Systematic & Applied Acarology 18(4): 345–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.18.4.4
ISSN 1362-1971
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0ACC509B-F4E2-4AD0-BAE5-BB7802D186E9 Article
Cheylostigmaeus mahvashae sp. nov., a new species of the family Stigmaeidae (Acari) from Kermanshah Province, Iran MOHAMMAD KHANJANI*1 AMIN FIROOZFAR1 & ALINAGHI MIRMOAYEDI2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. E-mail:
[email protected] Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran . E-mail:
[email protected] *Corresponding author
Abstract A new species Cheylostigmaeus mahvashae sp. nov. is described and figured based on males collected from soil under walnut and apricot trees, from Rijab valley, Sarpolzahab, Kermanshah Province, Iran. Key words: Biological control, soil habitats, walnut, apricot
Introduction The family Stigmaeidae contains 32 genera. Most of them feed on spider mites, scale insects, especially their eggs and also small arthropods but cannot make essential control on them and also some feed on lichen and moss (Santos & Laing 1985; Akyol &Koç 2010), and they are found in different ecosystems. Some members are active on the aerial parts of plants but mostly in the soils habitats. Some species have potential for biological control of plant pests. The genus Cheylostigmaeus contains up to present 28 species and of which four species were recorded from Iran namely: Cheylostigmaeus iranensis Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2002, C. ferdowsii Khanjani et al. 2010; C. hassanpouri Bagheri et al. 2011 and C. gharakhanii Navai-Bonab et al. 2011. In this paper the fifth species C. mahvashae sp. nov. was collected from the soil under canopy of walnut and apricot trees in Kermanshah Province, Iran.
Materials and methods Mite specimens of the new species were taken from soil under canopy of walnut and apricot trees and transferred to Acarological laboratory of Bu-Ali Sina University for processing. The extracted mites were mounted in Hoyer’s medium (Walter & Krantz 2009) and were examined under a 1000X magnification of an Olympus BX50 phase contrast microscope. All drawings were prepared with a camera Lucida. Body length was measured from base of gnathosoma to end of idiosoma and width at level of seta c2. Lengths of setae were measured from the setal base to the tip of the seta; distances between setae were measured between setal bases, leg measurements are from coxa to pretarsus. The terminology and setal notations used in the description of the new species follow that of Kethley (1990). All measurements are given in micrometers (µm) with that of the paratypes in brackets.
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Family Stigmaeidae, Oudemans, 1931 Genus Cheylostigmaeus Willmann, 1951 Type species: Cheylostigmaeus grandiceps Willmann, 1951, by the original designation. Cheylostigmaeus mahvashae sp. nov. (Figs. 1–28) Diagnosis. Dorsal setae vi, ve, sci, sce, c1, c2, d1, d2, e1, e2, f long, endopodal shields smooth, setae vi as long as distance of setae vi–vi. Description. MALE (n=3). Color in life red. Idiosoma broadly oval Length of idiosoma 375 (387); width 253 (257); length of leg I 376 (375–380); leg II 292 (288–292); leg III 258 (250–262), leg IV 316 (315– 318). Dorsum (Fig. 1). Dorsum covered with three smooth shields. Prodorsal shield with four pairs of setae (vi, ve, sci, sce) and a pair of eyes (Fig. 1); hysterosomal shield bears six pairs of setae (c1, d1, d2, e1, e2, f1) and suranal shield with two pairs (h1, h2). All dorsal setae sheathed distally and contain few small barbs (Figs. 3). Humeral shields bearing setae c2 situated ventro–laterally between coxae II and III. Setae vi almost as long as distance vi–vi; Lengths of dorsal setae: vi 52 (48–53), ve 76 (70– 77), sci 48 (45–49), sce 62 (58–63), c1 50 (48–50), c2 50 (50–54), d1 53 (42–54), d2 53 (50–54), e1 48 (42–49), e2 57 (52–57), f 72 (70–74), h1 25 (24–27), h2 44 (40–46); distances between dorsal setae: vi–vi 45 (43–48), ve–ve 89 (84–92), vi–ve 49 (47–50), sci–sci 143 (143–145), sce–sce 160 (158–162), sci–sce 16 (14–19), ve–sci 36 (35–37), c1–c1 82 (80–83), c1–d1 49 (45–50), d1–d1 87 (88–100), d1–d2 58 (57–61), d1–e1 48 (46–50), d2–d2 185 (184–190), e1–e1 84 (82–86), e1–f1 37 (36– 40), f1–f1 77 (75–78), f1–h1 70 (61–72), h1–h1 26 (25–28), h1–h2 26 (24–29), d1–e2 34 (32–35), h1– h1 27 (25–28), h1–h2 26 (27–29), h2–h2 65 (62–65), vi/vi–vi 1.08 (1.10–1.12), c1/c1–c1 0.62 (0.57– 0.60), d1/d1–d1 0.61(0.48–0.49), e1/e1–e1 0.57 (0.51–0.57), f1/f1–f1 0.94 (0.93–0.95), h1/h1–h1 0.96 (1.04–0.93), h2/ h2–h2 0.68 (0.65–0.71), h1/h2 0.57 (0.60–0.59), c1–c1: d1–d1: e1–e1: f1–f1 1.07 (1.07–1.06): 1.13 (1.13–1.28): 1.09 (1.09–1.10): 1.0 (1.0). Venter (Fig. 2) – Ventral cuticle striated; coxae I–II and III–IV surrounded by narrow and smooth endopodal shields (Fig. 2). Length of setae la 31 (24–33), 1b 33 (32–34), 1c 42 (37–44), 2b 23 (22–26), 2c 27 (25–28), 3a 31 (29–32), 3b 26 (24–28), 3c 23 (22–25), 4a 23 (20–24), 4b 23 (24– 26) and 4c 27 (23–30). Aggenital (ag1–3) setae as long as pseudanal setae (ps1–3); measurements of setae: setae ag1 25 (24–26), ag2 27 (23–27), ag3 28 (26–30), ps1 4 (3–4), ps2 8 (6–8), ps3 15 (13–17). Distances: ag1–ag1 24 (22), ag2–ag2 49 (45), ag3–ag3 65 (57–65). Ps1–3 set on prominent tubercles (Fig. 5). Gnathosoma (Figs. 7–8). Infracapitulum smooth; 192 (175–195), palpi five segmented, tarsus with one solenidion and a tridentate eupathidium distally and five simple setae; palp tibia with two setae, palp genu with two setae and palp femur with 3 setae (Fig. 7). Chelicerae 71 (77) slightly shorter than movable digit 85 (83–87). Subcapitular setae m (26–33) almost as long as n 28 (25–28), adoral setae or1 14 (12–16), or2 21 (20–22); m–m as long as distance as n–n; m–m 26 (35–38), n–n 40 (38–40). Aedeagus (Fig. 4). Aedeagus with calyx cup–shaped, bulb capacious and spherical and two pairs of accessory copulatory appendages: unciform appendages strongly diverged posteriorly, pointed; forcipiform appendages flank aedeagus ending blunt to slightly pointed. Aedeagus concave distally. Legs (Figs. 9–12). Setal formulae of leg segments as follows: coxae 2+1a–2–2+3a–2+4a; trochanters 1–1–2–1; femora 6–5–3–2; genua 3+κ–3+κ–1–1; tibiae 5+1φ, 1φρ–5+1φρ–5+1φρ– 5+1φρ; tarsi 13+2ω–9+2ω–7+2ω–7+2ω. Dorsal setae thick and slightly ciliated (Figs. 9–12). Length of solenidia: I ω1 73 (62–66), I ω2 31(28–32), II ω1 64 (53–64), II ω2 26(23–26), III ω2 57(45–57), III ω1 11(10–12), IV ω1 57(51–58), IV ω2 6(5–7). 346
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FIGURES 1–8. Cheylostigmaeus mahvashae sp. nov. (Male) – 1. Dorsal view; 2. Ventral view, 3. Dorsal seta vi, ve, sci, sce, c1, c2, d1, d2, e1, e2; 4. Aedeagus; 5. Anogenital area; 6. Infracapitulum; 7. palp; 8. Chelicerae.
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FIGURES 9–12. Cheylostigmaeus mahvashae sp. nov. (Male) – 9. Leg I; 10. Leg II, 11. Leg III, 12. Leg IV.
Remarks. Cheylostigmaeus mahvashae sp. nov. differs from the known Iranian Cheylostigmaeus species: [A] C. iranensis Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2002 in: 1) aedeagal bulb 348
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broader; 2) dorsal setae vi, ve, sci, sce, c1, c2, d1, d2, e1, e2, f longer; [B] C. ferdowsii Khanjani et al., 2010 in: 1) tarsus I with 13(2ω) instead of 11(2ω); 2) ratio tarsus I/ω1 0. 6–1.36 instead 2.14; 3) aedeagal structure; 4) dorsal setae vi, ve sci, sce, c1, c2, longer; [C] C. hassanpouri Bagheri et al. 2011 in: 1) shape of aedeagus and gnathosoma; 2) dorsal setae sci, sce, c1, d1, d2, e1, e2 longer; 3) ratio tarsus I/ω1 0.97–1.36 instead of 1.54; 4) suranal shield in dorsal position instead of ventral position. [D] C. gharakhanii Navai–Boab, 2011 in: the shape of aedeagus different and dorsal setae are longer. The new species resembles C. californicus Summers & Ehara 1965 in that aedeagal bulb and general appearance however differs from the later in: 1) dorso-ventral shield smooth instead of decorated with dimples, 2) seta f1 much longer that of later, 3) forcipiform appendages of aedeagus different from that of the later. Cheylostigmaeus mahvashae resembles C. salmani Koç 2005 in having smooth dorso–ventral shield and the length of dorsal shields, however differs from the later in: 1) aedeagus with bulb instead of without bulb, 2) endopodal shields smaller than that of the later, 3) seta ω1of leg I shorter than the later; also the new species resembles C. luxtoni Wood, 1968 in having the same legs segments chaetotaxy, but differs in: 1) dorsal shield smooth instead of with shallow oval dimples, 2) aedeagus different in details, 3) endopodal and pregenital shields smooth instead of reticulated, 4) dorsal setae shorter than the latter. Cheylostigmaeus mahvashae sp. nov. also resembles C. longisetosus Willmann, 1951 in having the same setal formulae on legs and palp, ventral pattern and with three pairs of ag setae. However the new species differs from the latter in: 1) dorsal shields smooth vs. with a few pits on anterior and lateral areas of prodorsum and lateral areas of opisthosoma; most of the dorsal setae longer than the later (setae vi 48–53, ve 70–77, sci 45–49, sce 58–63, c1 48–50, c2 50–54, d1 42–54, d2 50–54, e1 42– 49, e2 52–57, h2 40–46 in C. mahvashae whereas vi 38, ve 51, sci 28, sce 43, c1 33, c2 40, d1 33, d2 43, e1 33, e2 43, h2 33 in C. longisetosus), 3) ratio of setae c1/c1–c1 0.57–0.62, d1/d1–d1 0.48–0.61, e1/e1–e1 0.51–0.57, f1/f1–f1 0.94–0.95, c1–c1: d1–d1: e1–e1: f1–f1 1.06–1.07: 1.13–1.28: 1.09–1.10: 1.0 in C. mahvashae instead of c1/c1–c1 0.49, d1/d1–d1 0.43, e1/e1–e1 0.42, f1/f1–f1 1.39, c1–c1: d1– d1: e1–e1: f1–f1 1.39: 1.60: 1.39: 1.0 in C. longisetosus, 4) aedeagus is completely different from the later. Etymology. The new species is named in honor of Mrs. Dr. Mahvash Dezfolimanesh, wife of the third author. Material examined. Holotype male, was collected from soil under canopy of apricot trees, Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae), Rijab valley, Sarpolzohab, Kermanshah Province (34° 9˝– 34°46˝ E, 45°53˝–46°35˝ N), Iran, 8 December, 2011 by Amin Firozfar and two paratype males from under soil canopy of walnut trees (Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae)), the same locality as holotype, 12 December, 2011 by Amin Firozfar. The holotype male are preserved as slide-mounted specimen and deposited in the Collection of Acarology Laboratory, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamadan, Iran and one paratype male will be deposited in the National Collection of Arachnida, Plant Protection Research, Pretoria, South Africa.
Acknowledgements This paper is a part of the results obtained to pass a MSc. Thesis in Department of Plant Protection, Razi University. The authors express their sincere gratitude toward the vice president of researches of Razi University for the financial support. The authors wish to thank Dr. Q.-H. Fan, Plant Health & Environment Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry, New Zealand, for his critical review of the manuscript.
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Accepted by Qing-Hai Fan: 28 Sept. 2013; published 24 Dec. 2013
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