ACS Pittsburgh Chemists Club Pittsburgh Section, American Chemical Society September 26, 2006
Biodiesel: A Green Fuel Times Two: Environmentally Friendly and Ready for Market Marc A. Portnoff
Carnegie Mellon
Center for
ADVANCED FUEL TECHNOLOGY David Purta & Marc Portnoff, Co-Directors Margaret Nasta, PhD, Faiz Pouarian, PhD, Jingfeng Zhang, PhD
Carnegie Mellon
Marc A. Portnoff Senior Scientist Email:
[email protected]
Center for
ADVANCED FUEL TECHNOLOGY Crop Plant Oil Yield Estimates Plant
Latin name
corn cashew nut oat palm lupine rubber seed kenaf calendula cotton hemp soybean coffee linseed hazelnut euphorbia pumpkin seed coriander mustard camelina sesame crambe safflower buffalo gourd rice
Zea mays
Kg Oil/ Hectare
Anacardium occidentale Avena sativa Erythea salvadorensis Lupinus albus Hevea brasiliensis Hibiscus cannabinus L. Calendula officinalis Gossypium hirsutum Cannabis sativa Glycine max Coffea arabica Linum usitatissimum Corylus avellana Euphorbia lagascae Cucurbita pepo Coriandrum sativum Brassica alba Camelina sativa Sesamum indicum Crambe abyssinica Carthamus tinctorius Cucurbita foetidissima Oriza sativa L.
145 148 183 189 195 217 230 256 273 305 375 386 402 405 440 449 450 481 490 585 589 655 665 696
Plant
Latin Name
tung oil tree sunflower cocoa peanut opium poppy rapeseed olive tree paiassava gopher plant castor bean bacuri pecan jojoba babassu palm jatropha macadamia nut brazil nut avocado coconut oiticia buriti palm pequi macauba palm oil palm
Aleurites fordii Helianthus annuus Theobroma cacao Arachis hypogaea Papaver somniferum Brassica napus Olea europaea Attalea funifera Euphorbia lathyris Ricinus communis Platonia insignis Carya illinoensis Simmondsia chinensis Orbignya martiana Jatropha curcas Macadamia terniflora Bertholletia excelsa Persea americana Cocos nucifera Licania rigida Mauritia flexuosa Caryocar brasiliense Acrocomia aculeata Elaeis guineensis
Tickell, Joshua. 2000. From the Fryer to the Fuel Tank
Kg Oil/ Hectare 790 800 863 890 978 1,000 1,019 1,112 1,119 1,188 1,197 1,505 1,528 1,541 1,590 1,887 2,010 2,217 2,260 2,520 2,743 3,142 3,775 5,000
Carnegie Mellon
Center for
ADVANCED FUEL TECHNOLOGY
Marc A. Portnoff Senior Scientist Email:
[email protected]
Environmental Protection Agency. October 2002 Draft Technical Report, A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions, (EPA420-P-02-001) (www.epa.gov/OMS/models/biodsl.htm).
Castor
Jatropha
Composition of Various Biodiesel Feedstocks
Carnegie Mellon
Center for
ADVANCED FUEL TECHNOLOGY
Marc A. Portnoff Senior Scientist Email:
[email protected]
Example of Feed Stock Impact on Fuel Properties
Producing biodiesel from Brassica crops in the Pacific Northwest, Jack Brown, University of Idaho, National Biodiesel Conference, San Diego, CA, February 6, 2006
Carnegie Mellon
Center for
ADVANCED FUEL TECHNOLOGY
Marc A. Portnoff Senior Scientist Email:
[email protected]
Example of Feed Stock Impact on Fuel Properties
Producing biodiesel from Brassica crops in the Pacific Northwest, Jack Brown, University of Idaho, National Biodiesel Conference, San Diego, CA, February 6, 2006
Carnegie Mellon
Marc A. Portnoff Senior Scientist Email:
[email protected]
Center for
ADVANCED FUEL TECHNOLOGY
Oil Feed Stock Fatty Acid Composition Impacts Fuel Properties Fuel Property
Saturated
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated
0 double bonds
1 double bond
multiple double bonds
Freezing Point
High (-)
Medium
Low (+)
Cetane Number
High (+)
Medium
Low (-)
Oxidative Stability
High (+)
Medium
Low (-)
NOx Emissions
Reduction (+)
Medium Increase
Large Increase (-)
NREL, June 2004, Biomass Oil Analysis: Research Needs and Recommendations, NREL/TP-510-34796 13 Graboski et al., February 2003. The Effect of Biodiesel Composition on Engine Emissions from a DDC Series 60 Engine. NREL/SR-510-31461 and Kinast, J.A. March 2003. Production of Biodiesel from Multiple Feedstocks and Properties of Biodiesel and Biodiesel/Diesel Blends, NREL/SR-510-31460.
