8th Grade Science Objectives

8th Grade Science Objectives State Standard

LPS Objective

Chapter

8.1 Light and Sound – By the end of 8th grade, students will investigate and understand facts, concepts, principles, and laws related to sound and light. 8.1.1 Investigate and understand characteristics of waves. a.

Define waves and identify what causes them.

8.3.3

b.

Identify and compare the three main types of waves.

8.3.3

c.

List and describe the basic properties of waves.

8.3.3

d.

Describe how a wave’s speed is related to its wavelength.

8.3.3

e.

Identify and compare reflection, refraction, and diffraction.

8.3.3

f.

Describe the two types of interference waves.

8.3.3

g.

Identify and describe standing waves and resonance

8.3.3

8.1.2 a.

Chapter 1 Section 3 Chapter 1 Section 3 Chapter 1 Section 3

Investigate and understand sound. Define sound and explain how it travels.

8.3.3

b. Identify factors that affect the speed of sound, describe what happens when an object moves faster than the speed of sound.

8.3.3

c.

Explain how intensity and loudness are related.

8.3.3

d.

Explain the relationship between frequency and pitch.

8.3.3

8.1.3

Chapter 1 Section 1 Chapter 1 Section 1 Chapter 1 Section 2 Chapter 1 Section 2

Chapter 2 Section 1 Chapter 2 Section 1 Chapter 2 Section 2 Chapter 2 Section 2

Investigate and understand the electromagnetic spectrum.

a. Describe an electromagnetic wave and its properties.

8.3.3

b. Describe properties of light in relation to particles and to electromagnetic waves.

8.3.3

c. List and compare different types of electromagnetic waves.

8.3.3

d. Describe how the electromagnetic spectrum is arranged.

8.3.3

e. Name uses for waves of the electromagnetic spectrum

8.3.3

8.4.3 Investigate and explain light. a. Describe what happens when light strikes opaque, transparent and translucent objects. b. Identify and compare reflection and refraction. c. Describe how lenses form images.

8.3.3 8.3.3

d. Identify the factors that determine color and explain how colors are combined in light and pigments. e. Explain how lt. waves are sensed/interpreted as images in humans. f. Explain how telescopes, cameras, lasers and microscopes use light. LPS MS Science Program Guide 2007

8.3.3

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8.3.3 8.3.3 8.3.3

Chapter 3 Section 1 Chapter 3 Section 1 Chapter 3 Section 2 Chapter 3 Section 2 Chapter 3 Section 2 Chapter 4 Section 1 Chapter 4 Section 1,2 Chapter 4 Section 2 Chapter 4 Section 3 Chapter 4 Section 4 Chapter 4 Section 5

Scope and Sequence 8th Grade


LPS Objective

Chapter

8.2 Cells and Heredity – By the end of 8th grade, students will investigate and understand facts, concepts, principles, and models related to structure, reproduction, and inheritance in living organisms, including personal and social issues associated with genetics. 8.2.1 Investigate and understand cells and their functions a. State the three points of the cell theory

8.4.1b

b. Identify the cell wall, cell membrane, and nucleus and describe their functions

8.1.2b 8.4.1c

c. Describe the role of specialized cells in many-celled organisms

8.4.1d

d. Describe the three methods by which materials move in and out of cells

8.4.1c

e. Demonstrate proper use and care of the microscope

8.2.1c

8.2.2 Identify and describe cell processes and energy a. Describe the process of photosynthesis and explain how the sun supplies energy to all living things

8.4.1c 8.4.5a

b. Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration

8.4.5a

c. State the relationship between cancer and the cell cycle

8.4.1c,f 8.7.5b

Chapter 1 Section 1 Chapter 1 Section 2 Chapter 1 Section 2 Chapter 1 Section 4 Appendix B Pages 1901 Chapter 2 Section 1 Chapter 2 Section 2 Chapter 2 Section 3,4

8.2.3 Recognize and understand the process of cell division and modern genetics a. Identify the factors that control the inheritance of traits and how Mendel applied them

8.1.2d 8.2.1e 8.4.2c,d 8.4.5a

Chapter 3 Section 1

b. State the role of chromosomes in inheritance

8.2.1e 8.4.2b,c

Chapter 3 Section 3

c. Describe how the process of meiosis forms sperm and egg cells

8.4.2b

d. Investigate and examine the issue of genetic testing

8.6.2d 8.7.5a,b 8.8.1c

LPS MS Science Program Guide 2007

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Chapter 3 Section 3 Chapter 4 Science and Technology Page 133



LPS Objective

Chapter

8.3 Forces, Motion and Energy – By the end of 8th grade, students will investigate and understand facts, concepts, principles, and laws related to forces, motion, and energy. 8.3.1 Investigate and measure motion a. Describe and measure motion b. Calculate speed, velocity, and acceleration using metric measurement 8.3.2 Recognize and compare forces a. Explain how balanced and unbalanced forces are related to motion b. Investigate Newton’s 1st and 3rd Laws of Motion through experimentation c. Explain how force and mass are related to acceleration

8.1.2a 8.3.2a 8.1.2a 8.1.3a 8.2.1c 8.3.2a,b 8.3.2a,b 8.1.2a,c 8.3.2a,b 8.1.3b 8.3.2a,b

d. Identify the factors that determine the friction force between two surfaces

8.3.2a,b

e. Review the difference between mass and weight

8.1.3a,c 8.2.1c 8.3.1b

8.3.3

Chapter 1 Section 1 Chapter 1 Section 1,3

Chapter 2 Section 1 Chapter 2 Sections 1,4 Chapter 2 Section 2 Chapter 2 Section 3 Chapter 2 Section 3

Investigate work and machines

a. Explain how machines make work easier b. Describe the six types of simple machines and demonstrate how energy is transferred in each c. Identify the difference between actual and ideal mechanical advantage 8.3.4 Investigate energy and power

8.1.4a 8.6.2c 8.1.3b 8.1.4a 8.3.3b 8.1.3a 8.3.3b

a. Relate work and energy

8.1.3a,c

b. Describe potential and kinetic energy

8.1.3a,b

c. Describe and relate the six different forms of energy d. Explain the Law of Conservation of Energy


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8.3.3a 8.1.3b 8.3.3a,e

Chapter 4 Section 1,2 Chapter 4 Section 3 Chapter 4 Section 3 Chapter 5 Section 1 Chapter 5 Section 1 Chapter 5 Section 1 Chapter 5 Section 2



LPS Objective

Chapter

8.4 Astronomy – By the end of 8th grade, students will investigate and understand facts, concepts, principles, theories, laws and models related to the earth and its solar system . 8.4.1 Recognize relationships between Earth, Moon, and Sun a. Explain cycles of day and night, and the cause and cycle of Chapter 1 8.5.3b,e Section 1 seasons on Earth b. Observe and explain phases of the moon

8.5.3b

c. Explain what causes tides

8.5.3b

d. Compare causes of solar and lunar eclipses

8.5.3b

e. Explain how rockets travel in space

8.8.1

f. Describe the use of satellites and space stations

8.8.1

g. Describe features of the moon’s surface, explain what scientists learned about the moon from space exploration

8.5.3

h. Describe the origin and structure of the moon

8.5.3

Chapter 1 Section 2 Chapter 1 Section 2 Chapter 1 Section 2 Chapter 1 Section 3 Chapter 1 Section 3 Chapter 1 Section 4 Chapter 1 Section 4

8.4.2 Investigate the solar system

b. Investigate contributions of scientists to our knowledge of Astronomy today

8.1.1a 8.1.2b 8.5.3a,b 8.8.2c 8.8.3a 8.2.1d,f 8.8.2c 8.8.3a

c. Identify two factors that keep planets in orbit

8.5.3a,c

a. Explain how the heliocentric and geocentric models differ

d. Explain how the sun gets its energy

8.5.3d

e. Describe features of the sun’s surface

8.5.3a

f. Describe the main characteristics of the inner planets and the gas giants g. Explain how Pluto differs from the planets h. Identify and describe characteristics of asteroids, comets, and meteors

8.1.1a 8.1.2b 8.1.3d 8.5.3a 8.1.2b,d 8.1.3d 8.2.1d,f 8.5.3a 8.1.1a 8.1.3d 8.5.3a

i.

Describe what living things need to exist on Earth

8.4.1

j.

Explain why scientists are looking for signs of life in space

8.4.1


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Chapter 2 Section 1 Chapter 2 Section 1 Chapter 2 Section 1 Chapter 2 Section 2 Chapter 2 Section 2 Chapter 2 Sections3,4 Chapter 2 Section 4 Chapter 2 Section 5 Chapter 2 Section 6 Chapter 2 Section 6



LPS Objective

Chapter

8.5 History and Nature of Science --By the end of 8th grade, students will investigate and understand science as a human endeavor. 8.8.1a 8.5.1 Investigate and understand that women and men of various social and ethnic backgrounds, working alone or in teams, engage in the activities of science and related fields. 8.8.1b 8.5.2 Investigate and understand that science requires different abilities and relies upon basic human qualities and scientific habits of mind. Textbooks: Prentice Hall Science Explorer 2000 series  Cells and Heredity  Motion, Forces, and Energy  Sound and Light  Astronomy


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8th Grade Science Objectives


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