Abstracts / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 8 (2017) 60e121
Results: Using FSC specifications, the calculated vitamin E amount to compensate for PUFA double bond content ranged from 0.003 to 0.53 mg/ 100 kJ in theoretical infant formulas of different PUFA content. Vitamin E equivalents using Codex specifications were only slightly higher. DHA content at the maximum permitted amount also had a minimal impact on the calculated vitamin E amount. Conclusions: This study showed that the calculated vitamin E amount to compensate for PUFA peroxidation can be substantial compared to the prescribed IF vitamin E content (0.11-1.2 mg/100 kJ). However, the differences in calculating vitamin E equivalents by the FSC or Codex specifications were minimal. Funding source(s): N/A
Concurrent session 7: Chronic disease mechanism QUANTITY, TYPE AND VARIETY OF VEGETABLE INTAKE AND ATHEROSCLEROTIC VASCULAR DISEASE MORTALITY: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY L.C. Blekkenhorst 1, R.L. Prince 1, J.R. Lewis 1, A. Devine 2, R.J. Woodman 3, C.P. Bondonno 1, J.M. Hodgson 1, 2. 1 School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia; 2 School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia; 3 Flinders Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Flinders University, SA, Australia E-mail address:
[email protected] (L.C. Blekkenhorst). Background/Aims: Higher vegetable intake is consistently associated with lower risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD). However, few studies have explored the associations between type and diversity of vegetable intakes and long-term ASVD outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the associations of quantity, type and diversity of vegetable intakes with ASVD mortality. Methods: A total of 1,500 women aged 70-85 years were recruited in 1998 and were followed for 15 years. Vegetable intake was assessed at baseline using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Vegetable types included cruciferous, allium, yellow/orange/red, leafy green and legume. Vegetable diversity was assessed by the number of different vegetables consumed (p/ d). The primary outcome was an ASVD-related death ascertained using the Western Australian Data Linkage System. Women with a baseline history of ASVD and diabetes were excluded from analyses. Cox regression modelling was used to analyse data. Results: Over 15,947 person-years of follow-up, 238/1,226 (19.4%) women died of an ASVD-related cause. Higher vegetable intake and diversity were both associated with a lower risk of ASVD mortality (p < 0.01). For vegetable types, cruciferous (per 10 g/d HR ¼ 0.87, 95%CI 0.81, 0.94, p < 0.001) and allium (per 5 g/d HR ¼ 0.82, 95%CI 0.73, 0.94, p ¼ 0.003) vegetables were inversely associated with ASVD mortality, independent of other vegetables. Associations for yellow/orange/red (P¼0.443), leafy green (P¼0.063) and legume (p ¼ 0.379) vegetables were not significant. Conclusions: Including a diverse range of vegetables in the diet, with a focus on consuming cruciferous, allium and possibly leafy green vegetables, may contribute to reducing risk of ASVD in older women. Funding source(s): NHMRC and Healthway A MEDITERRANEAN DIET IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN MEN AND WOMEN OVER 65 YEARS: RESULTS FROM THE MEDLEY STUDY C.R. Davis 1, K.J. Murphy 1, J.M. Hodgson 2, J. Bryan 3, R.J. Woodman 4, C. Wilson 5. 1 Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, UniSA, Australia; 2 Medicine & Pharmacology, UWA, Australia; 3 Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, UniSA, Australia; 4 Flinders Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Australia; 5 School of Medicine, Flinders Uni., Australia E-mail address:
[email protected] (C.R. Davis). Background/Aims: Endothelial function measured by flow mediated dilatation (FMD) has been linked to CVD risk. We aimed to determine if following a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) could improve endothelial function in men and women aged over 65 years. Methods: In a randomised controlled intervention trial, volunteers aged
79
65 years were randomly allocated to follow either a MedDiet or maintain their habitual diet (HabDiet) for 6 months. The MedDiet consisted of olive oil, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains and fish. All volunteers saw a dietitian fortnightly. FMD of the brachial artery was assessed at baseline and 6 months. Linear mixed effects models with a diet*visit interaction term were used to determine between group differences. Results: Complete FMD data for baseline and 6 months was collected for 78 volunteers (MedDiet ¼ 45, HabDiet ¼ 33). Adherence to the MedDiet increased significantly in the intervention but not control group (p < 0.001). Mean ± SD baseline %FMD was not different between groups (HabDiet: 2.24 ± 2.24 vs. MedDiet: 2.22±2.52). At 6 months the adjusted marginal mean difference between groups was 1.50% (95%CI: 0.19, 2.81, p ¼ 0.026), the intervention group increasing their %FMD by 1.49% compared to a 0.02% decrease in the HabDiet group. Conclusions: Adhering to the MedDiet for 6 months compared to the HabDiet improved endothelial function in older healthy Australians. Funding source(s): NHMRC CHILLI CONSUMPTION AND THE INCIDENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN A CHINESE ADULT POPULATION Z. Shi 1, M.D. Riley 2, A. Taylor 1, A. Page 1. 1 School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia; 2 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia E-mail address:
[email protected] (Z. Shi). Background/Aims: The frequency of spicy food intake has recently been associated with a reduced risk of mortality in the Chinese population. This study aimed to prospectively examine the association between chilli intake and the incident of overweight/obesity in a Chinese adult population. Methods: A total of 12970 adults aged 20 years and older in the China Health and Nutrition Survey were followed between 1991 and 2011. Dietary data were collected during home visits using a 3-day food record in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011. Cox regression was used to in the analysis. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI 25 kg/ m2. Results: Respondents were followed for a median of 9 years. During 126884 person years of follow-up, 3,203 participants developed overweight/obesity. The absolute incident rate of overweight/obesity was 26.4, 22.3, 24.4, and 20.5 per 1000 person years among those who consumed no chilli or 1-20, 2050, > 50 g/day respectively. Chilli consumption was inversely associated with the incident of overweight/obesity. In the whole cohort, after adjusting for age, gender, energy and fat intake, smoking, alcohol drinking and physical activity, those that ate chilli 0, 1-20, 20-50 and >50 g/day had a hazard ratio (HR; 95%CI) for overweight/obesity of 1.00, 0.85 (0.73-0.98), 0.92 (0.81-1.04), and 0.76 (0.66-0.86) respectively. There was no interaction between chilli intake and gender, income, education and residence (urban/rural) in relation to the risk of overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Chilli intake is inversely associated with the risk of being overweight/obese in Chinese adults. Funding source(s): N/A FLAVONOID-RICH APPLE IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE N.P. Bondonno 1, C.P. Bondonno 1, L. Rich 1, N.C. Ward 2, J.M. Hodgson 1, K.D. Croft 1. 1 University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, WA, Australia E-mail address:
[email protected] (N.P. Bondonno). Background/Aims: Studies show an inverse association between apple intake and coronary mortality. Endothelial dysfunction occurs before vascular disease is detected and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. To determine if the benefits of apples comes from their flavonoid-rich skin, we gave volunteers apples with skin or apple flesh only as a control. We wished to determine if acute and chronic (4 weeks) ingestion of flavonoid-rich apple would improve endothelial function and
