A novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor

Sensors and Actuators B 166–167 (2012) 372–377

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Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/snb

A novel nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/ZnO composite modified electrode Selvakumar Palanisamy a , Shen-Ming Chen a,∗ , Ramiah Sarawathi b a b

Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India

a r t i c l e

i n f o

Article history: Received 3 January 2012 Received in revised form 17 February 2012 Accepted 24 February 2012 Available online 4 March 2012 Keywords: Reduced graphene oxide Zinc oxide Electrocatalysis Hydrogen peroxide

a b s t r a c t A novel nonenzymatic, amperometric sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was developed based on an electrochemically prepared reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/zinc oxide (ZnO) composite using a simple and cost effective approach. RGO/ZnO composite was fabricated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a green route based on simultaneous electrodeposition of ZnO and electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO). The morphology of the as-prepared RGO/ZnO composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy has also been performed to confirm the ample reduction of oxygen functionalities located at graphene oxide (GO). The electrochemical performance of the RGO/ZnO composite modified GCE was studied by amperometric technique, and the resulting electrode displays excellent performance towards hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) at −0.38 V in the linear response range from 0.02 to 22.48 ␮M, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9951 and short response time (5 >10 3

[32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] This work

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S. Palanisamy et al. / Sensors and Actuators B 166–167 (2012) 372–377

Acknowledgement This work was supported by the National Science Council and the Ministry of Education of Taiwan (Republic of China). I am very much thankful to Dr. Arun Prakash Periasamy for his timely help and valuable suggestions.

References

Fig. 6. Amperometric i–t response at RGO/ZnO modified rotating disc GCE for the successive additions of 1 ␮M H2 O2 , 1 mM AA, 1 mM DA, and 1 mM glucose solutions into the continuously stirred N2 saturated 0.05 M PBS (pH 7). Applied potential: −0.38 V; rotation rate: 1200 rpm.

in Section 3.4. The response current observed at the RGO/ZnO fim modified GCE towards 4.5 ␮M H2 O2 (within working range) was monitored every 2 h (until 13 h). The modified electrode exhibits stable response towards H2 O2 and 89.3% of response current was retained even after 13 h, validating the good stability of the composite film. The good storage and operational stability of the RGO/ZnO composite can be attributed to the well anchored ZnO microstructures on the RGO sheets.

3.6. Anti-interference study of the developed H2 O2 sensor As it is well known that, some co-existing electroactive species in nature will affect the sensor response. So, we have monitored the response of the sensor towards each 1 mM of ascorbic acid (AA), glucose and dopamine (DA) additions. The working potential was hold at −0.38 V. Each addition of the electroactive interfering species brought out hardly discernible current response, whereas notable response was observed for 1 ␮M H2 O2 (Fig. 6). These results suggest that the interfering effect caused by these electroactive species is quite negligible, validating the highly selective detection of H2 O2 at the composite film.

4. Conclusions In summary, we report a facile green approach for the room temperature, electrochemical deposition of flower-like ZnO microstructures on the GO surface. The SEM images of RGO/ZnO composite films revealed that ZnO micro flowers were well formed and closely anchored at the surface of RGO sheets. The as-prepared RGO/ZnO composite showed good catalytic activity towards H2 O2 . Besides, RGO/ZnO sensor was highly sensitive and selective for H2 O2 and it holds excellent storage and operational stability. As a future perspective, we believe that RGO/ZnO composite material could be a promising electrode material for the fabrication of enzyme based biosensors, super capacitors and solar cells at low cost.

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Biographies

Selvakumar Palanisamy received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamilnadu, India, in 2006. He received his M.S. degree in chemistry from Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamil Nadu, India, in 2009. He received his Master of philosophy degree in chemistry from Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamil Nadu, India, in 2010. Now, he is a second year Ph.D. student in Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology at National Taipei University of Technology. His research interest mainly focuses on the nanomaterial synthesis for enzyme immobilization related to biosensor and biofuel cell applications. Dr. Shen-Ming Chen received his B.S. degree in Chemistry in 1980 from National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan. He received his M.S. degree (1983) and Ph.D. degree (1991) in Chemistry from National Taiwan University, Taiwan. He is currently a professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan. His current research interests include electroanalytical chemistry, bioelectrochemistry, fabrication of energy conservation and storage devices and nanomaterial synthesis for electrochemical applications. He has published more than 230 research articles in SCI journals. Dr. R. Saraswathi received her Ph.D. degree in Chemistry in 1989 from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. She joined the Madurai Kamaraj University in 1988, where she is now the Head of the Department of Materials Science. She is a recipient of the Commonwealth Visiting Scientist Fellowship during 1997–1998 at the University of Leicester, England. She was a visiting professor twice at the National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan. Her research interest focuses on the electrochemical aspects of conducting polymers, nanomaterials and nanocomposites.