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1 Annals of Forest Science, Instructions to authors 2014

Annals of Forest Science: Instructions to authors. 2014. Before any submission, please read carefully the instructions to authors and the scope of the journal.

1. SCOPE Annals of Forest Science is an international journal that publishes papers describing basic and applied research about forest science in the context of global change. The scope covers following aspects: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

biology of trees and associated organisms (symbionts, pathogens, pests); forest dynamics and ecosystem processes under environmental or management drivers (ecology, genetics); risks and disturbances affecting forest ecosystems: biology, ecology, economics; forestry wood chain including tree breeding, forest management and productivity, ecosystem services, silviculture and plantation management; wood sciences, with an emphasis on the relationships between wood structure and tree functioning, and between forest management or environment and wood properties;

The Editorial Board encourages: (i) Review articles on timely topics in the scope of the journal; (ii) Multidisciplinary studies that address large forest areas and/or time spans; (iii) New ideas or methods for measuring or monitoring any property of interest for tree biology, forest ecosystem dynamics, wood, ...; (iv) Model-based papers focused on the Forestry Wood Chain, including carbon accounting investigations, ecosystem services, quantification of the relationships between forest management and the properties of end products; (v) Papers addressing economic and social issues of forest management under climate change; (vi) Extended data bases made available to a wider community. As the number of submissions is larger than the number of papers we can publish, the editorial board does not encourage: (i) (ii)

Local case studies based on single stand experiments unless the addressed questions are innovative and timely; Wood science papers that address purely technological questions unless the topic is very innovative or in relation with tree biology, forest ecology or forest management.

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Editorial Board of Annals of Forest Science: Annals of Forest Science is managed by a board of associate editors with expertise in the different fields of the scope:

Topic

Associate editor in charge

Biology of trees and associated organisms

Gilbert Aussenac, Nancy Erwin Dreyer, Nancy Andrew Merchant, Sydney Ana Rincon, Madrid Michael Tausz, Melbourne Ricardo Alia, Madrid Laurent Bergès, Aix en Provence Jean-Daniel Bontemps, Nancy Bruno Fady, Avignon Thomas Wohlgemuth, Zürich Barry Gardiner, Bordeaux Marc Hanewinkel, Zürich François Lieutier, Orléans Eric Rigolot, Avignon Cécile Robin, Bordeaux Andreas Bolte, Eberswalde Jean-Daniel Bontemps, Nancy Jean-Michel Leban, Nancy Aaron Weiskittel, Orono Shuqing Zhao, Beijing Barry Gardiner, Bordeaux Jean-Michel Leban, Nancy

Forest dynamics (ecology and genetics)

Risks and disturbances (ecology and economics)

Forestry wood chain (management, products, services)

Wood sciences

Annals of Forest Science produces thematic issues under the responsibility of guest editors. Thematic issues may contain a series of papers produced after a symposium, a congress, a working group meeting, or even a research project. All manuscripts will be submitted to the usual peer-review procedure like any other paper, and the types of papers are the same than the usual ones (research, review, opinion and database papers). Accepted papers will be published on-line as soon as they are ready, and grouped into a specific issue as soon as all papers are processed. Annals of Forest science is examining every potential project in this direction: if you have an idea, please contact [email protected] for an exchange of information, and a final decision about the suitability of the project will be produced rapidly. Thematic issues are usually edited by a guest associated editor invited specifically for that purpose. Annals of Forest Science uses a double-blind review process to warrant an optimal and fast review of the submitted manuscript.

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The refereeing process aims to checking the scientific quality and originality as well as the interest to the AFS’s international readership. The manuscripts submitted via the editorial manager (https://www.editorialmanager.com/afsc/default.asp) will be first viewed by the chief editor, who checks whether the manuscript fits within the scope and meets the quality requirements of the journal; he may decline any further processes for manuscript that do not fulfil these basic requirements. The manuscripts are then assigned to an associate editor with specific expertise in the field, who selects referees (usually 2-3), and after receiving the advice of the referees, produces a tentative decision. The final decision is then produced by the chief editor (or the deputy chief editor).This process usually takes 2 months depending on the availability of referees. Annals of Forest Science is published by Springer and fits with the requirements for a green Open Access journal The published version of all papers of Annals of Forest Science will be made freely available under a .pdf format in an open archive after a period of embargo of 12 months. The whole archive of Annals of Forest Science is now available in the repository for scientific publication HAL (“Hyper Articles en Ligne”; http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/) with two specific portals : Annales des Sciences Forestières (1964-1998) (http://hal.archivesouvertes.fr/ARINRA-ADSF/fr) and Annals of Forest Science (1999- to date) (http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ARINRA-AFS/fr) and will be continuously implemented with new papers.

2. BEFORE SUBMITTING A MANUSCRIPT TO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE The pressure to publish is very strong, and Annals of Forest Science is able to publish only a fraction of the submitted manuscripts. Therefore, in order to avoid direct rejection, please carefully consider the following checklist. BEFORE SUBMITTING To improve the chances that your manuscript will be acceptable to Annals of Forest Science (AFS), please make sure before submitting that you have followed the following steps: Cover letter 1. Provide a cover letter indicating the main aims of the manuscript, the type of paper (research paper, review paper, letter to the editor/opinion paper, or database paper), the novelty of the content, and how it fits within the scope of the journal (see above and on the AFS website). Failure to produce convincing arguments may result in immediate rejection of the manuscript Proof reading 2. Your manuscript complies with the rules for length; please indicate the number of characters, figures and tables; 3. Your manuscript was proofread by yourself and by the co-authors;

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4. The language was revised by a professional science editor or a native English speaking colleague if there is any doubt about the clarity of the language (see the Web for addresses of usually reliable editors); 5. The structure of the manuscript follows the guidelines of AFS (line numbering, sections, reference presentation, quality of the figures, etc). These guidelines are listed below; Editing 6. The title provides a clear insight to the contents of the paper, and links to the most important result; 7. The executive summary (40 words) provides a short view of the main results and potential applications of your findings; it should be easy to understand for non specialists; 8. The abstract provides a clear view of the content of the paper, attracts potential readers (and citers!) and can be understood by any person with a background in forestry, in particular forest managers; 9. The introductions opens to a few explicit working hypotheses or at least a few explicit research questions; if none is available, the manuscript may be directly returned to the authors; 10. In case of a resubmission, the reference of the initial submission is provided. Ethical issues Submission of a manuscript implies that the work has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The journal will not be held legally responsible should there be any claim for compensation. The manuscripts need to comply with the ethical recommendation of the scientific community. Such recommendations are available in books and on-line material dedicated to publications ethics. Annals of Forest Science refers explicitely to the code published by the committee on publication ethics (COPE, http://publicationethics.org/) and to the San Francisco declaration on Research Assessment (DORA, http://am.ascb.org/dora/). Several aspects are of particular importance. (1) authorship: we require a precise description of the contributions of the different coauthors; being a co-author requires a significant contribution to the scientific content of the paper and at least a detailed reading and revision of the manuscript. Technical contributions are acknowledged at the end of the manuscript and do not open a right to authorship as such. An efficient co-operation among co-authors is a requisite for the quality of a paper; (2) plagiarism: we indeed urge all authors to avoid any kind of plagiarism of whole or small fractions of earlier papers. AFS uses plagiarism detection software;

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(3) double submissions; i.e., submissions of the same manuscript to two different journals are becoming a common occurrence; please be aware that this is fully against the ethics of publication and that journals are exchanging information about this issue; (4) repeated publication of very similar information, or reuse of older data sets with no added value with respect to earlier publications should be avoided; reuse of data should be explicitly cited and justified in the cover letter.

3. SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT TO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE. The manuscripts should be double-spaced with margins of at least 3.5 cm at the top, bottom and sides. Lines should be numbered in the margins with a continuous numbering from the start of the manuscript. To make your submission double- blind, do not reveal the identity of any author in the text. All submissions should be done via the manuscript management system provided by Springer (Editorial Manager, http://www.editorialmanager.com/afsc/default.asp ). All co-authors will be informed of the submission by email. Papers published by Annals of Forest Science For each type of paper, you need to provide on the title page: author names and addresses, detailed contact information, acknowledgements, a concise description of the contribution of the co-authors (writing the manuscript, designing the experiment, running the experiment, analysing data, supervising, etc…) and a description of the funding used to support the research. Please make sure this information is not present in the body of the manuscript to avoid identification by referees. 1. Research papers should be concise, focused on new results and data, and no longer than about 10 printed pages (i.e., approximately 40000 characters including spaces, inclusive of figures that represent approx. 2000 characters each, and tables). Long tables and similar material may be included free of charge as electronic-only material, i.e., they will not be printed but made available to readers on the journal’s website. Please be aware that the criteria for acceptance include the quality of science (no logical flaw in the demonstration, appropriate experimental design and relevant statistics), as well as the novelty of the findings. Annals of Forest Science does not publish case studies of regional or local interest, nor purely confirmative studies. The question addressed and the working hypotheses should be explicitly described at the end of the introduction. We are ready to publish technical papers, describing the development and application of new tools for research, where the tool has been tested against known standards. Research papers can also be devoted to the parameterisation of existing models. The manuscript should be arranged as follows: i. title without author’s names and affiliations; ii. abstract following the structure provided below; iii. executive summary of 40 words; this summary would be used on the web site and for external communication purposes; iv. introduction;

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v. material and methods; vi. results; vii. discussion; we do not accept manuscripts with combined discussion and result presentation; viii. conclusion, ix. references; x. tables; xi. captions of figures; xii. figures. 2. Review papers including meta analyses of earlier papers dealing with up-to-date advances in forest research and important debates about the topics in the scope of the journal. Review papers may be sponsored by the Editorial Board (and in this case the Open Access option will be offered free of charge), or submitted on the author’s own initiative. Authors are advised to submit their project to the editorial board with a few indications about the potential content prior to writing their review. The length of review papers may vary according to the importance of the material, and no limit is set to the number of references. Review manuscripts will be peer-reviewed like current research papers. 3. Opinion papers and letters to the editor, including responses to published papers and any other material allowing an interesting scientific debate. They should be submitted via the Editorial Manager with a brief cover letter providing a few clues about the topic addressed and the debate underlying the letter. Letters should be no longer than 5000 characters, and follow the usual rules of the journal. Opinions and comments may be longer. They will be analysed by the editorial board and a decision about suitability for publication will be made in two weeks. Letters to the editor will be published online rapidly. 4. Data base papers: Data bases play an increasing role in forest and ecological sciences. While some large databases are currently available for data like forest production and inventories, plant and animal communities, carbon and nutrient cycles, there are many fields of research that produce data bases that are not publicly available are remain unknown. Such data-bases remain frequently undervalorised and analysed while they contain information that may of use for further analysis, novel questions and meta-analyses. AFS therefore decided to create a journal section devoted to data bases. A data base paper should provide a clear and exhaustive description of the database, of its content and its potential use and all the metadata required to access the data base. Additional information will be made available about how to implement the preparation of such papers. Researcher using the data-base will be able to cite the data base paper and therefore acknowledge the origin of the data; they may also invite the data-base providers a co-authors to the new publication. A data-base paper should be arranged as follows: (i) title without author’s names and affiliations; (ii) introduction presenting the main features and the potential use of the data base; (iii) brief description of the structure of the data-base and of the meta-data (the detailed meta-data will be provided in a specific file); (iv) electronic access to the data base and conditions for the use of the data; (v)

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conclusion (vi) references, (vii) tables if any; (viii) captions of figures and (ix) figures if any. For the title page, you need to provide the precise address where the data base may be accessed. Such data base papers will be submitted to a technical review to check for the quality and accuracy of the provided information and for the accessibility of the data base. Before submitting, please download a template for the metadata of the data base (AFS-metadata-template) from following address; https://metadataafs.nancy.inra.fr/ressources. This metadata file will be attached to the paper and published on the same site. The metadata will provide all the links to the actual data, as well as the rules for access and potential re-use. In case the data are deposited to a specific repository like Dryad, the meta data file from the repository may be used instead, but a copy needs be sent to AFS. Decision making The Editorial Board maintains the option of returning to authors, before any further evaluation, manuscripts that do not comply with the recommendations to authors, do not display sufficient novelty, or do not fit within the scope of the journal; such a decision may be made by the chief-editor or the associate editor handling the manuscript. Manuscripts with incomplete cover letters will be returned to the authors. After reviewing, a decision is provided to the authors: (i) Accept with minor modifications; (ii) Major revision; the revised version will be analysed by the editorial board and possibly re-examined by the external referees before a final decision is made; please be aware that publication is not granted at this stage; (iii) Decline with potential resubmission; in case of resubmission, the revised version would undergo a complete assessment; and (iv) Decline. We will provide in any case detailed arguments explaining the decision, and are ready to answer all concerns expressed by the authors after a decision. After final acceptance, you will be asked to provide up to ten email addresses of colleagues who might be interested by the paper. We will send them a complimentary electronic version of the paper, to enhance its potential impact. We may also disseminate information about your paper via social networks, and of course, authors are free to disseminate the link to the original manuscript by any means. Practical steps for submission 1. Online Submission: Please follow the hyperlink “Submit online” on the right of the title page of Annals of Forest Science, or go to http://www.editorialmanager.com/afsc/default.asp . Please upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen. 2. Title page: join a separate file with the following required information : i. Title of the article; ii. First name, middle initial(s) and surname of each author (format: “Albert EINSTEIN”), with department and institution where the study was carried out, email address of all co-authors(they will be informed of the manuscript submission and receive a copy of the main decisions

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about the manuscript); please identify the corresponding author by an asterisk; iii. Short title (running head) of no more than 45 characters including spaces, and the additional keywords. iv. Contribution of the co-authors: brief but clear account of the contributions of the different authors. Contribution may be: designing the experiment, writing the paper, running the data analysis, supervising the work, coordinating the research project, etc… Such a description is mandatory. v. Funding: funding provided to achieve the presented results should be briefly but precisely acknowledged. vi. Acknowledgements: any further information that may be of value to the readers (technical contributions, external help, material gifts, etc….) should be provided in a brief paragraph. vii. Total number of characters (including spaces, references and captions); viii. Number of tables; ix. Number of figures. While the tile page will not be available to the referees as we use a double blind review procedure), the main body of the manuscript contains all the information required for external reviews. 1. Title of the article; 2. Executive summary (max. 40 words) should be informative for stake holders and a broader public. 3. Abstract (max. 200 words) should be in a form suitable for abstracting services. It should provide a clear view of the content of the manuscript with a brief description of the main results and conclusions. Footnotes, references, cross-references to figures and tables and abbreviations must be avoided. Please be aware the abstracts are highly important to incite readers to read the full paper and possibly cite it! The abstract must be presented as successive small sections providing: i. Context: an introduction into the context of the study; ii. Aims: a clear statement of the research questions; iii. Methods: a quick overview of the methods used; iv. Results: the most important results; v. Conclusion. 4. Additional keywords: Please provide 4 to 6 additional keywords that are not in the title and will be used for indexing purposes. 5. The usual sections for a paper (Introduction, Material and methods, etc..., see above); 6. Text formatting: Manuscripts should be submitted in using either a Word compatible software or LaTex. i. Use a normal, plain font (e.g., 10-point Times Roman) for text, and double spaces for lines ii. Use italics for scientific names or latin expressions (like a contrario, in vivo, ….) and add the author name at first citation (i.e., Quercus robur L.) iii. Number the pages and the lines with a continuous numbering procedure; iv. Do not use field functions;

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v. Use tab stops or other commands for indents, not the space bar; vi. Use the equation editor or MathType for equations. If you use Word 2007, do not create the equations with the default equation editor but use the Microsoft equation editor or MathType instead; vii. Manuscripts with mathematical content can also be submitted in LaTeX. 7. Abbreviations need be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter. Please be aware: abbreviations are meant to ease reading and not to complicate it! No abbreviation should be used in the abstract (except the ones that are of really common use like DNA, DBH, units etc). 8. Footnotes: Please avoid any use of footnotes. References 1. Citation: Cite references in the text by name and year in parentheses. Some examples: i. “Negotiation research spans many disciplines (Thompson 1990).” ii. “This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman (1996).” iii. “This effect has been widely studied (Abbott 1991; Barakat et al. 1995; Kelso and Smith 1998; Medvec et al. 1993).” 2. Reference list: The list of references should only include papers and other products that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Personal communications and unpublished work should only be mentioned in the text. Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last names of the first author of each work. Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal’s name according to the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations, see: www.issn.org/2-22661LTWA-online.php. For authors using EndNote, we provide an output style that supports the formatting of in-text citations and reference list, follow the link: http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/Spring erBasicAuthorDate.zip Journal article: the names of all co-authors need be provided: Gamelin FX, Baquet G, Berthoin S, Thevenet D, Nourry C, Nottin S, Bosquet L (2009) Effect of high intensity intermittent training on heart rate variability in prepubescent children. Eur J Appl Physiol 105:731-738. doi: 10.1007/s00421-0080955-8 Article by DOI: Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J Mol Med. doi:10.1007/s001090000086 Book: South J, Blass B (2001) The future of modern genomics. Blackwell, London Book chapter: Brown B, Aaron M (2001) The politics of nature. In: Smith J (ed) The rise of modern genomics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 230-257 Online document Cartwright J (2007) Big stars have weather too. IOP Publishing PhysicsWeb.

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http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/6/16/1. Accessed 26 June 2007 Dissertation Trent JW (1975) Experimental acute renal failure. Dissertation, University of California Tables All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals. They should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order. For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table. Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption. Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body. Artwork For the best quality final product, it is highly recommended that you submit all of your artwork – photographs, line drawings, etc…– in an electronic format. Your art will then be produced to the highest standards with the greatest accuracy to detail. The published work will directly reflect the quality of the artwork provided. Electronic Figure Submission Supply all figures electronically. Indicate what graphics program was used to create the artwork. For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, please use TIFF format. MS Office files are also acceptable. Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files. Name your figure files with "Fig" and the figure number, e.g., Fig1.eps. Line Art (Black and white graphic with no shading): Do not use faint lines and/or lettering and check that all lines and lettering within the figures are legible at final size. All lines should be at least 0.1 mm (0.3 pt) wide. Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi. Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files. Halftone Art (Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.): If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale bars within the figures themselves. Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. Color Art Color art is free of charge for online publication. If black and white will be shown in the print version, make sure that the main information will still be visible. Many colors are not distinguishable from one another when converted to black and white. A simple way to check this is to make a xerographic copy to see if the necessary distinctions between the different colors are still apparent. If the figures will be printed in black and white, do not refer to color in the captions. Color illustrations should be submitted as RGB (8 bits per channel).

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Figure Lettering To add lettering, it is best to use Helvetica or Arial (sans serif fonts). Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, usually about 2–3 mm (8–12 pt). Variance of type size within an illustration should be minimal, e.g., do not use 8-pt type on an axis and 20-pt type for the axis label. Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc. Do not include titles or captions within your illustrations. Figure Numbering All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals. Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order. Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures, continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Do not number the appendix figures, "A1, A2, A3, etc." Figures in online appendices (Electronic Supplementary Material) should, however, be numbered separately. Figure Captions Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure file. Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type. No punctuation is to be included after the number, nor is any punctuation to be placed at the end of the caption. Identify all elements found in the figure in the figure caption; and use boxes, circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs. Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption. Figure Placement and Size When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width. Figures should be 39 mm, 84 mm, 129 mm, or 174 mm wide and not higher than 234 mm. Permissions If you include figures that have already been published elsewhere, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format. Please be aware that some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and that Springer will not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these permissions. In such cases, material from other sources should be used. Accessibility In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your figures, please make sure that (i.) all figures have descriptive captions (blind users could then use a text-to-speech software or a text-to- Braille hardware); (ii.) patterns are used instead of or in addition to colors for conveying information (color-blind users would then be able to distinguish the visual elements); (iii.) Any figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1

4. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

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Annals of Forest Science accepts electronic multimedia files (animations, movies, audio, etc.) and other supplementary files to be published online along with an article or a book chapter. This feature can add dimension to the author's article, as certain information cannot be printed or is more convenient in electronic form. Supply all supplementary material in standard file formats. Electronic Supplementary Material should be arranged without author’s names and affiliation. To accommodate user downloads, please keep in mind that larger-sized files may require very long download times and that some users may experience other problems during downloading. Spreadsheets should be converted to PDF if no interaction with the data is intended. If the readers should be encouraged to make their own calculations, spreadsheets should be submitted as .xls files (MS Excel). Specialized format such as .pdb (chemical), .wrl (VRML), .nb (Mathematica notebook), and .tex can also be supplied. Numbering and captions If supplying any supplementary material, the text must make specific mention of the material as a citation, similar to that of figures and tables. Refer to the supplementary files as “Online Resource”, e.g., "... as shown in the animation (Online Resource 3)", “... additional data are given in Online Resource 4”. Name the files consecutively, e.g. “ESM_3.mpg”, “ESM_4.pdf”. For each supplementary material, please supply a concise caption describing the content of the file. Processing of supplementary files Electronic supplementary material will be published as received from the author without any conversion, editing, or reformatting. Accessibility In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your supplementary files, please make sure that the manuscript contains a descriptive caption for each supplementary material and video files do not contain anything that flashes more than three times per second (so that users prone to seizures caused by such effects are not put at risk).

5. AFTER ACCEPTANCE Upon acceptance of your article you will receive a link to the special Author Query Application at Springer’s web page where you can sign the Copyright Transfer Statement online and indicate whether you wish to order OpenChoice, offprints, or printing of figures in color. Once the Author Query Application has been completed, your article will be processed and you will receive the proofs. Open Choice In addition to the normal publication process (whereby an article is submitted to the journal and access to that article is granted to customers who have purchased a subscription), Springer provides an alternative publishing option: Springer Open Choice. A Springer Open Choice article receives all the benefits of a regular subscription-based

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article, but in addition is made available publicly through Springer’s online platform SpringerLink. We regret that Springer Open Choice cannot be ordered for published articles. Copyright transfer Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher (or grant the Publisher exclusive publication and dissemination rights). This will ensure the widest possible protection and dissemination of information under copyright laws. Open Choice articles do not require transfer of copyright as the copyright remains with the author. In opting for open access, they agree to the Springer Open Choice Licence. Color illustrations Online publication of color illustrations is free of charge. For color in the print version, authors will be expected to make a contribution towards the extra costs. Proof reading The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor. After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article. Online First The article will be published online after receipt of the corrected proofs. This is the official first publication citable with the DOI. After release of the printed version, the paper can also be cited by issue and page numbers. Complimentary copies for colleagues Upon acceptance, you will be asked to provide a list of 10 email addresses of colleagues of yours who will receive a complimentary copy of the PDF of your paper sent by the journal. This helps disseminating your study and increasing its potential impact, as well as the impact of the journal. Permissions Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.

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http://www.springer.com/journal/13595