Adjectives Using Proper Names

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__ personality disorder: proud and ...... Vishnu. Hindu god of preservation and protection. ˈvish-(ˌ)nü. ˈvīsh-nə-və .... resisted for societal and mental health.
The Greats of English Language Intellectual History: the Eponymous Adjective Word List, ranked averaged, normalized data from four mega-corpora: Ngram Viewer, COCA, BNC, and iWeb

Contents The 335 Most Frequent Eponymous Adjectives of Famous Figures………p. 2 Key Words in Context (quotes from books)…………………………………. p. 32 Advanced data………………………………………………………………….. p. 82 Glossary…………………….…………………………………………………… p. 96 appendix How the list was made………………………………………………………… p. 101 Mission statement……………………………………………………………….p. 105 Sources and Bibliography………………………………………………………p. 107

Introduction Everyone has a name. Few have an adjective. A person needs to have made quite an impact on the culture for writers to find it necessary to adjectivize their name. An eponymous adjective of a famous figure1 is an informationrich word that serves as a shorthand to those who are familiar with the essence of that figure’s thoughts, deeds, or creations. Most (76% in this study) eponymous adjectives were derived from the names of real human beings, usually posthumously. This suggests a principle role of these terms is to describe the legacy of highly influential people2. This influence can be quantified by the frequency in print of their eponymous adjective. Thus, this list is an attempt to characterize the most influential ideas that are circulated by writers in the English language3. Entries are grouped by lexeme and ranked by ‘usage factor,’ a linear metric which was converted from normalized data gathered from four mega-corpora: Google Books Ngram Viewer (NgV), iWeb: The 14 Billion Word Web Corpus, Corpus of

Contemporary American English (COCA), and British National Corpus (BNC). This is the first time all of the most-used eponymous adjectives have been compiled into a cross-disciplinary frequency-based ranking. While there are numerous partially complete dictionaries and compendia of eponyms which serve a narrower purpose such as medicine, law, economics, coffee table book, etc., none were found to have systematically measured word frequencies. The Eponymous Adjective Word List (EAWL) was putatively completed to the 335th rank after over 1,000 entries had been investigated for frequency, etymology, and adjectival properties. Some entries were excluded from the official 335 due to 1) low frequency, 2) not being derived from a figure (e.g. chronic is not actually derived from the deity Chronos), or 3) behaving like a noun adjunct (i.e. compound noun) rather than an 1

figure: human, divine being, mythological or fictional character, collective society, animal.

2

A critical drawback of this methodology is the near failure to dectect 1) women, 2) the fields of law and

medicine, and 3) non-Western civilizations like China, India, sub-Saharan Africa, and Indigenous America. See

Mission statement. 3

There are, of course, many other methods to do so; I make no claims of creating a definitive list. See Sources:

Lists / Commentaries on Eponyms, cf.‘Pantheon’. nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

adjective because it can only modify a handful of nouns (e.g. venereal is almost always connected to ‘disease’ or ‘infection’ so is not considered an adjective in this study). It must be acknowledged that surely some eponymous adjectives have been missed, particularly those with zero-derivation (i.e. no suffix as in Doppler or Meiji), which are difficult to detect. But I estimate the list is over 95% complete. See How the list was made and Advanced data.

1-100 | 101-200 | 201-335 | bonus | KWIC | data | glossary | appendix key

The Eponymous Adjectives of Famous Figures rank 1 (1) 671

adjective Christian

namesake Jesus Christ of Nazareth (c. 4 BC- c. 30 AD) Jewish religious founder

pronunciation

description

ˈkrīst ˈkris-chən

Christ is God and will return to redeem believers; all have eternal afterlife in heaven, hell, or purgatory

ˈmyüz ˈmyü-zi-kəl

rhythmic sounds arranged according to melodic scales, often combining human voice with instruments

| context | data |

2 (1) 342

musical

the Muses Greek goddesses of artistic inspiration

| context | data |

3 (1)

magic /

314

magical

4 (1)

romantic

188

(psy)

the Magi fl. c. 520-330 BC Persian Zoroastrian priests and scholars the Romans fl. 300s BC-400s AD ancient Italic peoples

ˈmā-ˌjī, ˈma-jik

ˈrō-mən rō-ˈman-tik

powers, words, or practices that appear to be supernatural or baffling | context | data |

relationships characterized by acts of love, or settings which enable loving feelings; __ comedy: movie/TV genre | context | data |

5 (1) 143

giant

the Giants (Gigantes) fl. c. 900s BC Greek mythological race

ˈjī-ənt (jī-ˈgan-tēz)

__ cell: 1 membrane w/ multiple nuclei; MISC: very large, esp. of nature, progress, or business | context | data |

6 (1) 130

Victorian

Queen Victoria (1819-1901) British monarch

__ era: 1837-1901 British global

vik-ˈtȯr-ē-ə vik-ˈtȯr-ē-ən

power was unchallenged; time of great technological change | context | data |

7 (1)

Marxist /

75.1

Marxian

Karl Marx (1818-1883) German political theorist and activist

ˈmärks ˈmärk-sist ˈmärk-sē-ən

history is class struggle—exploitative owners of capital vs. expendable workers—socialism is the resolution | context | data |

2 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank

adjective

8 (2)

Gothic /

69.4

gothic

9 (2) 59.9

martial

namesake the Goths fl. 400s-600s AD early Medieval Germanic peoples Mars Roman god of war

pronunciation

description

ˈgäth ˈgä-thik

pre-Renaissance style of art and architecture, often grand in stature; g__: esp. re: literature | context | data |

ˈmärz ˈmär-shəl

__ law: suspension of political rights by military; __ arts: e.g. karate, kung fu; related to war or aggression | context | data |

10 (2) 59.5

Buddhist

Gautama Buddha fl. c. 480 BC Indian religious founder

ˈbü-də ˈbü-dist

life is suffering and we should be detached from possessions; we reincarnate in new bodies after death | context | data |

11 (2) 57.5

12 (2) 57.2

lesbian

volcanic

Sappho of Lesbos (c. 630-c. 570 BC) Greek poet

ˈlez-ˌbäs ˈlez-bē-ən

Vulcan Roman god of fire

ˈvəl-kən väl-ˈka-nik

homosexual love among women | context | data |

movement of magma under and above earth’s surface; creation of new rocks; explosive or effusive eruptions | context | data | video |

13 (3) 50.4

14 (3) 48.0

erotic

diesel

Eros Greek god of love Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913) German inventor

ˈer-ˌäs i-ˈrä-tik

ˈdē-zəl

sexual, sensual desire or appeal | context | data |

__ engine: internal combustion based on air compression; esp. used in heavy-duty transport vehicles | context | data |

15 (2) 37.1

Ottoman

Sultan Osman I (?-c. 1324) Turkish imperial founder

ōs-ˈmän ˈä-tə-mən

__ Empire: 1299-1923, Islamic monarchy ruled from Turkey by a sultan or caliph | context | data |

16 (2) 35.0

17 (3) 30.4

gigantic

Lutheran

the Giants (Gigantes) fl. c. 900s BC Greek mythological race Martin Luther (1483-1546) German religious dissident

ˈjī-ənt (jī-ˈgan-tēz) jī-ˈgan-tik ˈlü-thər ˈlü-th(ə-)rən

very large in size or proportion, often either intimidating or awe-inspiring; esp. of people, character, actions | context | data |

individuals are free to interpret Bible w/o church leaders; reformation of Catholic church, start of Protestantism | context | data |

18 (3)

Romantic

30.1

(art)

the Romans fl. 300s BC-400s AD ancient Italic peoples

__ period: c. 1789-1848, great hope

ˈrō-mən rō-ˈman-tik

for social change; living passionately, esp. under idealized premises

ˈrō-ˌbä-tē rō-ˈbä-tik

mechanical process capable of doing complex or repetitive actions, usually computer programmable

| context | data |

19 (4) 26.5

robotic

20 (3)

barbarous /

25.2

barbaric

21 (4) 19.4

Keynesian

the roboti (1920) Czech Čapek's fictional organic-synthetic laborers the barbarians fl. c. 480 BC-c. 476 AD non-Greek speaking peoples from surrounding areas John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) English economist

| context | data |

bär-ˈber-ē-ən ˈbär-b(ə-)rəs

rough, uncultured behavior or language; savage and brutal physical or psychological attacks

ˈkānz ˈkān-zē-ən

economy led by private sector; government intervention is necessary during crises

| context | data |

| context | data |

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank 22 (4) 18.7

adjective Georgian

namesake Kings George I-IV r. 1714 to 1830 British monarchs

pronunciation

description __ house: architectural style

ˈjȯrj ˈjȯr-jən

developed for wealthy homeowners, DYN: 1714-1837, British period | context | data |

23 (4)

Jesuit

18.4

/ Jesuitical

24 (3) 18.1

Elizabethan

Jesus Christ of Nazareth (c. 4 BC- c. 30 AD) Jewish religious founder

ˈjē-zəs ˈje-zü-ət

Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) queen of England

i-ˈli-zə-bəth i-ˌli-zə-ˈbē-thən

Catholic order associated with global missionary network | context | data |

__ period: 1558-1603, golden age of

culture, exploration and expansion; ART: language-defining stage plays | context | data |

25 (1) 17.5

Gaussian

26 (5)

satanic /

17.4

Satanic

Carl F. Gauss (1777-1855) German mathematician

ˈgau̇ s ˈgau̇ -sē-ən

Satan figure in Abrahamic religions

ˈsā-tən sə-ˈta-nik

__ distribution: normal patterns of

statistical functions (bell curve) | context | data |

evil, providing temptation to turn away from the good; S__: following Satan | context | data |

27 (4) 16.2

Edwardian

King Edward VII (1841-1910) British monarch

__ period: 1901-1914, rapid embrace

ˈed-wərd e-ˈdwär-dē-ən

of the new, (ART) marked by aesthetic shifts in art and architecture

ˈbül ˈbü-lē-ən

using logic to optimize language and digital circuits; beg. logical AND, OR, NOT; __ algebra: beg. set theory

ˈfrȯid ˈfrȯi-dē-ən

start of psychoanalysis; sexuality is major driver of actions; __ slip: misspoken words that show true feeling

| context | data |

28 (2)

Boolean /

16.1

boolean

29 (4) 16.0

30 (1) 15.0

31 (3) 14.8

Freudian

Aristotelian

Cartesian

George Boole (1815-1864) English mathematician and logician Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Austrian psychologist and writer Aristotle (384-322 BC) Greek philosopher and biologist René Descartes (1596-1650) French polymath

| context | data | video |

| context | data |

ˈa-rə-ˌstä-təl a-rə-stə-ˈtēlyən

things have an intrinsic purpose; we are political animals; __ logic: beg. formalized deduction; not Platonic | context | data |

__ coordinate system: graphical model

dā-ˈkärt kär-ˈtē-zhən

of math; PHIL: mind-body dualism; “I think, therefore I am.” | context | data |

32 (6) 14.4

Franciscan

Francis of Assisi (c.1181-1226) Italian preacher

__ Order: (Greyfriars) dedicated to

ˈfran(t)-səs fran-ˈsis-kən

living in poverty, attempting to live like Jesus by sacrificing for others | context | data | video |

33 (5) 13.9

Darwinian

Charles Darwin (1809-1882) English naturalist

ˈdär-wən där-ˈwi-nē-ən

natural selection-induced evolution; __ fitness: best suited to pass on genes in present environment | context | data | video |

34 (5) 13.7

35 (2) 13.5

36 (6) 13.4

sadistic

Confucian

narcissistic

Marquis de Sade (1740-1814) French philosopher

də-ˈsäd sə-ˈdis-tik

Confucius (551-479 BC) Chinese philosopher and educator

kən-ˈfyü-shəs kən-ˈfyü-shən

Narcissus Greek half-god

när-ˈsi-səs ˌnär-sə-ˈsis-tik

prone to watch or enjoy others’ harm or abuse | context | data |

foundations of hierarchical meritocracy; filial piety: 1st duty is to obey parents; respect for authority | context | data |

__ personality disorder: proud and

self-obsessed, feeling above others | context | data | video |

4 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank 37 (6) 13.4

adjective Newtonian

namesake Isaac Newton (1642-1726) English polymath

pronunciation

description

ˈnü-tən nü-ˈtō-nē-ən

math-based branch of physics describing familiar laws of nature; pre-relativity, pre-quantum | context | data |

38 (7)

galvanized /

13.2

galvanic

39 (3) 12.9

40 (5) 12.7

hermeneutic / hermeneutical

Napoleonic

41 (4)

Platonic

12.7

(phil.)

42 (7) 12.4

Amish

Luigi Galvani (1737-1798) Italian physician and biologist Hermes Greek god of messages and trade

gal-ˈvä-nē ˈgal-və-ˌnīzd gal-ˈva-nik

__ed steel/metal: coating with zinc alloy to prevent rusting; __ic cell: ion

transfer-induced current battery | context | data |

ˈhər-(ˌ)mēz ˌhər-mə-ˈnü-tik

interpretation of messages; __ circle: examining each sentence/phrase as it relates to whole text; also REL | context | data |

Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821) French Emperor and commander Plato (c. 424-c. 347 BC) Greek philosopher and writer Jakob Ammann (1644-c. 1712) Swiss Christian leader

__ Wars: 1803-1815, France vs.

nə-ˈpōl-yən nə-ˌpō-lē-ˈä-nik

surrounding countries, supposedly for the Revolutionary cause

ˈplā-(ˌ)tō plə-ˈtä-nik

ideal forms exist independently from perceived ones; geometry and number can guide us; not Aristotelian

| context | data |

| context | data |

ä-ˈmän ˈä-mish

N. Am. community living in simplicity according to traditional Christian values; avoiding new technologies | context | data |

43 (3) 12.4

44 (4) 12.2

jumbo

Fourier

Jumbo (1861-1885) Sudanese African elephant at London Zoo Joseph Fourier (1768-1830) French mathematician

ˈjəm-(ˌ)bō

huge; extra-large physical size | context | data | video |

__ transform: technique to

ˈfu̇ r-ē-ˌā

decompose a wave into discrete component parts, sine and cosine | context | data |

45 (5) 12.1

Tudor

Owen Tudor (c. 1400-1461) Welsh courtier and dynastic founder

ˈtü-dər

Pan Greek god of the wild

ˈpan ˈpa-ni-kē

__ period: 1485-1603, England’s

emergence after the Wars of the Roses as a confident European power | context | data |

__c attack: overwhelming feeling of

46 (7)

panicky /

11.7

panicked

anxiety leading to extreme heartbeats and shortness of breath | context | data |

47 (6) 11.6

Stalinist

Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Russian leader

command economy: state-directed

ˈstä-lən ˈstä-lə-nist

communist economic activity; cult of personality raises leader’s status | context | data |

48 (8) 10.7

49 (5) 9.8

50 (5) 9.5

Doppler

Kantian

Shakespearean

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Christian Doppler (1803-1853) Austrian mathematician and physicist Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) German-Prussian philosopher William Shakespeare (1564-1616) English playwright

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

ˈdä-plər

__ shift: lengthening effect on waves which are moving away from the detector/observer | context | data |

the categorical imperative: we should

ˈkant ˈkan-tē-ən

act in a way that everyone could imitate; believing in moral certainties | context | data |

ˈshāk-ˌspir shāk-ˈspir-ē-ən

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

marking start of modern English literature, language, and individualism | context | data |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank 51 (7) 9.4

adjective draconian

namesake Draco (c.650-c. 600 BC) Greek lawgiver

pronunciation

description

ˈdrā-(ˌ)kō drā-ˈkō-nē-ən

unusually savage or severe punishment, reminiscent of the unenlightened past | context | data |

52 (9) 9.4

53 (4) 9.4

photovoltaic / voltaic

macabre

Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) Italian physicist The Holy Maccabees fl. c. 160 BC Jewish martyrs

ˈvōl-tə (ˌ)fō-tō-väl-ˈtāik ˈma-kə-(ˌ)bēz mə-ˈkäb

p__ cell: (a.k.a. solar cell) generating electric current via extraction of electrons from radiant energy | context | data |

dark or gruesome association with death, often in an ironic or off-color joke | context | data |

54 (8) 9.4

Dominican

Saint Dominic (1170-1221) Spanish priest

__ Order: (Blackfriars) dedicated to

ˈdä-mə-(ˌ)nik də-ˈmi-ni-kən

study and preaching; following Thomistic traditions | context | data |

__ed people: owned and controlled by

55 (8)

enslaved /

9.0

slavish

the Slavs Eastern European peoples

ˈsläv in-ˈslāvd

others; __ish imitation: unethical copy, esp. re: patents or copyright

ˈbe-nə-ˌdikt ˌbe-nə-ˈdik-tən

living simply and completely for God; __ Rule: set of guidelines for monks’ life, beg. Western monasticism

ˈbāz ˈbā-zē-ən

networks or approaches which identify variables’ probabilistic effects on one another

| context | data |

56 (9) 8.8

57 (5) 8.4

Benedictine

Bayesian

Benedict of Nursia (c. 480-543 AD) Italian Christian monk and theologian Thomas Bayes (c. 1701-1761) English statistician

| context | data |

| context | data |

58 (8) 8.4

59 (6) 8.3

Oedipal / oedipal

Hegelian

Oedipus Greek mythological king

ˈe-də-pəs ˈe-də-pəl

Georg W. F. Hegel (1770-1831) German philosopher

ˈhā-gəl hā-ˈgā-lē-ən

child’s (hidden) desire to replace their father and be with their mother | context | data | video |

__ dialectic: thesis vs. antithesis leads

to synthesis; history is a record of inevitable progress | context | data |

60 (6) 8.0

Minoan

Minos Cretean Greek mythological king

__ period: c. 3600-1400 BC, pre-

ˈmī-nəs mə-ˈnō-ən

Mycenaean / pre-Trojan War civilization based in Crete | context | data |

61 (9) 7.9

62 (7) 7.8

63 (10) 7.6

jovial

tsarist / Tsarist / czarist

Wesleyan

friendly and open-hearted; having a happy personality

Jupiter (Jove) Roman king of the gods

ˈjōv ˈjō-vē-əl

Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) Roman dictator

ˈsē-zər ˈzär-ist

__ Russia: 1721-1917 from Peter the Great to the October Revolution; autocratic leadership in Slavic states

ˈwes-lē ˈwes-lē-ən

Christian perfection comes via Bible study; anti-Calvinist; __ Methodism: evangelical branch of Anglican church

| context | data | video |

| context | data |

John Wesley (1703-1791) English theologian

| context | data |

__ struggle: a significant and brutal

64 (9) 7.6

titanic

the Titans Greek mythological figures

ˈtī-tən tī-ˈta-nik

battle between enemies; huge, gigantic | context | data |

65 (6) 7.6

Euclidean

Euclid of Alexandria fl. c. 300 BC Greek mathematician

__ geometry: basis (axioms) for

ˈyü-kləd yü-ˈkli-dē-ən

standard 3-D geometry and mathematical proof | context | data |

6 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank

adjective

66 (11)

Calvinist /

7.6

Calvinistic

namesake

pronunciation

John Calvin (1509-1564) French Christian dissident

ˈkal-vən ˈkal-və-nist

Gargantua fl. 1530s French Rabelais's fictional giant

gär-ˈgan(t)sh(ə-)wə gär-ˈgan-chəwən

description __ist Church: Protestant break from Catholocism; pre-destination: you are

either born Christian, or you are not | context | data |

67 (5) 7.6

68 (8) 7.5

gargantuan

Habsburg

Otto II, Count of Habsburg (?-1111)

ˈhaps-ˌbərg

huge; __ proportions: much larger than normal; __ task: very timeconsuming and difficult job | context | data |

empire; dynasty 1438-1740, Habsburgs reign as Holy Roman Emperors | context | data |

69 (9) 7.4

Mughal

the Mongols (c. 800 AD?-present) East-Central Asian peoples

__ Empire: 1526-1857, Persian-

män-ˈgōl-yən ˈmü-(ˌ)gəl

influenced Muslim dynasty; 2nd largest empire ever in subcontinent

ˈmər-kyə-rē mər-ˈkyu̇ r-ē-əl

moody, may become angry or passionate easily; ability to change or react quickly; of the element Hg

| context | data |

70 (10) 7.4

mercurial

Mercury Roman god of trickery and communication

| context | data |

71 (7) 7.1

72 (6) 6.9

Socratic

tantalizing

Socrates (c. 470-399 BC) Greek philosopher and teacher Tantalus Greek mythological figure

ˈsä-krə-ˌtēz sə-ˈkra-tik

beg. ‘true’ philosophy; __ method: finding answers via inquiry and acknowledgement of ignorance

ˈtan-tə-ləs ˈtan-tə-ˌlīz-ēŋ

desirable thing that may not be obtained; __ glimpse: observing just enough to become very interested

| context | data |

| context | data | video |

73 (10) 6.9

74 (10) 6.8

75 (6) 6.7

76 (10) 6.7

77 (11) 6.6

Fermi

Jacobite

bohemian

preColumbian / Pre-Columbian

Copernican

Enrico Fermi (1901-1954) Italian American physicist King James II (1633-1701) King of England, Scotland, and Ireland the Bohemians fl. c. 1550-c. 1918 Romani-Czech nomadic peoples Christopher Columbus (c. 1450-1506) Italian explorer

ˈfer-(ˌ)mē

demonstrating nuclear chain reaction; description of the weak force | context | data |

ˈjāmz ˈja-kə-ˌbīt

loyal to exiled son of James II; __ rebellion: uprising from Scotland against King George II in 1745 | context | data |

bō-ˈhē-mē-ən

living outside of the mainstream, esp. by having few possessions, moving often, or viewing life artistically | context | data |

kə-ˈlum-bəs kə-ˈlum-bē-ən

pre-__: Americas before 1492; C__ Exchange: of life and disease

between Americas and Eurasia | context | data |

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Polish astronomer

kō-ˈpər-ni-kəs kə-ˈpər-ni-kən

identification of heliocentrism; __ revolution: a rational-based new idea that changes people’s worldview

ˈhō-mər hō-ˈmer-ik

epic poetry of brave and clever heroes; of pre-Classical Greece and Trojan Wars

| context | data |

78 (7) 6.6

Homeric

Homer fl. c. 750 BC Greek epic poet and bard

| context | data |

79 (11) 6.4

Carolingian

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Charlemagne (c. 747-814) Frankish king

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

ˈshär-lə-ˌmān ˌka-rə-ˈlinj(ē-)ən

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

__ period: 800-888, rise to power of

the Franks and Holy Roman Empire; beg. post-Rome Western pol. system | context | data |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank 80 (11) 6.1

adjective Leninist

namesake Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) Russian revolutionary

pronunciation

description

ˈle-nən ˈle-nən-ist

temporary authoritarian socialist state is needed to foster perfected communist one | context | data |

81 (12) 6.0

82 (13) 5.7

83 (7) 5.7

Mosaic

Augustinian

Markov / Markovian

Moses fl. c. 1300 BC? Hebrew Egyptian religious prophet Augustine of Hippo (354-430 AD) N. African Christian theologian Andrey Markov (1856-1922) Russian mathematician

ˈmō-zəz mō-ˈzā-ik

__ covenant: God’s agreement with humans; __ law: ways to live in

accordance with Ten Commandments | context | data |

ˈȯ-gə-ˌstēn ˌȯ-gə-ˈsti-nē-ən

Christ and the Father are equal in the Trinity; ‘love, and do what you will’: love is basis of Christianity; PHIL | context | data |

__ process: statistical model that can

ˈmär-ˌkȯf mär-ˈkō-vē-ən

predict future based only on present behavior—info from past isn’t needed

ˈme-nō ˈme-nə-ˌnīt

leading Anabaptist Protestant tradition which advocates pacifism and seeks human perfectibility

| context | data |

84 (14) 5.7

85 (8) 5.5

86 (12) 5.5

Mennonite

algorithmic

Thatcherite

Menno Simons (1496-1561) Frisian priest and religious dissident Muḥammad al-Khwārizmī “Algoritmi” (c. 780-c. 850) Persian mathematician Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013) British Prime Minister

| context | data |

al-'xah-wɑː-rizmē (ˌal-gə-ˈrit-mē) ˌal-gə-ˈrith-mik ˈtha-chər ˈtha-chə-ˌrīt

setting up a system of instructions which allow for repeating certain steps as needed to solve a problem | context | data |

emphasizing individual responsibility in economic and social realms; leader of contemporary Conservatism | context | data |

87 (12) 5.4

Hubble

Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) US astronomer

ˈhə-bəl

__ expansion: generalized movement of the universe wherein observer appears to be at the center | context | data |

88 (9) 5.4

Lagrangian / Lagrange

Joseph L. Lagrange (1736-1813) Italian mathematician

lə-ˈgränj lə-ˈgrän-jē-ən

updating Newtonian mechanics by adding more math, making it easier to apply; not Eulerian method

ˈyu̇ ŋ ˈyu̇ ŋ-ē-ən

start of analytical psychology; collective unconsciousness: all cultures and epochs share key archetypes

| context | data |

89 (11) 5.4

Jungian

Carl Jung (1875-1961) German-Swiss psychiatrist

| context | data |

90 (12) 5.3

91 (12) 5.3

92 (13) 5.2

93 (13) 5.2

laconic

Jacobean

Maoist

Stuart

the Spartans “Lacedaemonians” fl. 600s-200s BC ancient Greeks King James I (1566-1625) King of England, Scotland and Ireland Mao Zedong (1893-1976) Chinese revolutionary leader Walter Stewart (?-1246), 3rd High Steward of Scotland

ˌla-sə-di-ˈmōnē-ən lə-ˈkä-nik

using short, direct and effective speech | context | data | video |

__ period: 1603-1625, seeds of British

ˈjāmz ˌja-kə-ˈbē-ən

Empire and Enlightenment; peak of canonical stage plays

ˈmau̇ ˈmau̇-ist

Great Leap Forward: transformation into Communist utopia; Cultural Revolution: uniformity of character

| context | data |

| context | data |

ˈstü-ərt

__ England: 1603-1714, tumultuous politics and religion; __ monarchs:

1371-1714, Scotland & Great Britain | context | data |

94 (10) 5.2

Pythagorean

Pythagoras fl. c. 500 BC Greek philosopher

pə-ˈtha-gə-rəs pə-ˌtha-gə-ˈrēən

__ theorem: equation for lengths of

sides of a right triangle (a2 + b2 = c2); mystical numerology, #3 is perfection | context | data |

8 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank

adjective

95 (8)

Dionysian /

5.1

Dionysiac

namesake Dionysus Greek god of wine and pleasure

pronunciation

description

dī-ə-ˈnī-səs dī-ə-ˈni-zhē-ən

content with disorder, not Apollonian; sensual and romantic; immersed in surroundings; REL: mystery cult | context | data | video |

96 (7) 5.0

97 (9) 4.9

spartan

Arthurian

the Spartans fl. 600s-200s BC ancient Greeks

ˈspär-tən

living well with few possessions while following strict and severe standards | context | data | video |

King Arthur fl. 500s AD legendary British leader

__ legend: brave knights go on quests

ˈär-thər är-ˈthu̇ r-ē-ən

for glory and love; Knights of the Round Table were fair and equal | context | data | video |

98 (13) 4.9

99 (8) 4.8

Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836-1895) Austrian writer

ˈmäz-ȯḵ ˌmas-ə-ˈkis-tik

mesmerizing / mesmeric

Franz Mesmer (1734-1815) German physician

ˈmez-mər ˈmez-mə-ˌrīz-ēŋ

Machiavellian

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) Italian political theorist

masochistic

prone to accept or even welcome harm or abuse | context | data |

being enchanted or captured by someone else’s charisma, esp. by their eyes or voice | context | data |

100 (14) 4.8

ˌma-kē-ə-ˈve-lē ˌma-kē-ə-ˈve-lēən

cunning or immoral tactic to gain power; stability of rule is priority for political leaders | context | data | video |

101-200 rank 101 (14) 4.8

adjective Meiji

namesake

pronunciation

Meiji (1852-1912) Japanese Emperor

description __ period: 1868-1912, return to world

ˈmā-(ˌ)jē

stage with rapid industrialization; start of modern Japanese empire | context | data |

102 (15) 4.7

103 (9) 4.7

104 (14) 4.7

Merovingian

tawdry

zany

105 (15)

christological

4.7

/ Christological

Merovech fl. c. 450 AD Frankish warlord

ˈmer-ȯ-vek ˌmer-ə-ˈvinj(ē-)ən

Saint Audrey (c.636-679 AD) Anglo-Saxon princess

ˌsānt ˈȯ-drē ˈtȯ-drē

the Zanni Italian comedic stage characters

ˈdzan-ni ˈzā-nē

Jesus Christ of Nazareth (c. 4 BC- c. 30 AD) Jewish religious founder

ˈkrīst ˌkris-tə-ˈlä-ji-kəl

__ kings and kingdom: c. 457-752,

post-Roman, proto-French dynasty in which Christianity flourished | context | data |

having a cheap and tasteless appearance; over-the-top fashion | context | data |

silly or funny in an unusual way; spontaneous and incongruous | context | data |

determining the essence of Jesus, esp. regarding Christ’s dual nature as human and God | context | data |

106 (11) 4.6

Poisson

Siméon D. Poisson (1781-1840) French mathematician

__ distribution: probability of

pwä-ˈsōⁿ-

occurrence of regular events within a given amount of time or space | context | data |

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank

adjective

107 (15)

herculean /

4.6

Herculean

108 (16) 4.5

quixotic

109 (17)

platonic

4.4

(psy.)

110 (16) 4.3

Pauline

namesake Hercules Roman half-god Don Quixote (1610s) Spanish Cervantes' fictional hero Plato (c. 424-c. 347 BC) Greek philosopher and writer Paul the Apostle (c. 5 A.D-c. 67 AD) Jewish apostle

pronunciation ˈhər-kyə-ˌlēz ˌhər-kyə-ˈlē-ən

kē-ˈhō-tē kwik-ˈsä-tik

description __ task: very difficult yet solvable;

having great strength | context | data | video |

idealistic or impractical in pursuit of a major goal | context | data |

__ love: non-sexual relationship that is

ˈplā-(ˌ)tō plə-ˈtä-nik

usually intimate in other ways; not romantic

ˈpȯl ˈpȯ-ˌlīn

Jesus as son of God is top Christian belief; __ epistles: letters that account for half of the New Testament

| context | data |

| context | data | video |

111 (15)

chauvinistic /

4.2

chauvinist

112 (18) 4.0

maudlin

Nicolas Chauvin fl. c. 1800 French semi-legendary patriot Mary Magdalene fl. c. 30 AD Galilean follower of Jesus

shō-ˈvaⁿ ˌshō-və-ˈnis-tik ˈshō-və-nist ˈmag-də-lən ˈmȯd-lən

deeply devoted to the cause of one’s own group at the expense of outside groups; nationalistic, bigoted | context | data | video |

emotionally fragile and sentimental, prone to crying, esp. because of alcohol | context | data |

113 (19) 3.9

Lacanian

Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) French psychoanalyst

lä-ˈkäⁿ lə-ˈkā-nē-ən

incorporating Freud into the postmodern; the unconscious is unknowable

ˈjōv ˈjō-vē-ən

related to the planet Jupiter in particular, or giant gaseous planets in general

| context | data | video |

114 (13) 3.8

Jovian

Jupiter (Jove) Roman king of the gods

| context | data |

115 (17) 3.8

Marian

Mother Mary (c. 18 BC-c. 48 AD) Jewish mother of Jesus

__ devotion: honoring of Mary with

ˈmer-ē ˈmer-ē-ən

rosary beads, recognition of apparitions, etc. esp. in Catholicism | context | data |

116 (16) 3.8

Tokugawa

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) Japanese shogun

__ period: 1603-1868, reunified stable

ˌtō-ku̇ -ˈgä-wə

central government; ‘closed country’ period of limited foreign interactions | context | data |

117 (16) 3.6

118 (20) 3.6

Gaullist

Weberian

Charles de Gaulle (1890-1970) French general and statesman Max Weber (1864-1920) German sociologist

dəˈ-gōl ˈgō-list

post-World War II French desire to have stability and order rather than romance; conservative political party

ˈvā-bər vā-ˈbir-ē-ən

beg. culturally based sociology; Protestant work ethic: Protestants drove capitalist development

| context | data |

| context | data | video |

119 (14) 3.6

120 (10) 3.5

121 (15) 3.5

hermetic (sci.)

Dickensian

Lorentz / Lorentzian

Hermes Trismegistus fl. c. 200 AD legendary Egyptian alchemist Charles Dickens (1812-1870) English writer and social critic Hendrik Lorentz (1853-1928) Dutch physicist

__ seal: closed or fixed cleanly and

ˈhər-(ˌ)mēz (ˌ)hər-ˈme-tik

airtight, esp. in engineering or medicine

ˈdi-kənz di-ˈken-zē-ən

filled with twisted contradictions, esp. re: economic or social injustice for poor people in cities

| context | data |

| context | data |

__ function: a.k.a. Lorentzian or

ˈlȯr-ˌen(t)s lȯr-ˈen-sē-ən

Cauchy distribution; describing shape of spectral lines | context | data |

10 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank 122 (18) 3.4

123 (10) 3.4

124 (11) 3.4

adjective Maronite

protean

Palladian

namesake

pronunciation

Maron (3xx-410 AD) Syrian Christian monk

ˈma-rən ˈma-rə-ˌnīt

Proteus Greek god of seas and rivers

ˈprō-tē-əs ˈprō-tē-ən

Andrea Palladio (1508-1580) Italian architect

pə-ˈlä-dē-ˌō pə-ˈlā-dē-ən

description __ Christians: Levant-based branch of

Eastern Catholic church | context | data |

having flexible capabilities or usage | context | data | video |

__ architecture: classic Renaissance

buildings structured to be simple and relaxing to inhabitants | context | data |

125 (16) 3.3

Hippocratic

Hippocrates of Kos (c. 460-c. 370 BC) Greek physician

__ Oath: physician’s pledge to do no

hi-ˈpä-krə-ˌtēz hi-pə-ˈkra-tik

harm; observation-based medicine, disease has natural causes (supernat.) | context | data |

126 (17) 3.2

127 (19) 3.2

pasteuri(z/s)ed / unpasteuri(z/s) ed / Pasteurian

Manichaean / Manichean

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) French chemist

pas-ˈtər ˌ ən- ˈpas-chəˌrīzd

Mani (c. 216-274 AD) Persian religious founder

p__ed: sterilizing products (esp. milk)

with heat for healthier consumption | context | data |

ˈma-nē ˌma-nə-ˈkē-ən

we have pure souls, but all matter is evil; reformation of Zoroastrianism and Christianity

ˈväg-nər väg-ˈnir-ē-ən

large-scale production of epic proportions; __ opera: ‘total artwork’ of coordinated music and content

| context | data |

128 (12) 3.1

Wagnerian

Richard Wagner (1813-1883) German composer

| context | data |

129 (18) 3.1

130 (8) 3.1

Mendelian

Nietzschean

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Austrian scientist Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) German philosopher

ˈmen-dəl men-ˈdē-lē-ən

mixed genetic inheritance of physical traits from both parents | context | data | video |

ˈnē-chə ˈnē -chē-ən

morality is relative, changing with eras ; __ superman: mentally or behaviorally overcoming average | context | data | video |

131 (19) 3.1

Cyrillic

Saint Cyril (c. 826-869) Greek missionary

__ script / __ alphabet: writing system

ˈsir-əl sə-ˈri-lik

used by many Slavic and neighboring languages

ˈplā-(ˌ)tō ˌnē-ō-plə-ˈtänik ˈplā-tə-nist

__ philosopher(s): fl. c. 200 BC-c. 300 AD, blended classic Platonic and Aristotelian philosophies

| context | data |

132 (9) 3.0

133 (12) 3.0

Neoplatonic / Platonist / Neoplatonist

Riemann / Riemannian

Plato (c. 424-c. 347 BC) Greek philosopher and writer Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866) German mathematician

| context | data |

__ geometry: describing curved

ˈrē-ˌmän rē-ˈmä-nē-ən

surfaces, or manifolds, beyond 3D Euclidean space; seeds of relativity | context | data |

134 (17) 3.0

Augustan

Caesar Augustus (63 BC-14 AD) first Roman Emperor

__ age: 27 BC-14 AD, transition from

ȯ-ˈgus-təs ȯ-ˈgus-tən

Roman Republic to Empire; ART: 1720-1745, style of English poetry

pā-ˈrōn pā-ˈrō-nist

labor-led movement that has at different periods been alternately Marxist, nationalist, and fascist

| context | data |

135 (17) 3.0

Peronist

Juan Perón (1895-1974) Argentine President

| context | data |

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank 136 (18) 2.9

adjective Angevin

namesake Geoffrey V Plantagenet (1113 – 1151) French Count of Anjou

pronunciation

description __ empire: 1154-1216, France &

ˈan-ˌjü ˈan-jə-vən

England-based state ruled by English kings Henry II, Richard I, and John | context | data |

137 (20) 2.9

Boltzmann

Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906) Austrian physicist

ˈbōlts-män

description of statistical mechanics wherein atomic properties affect macro properties | context | data |

138 (18) 2.9

139 (21) 2.9

140 (19) 2.9

Jeffersonian

Hamiltonian

Hanoverian

141 (22)

Gregorian

2.9

(sci)

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) U.S. Founding Father and President William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) Irish physicist and mathematician George (1582-1641) Duke of BrunswickLuneburg Gregory XIII (1502-1585) Italian pope

ˈje-fər-sən ˌje-fər-ˈsō-nēən ˈha-məl-tən ˌha-məl-ˈtō-nēən

__ democracy: balance btw. state and

federal political influence; idealizing ‘the common man’; not Federalist | context | data |

__ system: total energy of a system; __ matrix: bridging Newtonian and

quantum mechanics and maths | context | data |

__ dynasty: 1714-1901, Protestant

ˈha-ˌnō-vər ˌha-nə-ˈvir-ē-ən

branch of Stuarts who accomplished assembly of Great Britain | context | data |

__ calendar: adjusted Julian calendar,

ˈgre-g(ə-)rē gri-ˈgȯr-ē-ən

used for business in most of the world since the 1600 and 1700s | context | data |

142 (19) 2.8

143 (13) 2.8

Pareto

Orwellian

Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) Italian economist and engineer George Orwell (1903-1950) English writer

pə-ˈrā-(ˌ)tō

__ optimal: point at which player/competitor cannot improve w/o loss to counterpart | context | data |

ˈȯr-ˌwel ȯr-ˈwe-lē-ən

far-reaching political regulation and misinformation; non-ironic use of language opposite of true meaning | context | data |

144 (13) 2.8

Laplacian / Laplace

Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827) French mathematician

__ operator: ∇·∇, function Δf(x,y),

lə-ˈpläs lə-ˈplä-shē-ən

describes divergence of gradients; useful for gravity, fluids, heat, waves | context | data |

145 (11) 2.8

146 (20) 2.8

ritzy

Fabian

César Ritz (1850-1918) German Swiss hotelier

ˈrits ˈrit-sē

Fabius Maximus Cunctator (c. 280-203 BC) Roman general

ˈfā-bē-əs ˈfā-bē-ən

employing a patient, even selfharming strategy for victory; __ Society: British socialist political group

ˈtä-məs ˈtō-mis-tic

blending Aristotle’s and the church fathers’ views; official theological base of Catholic Church

extremely fancy; posh | context | data |

| context | data |

147 (10)

Thomistic /

2.7

Thomist

148 (14)

Gregorian

2.7

(art)

149 (21)

Trotskyist /

2.7

Trotskyite

Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Italian theologian and philosopher Gregory I the Great (c. 540-604) Italian pope Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) Russian revolutionary

| context | data |

ˈgre-g(ə-)rē gri-ˈgȯr-ē-ən

__ chant: monophonic hymns from a

large choir | context | data |

ˈträt-skē ˈträt-skē-ist

anti-Stalinist ideological Soviet government in exile; __ groups: int’l factions for global socialist solidarity

ˈmal-thəs mal-ˈthü-zhən

catastrophic view of overpopulation: too many people, too little food; seeds of eugenics movement

| context | data |

150 (22) 2.7

Malthusian

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) English political economist

| context | data |

12 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank 151 (23) 2.7

adjective Hobbesian

namesake Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) English political philosopher

pronunciation

description

ˈhäbz ˈhäb-zē-ən

the natural state of life is nasty, brutish and short – people need strong governance to live together | context | data | video |

152 (20) 2.7

Arian

Arius (256-336 AD) Libyan Christian theologian

__ doctrine: Christian heresy wherein

ˈer-ē-əs ˈa-rē-ən

Jesus is above humans, yet unequal to God the Father

ˈra-fē-əl prē-ˈra-fē-ə-ˌlīt

against Renaissance-style art in favor of Romantic; __ Brotherhood: organization to promote these ideals

| context | data |

153 (15) 2.6

PreRaphaelite

Raphael (1483-1520) Italian painter

| context | data |

154 (23)

Ptolemaic

2.6

(sci.)

155 (21) 2.5

Johannine

Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100-c. 170 AD) Egyptian astronomer and geographer John the Evangelist fl. c. 30-90 AD Greek disciple of Jesus

__ system: dominant pre-Copernican

ˈtä-lə-mē tä-lə-ˈmā-ik

geocentric astronomical model full of complicated epicycles

ˈjän jō-ˈha-ˌnīn

tradition based on Jesus’ teachings emphasizing God’s gift to people in the form of the Son, who is also God

| context | data |

| context | data | video |

156 (21) 2.5

Rorschach

Hermann Rorschach (1884-1922) German-Swiss psychiatrist

__ test: inkblots shown to clinical

ˈrȯr-ˌshäk

patients to elicit responses for psychological evaluation | context | data |

157 (24) 2.5

158 (25) 2.5

159 (11) 2.5

Galilean

Dirac

Lockean

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Italian astronomer and physicist Paul Dirac (1902-1984) English theoretical physicist John Locke (1632-1704) English philosopher

ga-lə-ˈlē-ō ga-lə-ˈlē-ən

__ satellites: 4 largest moons of Jupiter; __ transformation: vector

arithmetic in Newtonian spacetime | context | data |

di-ˈrak

helping match relativity with quantum physics | context | data |

the blank slate: we are born with no

ˈläk ˈlä-kē-ən

knowledge—all thoughts come from experience; beg. empiricism | context | data |

160 (26) 2.4

Julian

Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) Roman dictator and general

ˈjül-yəs ˈjül-yən

__ calendar: adjusted to better synchronize seasons with months—in use for 1500 years | context | data | video |

161 (22) 2.4

162 (24) 2.4

Zoroastrian

Fordist

Zarathustra “Zoroaster” fl. c. 1300 BC? Iranian religious prophet Henry Ford (1863-1947) US auto manufacturer

ˌzɑr-ə-ˈthu-strə (ˈzōr-ə-ˌas-tər) ˌzȯr-ə-ˈas-trēən

__ religion: oldest extant monotheistic

religion; we have free will and must decide to be Good to enter heaven | context | data |

ˈfȯrd ˈfȯr-dist

regime of systematized mass production, breaking with past eras of slow manufacturing models

ˈgän-dē ˈgän-dē-ən

commitment to non-violent civil disobedience; peace is first tool of diplomacy; (and PHIL)

| context | data |

163 (25) 2.3

Gandhian

Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) Indian independence leader

| context | data |

164 (22) 2.3

Faustian

Dr. Faust fl. c. 1600 German scholar from folklore

__ bargain: a deal or compromise

ˈfau̇ st ˈfau̇ -stē-ən

whose great benefits don’t outweigh great future costs (e.g. one’s soul) | context | data |

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank 165 (26) 2.3

adjective Jacksonian

namesake Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) U.S. President and general

pronunciation

description __ democracy: distributing more

ˈjak-sən ˌjak-ˈsō-nē-ən

political and economic power across geographical and income divides

kī-ˈmir-ə kī-ˈmer-ik

a lab-grown biological entity with genetic material sourced from more than one species

| context | data |

166 (27) 2.2

chimeric

the Chimera Greek mythological monster

| context | data |

167 (20) 2.2

Hashemite

168 (23)

Christlike /

2.2

Christ-like

Hashim ibn Abd Manaf (c. 464-497 AD) Arabic great-grandfather of Muhammad Jesus Christ of Nazareth (c. 4 BC- c. 30 AD) Jewish religious founder

ˈhä-shēm ˈha-shə-ˌmīt

__ regime: 1916-present, Jordanbased ruling family; __ dynasty:

Abbasid era to WW1 sharifs of Mecca | context | data |

ˈkrīst ˈkrīst-ˌlīk

possessing qualities of the messiah or savior; being extraordinarily kind or generous | context | data |

169 (23) 2.2

170 (14) 2.1

Piagetian

Fibonacci

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Swiss psychologist Fibonacci (c. 1175-c. 1250) Italian mathematician

pyä-ˈzhā ˌpē-ə-ˈje-tē-ən / pyä-ˈzhā-ən

children learn in stages; __ tasks: tests given to a child to chart developmental progress | context | data |

__ numbers: series in which successor

ˌfē-bə-ˈnä-chē-

equals sum of previous two predecessors: 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 35 … | context | data |

171 (24) 2.1

172 (28) 2.1

173 (21) 2.0

Mohammedan / Muhammadan

Planck

Yorkist

the Prophet Mohammed (c. 570-632 AD) Arabian religious founder Max Planck (1858-1947) German theoretical physicist Edmund of Langley (1341-1402) 1st Duke of York

mō-ˈha-məd mō-ˈha-mə-dən

ˈpläŋk

anachronistic or offensive equivalent of Muslim; the age of Mohammed | context | data |

__ scale: the minimum limits of energy, time, and length on which current theories of physics operate | context | data |

__ kings: 1461-1485, 3 English royal

ˈyȯrk ˈyȯr-kist

winners of War of Roses, but enders of medieval period at Bosworth

ˈē-ə-ləs ē-ˈō-lē-ən

producing wind-shaped geology and landscape; A__ harp: stringed instrument played by the wind

| context | data |

174 (29) 2.0

175 (25) 2.0

176 (26) 2.0

eolian / Aeolian / aeolian

Hermetic (rel.)

Davidic

Aeolus Greek ruler of the winds

| context | data |

Hermes Trismegistus fl. c. 200 AD legendary Egyptian alchemist King David (c. 1040-c. 970 BC) Isreali leader

__ Tradition: uncovering ancient

ˈhər-(ˌ)mēz (ˌ)hər-ˈme-tik

secrets through alchemy and analyzing mystical texts | context | data |

__ dynasty / __ line: genealogy of

ˈdā-vəd də-ˈvi-dik

David’s descendants to Jesus, per biblical prophecy (also DYN) | context | data |

177 (30)

ohmic /

2.0

Ohmic

Georg Ohm (1789-1854) German physicist

__ contact: junction between esp.

ˈōm ˈō-mik

metal and semiconductor that facilitates low-resistance charge flow

ˈpär-thē-ə ˈpär-thē-ən

__ empire: 247 BC-224 AD, aka Arsacid empire, Persian state between Rome and Han China

| context | data |

178 (22) 2.0

Parthian

Arsaces I of Parthia (fl. c. 250 BC) Iranian dynastic founder

| context | data |

179 (27) 1.9

Bahai / Baha’i

Bahá'u'lláh (1817-1892) Iranian religious founder

bä-ˈhä-u̇ -ˈlä bä-ˈhä-ˌē

syncretic faith that draws upon multiple Iranian and Abrahamic traditions | context | data |

14 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank 180 (27) 1.8

adjective Fenian

namesake

pronunciation

the Fianna Irish legendary bands of warriors

description __ movement: late 1800s

ˈfē-ə-nə ˈfē-nē-ən

independence society for Irish freedom from England | context | data |

181 (15) 1.8

182 (31) 1.8

Eulerian / Euler

Pavlovian

Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) German-Swiss mathematician Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Russian physiologist

ˈȯi-lər ȯi-ˈler-ē-ən

dividing problems into small or infinitesimal pieces; observing fluid in a specific space—not Lagrangian

ˈpäv-ˌlȯf pav-ˈlȯ-vē-ən

__ conditioning: involuntary physiological response caused by experience, not true stimulus

| context | data |

| context | data |

183 (23) 1.8

184 (12) 1.8

Abbasid

philistine

185 (24)

Ptolemaic

1.8

(dyn.)

186 (25)

Sasanian /

1.7

Sassanian

Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd alMuttalib (c. 568-c. 653 AD) Arabic uncle of Muhammad the Philistines fl. c. 1150-700 BC ancient southern Levant peoples Ptolemy I Soter (c. 367-c. 283 BC) Greek-Egyptian pharoah and general Sasan fl. c. 200 AD Persian Zoroastrian priest

__ caliphate: 750-1258, Golden Age of

al-ˈə-bus ə-ˈba-səd

Islam with thriving philosophy and science; new city, Baghdad, as capital | context | data |

ˈfi-lə-ˌstēn

(offensive) unwise and uninterested in learning | context | data |

__ period: 305-30 BC, Hellenistic Egypt

ˈtä-lə-mē tä-lə-ˈmā-ik

between Alexander and Caesar; center of great learning | context | data |

__ Empire: 224-651, last pre-Islamic

ˈsä-sän sə-ˈsā-nē-ən

empire based around Persia; period of scientific and artistic flourishing

ˌe-pi-ˈkyu̇ r-əs ˌe-pi-kyu̇ -ˈrē-ən

reducing fear of death via pleasure & friendship; materialistic and atomist view of nature

| context | data |

187 (12)

Epicurean

1.7

(phil)

Epicurus (341-270 BC) Greek philosopher

| context | data |

188 (13) 1.7

189 (28) 1.7

Foucauldian

Ricardian

Michel Foucault (1926-1984) French philosopher and historian David Ricardo (1772-1823) British economist

fü-ˈkō fü-ˈkō-dē-ən

mistrust of authority, including authority of tradition; discourse changes with historical eras | context | data| video |

comparative advantage: specializing in

ri-ˈkär-(ˌ)dō ri-ˈkär-dē-ən

and trading one’s strong point is most beneficial for all | context | data |

190 (26) 1.7

Lancastrian

John of Gaunt (1340-1399) 1st Duke of Lancaster

__ kings: 1399-1461 & 1470-1, Henry

ˈlan-kə-stər lan-ˈka-strē-ən

IV, V, & VI, dynamic era of 100 Years’ War and loss of War of the Roses | context | data |

191 (29) 1.7

Zapatista

Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919) Mexican revolutionary

sä-ˈpä-tä ˌzä-pəˈtē-stə

resisting federal authority in the name of indigenous rights; protecting the local from harmful globalization

ˈȯr-ˌfyüs ˈȯr-fik

using music to transcend everyday life; going to underworld and returning to earth (also ART)

| context | data |

192 (28) 1.6

Orphic

Orpheus Greek mythological musician

| context | data |

193 (30) 1.6

Wilsonian

Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) U.S. President and academic

__ idealism: all nations can work

ˈwil-sən wil-ˈsō-nē-ən

together for mutual benefit, esp. under American-style capitalism | context | data |

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank 194 (27) 1.6

adjective Plantagenet

namesake

pronunciation

Geoffrey Plantagenet V (1113-1151) Count of Anjou

description __ dynasty: 1154-1485, development

plan-ˈta-jə-nət

of English identity, establishment of parliament | context | data |

195 (28) 1.6

Umayyad

Umayya ibn Abd Shams fl. c. 600 AD Arabic dynastic founder

__ dynasty: 661-750, 2nd Islamic

ü-ˈmī-ya ü-ˈmī-əd

caliphate, based in Damascus; time of conquest yet religious toleration | context | data |

196 (29) 1.6

197 (32) 1.6

198 (13) 1.5

199 (16) 1.5

Capetian

Hugh Capet (c. 941-996) Frankish king

ˈkā-pət kā-ˈpē-shən

__ dynasty: 987-1328, establishment of modern French state | context | data |

Coulomb

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806), French engineer and physicist

ˈkü-ˌläm

chimerical

the Chimera Greek mythological monster

kī-ˈmir-ə kī-ˈmer-i-kəl

Promethean

Prometheus Greek mythological Titan

prə-ˈmē-thē-əs prə-ˈmē-thē-ən

sacrificial love of humanity; __ fire: using technology to spread knowledge or power

Wahhabi

Muhammad ibn ʿAbd alWahhab (1703-1792) Arabic religious founder

wə-ˈhäb wə-ˈhä-bē

controversial/offensive term for the uncompromising Salafist Islam practiced in and around Saudi Arabia

description of physics of stress | context | data |

fantastical ideas or notions fueled from multiple imaginary sources | context | data |

| context | data | video |

200 (29) 1.5

| context | data |

1-100 | 101-200 | 201-335 | bonus | KWIC | data | glossary | appendix

201-335 rank 201 (31) 1.5

adjective Kemalist

namesake Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) Turkish Republic founder

pronunciation

description

ke-ˈmäl ke-ˈmäl-ist

creation of identity of modern secular democratic Turkey; partially an evolution of Tanzimat reforms | context | data |

202 (30) 1.5

Abrahamic

Abraham fl. c. 2000 BC? patriarch of 3 religions

ˈā-brə-ˌham ā-brə-ˈham-ik

traditional base of 3 monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) with which God has made a covenant

sō-ˈsuer sō-ˈsu̇ r-ē-ən

development of modern linguistics and semiotics, wherein we communicate via arbitrary signs

ˈras tə-ˈfär-ē ˌras-tə-ˈfär-ē-ən

__ movement: Jamaica-based religion with Selassie as spiritual head; focus on pan-African unity

| context | data |

203 (14)

Saussurean /

1.5

Saussurian

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) French-Swiss linguist

| context | data |

204 (31) 1.5

Rastafarian

Ras Tafari (Haile Selassie I) (1892-1975) Emperor of Ethiopia

| context | data |

205 (16) 1.5

Turing

Alan Turing (1912-1954) English computer scientist

ˈtu̇ r-iŋ

__ machine: model of computation; Church-Turing thesis: all computations

can be done on a T. machine | context | data |

16 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank 206 (33) 1.5

adjective aphrodisiac

namesake Aphrodite Greek goddess of love and procreation

pronunciation

description

ˌa-frə-ˈdī-tē ˌa-frə-ˈdē-zē-ˌak

using a substance or food to increase sexual desire via sensual, biochemical, or cognitive stimulation | context | data |

207 (30) 1.5

208 (32) 1.5

209 (17) 1.4

Mamluk

Rosicrucian

Brechtian

the Mamluks multi-ethnic high-ranking slaves in the Islamicate world Christian Rosenkreuz fl. c. 1400 legendary German mystic and religious founder Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) German theater director

ˈmam-ˌlük

__ sultans: 1250-1517, Turkish and Circassian rulers of Cairo-based Dynasty | context | data |

__ Order: esoteric spiritual movement

ˌrō-zən-ˈkrüz ˌrō-zə-ˈkrü-shən

with ideological roots in Hermeticism, Christianity, and ancient Egypt | context | data |

__ theatre: avant-garde stage that

ˈbrekt ˈbrek-tē-ən

allows actors to break character and 4th wall; critical of upper-class culture | context | data |

210 (34)

parkinsonian

1.4

/ Parkinsonian

211 (31) 1.4

212 (35) 1.4

213 (32) 1.4

214 (33) 1.4

Achaemenid / Achaemenian

hermaphroditic

Seleucid

Nestorian

James Parkinson (1755-1824) English surgeon and polymath Achaemenes (c. 705-c. 675 BC) Persian dynastic founder

ˈpär-kən-sən ˌpär-kən-ˈsōnē-ən

clinical syndrome with tremors, shaking, and other losses of motion control brought on by various causes | context | data |

__ period: 550-330 BC, First Persian

ə-ˈkē-mə-nēz ə-ˈkē-mə-nəd

Empire; largest regional empire until Alexander’s | context | data |

Hermaphroditus Greek child of Hermes and Aphrodite Seleucus I Nicator (c.358-281 BC) Macedonian imperial founder Nestorius (c.386-450 AD) Syrian priest

(ˌ)hər-ˌma-frəˈdī-təs (ˌ)hər-ˌma-frəˈdi-tik

one organism having both m. and f. sex organs, esp. in plants and invertebrates | context | data |

__ kingdom: 312-63 BC, post-

sə-ˈlü-kəs sə-ˈlü-səd

Alexander Hellenistic kingdom based around Persia/Iran

ˈnes-tər ne-ˈstȯr-ē-ən

Jesus has dual natures of god & human, so Mary isn’t God’s mother; __ heresy: split of Eastern church, 431

| context | data |

| context | data |

215 (33) 1.3

Pahlavi

Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878-1944) Iranian shah

ˈpa-lə-(ˌ)vē

__ dynasty: 1925-1979, final royal house of Iran, secular and generally friendly to the West | context | data |

216 (34) 1.3

217 (36) 1.3

218 (35) 1.3

Arminian

Lamarckian

Lukan / Lucan

Jacobus Arminius (1560-1609) Dutch theologian

är-ˈmi-nē-əs är-ˈmi-nē-ən

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) French naturalist

lə-ˈmärk lə-ˈmär-kē-ən

Luke the Evangelist fl. c. 40 AD Syrian disciple of Jesus

ˈlük ˈlü-kən

re-working of Calvinist doctrine | context | data |

pre-Darwinian evolution – habitual behavior leads to inherited adaptation; precursor to epigenetics? | context | data | video | narrative of Jesus’ teachings which emphasizes Jerusalem’s importance as a religious capital | context | data |

219 (15) 1.3

Heideggerian

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) German philosopher

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

ˈhī-ˌde-gər ˌhī-di-ˈger-ē-ən

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

rejection of phenomenology in favor of the examination of being | context | data |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank 221 (37) 1.3

adjective von Neumann

222 (37)

Markan /

1.3

Marcan

namesake John von Neumann (1903-1957) Hungarian-US mathematician and physicist Mark the Evangelist (?-c. 68 AD) Libyan disciple of Jesus

pronunciation vän-ˈnȯi-ˌmän

description __ architecture: general design of current computers, with input-CPUoutput | context | data |

__ priority: the Gospel of Mark, not

ˈmärk ˈmär-kən

Matthew, was written first and sourced by the others | context | data |

223 (18) 1.2

224 (19) 1.2

225 (16) 1.2

Apollonian

Petrarchan

Humean

Apollo Greek and Roman god of light Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) (1304-1374) Italian poet David Hume (1711-1776) Scottish philosopher

ə-ˈpä-lō a-pə-ˈlō-nē-ən

desire to describe and create order; being individuated; not Dionysian | context | data | video |

ˈpē-ˌträrk pē-ˈträr-kən

stylistic height of Classical Italian language marking end to ‘Dark Ages’; sonnets that inspired Shakespeare

ˈhyüm ˈ(h)yü-mē-ən

skeptical that we can have true knowledge b/c causation can’t be seen, only inferred; radical empiricism

| context | data |

| context | data |

226 (32) 1.2

227 (33) 1.2

228 (20)

Francoist

Maccabean

Bacchic /

1.2

Bacchanalian / bacchanalian

229 (21)

Virgilian /

1.2

Vergilian

Francisco Franco (1892-1975) Spanish ruler Judas Maccabeus and brothers (?-160 BC) Jewish rebels Bacchus Roman version of Dionysus, god of wine and pleasure Virgil (70-19 BC) Roman poet and writer

ˈfräŋ-(ˌ)kōˈ fraŋ-kō-ə̇st

ˈma-kə-(ˌ)bē ˌma-kə-ˈbē-ən

__ regime: 1939-1975, authoritarian

one-party state | context | data |

period of revolt against Hellenistic Seleucid rule that led to the return of independent Jewish Hasmonean rule | context | data |

ˈbä-kəs ˈbä-kik

ˈvər-jəl (ˌ)vər-ˈji-lē-ən

mystery cult associated with revelry and orgies | context | data |

mythological founding of Rome after Trojan War; post-Homeric myth; archetypal pastoral poetry | context | data |

230 (38) 1.2

231 (34) 1.2

232 (38) 1.2

233 (22) 1.2

Ignatian

Cromwellian

Baconian

Horatian

Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) Spanish Basque priest and saint Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) rebel or Thomas Cromwell, d. 1540 royal advisor to Henry VIII Francis Bacon (1561-1626) English polymath and politician Horace (65-8 BC) Roman poet

__ spirituality: exercise- and practice-

ig-ˈnā-sh(ē-)əs ig-ˈnā-sh(ē-)ən

based theology associated with the Jesuit order | context | data |

regime: 1650-1660, England-based

ˈkräm-ˌwel kräm-ˈwe-lē-ən

post-conquest rulers of Ireland where Protestants gained advantage

ˈbā-kən bā-ˈkō-nē-ən

beg. scientific method: experimenting via observation, data collection, induction; experience over tradition

| context | data |

| context | data |

ˈhȯr-əs hə-ˈrā-shən

__ Ode: short lyric poem, usually in praise of a person, creature, or phenomenon | context | data |

234 (39) 1.2

Zeeman

Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943) Dutch physicist

ˈzā-ˌmän

__ effect: splitting spectral lines into component parts within a magnetic field, as in spectroscopy and MRI | context | data |

235 (14) 1.1

stentorian

Stentor (c. 750 BC) Homeric Greek warrior

ˈsten-ˌtȯr sten-ˈtȯr-ē-ən

having a powerful tool of a voice— alternatively good or bad per circumstance, e.g. music or politics | context | data |

18 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank 236 (35) 1.1

237 (24) 1.1

adjective Walrasian

Durkheimian

namesake

pronunciation

Léon Walras (1834-1910) French mathematical economist Émile Durkheim (1858-1917) French sociologist

description general equilibrium theory: supply and

väl-ˈrä väl-ˈrä-zē-ən

demand balance across an entire economy; amoral math-based econ.

du̇ r-ˈkem du̇ r-ˈke-mē-ən

collective consciousness: shared set of beliefs within a community; social facts: empirical basis for sociology

| context | data |

| context | data |

238 (39) 1.1

239 (40) 1.1

240 (23) 1.1

241 (24) 1.0

Adamic

Linnaean

Wordsworthian

Byronic

Adam fl. c. 4000 BC? first human in Abrahamic religions Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish botanist William Wordsworth (1770-1850) English poet Lord Byron (1788-1824) English poet

ˈa-dəm ə-ˈda-mik

original nature of human psychology, language, and relations with animals | context | data |

__ classification system: every life form

lə-ˈnē-əs lə-ˈnē-ən ˈwərdz-(ˌ)wərth ˌwərdz-ˈwərthē-ən

has a two-word Latin-based name, e.g. Homo sapiens | context | data | video | intellectual comfort in nature | context | data |

__ hero: moody and malleable

ˈbī-rən bī-ˈrä-nik

personality aligned with bravery; archetypical Romantic figure | context | data |

242 (17)

Abelian /

1.0

abelian

Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829) Norwegian mathematician

A__ group: abstract algebraic set that

ˈā-bəl ə-ˈbē-lē-ən

preserves commutativity of elements as well as other 4 group axioms | context | data |

243 (34) 1.0

Safavid

Safi-ad-din Ardabili (1252-1334) Kurdish religious leader

__ dynasty: 1501-1736, Persia/Iran-

ˈsä-fē-äd-dēn sä-ˈfä-wēd

based empire during which Shia Islam became the state religion | context | data |

244 (35) 1.0

245 (18) 1.0

246 (17) 1.0

Flavian

Cauchy

Derridean

Titus Flavius Vespasianus (Vespasian) (9-79 AD) Roman emperor Augustin Cauchy (1789-1857) French mathematician Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) French philosopher

ve-ˈspāzh(ē-)ən ˈflā-vē-ən

kō-ˈshē

__ dynasty: 69-96 AD, stabilizing,

securing, and expanding the empire | context | data |

proof of calculus; initial development of wave functions | context | data |

__ deconstruction: re-analyzing words

ˈde-rē-dä ˌde-ri-ˈdē-ən

and their pscychological power; skeptical of authorities’ mandate | context | data | video |

247 (19) 1.0

Nash

247.5 (39.5)

Petrine (rel)

1.0

248 (25) 1.0

John F. Nash (1928-2015) US mathematician and economist Peter fl. 30-60 AD Christian saint

__ equilibrium: the end-state of a

game within game theory where all players optimize personal outcome

ˈnash

| context | data |

__ ministry: recognition of Peter and

ˈpē-tər ˈpē-ˌtrīn

his church as preeminent among the Apostles | context | data |

Emersonian

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) U.S. poet and writer

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

ˈe-mər-sən ˌe-mər-ˈsō-nēən

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

transcendentalist and self-reliant, we can find our peace through nature; ‘typical’ American directness | context | data |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank

adjective

249 (18)

Chomskyan /

1.0

Chomskian

250 (26) 1.0

251 (19) 0.99

252 (36) 0.99

Kafkaesque

Wittgensteinian

Luddite

253 (36)

Mauryan /

0.98

Maurya

254 (20) 0.98

255 (37) 0.98

Archimedean

Atonine

256 (25)

epicurean

0.98

(psy)

namesake Noam Chomsky (1928- ) US linguist and political activist Franz Kafka (1883-1924) German-Czech author Ludwig Wittgenstein (18891951) Austrian-British philosopher Ned Ludd (fl. 1779) semi-legendary English textile worker Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340-297 BC) Indian Emperor Archimedes of Syracuse (c. 287-c. 212 BC) Greek mathematician and inventor Antoninus Pius (86-161 AD), or Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121-180), Roman emperors Epicurus (341-270 BC) Greek philosopher

pronunciation ˈchäm(p)-skē ˈchäm(p)-skēən ˈkäf-kə ˌkäf-kə-ˈesk ˈvit-gən-ˌshtīn ˌvit-gən-ˈshtīnē-ən ˈləd ˈlə-ˌdīt

description __ linguistics: language learning is an

innate function of the human brain because we have universal grammar | context | data |

senseless yet menacing complexity; intentionally confusing bureaucracy | context | data |

there is no consciousness without language; philosophy is critique of linguistics | context | data |

distrustful or destructive of new technologies that may overtake human labor | context | data |

(ˌkən-drə-ˈgu̇ ptə) ˈmär-ē-ə ˈmär-ē-ən ˌär-kə-ˈmē-dēz ˌär-kə-ˈmē-dēən

__ empire: 322-185 BC, first major

unification of the subcontinent; spread of Buddhism to neighbors | context | data |

__ point: view from which observer

may see and analyze whole system; __ screw: a type of water pump | context | data | video |

__ period: 96/138-192 AD, prosperous

ˌan-tə-ˈnī-nəs ˈan-təˌnīn

era of the Roman empire; __ plague: (165-180) massive smallpox pandemic

ˌe-pi-ˈkyu̇ r-əs ˌe-pi-kyu̇ -ˈrē-ən

appreciation for high-quality food, entertainment, or sensual pleasures; living for today

| context | data |

| context | data |

257 (38) 0.97

258 (39) 0.96

259 (37) 0.96

260 (20) 0.95

Fatimid

Fatimah bint Muhammad (604-632 AD) Arabic daughter of Muhammad

ˈfa-tə-mə ˈfa-tə-məd

Qajar

Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar (1742-1797) Iranian dynastic founder

ˈkäˌjär

Schumpeterian

Rawlsian

Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) Austrian-U.S. economist John Rawls (1921-2002) U.S. philosopher

__ caliphate: 909-1171, Shia Muslim

empire originally based around Tunisia, later centered around Egypt | context | data |

__ dynasty: 1794-1925, development

of modern Iran | context | data |

ˈshu̇ m-ˌpā-tər shu̇ m-pə-ˈter-ēən ˈrȯlz ˈrȯl-zē-ən

creative destruction: boom-and-bust

cycles are natural and beneficial elements of capitalism | context | data |

a just society is that which a person would be willing to join at any random socio-economic level | context | data |

261 (40) 0.93

Seljuk / Seljuq

Seljuk 9xx-10xx Turkish warrior hero

__ period: 1037-1194/1308, Anatolia-

ˈsel-ˌjük

based empire in competition and cooperation with Abbasids | context | data |

262 (40) 0.93

Solomonic

Solomon (c. 990-c. 931 BC) Israelite king

ˈsä-lə-mən ˌsä-lə-ˈmä-nik

__ temple: symbolic and spatial declaration of Israeli existence | context | data |

20 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank 263 (41) 0.93

adjective

namesake

pronunciation

Cyclopean / cyclopean

Cyclops fl. c. 900s BC Greek one-eyed giant

Arabesque / arabesque

the Arabs Southwest Asian and North African peoples

description __ masonry: gigantic stone-based

ˈsī-ˌkläps sī-ˈklō-pē-ən

Mycenaean architecture, esp. with great walls of unwrought boulders | context | data |

264 (27) 0.93

265 (41) 0.91

Bourbon

Beatrice of Burgundy (1257-1310) French Lady of Bourbon

ˈa-rəb ˌa-rə-ˈbesk

type of pattern; ballet move involving arched back and posterior-raised leg | context | data |

__ kings: (various times from 1589-

ˈbu̇ r-bən

1808, 1813-1931, 1975-): rulers of French, Spanish, and Italian territories | context | data |

266 (42) 0.90

267 (21) 0.89

Constantinian

Gramscian

Constantine the Great (c. 272-337 AD) Roman Emperor

Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) Italian political theorist

ˈkän(t)-stənˌtēn ˌkän(t)s-tən-ˈtinē-ən

beg. Christianity as official state religion ; __politan Creed: doctrine on the nature of God; not Arian | context | data |

cultural hegemony: state-directed

ˈgram-shē ˈgram-shē-ən

cultural programs meant to maintain capitalist control of population | context | data |

268 (41) 0.88

269 (42) 0.87

270 (42) 0.87

Ursuline

plutonic

Matthean

Saint Ursula fl. 200 or 300 AD Romano-British Christain saint Pluto Greek god of the underworld Matthew the Evangelist fl. c. 30s-40s AD Galilean disciple of Jesus

ˈer-sə-lə ˈer-sə-ˌlēn

ˈplü-(ˌ)tō plü-ˈtä-nik

convent; nun(s) | context | data |

__ rocks: pre-formed igneous rocks

arising from within the earth | context | data | video |

ˈma-(ˌ)thyü ma-ˈthē-ən

didactic narrative of Jesus’ teachings which emphasizes connection to Old Testament predictions of the savior

ˈsi-sə-ˌrō ˌsi-sə-ˈrō-nyən

wide-ranging humanistic studies; POL: __ rhetoric: persuasive speech-making is vital for healthy society

| context | data |

271 (28) 0.87

Ciceronian

Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC) Roman orator and politican

| context | data |

272 (38) 0.85

273 (22) 0.85

274 (43) 0.84

Bonapartist

Burkean

Ismaili / Isma’ili

Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821) French Emperor and commander Edmund Burke (1730-1797) Irish philosopher and politician Isma'il ibn Jafar (c. 719-c. 762) Arabic Imam

nə-ˈpōl-yən ˈbō-nə-ˌpär-tist

authoritarian political movement; supporting Napoléon and his dynasty | context | data |

ˈbərk ˈbər-kē-ən

__ sublime: blissfully meek immersion in gargantuan nature; POL: __ conservativism: stability over liberty

ˌiz-mä-ˈēl ˌiz-mä-ˈē-(ˌ)lē

minority branch of Shi’a Islam with large diaspora, formed in early schism over imam succession dispute

ˈklīn ˈklī-nē-ən

children learn ambivalence through alternately loving and hating mother’s good and bad breasts

| context | data |

| context | data |

275 (26) 0.84

276 (43) 0.83

Kleinian

Herodian

Melanie Klein (1882-1960) Austrian-British psychoanalyst Herod I (c. 74-c. 4 BC) Jewish king of Judea

| context | data |

__ period: 37 BC-70 AD, last era of 2nd

ˈher-əd hə̇-ˈrō-dē-ən

Temple period, w/ great building projects and compromise with Rome | context | data |

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank 277 (44) 0.83

adjective Romanov

namesake Michael Romanov (1596-1645) Russian tsar

pronunciation

description __ tsars: rulers of Russian empire

rō-ˈmä-nəf

1613-1917, overseeing major expansion and development | context | data |

278 (27) 0.82

saturnine

Saturn Roman god of agriculture

ˈsa-tərn ˈsa-tər-ˌnīn

gloomy personality characterized by slow movement and unfriendly face; associated with lead (Pb) | context | data |

__ task: an impossible effort that must

279 (28) 0.82

Sisyphean

Sisyphus Greek mythological king

ˈsi-sə-fəs si-sə-ˈfē-ən

be performed even when failure is guaranteed | context | data | video |

280 (23) 0.8

280.5 (44.5) 0.80

281 (44) 0.80

Althusserian

Claudian / JulioClaudian

Hussite

282 (15)

Procrustean /

0.80

procrustean

283 (43) 0.79

Einsteinian

Louis Althusser (1918-1990) French philosopher houses of Claudia and Julia est. c. 600 BC ancient houses from Roman Republic Jan Hus (c. 1369-1425) Czech priest and theologian

ˌäl-tu̇-'sər (ˌ)äl-tu̇ -'ser-ēən

post-WW2 re-interpretation of Marxism | context | data |

J__ dynasty: 27 BC-68 AD, first Roman

ˈklȯ-dē-ə ˈklȯ-dē-ən

imperial dynasty; period of great expansion and building | context | data |

ˈhu̇ s ˈhu̇ -ˌsīt

Procrustes Greek mythological figure

prə-ˈkrəs-(ˌ)tēz prə-ˈkrəs-tē-ən

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) German-U.S. physicist

ˈīn-ˌstīn īn-ˈstī-nē-ən

pre-Lutheran attempt at reforming the Catholic church | context | data |

__ bed: forcing something to conform

to a pre-defined or artificial standard | context | data |

relativistic physics of gravity’s pull on light; describing fluid relationship of matter and energy with e=mc2 | context | data |

284 (29) 0.79

Proustian

Marcel Proust (1871-1922) French writer

__ memory: recollection drawn from

ˈprüst ˈprü-stē-ən

one’s past, esp. from sensory stimulation; i.e. involuntary memory | context | data |

285 (30) 0.78

286 (39) 0.77

Ovidian

Bolivarian

Ovid (43 BC-c. 17 AD) Roman poet

ˈä-vəd ä-ˈvi-dē-ən

Simón Bolívar (1783-1830) Venezuelan revolutionary

bō-ˈlē-ˌvär bä-lə-ˈvär-ē-ən

dominant version of Roman mythology; pastoral and sensual | context | data | video |

desire for a culturally unified South America independent of outside interference | context | data |

287 (45) 0.76

Hasmonean

Hasmonaeus (Asmon) fl. c. 280 BC Israelite dynastic founder

__ period: 141-37 BC, only

ˌhaz-mə-ˈnā-əs ˌhaz-mə-ˈnē-ən

autonomous Jewish state between Davidic era and modern Israel | context | data |

288 (31) 0.75

289 (29) 0.75

Miltonic

Adlerian

John Milton (1608-1674) English poet Alfred Adler (1870-1937) Austrian psychologist and doctor

ˈmil-tᵊn mil-ˈtä-nik

ˈäd-lər äd-ˈlir-ē-ən

__ style: modern English language

approach to classical epic poetry | context | data |

goal-based psychotherapy that sees the individual as a wholistic unit fitting in with social environment | context | data |

22 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank 290 (24) 0.74

291 (40) 0.73

adjective Sartrean

Marshallian

namesake Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) French writer and philosopher Alfred Marshall (1842-1924) English economist

pronunciation

description

ˈsärtrᵊ ˈsär-trē-ən

__ existentialism: we are alone in, yet we are masters within, an absurdly inconsequential universe

ˈmär-shəl mär-ˈsha-lē-ən

summation of classical economics wherein governments don’t act; supply and demand is the ruler

| context | data |

| context | data |

292 (41) 0.72

293 (30) 0.71

294 (42) 0.70

295 (45) 0.69

296 (25) 0.69

Churchillian

Jekyll and Hyde

Reaganite

Pelagian

Popperian

Winston Churchill (1874-1965) English statesman and author Dr. Jekyll / Mr. Hyde (1886) Scottish Stevenson's fictional character

ˈchər-ˌchil ˌchər-ˈchi-lē-ən

ˈje-kəl-ən-ˈhīd

__ rhetoric: soul-stirring pitches to

national duty; stoic perseverance | context | data |

double-sided personality of gentleness and viciousness, esp. due to closet narcissism | context | data |

Ronald Reagan (1911-2004) 40th US president

ˈrā-gən ˈrā-gə-(ˌ)nīt

Pelagius (c. 360-418 AD) British theologian

pə-ˈlā-j(ē-)əs pə-ˈlā-j(ē-)ən

Karl Popper (1902-1994) Austrian-British philosopher

ˈpäp-ər päˈperēən

seen as standard bearer of current Republican party (also Reaganesque) | context | data |

challenge to prevailing views of Augustine | context | data |

scientific theories can’t be proven true; thus we should try to prove them false and move onto next theory | context | data |

297 (26) 0.67

298 (32) 0.67

299 (44) 0.67

300 (43) 0.66

Fregean

Sapphic / sapphic

Maxwellian

Hanafi

Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) German philosopher and logician Sappho of Lesbos (c. 630-c. 570 BC) Greek poet James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) Scottish physicist and mathematician Abū Ḥanīfa (699-767) Iranian theologian and jurist

ˈfrā-gə ˈfrā-gē-ən

ˈsa-(ˌ)fō ˈsa-fik

all philosophy can be reduced to logic; beg. ‘linguistic turn’ of philosophy | context | data |

__ stanza: lyric poem, often erotic; __ love: lesbian attraction | context | data |

__ distribution: gas particles move

ˈmaks-ˌwel maks-ˈwe-lē-ən

according to probability; mathematizing electromagnetism | context | data | video |

ˈha-nē-(ˌ)fə ˈha-nə-(ˌ)fē

__ school: major Sunni legal system (fiqh), favored by Abbasid and Ottoman Empires | context | data |

301 (27) 0.65

Benthamite

302 (44)

Nasserist /

0.65

Nasserite

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) English philosopher Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-1970) Egyptian President

ˈben(t)-thəm ˈben(t)-thəmˌmīt ˈnä-sər ˈnä-sər-ist

utilitarianism; principle(s) utilitarian: doing the most good for the greatest number of people | context | data |

__ regime: 1956-1970, rising Egypt independent of colonial powers; state provides health and social services | context | data |

303 (33) 0.64

Mozartian / Mozartean

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) Austrian composer

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

ˈmōt-ˌsärt mōt-ˈsär-tē-ən

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

perfectly precise | context | data |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank 304 (28) 0.63

adjective Rousseauian /Rousseauean / Rousseauesque

305 (34)

Jamesian

0.63

(art)

namesake Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) French-Swiss philosopher

pronunciation

description

ru̇ -ˈsō ru̇ -ˈsō-ē-ən

humans’ natural state is peaceful— society corrupts individuals; distrustful of government authority | context | data |

Henry James (1843-1916) US-British writer

__ novel: realistic detailed

ˈjāmz ˈjām-zē-ən

descriptions of characters’ psychology using tight, well-crafted sentences

ˈkün ˈkü-nē-ən

science exists in a paradigm we can’t escape until a radical shift occurs; theory-ladenness of observation

| context | data |

306 (29) 0.62

307 (30) 0.62

Kuhnian

Gricean

Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) US physicist and philosopher H. Paul Grice (1913-1988) English philosopher

| context | data |

__ maxims: 4 rules employed in

ˈgrīs ˈgrī-sē-ən

linguistic communication: quantity, quality, relation, manner | context | data |

308 (46)

Gregorian

0.61

(rel)

Gregory VII (c.1015-1085) Italian pope

__ reform: the Church is supreme over

ˈgre-g(ə-)rē gri-ˈgȯr-ē-ən

all lives in Christendom, and clergy must be pure and celibate | context | data |

309 (47) 0.61

Mithraic

Mithras Romanized Persian god

ˈmi-thras mi-ˈthrā-ik

mystery religion of Romans who believed in a connection with older Iranian faiths

ˈgā-lən gə-ˈle-nik

medicine: 4 humors-based paradigm of Western medicine until the Renaissance

| context | data |

310 (45) 0.60

Galenic

Galen of Pergamon (129-c. 200 AD) Greek physician

| context | data |

311 (35) 0.60

312 (46) 0.59

313 (36) 0.57

314 (16) 0.57

315 (37) 0.57

316 (38) 0.57

317 (47) 0.54

thespian

Keplerian

Rabelaisian

Thespis (c. 56x-c.5xx BC) Greek stage actor Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) German astronomer and mathematician François Rabelais (c. 1490-1553) French writer

vandalized

the Vandals (fl. c. 200s BC-300s AD) east Germanic tribes

Dantean / Dantesque

Dante Alighieri (c. 1265-1321) Italian poet

Chaucerian

Hawking

Geoffery Chaucer (c. 1343-1400) English author and public officer Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) English cosmologist and physicist

ˈthe-spəs ˈthe-spē-ən

ˈke-plər ke-ˈplir-ē-ən

a talented actor—an actor’s actor, esp. on the stage | context | data |

movement of a celestial body w/r to another along an orbit that is elliptical, parabolic, or hyperbolic | context | data |

ˈra-bə-ˌlā ˌra-bə-ˈlā-zhən

having a rough, bodily, or sensuous sense of humor | context | data |

ˈvan-dᵊl ˈvan-də-ˌlīzd

damaged property; POLI: Vandalic

ˈdän-(ˌ)tā ˈdan-tē-ən dan-ˈtesk

fantastic visions of the Christian afterlife

ˈchȯ-sər chȯ-ˈsir-ē-ən

| context | data |

| context | data |

beg. of recognizable English literary tradition | context | data |

Bekenstein-Hawking entropy:

ˈhȯ-kiŋ

necessary amount of disorder in black hole based on surface area | context | data |

24 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank 318 (31) 0.56

adjective Vygotskian

namesake Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) Russian psychologist

pronunciation

description

vi-ˈgȯt-skē vi-ˈgȯt-skē-ən

__ perspective: incorporating sociological factors into psychological practice | context | data |

319 (45) 0.56

Hitlerian

Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Nazi German leader

ˈhit-lər hit-ˈlir-ē-ən

__ regime: 1933-1945, i.e. Nazi Germany, fascist dictatorship centered around leader and cult of personality | context | data |

320 (46) 0.55

321 (46) 0.55

322 (32) 0.54

323 (39) 0.54

Madisonian

Ottonian

priapic / Priapic

Arnoldian

James Madison US Founding Father and 4th president Otto I (912-973), Otto II (d.983), Otto III (d. 1002) German rulers of Holy Roman Empire Priapus Roman god of gardens and fertility Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) English poet and critic

ˈma-də-sənˌ ma-də-ˈsō-nēən ˈä-(ˌ)tō (ˌ)ä-ˈtō-nē-ən

__ model: system of checks and

balances between 3 branches of gov’t: executive, legislative, judicial | context | data |

__ period: 919-1024, uniting of German lands, re-establishing trade and learning from Near East | context | data |

prī-ˈā-pəs prī-ˈā-pik

p__: hypersexual masculinity; P__: ancient phallic mystery cult | context | data |

ˈär-nᵊld är-ˈnōl-dē-ən

striving for ‘high culture’ is the ideal for art; dispassionate critics can guide people towards good art

ˈpirs ˈpir-sē-ən

wide-ranging American philosophy including pragmatics, logic, and protolinguistics

| context | data |

324 (31) 0.53

Peircean

Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) US philosopher

| context | data |

325 (47) 0.53

326 (40) 0.53

Smithian

Spenserian

Adam Smith (1723-1790) Scottish philosophical economist Edmund Spenser (c. 1552-1599) English poet

invisible hand: people’s self-interested

ˈsmith ˈsmi-thē-ən

consumption is good for society; laissez-faire, heart of classical econ. | context | data |

__ stanza: fixed verse of 8 iambic

ˈspen(t)-sər spen-ˈsir-ē-ən

pentameter plus 1 alexandrine with rhyming scheme ababbcbcc | context | data |

327 (41) 0.51

328 (47) 0.51

Shavian

Hadrianic

George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) Irish playwright and author

ˈshȯ ˈshā-vē-ən

Hadrian (76-138 AD) Roman emperor

ˈhā-drē-ən ˌhā-drē-ˈan-ik

drama, play(s) | context | data |

__ period: 117-138, solidifying and

defining the extent of the Roman empire as popularly known | context | data |

329 (48) 0.50

Bismarckian

330 (17)

cretinous

0.49

(offensive)

331 (49)

McCarthyite / McCarthyist

0.49

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) German-Prussian statesman and 1st Chancellor cretins of the European Alps, people who have congenital hypothyroidism Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957) US senator

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

ˈbiz-ˌmärk biz-ˈmär-kē-ən

ˈkrē-tᵊn ˈkrē-tᵊn-əs

mə-ˈkär-thē mə-ˈkär-thē-ˌīt

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

authoritarian and expansionist yet liberally nationalist | context | data |

stupid, rude, or insensitive | context | data |

aggressive and abusive anticommunist movement | context | data |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank

adjective

332 (48)

Plinian /

0.48

plinian

333 (49) 0.48

334 (48) 0.46

335 (42) 0.45

Paracelsian

Timurid

Chekhovian

namesake

pronunciation

Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD), Roman naturalist; or Pliny the Younger (61-c. 113), Roman author Paracelsus (c. 1493-1541) German-Swiss physician and alchemist Timur (1336-1405) Turko-Mongol dynastic founder Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) Russian playwright and author

description __ eruption: powerful volcanic

ˈpli-nē ˈpli-nē-ən

explosion that ejects debris and gas high into stratosphere; aka Vesuvian | context | data |

ˌpa-rə-ˈsel-səs ˌpar-ə-ˈsel-sēən

__ medicine: theory of chemical relations to health, incl. toxins and pharmaceuticals; post-Galenic | context | data |

__ period: 1370-1507, Persia/Iran-

ˈti-(ˌ)mu̇ r ˈti-(ˌ)mu̇ r-əd

based Islamic empire with ideological roots in Khanate Mongolia | context | data |

ˈche-ˌkȯf che-ˈkō-vē-ən

characteristic of the current human approach to love and life | context | data |

Bonus List The first set of entries (335+n) are eponymous adjectives whose data don’t fit the parameters of the main list, yet merit attention because they represent a domain not sufficiently covered by the top 335—namely, non-Western cultures, smaller academic or artistic fields, and certain eras of history. Entries with frequencies higher than 0.45 were excluded due to poor range across the 4 corpora. For example, 93% of frequency data for Saiva / Saivite comes from NgV, while the lexeme is actually non-existent on either COCA or BNC, rendering NgV data suspect of abnormal overrepresentation. Entries immediately below 0.45 were included as honorable mention; the decision to cut off the list at 0.45 and not, say, 0.50 or 0.40 was somewhat arbitrary, though BNC, and even COCA data become unreliable for all entries around this level, leading to range dispersions that are below average. The next set of entries (unranked) show a sampling of words that not classified as eponymous adjectives by the methodology of this project, though they may appear as such. In most cases, this is because they are noun adjuncts (i.e. attributive nouns) which can only be paired with a limited number of nouns. Others are toponyms (named after territory) or demonyms (named after a nation of people) rather than eponyms. It is true that the New World was named after Amerigo Vespucci—a long time ago. Nowadays when people speak of something American, they are referring to the land or the people; the metaphorical attribution that is characteristic of eponyms has long been lost. Chinese adjectives have been included to demonstrate a major oversight of valuable world knowledge that occurred simply because Chinese dynastic eras are not named for individuals. Finally, a smattering of infrequent eponymous adjectives is included because they interest me for one reason or another. rank adjective namesake 335+1 (47+1) 0.93

335+2 (47+2) 0.69

Saiva / Saivite

Shiva Hindu god of creation and destruction

Vaishnava / Vaishnavite

Vishnu Hindu god of preservation and protection

description

ˈshē-və ˈsī-və

of Hindu sect Saivism, Shiva as supreme Being; esp. focused on asceticism or yoga | context | data |

ˈvish-(ˌ)nü ˈvīsh-nə-və

Hindu sect with Supreme Lord of Vishnu who manifests as avatars such as Krishna; God is personal, likeable | context | data |

335+3 (49+1)

pronunciation

Gladstonian

0.64

William Gladstone (1809-1898) 4-term UK prime minister and statesman

ˈglad-stən ˌglad-ˈstō-nē-ən

__ liberalism: est. modern liberal party | context | data |

26 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank

adjective

335+4 (31+1)

Husserlian

0.62

Gupta

0.61

335+6 (31+2) 0.43

335+7 (42+1) 0.41

Comtean / Comtian Mephistophelian / Mephistophele -an

Hitchcockian

0.40

335+9 (31+3) 0.38

335+10

Jamesian (phil)

Rubenesque / Rubensian /

0.35

Rubensesque

(32+1) 0.35

335+12 (42+4) 0.29

Freirean / Freirian

Chaplinesque

Boasian

0.25

335+14 (49+2)

Grotian

0.19

Miesian

0.17

335+16 (42+6)

Duchampian

0.17

__ period: 320-550 AD, ‘golden age’ of

(ˌ)srē-ˈgu̇ p-tə ˈgu̇ p-tə

India marked by rapid academic advances, based in northern India

Auguste Comte (1798-1857) French philosopher Mephistopheles (fl. c. 1500s) German demonic character from folklore Alfred Hitchchock (1899-1980) English film director

ˈkōⁿ(n)t ˈkäm-tē-ən

beg. of sociological analysis

ˌme-fə-ˈstä-fəˌlēz ˌme-fə-stə-ˈfēlyən

__ figure: devilish appearance, esp. w/

| context | data |

arched eyebrows and pointed beard, devious and clever personality | context | data |

__ suspense: storytelling that allows

ˈhich-ˌkäk hich-ˈkä-kē-ən

audience to see upcoming danger which is unknown to the protagonist

William James (1842-1910) US philosopher and psychologist Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) Flemish painter Paulo Freire (1921-1997) Brazilian educator

__ pragmatism: truth is only as sound

ˈjāmz ˈjām-zē-ən

as it is useful; religious belief can be made true through conviction | context | data |

ˈrü-bənz ˌrü-bə-ˈnesk

delightful depiction of plump female figures | context | data |

__ pedagogy: quality of learning

ˈfrā-(ˌ)rā ˈfrā-(ˌ)rā-ən

environment affects outcomes so poverty necessarily impairs education

Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977) English film star and director Franz Boas (1858-1942) German-American anthropologist Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) Dutch jurist

__ figure: cute and absurd character

ˈcha-plən cha-plə-ˈnesk

who is very sympathetic for the audience; a loveable tramp | context | data |

ˈbō-ˌaz bō-ˈa-zē-ən

ˈgrō-sh(ē-)əs ˈgrō-shən

__ relativism: no cultural standard for

good or bad; acceptance of difference | context | data |

beg. international law, promoting mutually beneficial relations based on trade and respect rather than war

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969) German-U.S. architect

mēs ˈmē-sē-ən

Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968) French artist

dü-ˈshäⁿ dü-ˈshäm-pē-ən

less is more: simple (minimalist)

design gives better results | context | data |

__ readymade: using commonly found

objects in works of art; questioning the purpose of art | context | data |

335+17 (49+3)

Sri Gupta I (r. c. 240-c.280 AD) Indian king

| context | data |

335+15 (42+5)

important to examine how the world seems to us, not how it actually is

| context | data |

335+13 (32+2)

__ phenomenology: it’s more

ˈhu̇ -sə-rəl hu̇ -ˈsər-lē-ən

| context | data |

(42+3)

335+11

description

| context | data |

335+8 (42+2)

pronunciation

Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) German philosopher

| context | data |

335+5 (48+1)

namesake

Herodotean

0.16

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Herodotus (c. 484-c. 425 BC) Greek historian

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

hi-ˈrä-də-təs hi-ˌrä-də-ˈtē-ən

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Inquiries; narrative “father of history” | context | data |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank

adjective

335+18 (31+4)

Mohist

0.15

Ruthian

0.15

335+20 (31+5) 0.13

335+21 (42+8) 0.11

Averroist / Averroistic

Michelangelesque

335+22 (31+6)

Mencian

0.10

335+23 (31+7)

Arendtian

0.09

335+24 (42+9)

Dylanesque

0.08

Garveyite

0.07

335+26 (31+8) 0.06

Avicennian / Avicennan

335+27 (48+2)

Sargonic

0.05

Fanonian

0.05

335+29 (20+1)

Godelian

0.05

335+30 (32+4) 0.05

Du Boisian / DuBoisian

impartial caring: love others to attain

ˈmōd-ˈzə ˈmō-ist

order, grow economy, and increase population; beg. logic; not Confucian

Babe Ruth (1895-1948) U.S. baseball player ʾAḥmad Ibn Rushd “Averroes” (1126-1198) Andalusian polymath Michelangelo (1475-1564) Italian artist and architect Mengzi “Mencius” (c.372-c. 289 BC) Chinese philosopher Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) German-American political philosopher Bob Dylan b. 1941 U.S. singer-songwriter

ˈrüth ˈrü-thē-ən ib-ən-ˈrüsht (a-və-ˈrō-ˌēz) a-və-ˈrō-ist

large and dramatic display of physical or athletic ability | context | data |

double truth: philosophy and religion

are separate spheres that can each lead to universal truth | context | data |

ˌmī-kə-ˈlan-jəˌlō ˌmī-kə-ˈlan-jəˈlesk

supreme Renaissance artistic works of grandeur, esp. of nude figures in dramatic poses

ˈmen-ˈzə [ˈmen-sh(ē-)əs] ˈmen-shē-ən

desire for strong state control in the Confucian tradition; not Taoist

ə-ˈrent ə-ˈren-tē-ən

post-WW2 critique of problem of evil

| context | data |

| context | data |

| context | data |

__ folk music: that which can be either

ˈdi-lən di-lən-ˈesk

political or fantastical; focus on content rather than style

Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) Jamaican Black nationalist leader Al-Hasan Ibn Ali Ibn Sīnā “Avicenna” (c. 980-1037) Persian polymath Sargon of Akkad fl. mid-2200s BC Akkadian emperor

ˈgär-vē ˈgär-vē-īt

post-World War I US freedom movement, wherein black people’s best chance for progress is in Africa | context | data |

ib-ən-ˈsē-nu (ˌa-və-ˈse-nə) ˌa-və-ˈse-nē-ən

2nd beginning of metaphysics: our souls

don’t pre-exist our bodies; SCI: pushing limits of Galenic medicine | context | data |

__ period: c. 2334-2154 BC, first well-

ˈsär-ˌgän sär-ˈgän-ik

documented empire of the world, aka ‘Akkadian Empire’

Frantz Fanon (1925-1961) Martinican psychiatrist and political philosopher Kurt Gödel (1906-1978) Austrian-US logician and mathematician

W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) US sociologist and writer

fa-ˈnəⁿ fa-ˈno-nē-ən

colonialization is both politically and psychologically violent, so must be resisted for societal and mental health | context | data |

ˈgə(r)-də gō-ˈdē-lē-ən

__ incompleteness: there is no one

mathematics that is sufficient to prove itself true | context | data |

dü-ˈbȯiz dü-ˈbȯi-zē-ən

__ double consciousness: blacks in the US must be able to exist in two worlds: the black and the white | context | data |

335+31 (49+5)

description

| context | data |

335+28 (32+3)

pronunciation

| context | data |

335+25 (49+4)

Mozi “Mo-tzu” (c. 470-c. 391 BC) Chinese philosopher

| context | data |

335+19 (42+7)

namesake

Lumumbist

0.02

Patrice Lumumba (1925-1961) Congolese independence leader

lə-ˈmu̇ m-bə lə-ˈmu̇ m-bist

pan-African coordination and selfsufficiency; socialist political movement and party | context | data |

28 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank

adjective

unranked topo, demo 2920

unranked demo

American

Saudi

45.6

unranked noun 15.3

Parkinson’s

unranked demo 12.7

Semitic

Achilles / Achilles’

unranked

cesarean /

n-adjunct, etymology 10.1

Caesarean / Cesarean / caesarean

unranked n-adjunct 8.2

unranked n-adjunct 7.8

venereal

fallopian / Fallopian

Ming

Golgi

unranked n-adjunct 4.5

Southern

unranked n-adjunct 3.4

unranked n-adjunct 2.9

Brownian

| context | data |

__ Arabia: large country in the Middle

sä-ˈüd ˈsau̇ -dē

East, home of Mecca and the Prophet Mohammed

ˈpär-kən-sən ˈpär-kən-sənz

__ disease: progressive neurodegenerative disorder with lack of dopamine causing dyskinesia

| context | data |

| context | data |

ˈshem sə-ˈmi-tik

socio-linguistic group esp. related to or identifying with Hebrew, Arabic, Amharic languages

Achilles legendary Greek hero of the Trojan War Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) Roman politician and military general Venus Roman goddess of love and beauty

ə-ˈki-lēz

ˈsē-zər si-ˈzer-ē-ən

__ tendon: tough fibrous tissue that connects calf muscles to heel bone; aka calcaneal tendon; __ heel: hidden weakness | context | data | section(s); deliver(y/ies) delivery of a baby through an abdominal incision | context | data |

__ disease: sexually transmitted

ˈvē-nəs və-ˈnir-ē-əl

infection; related to sex or sexual organs

Gabriele Fallopius (1523-1562) Italian anatomist

fäl-ˈlȯ-pē-əs fə-ˈlō-pē-ən

__ tube(s): in mammals, channel for egg transport from ovaries to uterus; a.k.a. uterine tube or oviduct

Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang) (1328-1398) 1st Ming emperor Camillo Golgi (1843-1926) Italian biologist and pathologist Edwin Southern (1938-) English molecular biologist Robert Brown (1773-1858) Scottish botanist

__ dynasty: 1368-1644, re-emergence

to global great power, w/ population boom & est. Beijing as capital; (

ˈmiŋ

| context | data |

__ apparatus: in eukaryotes, organelle

ˈgȯl-(ˌ)jē

that packs proteins into vesicles, esp. for secretion | context | data |

ˈsə-th ͟ ərn

__ blot: in DNA analysis, finding number of copies of gene in genome | context | data |

__ motion: patterns of small particles’

ˈbrau̇ n ˈbrau̇ -nē-ən-

movement through air or other medium | context | data |

eustachian / Eustachian

unranked not eponym 2.7

relating to either the country USA or the entire New World

| context | data |

unranked n-adjunct 4.6

ə-ˈmer-i-ˌgō ə-ˈmer-ə-kən

description

| context | data |

unranked not eponym 6.0

pronunciation

Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512) Italian explorer and cartographer Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin (?-1725) Arabic dynastic founder James Parkinson (1755-1824) English surgeon and polymath Shem fl. c. 2600 BCE son of Noah

| context | data |

unranked n-adjunct, noun 10.1

namesake

Qing

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Bartolomeo Eustachius (c. 1500-1574) Italian physician and anatomist

Aisin Gioro Nurhaci (1559-1626) Manchu dynastic fouder

yu̇ -ˈstā-kē-əs yüˈstā-shən

__ tube(s): in mammals, connects nasopharynx to middle ear; pressure equalization, mucus drainage; a.k.a. auditory tube | context | data | __ dynasty: 1644-1912, final imperial

nōr-hä-chē ˈchiŋ

reign of China, including northern Mongolian and Manchu regions | context | data |

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

rank unranked noun adjunct

adjective Pyrrhic / pyrrhic

namesake

pronunciation

Pyrrhus of Epirus (c. 318-272 B.C.) Greek king and general

ˈpir-əs ˈpir-ik

the Mongols (c. 800 AD?-present) East-Central Asian peoples

ˈmän-ˌgōl ˈmäŋ-gə-ˌlȯid

1.9

unranked demo 0.78

unranked n-adjunct 0.77

Mongoloid (race)

Mullerian / mullerian

Heraclitean

Johannes Müller (1801-1858) German physiologist

n-adjunct 0.54

unranked n-adjunct 0.41

Qin

ˈmyü-lər myü-ˈlir-ē-ən

unranked low freq.

Clintonian / Clintonesque

Heraclitis of Ephesus (c. 535-c. 475 BC) Greek philosopher

her-ə-ˈklī-təs her-ə-ˈklī-tē-ən

demo 0.28

unranked low freq. 0.27

unranked etymol. / low freq. 0.18

Haversian / haversian

Wolffian / wolffian

Qin Shi Huang (259-210 BC) first emperor of China

__ dynasty: 221-206 BC, first

ˈchin

unification of China proper including both great rivers Yellow and Yangtze

Bill Clinton (1946- ) 42nd US president

ˈklin-tᵊn klin-ˈtō-nē-ən

centrist Democrat; pedantically defining terms w/o substantive argument; (topos: Clinton, Indiana)

Clopton Havers (1657-1702) English physician and osteologist Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733-1794) German physiologist

__ canal(s): within compact bone,

ˈhā-vərz hə-ˈvər-zhən-

microscopic system of channels containing blood vessels and nerves

ˈvȯlf ˈvȯl-fē-ən

__ duct(s): embryonic paired tubes which become male reproductive organs; aka mesonephric duct

| context | data |

| context | data |

Malpighian

Petrine (dyn)

mongoloid (disease)

Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) Italian physician and anatomist Peter the Great (1672-1725) Russian tsar the Mongols (c. 800 AD?-present) East-Central Asian peoples

mal-ˈpē-gē mal-ˈpē-gē-ən-

ˈpē-tər ˈpē-ˌtrīn

ˈmän-ˌgōl ˈmäŋ-gə-ˌlȯid

__ tubule(s): in arthropods, gut tubes

to aid excretion or osmoregulation | context | data |

__ era: 1682-1725, establishment of

modern Russia | context | data |

offensive and abusive term for perceived Down’s syndrome-related characteristics | context | data |

bowdlerized / bowdlerised nymphomaniac / nymphomaniacal

unranked infreq 0.10

everything follows logos; opposite things are actually united while they undergo constant flux

| context | data |

0.29

unranked

which become female reproductive organs; aka paramesonephric duct

| context | data |

unranked n-adjunct 0.36

anachronistic and offensive term for various East and Central Asian peoples __ duct(s): embryonic paired tubes

0.54

unranked

| context | data |

| context | data |

unranked toponym, infreq

as battle was won at great cost

| context | data |

unranked toponym 0.65

__ victory: hollow defeat of one’s foe

| context | data |

unranked bad range 0.76

description

Thucydidean

Thomas Bowdler (1754-1825) English publisher and physician the nymphs Greek mythological nature maidens Thucydides (c. 460-c. 400 BC) Greek historian

ˈbau̇ d-lər ˈbōd-lə-ˌrīzd

edited or censored version of a text, esp. to remove sexual, violent or other sensitive content | context | data |

ˈnim(p)f ˌnim(p)-fə-ˈmānē-ˌak thü-ˈsi-də-ˌdēz thü-ˌsi-də-ˈdēən

highly sexually stimulated, esp. women | context | data |

__ narrative: describing past events

from multiple sources, taking neutral view regarding right and wrong | context | data |

30 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

rank

adjective

unranked infreq 0.04

unranked infreq 0.01

Vesalian

Beauvoirian / Beauvoirean

namesake

pronunciation

Andreas Vesalius (151x-156x) Dutch-Flemish surgeon and anatomist Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) French writer and philosopher

description anatomy: rejection of Galenic

və-ˈsā-lē-əs və-ˈsā-lē-ən də-bō-ˈvwär bō-ˈvwär-ē-ən

tradition in favor of human dissection, illustration, and professional experience | context | data | the Other: women have usually been defined as not-man; all humans are defined by what they lack | context | data |

1-100 | 101-200 | 201-335 | bonus | KWIC | data | glossary | appendix

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Key Words in Context note: key word is shown in bold; links to other key words are shown in blue italics (when available) adjective

Abbasid

Abelian / abelian

Abrahamic

Achaemenid

Achilles / Achilles’

Adamic

Adlerian

algorithmic

context In early Abbasid times, Islamic civilization was still strongly Arab, a fact above all evident in the spread of the Arabic language. The Koran was written in it and through knowledge of that text Arabic was diffused throughout the Islamic world. This book explores the theory of abelian varieties over the field of complex numbers, explaining both classic and recent results in modern language … including automorphisms and vector bundles on abelian varieties, algebraic cycles and the Hodge conjecture. A bold and open-ended text of comparative religion, this refreshing analysis of the Abrahamic faiths of Judaism, Christianity and Islam sorts the strands which link these great religions together. In a recent study of Persian provincial administration, Michael Weiskopf concludes that the most prominent characteristic of Achaemenid administration, in Anatolia at least, was its lack of any fixed and rigid structure. The general framework of the administration was the division of the empire into satrapies, each with a satrap at its head, but within the satrapy no fixed structure of hierarchy is discernable… Achilles tendon rupture most often occurs following an injury after acute push-off during jumping or sprinting as the result of extreme ankle dorsiflexion. Occurring in otherwise healthy adults, it is a disease of the third to fifth decades and has a male predominance. Whether from the vantage point of hope or reality, whether professing unbounded hope like Whitman and Emerson or a pervasive belief in the power of blackness as is the case of Melville, Poe and Hawthorne, their stories unfold within the paradigm of the Adamic myth. In a seminal study of American culture, The American Adam: Tragedy and Tradition in the Nineteenth-Century, R. W B. Lewis typified the myth of America in terms of cultural dialogues centering on the fable of Adamic innocence that was to provide a sense of national identity… One possible reason for the lesser influence of Adlerian Psychology with respect to the other two historical approaches could be that Adlerian psychologists may have preferred clinical practice to academia and research. Another reason may be that Adlerian scholarship traditionally has emphasized case study analyses and other qualitative approaches rather than quantitative and statistical methods. In this examination of algorithmic architecture, this book guides readers in the increasingly popular practice of using algorithms to solve complex design issues and shows architects how to use algorithms to go beyond the mouse and … [transcend traditional boundaries].

source A History of Europe By John Morris Roberts (1997, Allen Lane; p. 98) | return to list | Complex Abelian Varieties By Christina Birkenhake, Herbert Lange (2004, Springer Science & Business; jacket) | return to list | MisGod'ed: A Roadmap of Guidance and Misguidance in the Abrahamic Religions By Laurence B. Brown (2008, CreateSpace; jacket) | return to list |

Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State By Richard A. Billows (1997, Univ. of California Press; p. 268) | return to list |

Atlas of Common Pain Syndromes By Steven D. Waldman (2011, Elsevier; p. 365) | return to list |

Critical essays on the mith of the american Adam By Viorica Pâtea, María Eugenia & Díaz (2001, Universidad de Salamanca; p. 99) | return to list |

Adlerian Psychotherapy: An Advanced Approach to Individual Psychology By Ursula E. Oberst, Alan E. Stewart (2003, Psychology Press; p. vii) | return to list | Algorithmic Architecture By Kostas Terzidis (2006, Routledge; jacket) | return to list |

32 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Althusserian

American

Amish

Angevin

Antonine

Apollonian

aphrodisiac

Arabesque / arabesque

Archimedean

In an online interview in 1998, Mouffe, who had been a student of Althusser's in Paris, explained that, “I became a Gramscian when I ceased to be an Althusserian.” Gramsci offered her a way out of an “Althusserian kind of dogmatism” that Althusser’s followers were then putting into practice.

Adventures of the Symbolic: PostMarxism and Radical Democracy By Warren Breckman (2013, Columbia University Press; p. 186) | return to list |

A chronological history of American aviation is followed by coverage of such topical themes as balloons and dirigibles, government in aviation, and military airpower developments.

The American Aviation Experience: A History edited by Tim Brady (2000, SIU Press; cover blurb | return to list |

In addition, he includes a new chapter describing Amish recreation and social gatherings, and he applies the concept of "social capital” to his sensitive and penetrating interpretation of how the Amish have preserved their social networks. [King] John owed the relatively smooth take-over of power in England, which was accomplished while he remained in France, to the support of a formidable triumvirate taken over from his brother [King Richard the Lionheart]. This was composed of the long-serving Angevin knight William Marshall, Hubert Walter, the archbishop of Canterbury who seems to have only grudgingly accepted John as the lesser of two evils, and Geoffrey fitz Peter, the former Justiciar. The Antonine Constitution is nowadays regarded as one of the most globally important constitutional documents in history. In 2017, it was formally inscribed into the UNESCO Memory of the World Register, placing it alongside other charters such as Magna Carta, the Golden Bull of Emperor Charles IV, and the Declaration of Human and Civil Rights introduced by the French National assembly in 1789. Apollonian teachers identify with their discipline. Dionysian teachers identify with their students. Apollonian teachers want to be respected by their students. Dionysian teachers want to be liked by their students. There has been a lot said about the aphrodisiac effect of weed. For some reason, scientists dislike to admit that there is such a thing as an aphrodisiac, so most pharmacologists say there is “no evidence to support the popular idea that weed possesses aphrodisiac properties.” I can say definitely that weed is an aphrodisiac and that sex is more enjoyable under the influence of weed than without it. Besides the balustrades in the arabesque style there are other ornamentations that are concentrated on a repetition of motifs and their units. Although their appearance depends upon the contrast between void and mass or light and shadow, they differ from the arabesque units in that they are devoid of interlocking and an intricacy between shapes, and they do not depend on the generation and emergence of shapes from other shapes. “Embedded in the principles of justice there is an ideal of the person that provides an Archimedean point for judging the basic structure of society.” — John Rawls

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

The Riddle of Amish Culture By Donald B. Kraybill (2003, JHU, jacket) | return to list |

Why Magna Carta?: Angevin England Revisited By Natalie Fryde (2001, LIT Verlag Munster) | return to list |

The Antonine Constitution: An Edict for the Caracallan Empire By Alex Imrie (2018, BRILL) | return to list |

Economic Analysis and Policy, Volume 37 Quoting Elzinga 2001 (2007, Economic Society of Australia and New Zealand, Queensland Branch; p. 194) | return to list | Junky: The Definitive Text of "Junk" By William S. Burroughs (2012, Grove/Atlantic; p. 23) | return to list |

Veiling Architecture: Decoration of Domestic Buildings in Upper Egypt 1672-1950 By Ahmed Abdel-Gawad (2012, Oxford UP; p. 20) | return to list | Political Theory and the Displacement of Politics By Bonnie Honig (1993, Cornell University; p. 126)

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Arendtian

Arian

Aristotelian

Arminian

Arnoldian

Arthurian

Augustan

“He found the Archimedean point, but he used it against himself; it seems that he was permitted to find it only under this condition.” – Franz Kafka Seyla Benhabib is well aware of the limits of Arendtian political theory. Yet Benhabib wants to maintain that there is something worthwhile in pursuing “the normative core of the Arendtian conception of the political: the creation of a common world through the capacity to make and keep promises among a plurality of humans who mutually respect one another.” Newton was neither 'orthodox' (according to the Athanasian creed) nor Arian. He believed … the Son to be of the same kind of substance as the Father but not necessarily the same. Newton … may no longer be considered Arian, that is to say, a heretic. Special attention is paid … to the Aristotelian concept of “primary substances” (individual material things or “particulars”) and how the various “predicates” (or “attributes) relate to them. The treatment of the primary substances and their relationships to the universals occupies a significant portion of both Aristotle’s and Alfarabi’s writings. Some will think it strange that one not from the Arminian tradition would undertake the translation of this first and very important Remonstrant confession.1 My initial exposure to Arminian theology came when, as a Calvinist pastor of a Reformed baptistic church, a friend challenged me to read Jacobus Arminius’ (1560-1609) works. Having been taught he was both Socinian and Pelagian, I was surprised how Calvinist his affirmations sounded about trinitarianism, Scripture, original sin and the necessity of grace. The Reithian model was born of early twentieth century intellectual-elite fears that the newly enfranchised British masses would ‘lower standards’. Hence the BBC implemented an Arnoldian vision of cultural intervention to educate and 'civilize' the 'lower' masses in order to preserve 'British cultural standards' and inculcate appropriate high-culture 'taste'. This Reithian/Arnoldian vision grew out of a negative reaction to the mass commercial media. [The Wedding of Sir Gawain] was probably one of many such stories still circulating in the British Isles and on the continent in the 14th century, although there is nothing like it in either the French Arthurian literature or the Welsh tradition. Not the least surprising thing about the tale is its actual title. The Gawain so carefully portrayed in most other Arthurian literature is definitely not the marrying kind. Republican freedom was gone, but the emperor and bureaucrats brought stability. The peace of the Augustan Principate would last, with few interruptions, for two hundred years. Few people in history have created order so successfully.

| return to list |

Reasoning With Who We Are: Democratic Theory For a Not So Liberal Era By Mark Redhead (2014, Rowman & Littlefield) | return to list | Popular and Elite Understandings of Miracles in Enlightened England By Wilfred Graves Jr. (2007, ProQuest; p. 74) | return to list | Aristotelian Logic and the Arabic Language in Alfarabi By Shukri Abed (1991, SUNY; p. 2) | return to list |

The Arminian Confession of 1621 edited by Mark A. Ellis (2006, Wipf and Stock Publishers; p. v) | return to list |

The Media and Cultural Production By P. Eric Louw (2001, Sage; p. 75) | return to list |

King of the Celts: Arthurian Legends and Celtic Tradition By Jean Markale (1993, Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.; p. 149) | return to list |

Western Civilization: Beyond Boundaries, Volume I: To 1715 By Thomas F. X. Noble, Barry Strauss, Duane Osheim, Kristen Neuschel, Elinor Accampo (2007, Cengage Learning; p. 157) | return to list |

34 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Augustinian

Averroist / Averroistic

Avicennian / Avicennan

Bacchic / Bacchanalian / bacchanalian

Baconian

Bahai / Baha’i

barbarous / barbaric

Bayesian

A historical case for Edwards' consistent use of the Augustinian mutual love model in place of interpretations that suggest his thought embraces the disparate Western and Eastern models, but favored the Eastern social model of the Trinity.

Between 1260 and 1277, however, there was a doctrinal movement in Paris which, when dealing with the intellective soul, embraced the Averroist interpretation and held that there was only one intellect for all mankind.

Aquinas's 'Effect to Cause Argument' grows out of his reading of Avicennian arguments regarding the possible versus necessary being — according to which arguments a caused thing is only possible in itself and must receive esse from another in order to be. Wine has always been a part of popular medicine. Bacchic Medicine analyses the historical role of wine in the treatment of disease and preservation of health. The Hippocratic texts gave wine therapy a canonical statement over two millennia ago; but the nineteenth century was the golden age of alcohol and wine therapy. [T]he Baconian scientist imposes on himself the discipline of continuing careful observations, in order to carefully distinguish normal from abnormal function of the principle. Finally, at the far end of the continuum, Baconian method sometimes results in many repeated observations that exhibit a stable, highly consistent pattern, with variation in intensity from weak to strong. The Bahais see the Bab as the forerunner of Bahaullah, and accept the two as manifestations, or prophets, of the unknowable God, along with Adam, Abraham, Moses, Krishna, Zoroaster, the Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad. The list of prophets reflects the Bahai conviction that the major religions have a common essence, at least in their origin. More broadly, the Bahai movement is a schism from Shiite Islam, though they see themselves not as a schism but as a new revelation of God. The Nanking Atrocity is a general term denoting barbarous acts that the imperial army and navy perpetrated in violation of humanitarian law and the international laws of war when those forces attacked and occupied Nanking, capital of the Republic of China, early in the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945. A Bayesian network is a graphical model for probabilistic relationships among a set of variables. Over the last decade, the Bayesian network has become a popular representation for encoding uncertain expert knowledge in expert systems (Heckerman et al., 1995a). More recently, researchers have developed methods for learning Bayesian networks from data.

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Jonathan Edwards' Social Augustinian Trinitarianism in Historical and Contemporary Perspectives By Steven M. Studebaker (2008, Gorgias; jacket) | return to list | Mind, Cognition and Representation: The Tradition of Commentaries on Aristotle’s De anima Edited by Paul J. J. M. Bakker, J. M. M. H. Thijssen (2007, Ashgate; p. 133) | return to list | Wisdom's Apprentice: Thomistic Essays in Honor of Lawrence Dewan, O.P. By Lawrence Dewan, Peter A. Kwasniewski (2007, CUA; p. 63) | return to list | Bacchic Medicine: Wine and Alcohol Therapies from Napoleon to the French Paradox By Harry W. Paul (2001, Rodopi; p. back cover) | return to list | John Gregory and the Invention of Professional Medical Ethics and the ... By Laurence B. McCullough (2007, Springer Science and Business; p. 189) | return to list |

World Religions By Thomas Arthur Robinson, Hillary Rodrigues (2006, Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd; p. 305) | return to list |

The Nanking Atrocity, 1937-38: Complicating the Picture edited by Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi (2007, Berghahn Books; p. 57) | return to list | Innovations in Bayesian Networks: Theory and Applications edited by Dawn E. Holmes (2008, Springer Science & Business Media; p. 33) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Beauvoirian / Beauvoirean

Benedictine

Benthamite

Bismarckian

Boasian

bohemian

Bolivarian

Indeed, some have argued that a rethinking of “nature” as a set of dynamic interrelations suits both feminist and ecological aims …. This rethinking also calls into question the model of construction whereby the social unilaterally acts on the natural and invests it with its parameters and its meanings. Indeed, as much as the radical distinction between sex and gender has been crucial to the de Beauvoirian version of feminism, it has come under criticism in more recent years for degrading the natural as that which is "before" intelligibility, in need of … the social … to acquire value. The Benedictine ideal of the human being is not that of one who achieves and accomplishes things, not a person with an unusual religious gift, not a great ascetic, but the wise and mature person who knows how to bring people together, who creates around herself or himself an atmosphere of peace and mutual understanding. Suppose that one is firmly committed to a Benthamite understanding of the good – that all goods are, at root, individual, and reducible to pleasure absent pain. The only things worth pursuing on this view are pleasures, and the only things worth avoiding are pains. In short, reforms of Bismarckian welfare states are dangerous, as broader parts of the population – particularly workers and lower white-collar employees – have been protected by the social insurance system. Furthermore, they have internalized the Bismarckian status maintenance and the equivalence principle, where defined contributions entitle citizens to defined benefits for maintaining one’s living standard.

Far from abandoning relativism for universalism, even the staunchest proponents of human rights among anthropologists find some support for their view in Boasian relativism.

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner’s Modern Bohemia of 1924 … prompts reflection both on his situation in post-World War I Switzerland and on his changing interpretation of the simple bohemian life he and other members of the Künstlergruppe Brücke had first adopted in Dresden almost twenty years earlier. In the early 1900s, the Brücke artists had led a bohemian existence, both out of desire and necessity. As was true of contemporaries throughout Europe, most had taken the artists’ calling in opposition to parents’ wishes, received little or no financial support from home, and had considerable difficulty in establishing careers. Latin America has a long and undistinguished record of integration [among its nations]. The record goes back to the failed Bolivarian political aspiration of the [19th] century to the formation of badly conceived economic integration agreements in the decades after World War II. This history was on the minds of many Latin American watchers when the first tentative steps were taken in the 1980s of what today is Mercosur.

Understanding Inequality: The Intersection of Race/ethnicity, Class, and Gender By Barbara A. Arrighi (2007, Rowman & Littlefield; p. 145) | return to list |

Benedict of Nursia: His Message for Today By Anselm Grün, Linda M. Maloney (2006, Liturgical Press; p. 42) | return to list | Natural Law in Jurisprudence and Politics By Mark C. Murphy (2006, Cambridge; p. 71) | return to list | How Welfare States Shape the Democratic Public: Policy Feedback, Participation, Voting, and Attitudes edited by Staffan Kumlin, Isabelle Stadelmann-Steffen (2014, Edward Elgar Publishing; p. 133) | return to list | Engaging Cultural Differences: The Multicultural Challenge in Liberal Democracies edited by Richard A., Shweder, Martha Minow, Hazel Rose Markus (2002, Russell Sage Foundation; p. 353) | return to list |

From the Greeks to the Greens: Images of the Simple Life edited by Reinhold Grimm, Jost Hermand (1989, Univ of Wisconsin Press; p. 78) | return to list |

Development and Democracy in the Southern Cone: Imperatives for U.S. Policy in South America By Sidney Weintraub (2000, CSIS; p. xiii) | return to list |

36 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Boltzmann

Bonapartist

Boolean / boolean

Bourbon

bowdlerized / bowdlerised

Brechtian

Brownian

First we introduce the Boltzmann equation for chemically reacting gas mixtures and derive the transfer equations for the constituents and for the mixture. The equilibrium properties are discussed on the basis of the Maxwell-Jiittner distribution function of the constituents. In the policies of Bismarck, who also stood “above classes,” there were, as has been often pointed out, indubitable Bonapartist elements, although disguised by legitimism. The stability of the Bismarck regime was guaranteed by the fact that, having arisen after an impotent revolution, it offered a solution, or a halfsolution, of such a mighty national problem as the unification of Germany. It brought victory in three wars, indemnities, and a mighty up-growth of capitalism. That was enough to last several decades. In general, functions can be defined as algebraic expressions that are formed from variables, operators, parentheses, and an equal sign. More specifically, Boolean expressions are formed from binary variables and the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT. When we compute the values of Boolean expressions, we must adhere to a specific order of computation: namely, NOT, AND, and OR. In an essay written in 1742, José Campillo, former Minister of the Indies and critic of Spanish colonial policy, provided a blueprint for the Bourbon reforms. He called for abolishing the Cadiz monopoly (Cadiz was the official Spanish port for all trade between Spain and her colonies in the Western Hemisphere), reducing goods taxed in the colonies, improving communications by means of a more speedy and regular delivery, establishing intercolonial trade, and enhancing colonial agriculture production. The Bourbon kings pursued Campillo’s proposals by overhauling the existing political and economic structure. Hardy's first regular appearance as a poet was in The Gentleman's Magazine for November, 1875, when he published a bowdlerized version of "The Fire at Tranter Sweatley's," which appeared first as originally written in 1867, in Lionel Johnson’s The Art of Thomas Hardy, published by Elkin Mathews and John Lane in 1894, and subsequently in Wessex Poems in 1898. Gao Xingjian paradoxically specifies that the director should create in the play a kind of “cordial and warm atmosphere” in which the actors directly communicate with the audience (a Brechtian technique…) so that the audience can feel free and happy to participate in the total experience of the theater as if they were enjoying an entertainment during a festival (a notion that is un-Brechtian). In 1923, N. Wiener studied the mathematical model for Brownian motion and gave a concise and rigorous definition of the stochastic process corresponding to the displacement of a Brownian particle, known as the Wiener process.

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

The Relativistic Boltzmann Equation: Theory and Applications By Carlo Cercignani, Gilberto M. Kremer (2002, Springer Science & Business; p. 171) | return to list |

History of the Russian Revolution By Leon Trotsky (2008, Haymarket Books; p. 470) | return to list |

Introduction to Quantum Computation By Ioan Burda (2005, UniversalPublishers; p. 20) | return to list |

The History of Mexico, 2nd Edition: Second Edition By J. Burton Kirkwood (2009, ABCCLIO; p. 70) | return to list |

Thomas Hardy, Novelist or Poet? By A. Edward Newton (1929, Ardent Media; p. 28) | return to list |

Occidentalism: A Theory of Counter-discourse in Post-Mao China By Xiaomei Chen (2002, Rowman & Littlefield; p. 96) | return to list | Quantum Harmonic Brownian Motion in a General Environment: A Modified Phase-space Approach by Leehwa Yeh (1993, University of California, Berkeley; p. 19) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Buddhist

Burkean

Byronic

Calvinist

Capetian

Carolingian

Cartesian

Cauchy

cesarean / Caesarean /

There seems to be a general consensus among Buddhist writers that institutional Buddhism was in a severe decline in the Ming dynasty. Ou-i himself, commenting on the typical forms of degeneration among the various branches of Buddhist study, cites widespread ignorance, hypocrisy, and empty imitation as characteristic flaws of contemporary Buddhist clergy. The fact that Eggers’s texts return to the nineteenthcentury American version of Burkean and Kantian sublimity bespeaks a nostalgia for regenerating the self via the appropriation of the Emersonian “Not Me”: any kind of “other,” whether it be nature itself or a fictive or real human being. In this sense, Eggers employs Emersonian “Nature” to “repair” the dehumanized postmodern self. Giuseppe Mazzini wrote of the Byronic heroes: “Gifted with a liberty they know not how to use; with a power and energy they know not how to apply; with a life whose purpose and aim they comprehend not;—they drag through their useless and convulsed existence.” In Scotland, a Calvinist Reformation was established, in opposition to a Catholic monarchy, by an alliance between the reformer John Knox (1505–1572) and the aristocratic Calvinist 'Lords of the Congregation'. That “West Francia” between the year 1000 and the early fourteenth century developed into “France”, a potentially front-rank power, owed a great deal to its rulers. The Capetian dynasty, after a slow start, became exceptionally adept at aggressive statecraft, extending the boundaries of its rule and increasing its hold over subject peoples. From c. 750, rulers of the Carolingian dynasty and their people, the Franks, launched a series of campaigns from their heartlands in what is now north-eastern France and Belgium. Their conquests achieved the first great concentration of power in the West since the Roman Empire and imposed common patterns of thought and behaviour on most of continental Europe. Bringing Cartesian objectivity to gender issues, he published On the Equality of the Two Sexes: A Physical and Moral Discourse which Shows the Importance of Getting Rid of One's Prejudices anonymously in 1673, which addressed cultural inequalities between the sexes.... By systematically employing Cartesian methodology Poullain rejected tradition as a means of dealing with the issue of feminism. The well-known Cauchy distribution has heavy tails and is often employed in robustness studies. Having no mean or higher moments, it is used to construct counterexamples. This distribution possesses a reproductive property, whereby the sum of two independent scaled Cauchy random quantities is, again, a scaled Cauchy quantity. Cesarean rate is the number of deliveries by a cesarean procedure divided by the total number of hospital newborn deliveries… Primary cesarean is a cesarean delivery without the diagnosis code of a uterine scar. In other words, a primary cesarean is a

The Buddhist I Ching By Chih-Hsu Ou-I (2001, Shambhala; 4th page of translator’s introduction) | return to list |

The Sublime Today: Contemporary Readings in the Aesthetic edited by Gillian B. Pierce (2013, Cambridge Scholars Publishing; p. 67) | return to list | Byron: The Image of the Poet edited by Christine Kenyon-Jones (2008, Associated University Presse; p. 90) | return to list | Calvin By Michael Mullett (2006, Routledge; page unknown: 2 pages after “Introduction” on Google Books preview) | return to list | The Cambridge Illustrated History of France By Colin Jones (1990, Cambridge UP; p. 74) | return to list |

The Frankish World, 750-900 By Janet L. Nelson (1996, Bloomsbury; p. 99) | return to list |

Three Cartesian Feminist Treatises By François Poullain de la Barre (2007, University of Chicago; p.3) | return to list | Bayesian Analysis in Statistics and Econometrics: Essays in Honor of Arnold Zellner edited by Donald A. Berry, Kathryn M. Chaloner, John K. Geweke, Arnold Zellner (1996, Wiley; p. 299) | return to list | Cesarean and Vaginal Deliveries in Illinois : 1992 State of Illinois (1994, Health Care Cost Containment Council; p. 2) | return to list |

38 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Cesarean / caesarean

Chaucerian

Chaplinesque

chauvinistic / chauvinist

Chekhovian

cesarean performed on a woman who has not had a previous cesarean.

A stanza of seven lines is known as a septet…. [T]here is one particular form worth close attention, given that the earliest stanzaic invention of English canonical poetry is a septet: the Chaucerian ‘rhyme royal’, (or Rime Royal), a seven-line iambic pentameter which rhymes ababbcc. This is sometimes referred to, after its inventor, as the 'Chaucerian stanza'. It is used in Chaucer's The Parliament of Fowles and parts of the Canterbury Tales, but its most notable manifestation is in Chaucer's long narrative poem Troilus and Criseyde.

Poetry By John Strachan (2011, Edinburgh UP; p. 42) | return to list |

There is a celebration of the serious over the "clowning," that conceptualizes itself as an immanent counter-force, a serious form of laughter against the dominant Chaplinesque form of mugging for "mere laughs."

England, Inc.: The Corporate Reorganization of British Modernism, 1918—1956 By Steven Maxwell Brzezinski (2007, ProQuest; p. 44) | return to list |

But although there were indeed right-wing nationalist perspectives and movements, expansionist and chauvinistic (Oddone 1986; Rock 1993), most of the energy of nationalism was employed in more benign ways across the region, contrary to what was too often the case in the old continent: 'Latin' American popular masses rarely lent fascist and chauvinistic movements their support.

The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism edited by Gerard Delanty, Krishan Kumar (2006, SAGE; p. 546) | return to list |

Chekhovian love is uncertain, painful, and rooted in human solitude. Comic and tragic in turn, it is often presented as a fantasy highlighting the essential emptiness of the lives of Chekhov's characters.

Russian Love Stories: An Anthology of Contemporary Prose edited by Nadezhda L. Peterson (2009, Peter Lang; p. 1) | return to list |

The modular nature of peptides can be exploited in the synthesis of chimeric sequences that combine diverse Peptide Synthesis and motifs in a single molecule. A theoretical consideration Applications of the classification of peptides further expounds the edited by John Howl (2005, multigeneric nature of peptide chimeras. Strategies for Springer Science & Business Media; chimeric chimeric peptide syntheses include the chemical p. 25) cross-linking of monomers and tandem combination | return to list | by conventional SPPS [solid phase peptide synthesis]. Gavin Langmuir offered a useful starting point by distinguishing among three types of ethnic bias: garden variety prejudice when groups simply dislike Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, each other, xenophobia when groups form essentially and Society, Volume 1 negative opinions of each other, and chimeria when By Richard T. Schaefer (2008, out-groups are demonized as bearers of monstrous chimerical SAGE; p. 77) powers. Jews, at different times, have been the object | return to list | of all such prejudices, but increasingly they are the objects of chimerical prejudice in particular, according to Langmuir. The use of a corpus, therefore, constitutes something of a move away from the previously dominant Corpus-based and Computational Chomskyan philosophy in mainstream linguistics and Approaches to Discourse computational linguistics. This philosophy concerned Anaphora Chomskyan / itself with knowledge, rules and inferences in order to edited by Simon Botley, Tony arrive at linguistic theories and computational models McEnery (2000, John Benjamins; p. Chomskian of natural language understanding. Instead of 24) subscribing to this knowledge-driven “top-down” | return to list | approach to language, the corpus-based approach is nine categories ART DYNASTIC HISTORY MATHEMATICS PHILOSOPHY POLITICS / ECONOMICS PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV. RELIGION SCIENCE / ENGINERING MISCELLANY (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

data-driven and “bottom-up”. It begins with a corpus of naturally occurring text and then proceeds to a theory of linguistic performance.

Christian

Christlike / Christ-like

christological / Christological

Churchillian

Ciceronian

Claudian / Julio-Claudian

Clintonian / Clintonesque

Both the Roman and Greek Catholic churches in Galicia [a large province of the Austrian Empire] shared the traditional Christian attitudes towards Jews. From the beginning of the Austrian period until well past the middle of the nineteenth century, Greek and Roman Catholic bishops issued pastoral letters that reflected medieval Christian prejudices; for example, the barred Jews from appearing on the streets during Corpus Christi processions. It's reasonable to expect that if we are united with Christ, then we will be Christlike. Sometimes we fail to be as Christlike as we think we should be, and this disappoints us. We get discouraged; we fail to see how we are becoming more like Jesus. Why is this? Does it mean we’re not really Christians? No. Our disappointment with ourselves is really based on faulty theology. [According to Schrage]: ‘The starting point and basis for Paul’s ethics is the saving eschatological event of Jesus’ death and resurrection.’ Leslie Houlden also notes that ‘this Christological basis for ethics is one of the two most striking and distinctive features of Paul’s teaching’ – the other one being his eschatological convictions. He took a long drink, then grimaced. “I do not have a drinking problem,” he announced, his voice needlessly loud. “I have a Churchillian relationship with alcohol: I can crack jokes and govern England and do anything I want to do. Except not drink.” To the orator, writes Cicero, ‘belong the broad estates of wisdom and of learning’ (3.31.122) Thus, as the Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy tells us, 'the Ciceronian image of the orator as culture-hero, whose power was exercised in defence of justice and ethics, had an enormous influence on the Renaissance' (727). Early modern guides to rhetoric and domestic conduct repeat the Ciceronian emphasis on the civilising power of speech. The exact date of the invention of mould-blowing is uncertain. A find of decorated tableware in an Augustan context has been claimed at Magdalensberg in Austria but other finds of tablewares do not appear until the Tiberian-early Claudian periods. Early groups have been recognised in Italy and adjacent regions, and many more dated finds are known in different areas of the Roman world, including the north western provinces, in the Claudian and Neronian periods. We need a president to feel not our pain, nor share our feelings, but to display genuine passion, not empty Clintonian rhetoric – someone who tells us we are going to be victorious in our struggle and then details how it will happen.

Focusing on Galicia: Jews, Poles, and Ukrainians, 1772-1918 edited by Yiśraʼel Barṭal, Antony Polonsky (1999, The Institute for Polish-Jewish Studies; p. 43) | return to list |

Reckless Devotion: 365 Days into the Heart of Radical Love By Heidi Baker, Rolland Baker (2014, Chosen Books; p. 9) | return to list | Imitating Jesus: And Inclusive Approach to New Testament Ethics By Richard A. Burridge (2007, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing; p. 89) | return to list | The Fault in Our Stars By John Green (2012, Penguiin; p. 185) | return to list |

"A Moving Rhetoricke": Gender and Silence in Early Modern England By Christina Luckyj (2002, Manchester University Press; p. 13) | return to list |

Life in the Limes: Studies of the people and objects of the Roman frontiers edited by Rob Collins, Frances McIntosh (2014, Oxbow Books; p. 140) | return to list | The New Nationalism: How The Next Great American Debate Will Restore Our Country by Recasting our Politics By Harlan Field (2012, eBookIt.com; p. 1st page of chap. 24) | return to list |

40 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Comtean / Comtian

Confucian

Constantinian

Copernican

Coulomb

cretinous

Cromwellian

From the 1860s until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, a number of American liberal reformers were deeply influenced by Comtean ideas. In particular, the sociologist Lester Frank Ward and the journalist and publisher Herbert Croly worked to define American liberalism in Comtean terms. From their influence came the American impulse for technocratic social interventionism, the faith in a scientific elite, a belief both in the susceptibility of society to programmatic, scientifically formulated reform and in information as a means to social reform, and, finally, the statism and corporatism that have become ingrained in American liberalism. [Prince Saionji] lent his considerable prestige to the founding of an academy, the Ritsumeikan, which was conceived on the model of similar Neo-Confucian academies in the Tokugawa period. It was to be a counterpart to the new university, balancing, one might say, Saionji’s part in the creation of the Western-style Meiji University. Most American Constantinian Christians are unaware of their imperialistic identity because they do not see the parallel between the Roman empire that put Jesus to death and the American empire that they celebrate. As long as they can worship freely and pursue the American dream, they see the American government as a force for good. Within the confines of his Copernican revolution, Kant believes that he has successfully brought together our common conception of duty or moral obligation with our metaphysical yearning to prove the reality of transcendental freedom, the immortality of the soul, and the existence of God. Perhaps the most important success of quantum mechanics is the explanation of the internal electronic structure of atoms on the basis of general physical laws. The Schrödinger equation with a Coulomb potential, although a crude model of a “real” hydrogen atom, can describe its properties with high accuracy and explains the spectroscopic observations tham mechanicst have puzzled physicists at the beginning of the 20th century. The very idea of blowing up a crowd of unsuspecting strangers because you hate them in the abstract, or their government, or the culture to which they belong, smacks of something subhuman, something morally cretinous: a kind of moral subnormality so lacking in imagination or human sympathy that it can set at nothing the theft of a random number of lifetimes, while condemning many more lifetimes – those it left behind – to grief. After the successful conquest of Ireland by Oliver Cromwell, histories of 1641 appeared to remind authorities of what Irish Protestants had suffered during the previous decade. The establishment of the Cromwellian regime in Ireland provided an opportunity radically to alter the Irish political landscape. Histories of the 1641 rebellion played a key role in these debates: combatants in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms manipulated the past in order to

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

The Power of Knowledge: How Information and Technology Made the Modern World By Jeremy Black (2014, Yale UP; p. 264) | return to list |

Confucian Tradition and Global Education By William Theodore De Bary (2007, Chinese University Press; p. 48) | return to list |

Democracy Matters: Winning the Fight Against Imperialism By Cornel West (2005, Penguin; page unknown: prob in 5th chapter) | return to list |

Kant: The Three Critiques By Andrew Ward (2006, Polity; p. 173) | return to list |

Advanced Visual Quantum Mechanics By Bernd Thaller (2005, Springer Science & Business; p. 57) | return to list |

The Heart of Things: Applying Philosophy to the 21st Century By A.C. Grayling (2010, Hachette UK; p. 1st page of “Attitudes”) | return to list |

The Irish Rebellion of 1641 and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms By Eamon Darcy (2013, Boydell & Brewer; p. 132) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

defend their actions or to lobby Oliver Cromwell to pursue various policies in Ireland.

Cyrillic

Dantean / Dantesque

Darwinian

Davidic

Derridean

Dickensian

diesel

Dionysian

Dirac

Table 23 shows the completely new Cyrillic writing system for Uygur. This system had 32 letters to represent the 32 phonemes in Uygur: 24 letters were loaned from the Cyrillic alphabet and seven modified letters (Ғ, Җ, Ң, Қ, Ө, Ү, and Ҳ) were added. Think of other cases of cinematic plague-infested cities besides Aliens that have a similar deep structure to their Dantean Space. Consider, for example, The Third Man and Blade Runner, their core conflicts are also projected onto their richly realized phantasmagorical cities. It is interesting that all three of these films are plague narratives set in plague cities where the Protagonist, like Oedipus, tries to lift the curse from the oppressed denizens of the cursed city. [E]motions … are states … consistent with … a design by which genes can specify (some) goals or reinforcers of our actions. This means that the theory of emotion that I propose should not be seen as behaviourist, but instead as part of a much broader theory that takes an adaptive, Darwinian, approach to the functions of emotion, and how they are important in brain design. [A]t least for some members of the (post-exilic) community, they could constitute a kind of secret code by which the current Davidic descendant … could be seen to be the real Davidic ruler rather than the Persian king.

Multilingualism in China: The Politics of Writing Reforms for Minority Languages 1949-2002 By Minglang Zhou (2003, Walter de Gruyter; p. 183) | return to list | Media and The City: Urbanism, Technology and Communication edited by Simone Tosoni, Matteo Tarantino, Chiara Giaccardi (2014, Cambridge Scholars Publishing; p. 256) | return to list |

Emotion Explained By Edmund T. Rolls (2005, Oxford; p. 61) | return to list |

The Chronicler in His Age By Peter R. Ackroyd (1991, Bloomsbury, p. 224) | return to list |

There are strategic similarities between Derridean deconstruction and the traditions of the Zhuangzi and Chan Buddhism. Deconstruction in the traditions of the Zhuangzi and Chan Buddhism bears, therefore, a family resemblance to Derridean deconstruction.

Linguistic Strategies in Daoist Zhuangzi and Chan Buddhism: The other way of speaking By Youru Wang (2003, Routledge; page unknown: somewhere in Chapter 2) | return to list |

The most Dickensian of Dinkinsian (sic) moments to date came this fall when it was revealed that the mayor had commissioned an $11,500 headboard for his bedroom — this during a year when New York City children were being inadvertently shot in their sleep. Just the sort of bitter irony Dickens would have appreciated.

Spy Magazine, Dec 1990 By Bruce Handy (1990, Sussex; p. 65) | return to list |

For diesel vehicles, emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are the most critical of the smog precursors and are the most difficult to control with conventional technologies. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles are currently estimated to account for 33 percent of the total onroad vehicle NOx emissions. [I]n the Birth of Tragedy … Nietzsche describes the interaction of Apollonian and Dionysian forces. The individuating effects of Apollo and their collapse into the wild Dionysian frenzy attune the self to both its limits and to its limitless. It is, from my point of view, absolutely fascinating to see that all the electronic properties in spintronics and also condensed matter research in general emerge from just one single, small equation: the Dirac equation. Only the large number of particles is what

Demonstration of Lean NOx Catalytic Converter Technology on a Heavy-duty Diesel Engine by Martin J. Heimrich (1996, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, Research Division; p. xiii) | return to list | Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Daoist Thought: Crossing Paths InBetween By Katrin Froese (2007, SUNY; p. 95) | return to list | Single-site Green Function of the Dirac Equation for Full-potential Electron Scattering By Pascal Kordt (2012, Forschungszentrum Julich; p. 1)

42 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

makes it in practice impossible to solve the equation exactly in realistic solid state physics systems.

Dominican

Doppler

draconian

Du Boisian / DuBoisian

Duchampian

Durkheimian

Dylanesque

Edwardian

Einsteinian

In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries a young man usually entered the Dominican order at the age of fifteen or sixteen and was expected to have acquired at least a rudimentary education in grammar (that is, Latin) beforehand. The Doppler shift is a change in the frequency of sound caused by a moving reflector when observed by a stationary source. In the case of medical diagnostic ultrasound, the Doppler shift is caused by reflection off the red blood cells. The Malimath Committee, which was formed for the reforms in the criminal justice system, tried its best to dismantle the minimum protection given to the accused during trials and tried to bring in draconian provisions in the mainstream criminal law. As a subject with multiple, shifting identifications, the Du Boisian African American travels between the two or three cultures, thinking his or her differences from other Americans and accepting his or her equality to them, with the conflict and tension keeping the African American healthy, stimulated, progressive, and alive. The Pop aesthetic [from 1957-64] was anti-art in the Duchampian sense, anti-American in its ironic commentary on the cultural effects of rampant commercialism, and yet profoundly American in its appropriation of the same technology developed and designed for propagating consumer culture. For this it seems useful to draw on two powerful strands of institutionalist theory: classical sociology, referred to here for the sake of brevity as the Durkheimian perspective, and modern institutional economics, associated in shorthand with the name of Oliver Williamson. Man is manipulated by the powers that be (“his brain has been mismanaged with great skill“) - a typically Dylanesque obsession, clearly manifest in most of the songs of war and peace we have considered - until he finally turns into a commodity (“sell his body like they do used cars”). Historians rarely write or speak about Edwardian piety. It is assumed that whatever else Edwardian England was, it was not pious; it was a decade that cast aside the cramping conventions of the Victorian world. Certainly, at the highest level, King Edward did not appear to set a conspicuous example of holy living. [T]here is a fundamental problem in the standard presentations, conceptualizations, and understandings of all orthodox, or, what I will treat as meaning the same thing, Einsteinian formulations of general relativity. This problem makes itself fully manifest in the theory of measurement. The issue to be raised here, stated as blatantly as possible, is that these orthodox presentations of [general relativity] render problematic if not outright incoherent the very idea of measurement within cosmology.

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

| return to list | Renaissance Inquisitors: Dominican Inquisitors and Inquisitorial Districts ... By Michael Tavuzzi (2007, BRILL; p. 40) | return to list | Vascular Technology Examination PREP by Ray Gaiser, Traci B. Fox (2015, McGraw Hill Professional; p. 8) | return to list | Prisoners' Rights, Volume 2 edited by Colin Gonsalves, Vijay Hiremath, Rebecca Gonsalvez (2008, Socio Legal Information Cent.; p. xvi) | return to list | Postmodernism, Traditional Cultural Forms, and African American Narratives By W. Lawrence Hogue (2013, SUNY Press; p. 29) | return to list | Digital Currents: Art in the Electronic Age By Margot Lovejoy (2004, Routledge; page unknown: approx. 20th page of 2nd chapter) | return to list | Re-Forming Capitalism: Institutional Change in the German Political Economy By Wolfgang Streeck (2008, Oxford; page unknown: approx. 9th page of 11th chapter) | return to list | Life on the Tracks: Bob Dylan's Songs By Guido Bieri (2007, Lulu; p. 144) | return to list | History, Religion and Identity in Modern Britain By Keith Robbins (1993, Bloomsbury; p. 119) | return to list |

Whitehead and the Measurement Problem of Cosmology By Gary L. Herstein (2006, Walter de Gruyter; p. 15-6) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Elizabethan

Emersonian

enslaved / slavish

eolian / Aeolian / aeolian

Epicurean (phil)

epicurean (psy)

erotic

Euclidean

Eulerian

[F]rom songs and sonnets to epigrams and meditations, the several types of verse in this volume all share a peculiarly Elizabethan energy of personal and worldly discovery. The characteristic Emersonian sentence brims with confidence, declares rather than poses, and asserts an authority that by its confidence suggests it has the full backing of a valid syllogism. Often, however, the sentence in isolation states a firm conviction but relays an astonishingly empty message.... [from SelfReliance]: “Speak what you think now in hard words, and tomorrow speak what to-morrow thinks in hard words again, though it contradict every thing you said to-day.” Patrick Henry’s famous call to revolt—“Give me liberty! or give give me death!”—did not and was not intended to authorize the revolt of, for example, enslaved Africans and their descendants living in the colonies…. This is not to suggest … that … enslaved people did not identify with the cause of national independence or that they did not participate in acts that enabled separation. Many did. The softer limestone and marl and unconsolidated alluvial and eolian sediments weather more readily than hard limestone. [Some of the ingredients for a defence of utilitarianism] will be found particularly in the numerous discussions of pleasure and pain, taken initially from the Epicurean tradition, and in the account of the connections between utility, justice, and liberty, as developed by these thinkers. These pleasures do clearly relate to Sir Epicure Mammon’s epicurean and sensuous imaginings in The Alchemist. I will have all my beds blown up, not stuffed; Down is too hard. And then mine own oval room Filled with such pictures as Tiberius took From Elephantis, and dull Aretine But coldly imitated… …My mists I’ll have of perfume, vapoured ‘bout the room To loose ourselves in; and my baths like pits To fall into, from whence we will come forth And roll us dry in gossamer and roses Who or what we find attractive depends to a certain extent on fashions which the erotic art in this book reflects, comments and sometimes satirizes. How unique and definitive is Euclidean geometry in describing the "real" space in which we live? Richard Trudeau confronts the fundamental question of truth and its representation through mathematical models. The influence of geometrical nonlinearities is shown through a comparative application. In the first case the pylon is studied by means of an Eulerian analysis, while in the second case a Lagrangian approach is adopted.

Elizabethan Poetry: An Anthology By Bob Blaisdell (2005, Courier; p. iv) | return to list |

Composition as Ecology: Environments of Writing in American Poetry in the Emersonian Tradition By Gregory J. Hazleton (2008, ProQuest; p. 27) | return to list |

The Slumbering Volcano: American Slave Ship Revolts and the Production of Masculinity By Maggie Montesinos Sale (1997, Duke University Press; p. 15) | return to list | Soil Survey of Reagan and Upton Counties, Texas. U.S. Department of Agriculture (2003; p. 85) | return to list | Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill By F. Rosen (2003, Routledge; p. x) | return to list |

Readings in Renaissance Women's Drama: Criticism, History, and Performance 1594-1998 edited by S. P. Cerasano, Marion Wynne-Davies (2002, Routledge; Section 24, page unknown) | return to list |

Icons of Erotic Art By Pippa Hurd (2004, Prestel; p. 6) | return to list | The Non-Euclidean Revolution By Richard J. Trudeau (2008, Springer Science & Business; jacket) | return to list | Bridge Maintenance, Safety Management, Health Monitoring and Informatics edited by Hyun-Moo Koh, Dan Frangopol (2008, CRC; p. 268) | return to list |

44 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

eustachian / Eustachian

Fabian

fallopian / Fallopian

Fanonian

Fatimid

Faustian

Fenian

Fermi

Fibonacci

E. Steroid Perfusion of the Eustachian Tube For those patients who have chronic problems with severe eustachian tube dysfunction and have required many treatments with standard pressure-equalizing tubes, an alternative treatment exists. In 1884 a group of British Socialists who preferred to achieve their aims through democratic methods rather than through violent revolution opted to call themselves the Fabian Society to emphasize their nonconfrontational Fabian tactics. Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is the least common malignancy of the female genital tract and is estimated to account for less than 1.0% of all gynecologic malignancies. [Chiwengo on Wright:] “Justice Thomas of the Nigerian Supreme Court …, civilized and Westernized, ensures that his lengthy connection with Europe is recognized, and that he is differentiated from ‘[t]hose cannibal natives running naked in the bush.’ Wright despises him and diagnoses Thomas as suffering from ‘Frantz Fanonian alienation (dis)ease’ because of Thomas's desire to emulate and measure his achievements by British demeanor and intellectualism.” In the wake of a clandestine revolutionary movement among the Berbers of North Africa, Ubayd Allah alMahdi proclaimed himself the first Fatimid Imam in 910. Despite the similarities between the methodology and rhetoric of the Fatimids and that of the Abbasids, the Fatimid Imams belonged to the Isma’ili branch of Shi’i Islam, which was openly hostile to the Sunni Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad. In its recurring manifestations, the doubling motif [of Dr. Frankenstein and his Monster] denotes a Faustian drive for knowledge or power, a dangerous and even self-destructive impulse behind that fascination with the power of science or some select knowledge to enable man to duplicate himself artificially. Now almost completely forgotten, the Fenian invasions provided a truly odd footnote to American history. The Fenian Brotherhood was an Irish liberation movement named after Gaelic warriors from Ireland's pre-Christian era. At a convention in Chicago in 1863 its members took an oath to “labor with earnest zeal for the liberation of Ireland from the yoke of England.” The Fermi surface at room temperature is typically as well defined as is the surface of a peach, i.e. the surface has a little “fuzz”, but the overall shape is well defined. For many electrical properties, only the electrons near the Fermi surface are active. Therefore, the nature of the Fermi surface is very important. Many Fermi surfaces can be explained by starting with a free-electron Fermi surface in the extendedzone scheme and, then, mapping surface segments into the reduced-zone scheme. Whenever the golden ratio appears, it is a good bet that Fibonacci numbers lurk nearby. The Fibonacci sequence is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34 . . . , in which

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Ear and Temporal Bone Surgery: Minimizing Risks and Complications by Richard J. Wiet (2006, Thieme; p. unknown) | return to list | The Facts On File Dictionary of Classical and Biblical Allusions By Martin H. Manser, David Pickering (2003, Infobase; p. 123) | return to list | Surgical Oncology: Contemporary Principles & Practice by K. I. Bland, John M. Daly, Constantine P. Karakousis (2001) McGraw Hill Professional; p. 897) | return to list |

Race and Racism in Continental Philosophy By Sybol Cook (2003, Indiana University Press; p. 174) | return to list |

Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World By James E. Lindsay (2005, Greenwood Publishing Group; p. 103) | return to list | Liquid Metal: The Science Fiction Film Reader By Sean Redmond (2004, Wallflower; p. 58) | return to list | Searching for George Gordon Meade: The Forgotten Victor of Gettysburg By Tom Huntington (2013, Stackpole Books; p. 357) | return to list |

Solid-State Physics: Introduction to the Theory By James Patterson, Bernard Bailey (2011, Springer Science & Business; p. 266) | return to list |

Penrose Tiles to Trapdoor Ciphers: And the Return of Dr Matrix

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Flavian

Fordist

Foucauldian

Fourier

Franciscan

Fregean

Freirean / Freirian

each number after the first two is the sum of the two preceding numbers. A general Fibonacci sequence is defined in the same way, except that it can begin with any pair of numbers. A property of every Fibonacci sequence of positive integers is that the ratio of adjacent terms gets closer and closer to phi, approaching the golden ratio as a limit. It is not known exactly when the Colosseum got its name from the colossus next to it, although it was well into the Middle Ages; in antiquity Rome's most famous building was known as the Flavian Amphitheater, or simply as the Amphitheater. A recent reconstruction of an inscription found on one of the Colosseum’s blocks [70.1] confirms that the monument had the standard financing, in this case booty from the Jewish War waged by the first Flavian emperor Vespasian and his sons Titus and Domitian. The emergence in the 1940s of the Fordist mode, also described as a monopolistic mode, solved the structural crisis of the Fordist REGIME OF ACCUMULATION (ROA). Thanks to the Fordist mode, the mass-production characteristic of the Fordist regime was matched by mass consumption.

In this sense this is a Foucauldian archaeology of patriotism in the United States of America illustrated and explicated through the current discourse created by the USA PATRIOT Act.

The most extensive application of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in food microbiology has been the identification and characterization of bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae. For identification, the infrared (IR) spectrum of an unknown species is compared with all spectra present in a previously constructed database and is matched to the reference strain whose spectrum is most similar. (IR) adfdasf (IR) (IR) spectrum (IR) spectrum of an This work offers a complete resource for the thousands of people who are members of the First (male), Second (female) and Third (lay men and women) Associates and friends of Franciscan communities, and all who aspire to embrace the … [teachings]. The Fregean conception of logic as a description of the laws of truth and as accordingly determining the normative laws of thinking took logical investigation to be a sublime quest after the laws governing the relations of all thoughts, no matter what their subject matter. Freirean theory insists that insight and solutions must come from the people themselves; the Freirean educator’s role is that of facilitator. This is a hard row to hoe, however, especially when one has at one’s disposal the authority of the teacher and the catechist.

By Martin Gardner Cambridge UP; p. 109) | return to list |

(1997,

Rome Alive: A Source-Guide to the Ancient City Volume I By Peter J. Aicher (2004, BolchazyCarducci; p. 180) | return to list |

Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy: Entries A-F edited by R. J. Barry Jones (2001, Routledge, p. 561) | return to list | The Patriot, the Other & the Hall of Mirrors: A Foucauldian Archaeology of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 by Rupa G. Thadhani (2007, Virginia Commonwealth University; page unknown) | return to list | Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Food Microbiology By Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez, Miguel Prieto (2012, Springer Science & Business; p. 19) | return to list | Joy in All Things: A Franciscan Companion By Franciscan Assoc of Gb (2009, Hymns Ancient and Modern; jacket) | return to list | Wittgenstein: Understanding and Meaning: Volume 1 of an Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical Investigations, Part 2 By G. P. Baker, P. M. S. Hacker (2008, John Wiley & Sons; p. 191) | return to list | Democracy: In the Throes of Liberalism and Totalitarianism By George F. McLean, Robert R. Magliola, William Fox (2003, CRVP; p. 218) | return to list |

46 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Freudian

Galenic

Galilean

galvanized / galvanic

Gandhian

gargantuan

Garveyite

Gaullist

Gaussian

Georgian

This book argues that conventional interpretations of Freudian psychology have not accounted for the existence and complexity of death anxiety and its intrinsic relation to the creation of illusions and delusions. By 1550 most leading academics in Europe were Galenists. But their position was coming under attack from three sides. Galenic method in clinical medicine was cumbersome and beyond the capacity of most doctors to carry out properly. The followers of Paracelsus … asserted that Galenic herbal remedies were [ineffective]. All reference frames moving with constant velocity are Galilean, so Newton's laws are valid in these frames. Every mechanical system will therefore behave in the same way in all Galilean frames. This is the Galilei– Newton principle of relativity. [M]etal ions from solution are reduced and deposited onto a substrate that is oxidized and dissolved to complete the redution-oxidation cycle. This coupling of metal reduction and substrate oxidation provides the spatial selectivity observed in galvanic displacement. Trading is an ancient activity, but one which, through what I call the 'Gandhian Propensity', was traditionally controlled, 'embedded' in social norms, made subservient to cultural values and sometimes frowned upon as well as having its occasional seamy side and its own vested interest groups. ‘It was impossible to imagine any gesture of [Fevver’s] that did not have that kind of grand, vulgar, careless generosity about it; there was enough of her to go round, and some to spare’ (p. 12). Her generosity is tied to her gargantuan appetite. However, no Garveyite party, nor any lasting Garveyite organisation, was founded in Africa. What came from the Diaspora was inspiration, not any detailed organisation of activity in Africa. The influence was sometimes in a radical direction, as in the case of Garvey, but not always. Only by modernizing in this fashion could France maintain its grandeur and prosperity in a postcolonial, Cold War world. On the whole, French hotels in the 1960s featured everything that this Gaullist ideal disdained: small size, artisanal or even familial management, and low-technology labor practices. This book is concerned with linear time series and random fields in both the Gaussian and especially the non-Gaussian context focusing on autoregressive moving average models and analogous random fields. Georgian architecture was introduced in the early 1700s in England. A revival of sixteenth-century Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio's classical forms, the style became a stronghold in both England and Colonial America. This style was brought over by English loyalists who were seeking a way to express

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Death and Delusion: A Freudian Analysis of Mortal Terror By Jerry S. Piven (2004, IAP; jacket) | return to list | Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Classical tradition, Volume 3 by Manfred Landfester, Hubert Cancik, Helmuth Schneider (2008, Brill; p. 434) | return to list | Einstein's General Theory of Relativity: With Modern Applications in Cosmology By Øyvind Grøn, Sigbjorn Hervik (2007, Springer Science & Business; p. 5) | return to list | Dynamics and Mechanism of Copper Deposition Onto Silicon by Galvanic Displacement By Calvin Paul daRosa (2008, ProQuest; p. 1-2) | return to list | Free Trade: Myths, Realities and Alternatives By Graham Dunkley (2004, Zed Books; p. 95) | return to list | The Body of Nature and Culture by Rod Giblett (2008, Palgrave MacMillan; p. 77) | return to list | Africa's 'Agitators': Militant Anticolonialism in Africa and the West, 1918-1939 By Jonathan Derrick (2008, Hurst; p. 427) | return to list | Cold War Holidays: American Tourism in France By Christopher Endy (2004, University of North Carolina Press; p. 168) | return to list | Gaussian and Non-Gaussian Linear Time Series and Random Fields By Murray Rosenblatt (2000, Springer Science & Business; jacket) | return to list | Architectural Trim By Nancy E. Berry (2007, Quarry Books; p. 42) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

their newfound wealth and status as landowners and merchants in the New World.

giant

gigantic

Gladstonian

Godelian

Golgi

Gothic

Gramscian

Gregorian (art)

Giant Cell Arteritis is known by other names – temporal arteritis, Horton's Disease, cranial arteritis and granulomatous arteritis. It is manifested by the presence of giant cells in the lining of the wall of a of a large or medium sized artery and is one of many vasculitic diseases. Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) affects mainly people aged 50 or older, women more than men, and almost exclusively Caucasians. The beams of the deck were slippery; two or three times she nearly lost her footing, and once only saved herself from falling by clutching at a gigantic coil of rope, rope thicker than her arm in a coil as tall as herself. The Liberal Party itself, founded in 1859, governed for twenty-two of the following thirty six years, until Gladstonian Liberalism finally reached its limits and the party went down to crushing defeat in 1895. In the succeeding ten decades, the party swung from landslide victory and reforming government to dissension and disintegration. In essence, these Godelian impossible problems require an infinite number of steps to be solved. So Penrose's first conjecture is that machines cannot do what humans can do because machines can only follow an algorithm. An algorithm cannot solve a Godelian unsolvable problem. But humans can. Therefore, humans are better. Condensation of the protein secretory substance, addition of polysaccharides, and packaging of this material into secretory granules take place within the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus consists of sacs bounded with smooth-surfaced membranes. Some large and more or less dilated sacs are called vacuoles; some are flattened and arranged parallel to one another forming a stack or heap of lamellae; others, round and very small, are termed vesicles. [T]he roots of the Gothic are French. Not only were French master builders called abroad to introduce the new building style, German master builders and stonemasons also went to France, mainly to Paris, where, from the end of the eleventh century, cultural conditions emerged to which Gothic architecture owes the best part of its growth and development. The neo-Gramscian perception of the consolidation of hegemony requires coercion plus consent, and the logic of this kind of hegemonic struggle is ideal for an account of Korean development in this context of class struggle because it emphasises the importance of knowledge and ideas for a complete understanding of power relations. Whatever the origin of Gregorian chant, it is clear the Carolingian desire for liturgical and political uniformity imposed “Gregorian” chant throughout the realm. And with this tide of uniformity was swept away much music that, as it is gradually recovered and studied, gives a far richer picture of musical practice in early medieval Europe than was formerly known.

Giant Cell Arteritis - An Elusive Odyssey By James Rupp (2008, Lulu; p. 6) | return to list |

The Happy Mariners By Gerald Bullett (2013, Bloomsbury; p. 1st page of Chap. 6) | return to list | Volume Three. Liberal Party General Election Manifestos 1900-1997 edited by Iain Dale, Iain Dale Nfa (2012, Routledge; p. 1) | return to list | The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence By Ray Kurzweil (1999, Viking; p. 117) | return to list |

Ultrastructure of Endocrine Cells and Tissues edited by P. Motta (2012, Springer Science & Business; p. 7) | return to list |

Gothic Art By Victoria Charles, Klaus H. Carl (2008, Parkstone International; p. 8) | return to list | Globalisation and Labour Struggle in Asia: A Neo-Gramscian Critique of South Korea’s Political Economy By Phoebe Moore (2007, I.B.Tauris; p. 1) | return to list |

The Beneventan Chant By Thomas Forrest Kelly (1989, Cambridge University Press; p. 1) | return to list |

48 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Gregorian (rel)

Gregorian (sci)

Gricean

Grotian

Gupta

Habsburg

Hadrianic

Hamiltonian

And if it is true that the Gregorian reform movement helped to inspire an artistic renaissance in twelfthcentury France, how did the idea that the church was to be reborn, renewed, and not even to look as it did before, become translated into early manifestations of the art often called “Gothic”? There are three time standards in current use: Gregorian, DMY, and UTCO. In all cases, timing is assumed to be referenced to the Greenwich Meridian and the contemporary Gregorian calendar. [I]t is obvious enough that Grice’s theory is deeply imbued with such psychological notions as belief, intention, and so forth. It is somewhat remarkable, therefore, that the Gricean framework is often claimed not to be a psychological one, or not to make “psychological predictions”. The discipline of political science has never really resolved what it refers to as the first great debate, namely the debate of whether humans are fundamentally egoistic or social, (Hobbesian tradition versus Grotian tradition) … and it continues to be deeply involved in what it refers to as the third great debate, namely the debate as to whether social sciences may in fact be objective (positivism versus post-positivism). All the important legal luminaries such as Yajnavalkya, Narada, Brihaspati, Parashara, Kamandaka and others seem to have flourished in this golden period of political history or nearabout this period. Thus, the Gupta period represents the culmination of the intellectual glory specially in the field of law and makes a landmark in the administration of law and justice. The Gupta period though with certain ups and downs, led to the evolution of legal culture in a very massive way… In March 1848, the Habsburg monarchy was subjected to the greatest internal crisis theretofore known in theh course of its long and complex history, but it was able to overcome that challenge withing the next year and a half. The next great crisis, however, occasioned by World War I, was to prove fatal. Many scholars rightly argue that the barriers such as Hadrian’s Wall in Britain and the Hadrianic palisade in Germany were never intended to withstand a determined assault; they were not designed to be defended like castles under siege. They were at best a means of population control, of slowing down movement and hindering attackers until the army assembled to meet them in the field. [Chapter] 1.1 Coexistence of the Dynamical Order and Chaos Hamiltonian systems are carriers of chaos. With minimal restrictions, the phase space of an arbitrary dynamic Hamiltonian system contains regions where motion is accompanied by a mixing of trajectories in the phase space. The analytical and graphic methods currently available are not good enough to capture the dynamics, which can be either chaotic or regular.

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Gothic Song: Victorine Sequences and Augustinian Reform in Twelfth-Century Paris By Margot Elsbeth Fassler (1993, Cambridge University Press; p. 211) | return to list | Numerical Partial Differential Equations for Environmental Scientists and Engineers By Daniel R. Lynch (2004, Springer Science & Business; p. 371) | return to list | Quantity Implicatures By Bart Geurts (2010, Cambridge UP; p. 67) | return to list |

Debating Globalization By John Balonze (2006, TellerBooks; p. 224) | return to list |

Essays on Legal Systems in India By Raj Kumar (2003, Discovery Publishing House; p. 31) | return to list |

Beyond Nationalism: A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps 1848-1918 By Istvan Deak (1990, Oxford UP; p. 3) | return to list | Late Roman Army By Karen R. Dixon, Pat Southern (2014, Routledge; p. 1st page of chap. VII) | return to list |

The Physics of Chaos in Hamiltonian Systems George M. Zaslavsky (2007, World Scientific; p. 1) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Hanafi

Hanoverian

Hashemite

Hasmonean

Haversian / haversian

Hawking

Hegelian

Historically, the dominant branch of Islamic Shari’a in Russia’s Muslim regions has been the Hanafi school based on the teachings of Imam Abu Hanifa. The only exception is Dagestan, where the Shafei tradition is predominant. The dominance of the Hanafi school is partly due to the fact that Islamic teaching penetrated most Muslim-inhabited parts of the present-day Russian Federation from Central Asia, especially Bukhara. Imam Abu Hanifa was born in Central Asia and developed his views there. While it was clear that the end of the War of Spanish Succession would see Britain reassess relations with other European powers, there was no guarantee that trade would be very high on the agenda. Britain had entered the war with two overriding objectives: to secure the Hanoverian succession threatened by French support for the exiled Stuart court, and to ensure that the Bourbon monarchy did not control both France and the Spanish Empire. It was Abdullah who educated Hussein, who taught him what it meant to be a Hashemite, and who enjoined him to preserve and develop the kingdom that he had created. The assassination of his grandfather and mentor at the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem in 1951 was the most formative influence in Hussein’s early life…. Thus, from a very young age, Hussein carried on his shoulders a heavy sense of responsibility for the Hashemite heritage. Above all, this meant preserving Jordan as an independent state under the rule of the Hashemite dynasty. And then, in 167 BCE, the Hasmoneans began to lead the Jews in revolt against the Greek-Syrian power. Guerrilla warfare from the Judean and Samarian mountains bore fruit: in 164 the Jews liberated Jerusalem and purified the temple. This act of religious rededication inaugurated the holiday of Hanukkah that recalled the Hasmonean-Maccabean victory over an alien occupier of Eretz-Israel [Land of Israel]. Most of the thickness of compact bone, however, is occupied by the Haversian systems also known as osteons: lamellae concentrically arranged around a central Haversian canal. The osteons are the products of bone remodeling. In the previous section, we mentioned the Beckenstein-Hawking entropy of black holes, and that this entropy satisfies the second law of thermodynamics, that in a closed system like the universe, entropy must increase in time. Material that is falling into a black hole carries entropy of its own, which lowers the entropy of the environment. Beckenstein showed that the sum of the entropy lost to the environment and the entropy gained by the hole from swallowing the material is always positive. Hegelian philosophy, in Morris's eyes, not only demonstrated a deep appreciation for progress and individuality but also postulated the existence of God and order: “Philosophy is concerned only with the splendor of the Idea, which is mirrored in universal history....[The] development … of freedom … and

Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security By Shireen Hunter, Jeffrey L. Thomas, Alexander Melikishvili (2004, M.E. Sharpe; p. 79) | return to list |

The Politics of Trade: The Overseas Merchant in State and Society, 1660-1720 By Perry Gauci (2001, Oxford UP; p. 236) | return to list |

Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace By Avi Shlaim (2008, Penguin UK; p. 1st page of Epilogue) | return to list |

Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and SelfExpression, 2d ed. By Mordechai Nisan (2002, McFarland; p. 255) | return to list |

Endocrine Physiology by Balint Kacsoh (2000, McGraw Hill Professional; p. 129) | return to list |

The Search for the Meaning of Space, Time, and Matter: Images of Many Travels By Kai Woehler (2009, Xlibris; p. 333) | return to list |

Reluctant Modernism: American Thought and Culture, 1880–1900 By George Cotkin (2004, Rowman & Littlefield; p. 47) | return to list |

50 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

[the] progressive realization of the spiritual nature of man [is] ‘the justification of God in history’”.

Heideggerian

Heraclitean

Herculean/ herculean

hermaphroditic

hermeneutic / hermeneutical

Hermetic (rel)

hermetic (sci)

Three answers [for] how we should conceive of our relation to the Western philosophical tradition…: They are the Husserlian (or 'scientistic') answer, the Heideggerian (or 'poetic') answer and the pragmatist (or 'political') answer…. The Heideggerian and pragmatist answers are reactions to this familiar ‘scientistic’ answer. Heidegger turns away from the scientist to the poet. The philosophical thinker is the only figure who is on the same level as the poet. Heraclitus [spoke of] that Volk with whom we have an ancestral kinship … and an essential affinity. This Heraclitean saying is one that we usually know only in its worn-out and truncated form. Hence we usually say "strife is the father of all things." But the Greek text [adds] “Conflict is the begetter of all things—of all things, however, also their ruler—; and indeed some it manifests as gods, others and humans. Some it makes appear as slaves, others as masters. (GA 16: 283)” But in recent times the sports-fitness-entertainment trinity have so exaggerated the link between sexuality and Herculean fitness that a singles' bar mentality has come to pervade many health clubs and wellness centers. A synchronous hermaphroditic striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, was captured offshore of [the Southeast US] during the commercial roe mullet fishery harvest. The fish … was determined to be 4 years old by otolith analysis. Gross examination of the gonads revealed four lobes: right and left ovaries and right and left testis which represents a unique occurrence among hermaphroditic fish. The hermeneutic turn: STRUCTURE. If psychoanalysis sharpened Ricoeur's sense of the 'conflictual structure of the hermeneutic task' (RM: 309), structuralism reinforced his rationalism. There are deep continuities between his early insistence that phenomenology must be ‘structural’ and his later incorporation of a moment of objective explanation within the hermeneutic arc. Copernicus and Hermetism: We have also been told that the core of the [Renaissance Neoplatonist] (author’s brackets) movement was Hermetic, involving a view of the cosmos as a network of magical forces with which man can operate…. [This allowed for] that changed attitude of man to the cosmos which was the necessary preliminary to the rise of science. Many medical devices require a hermetic seal, where the internal volume of the device must be sealed to the outside environment. As package cases and sensor bodies become thinner, it becomes more difficult to maintain weld quality, hermeticity, and low thermal input.

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Essays on Heidegger and Others: Philosophical Papers By Richard Rorty (1991, Cambridge University; p. 9) | return to list |

Heidegger's Roots: Nietzsche, National Socialism, and the Greeks By Charles R. Bambach (2003, Cornell University Press; p. 130) | return to list |

Unified Fitness: A 35-Day Exercise Program for Sustainable Health: Western and Chinese Fitness Solutions to Chronic Health Problems by John Alton (2002, Hampton Roads; p. 284) | return to list | Occurrence of a Synchronous Hermaphroditic Striped Mullet, Mugil cephalus, from the Northern Gulf of Mexico by James Franks et al. (1998, Gulf Research Reports 10 (1); p. 1) | return to list |

Paul Ricoeur By Steven H. Clark (1990, Taylor & Francis; p. 90) | return to list |

Historical and Philosophical Perspectives of Science By Roger H. Stuewer (1989, Taylor & Francis; p. 164) | return to list | Medical Device Materials: Proceedings from the Materials & Processes for Medical Devices Conference edited by Sanjay Shrivastava (2004, ASM International; p. 37) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Herodian

Herodotean

Hippocratic

Hitchcockian

Hitlerian

Hobbesian

Homeric

Horatian

Hubble

In the wake of the Herodian misrule, the Romans took over governance of Palestine and ran it with an iron hand. The burdens imposed on the populace were more burdensome than ever. Revolutionary messianic movements sprang up everywhere. Presumably the accusations brought against Jesus that led to his crucifixion were cast in terms of such a messianic revolt. What we may have here, then, is again something very much like a Herodotean 'he said/she said'. The disputants accept accounts of the past that justify their present beliefs, just as Herodotean figures present versions of the past that make their own nations appear guiltless. Clytemnestra implicitly denies that any prophecy or other authoritative source required that the sacrifice be Agememnon’s child. The Hippocratic approach to medicine is not simply an ethical viewpoint but rather a philosophy of disease. In that philosophy, disease is natural, and cure also comes from nature. Hitchcockian suspense does not structure desire around a single focus, but rather divides our desire between two different antagonistic possibilities. We desire to see the villain punished, but we also experience sympathy for the villain's predicament. “The day of victory—sad, very sad.” That is the only line in Jewish Agency chair and future first prime minister of Israel David Ben-Gurion's diary for the day Germany surrendered, May 8, 1945.1 The entire free world celebrated victory over the Hitlerian monster, but the Jewish people were far from able to take part in the celebration. V-E Day found the length and breadth of Europe strewn with Jewish corpses. The Hobbesian detachment of a reflective self from the activities that it engaged in involved him in developing a picture of that self as holding beliefs supportive of his state's authority. The Homeric poems, mainly the Iliad, have bequeathed to the ensuing generations many sources of inspiration, and this influence has been preserved on ancient pottery…. Illustrations Proving Medical Knowledge: Homeric poems, greatly popular works, along with accurate depictions of wounds on ancient vases were used as reference. [T]he Cameroonian novelists of English expression artistically denounce and condemn the ills of their society. To do this they use satire as a weapon to criticize wittily and humorously the flaws, foibles and follies of human beings with the sole aim of correcting them. Since the intention of these novelists is to reform man and not to destroy him, to reform their society and not to destroy it, their satire is generally the Horatian type. The latter is the kind of mild satire that holds up to gentle ridicule the absurdities of human beings. The Hubble expansion might suggest that we're at the center of the universe, since distant galaxies are all receding from us. But an observer on any other galaxy would see the same thing.

Thy Kingdom Come: Psychoanalytic Perspectives on the Messiah and the Millennium By William W. Meissner (1995, Bowman & Littlefield; p. 47) | return to list |

Greek Notions of the Past in the Archaic and Classical Eras By John Marincola (2012, Edinburgh UP; p. 125) | return to list | Mood Disorders: A Practical Guide By S. Nassir Ghaemi (2007, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; p. 54 ) | return to list | The Real Gaze: Film Theory after Lacan By Todd McGowan (2008, SUNY; p. 238) | return to list | His Majesty's Enemies: Great Britain's War Against Holocaust Victims and Survivors By Itamar Levin (2001, Greenwood Publishing Group; p. 17) | return to list | Political Concepts By Richard Bellamy, Andrew Mason (2003, Manchester University Press; p. 99) | return to list | Science and Technology in Homeric Epics Edited by S. A. Paipetis (2008, Springer Science & Business; p. 267) | return to list |

The Cameroonian Novel of English Expression. An Introduction: An Introduction By S. A. Ambanasom (2009, African Books Collective; p. 201) | return to list |

Essential College Physics, Vol. 2 by Andrew F. Rex, Richard Wolfson (2010, Addison-Wesley/Pearson Education; p. 626) | return to list |

52 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Humean

Husserlian

Hussite

Ignatian

Ismaili / Isma’ili

Jacksonian

Jacobean

Jacobite

Jamesian (art)

[T]he basic Humean reason against the possibility of justified belief in miracles is that such an event cannot be judged to "resemble," in relevant respects, anything that we have (or could have) experienced in the past. He writes, "The Husserlian demand for the return to intuition is countered by the necessity for all understanding to be mediated by an interpretation" (Ricoeur 1994, 106). In other words, Ricoeur claims that Husserlian phenomenology excludes the concept of interpretation. Iconographically, the Hussite movement is significant. The Taborites were ferocious iconoclasts and the havoc they wreaked on the artistic culture of late medieval Bohemia can only be deplored. On the other hand we find among the more moderate branches of the movement a rich tradition of visual representations. The dominant symbol of the Hussite movement became the chalice, the central motif of reformed Bohemian religion. At the core of the Ignatian vision is the concept of the magis, or the “more.” … The idea of constantly seeking “the more” implies change. The magis is a movement away from the status quo; and moving away from the status quo defines change. The Ignatian vision requires individuals and institutions to embrace the process of change as a vehicle for personal and institutional improvement. Ghazali made Sufism safe for Islam, but he did not disarm the Ismailis, whose ideological and military assault on Baghdad continued for well more than two centuries, though not always with the same methods. In the twelfth century, the Ismaili apparatus in Iraq and Iran broke loose from Egyptian political control and pursued its own revolutionary course. Unlike some political movements Jacksonian Democracy was not a reform program; it was a political philosophy with Andrew Jackson as the principal leader…. [Turner] saw the movement as a political movement with political power shifting to the West from the East. Few canons in the Anglophone literatures are quite as notorious as that of Jacobean tragedy. With its bloody bombast, hyperactive emotionality and graphic violence, the tragic drama written and performed during the reign of King James I has become coterminous with the ruthless violation of the accepted rules of good taste, moral decency and aesthetic order. With this work, the author contends that the Highland rebellion was not a despairing last stand by a Celtic civilisation, and that Jacobite loyalties were not solely determined by the Highland line, Gaelic culture, or religion. Wharton's most Jamesian novel — which James himself praised for its "Racinian unity, intensity and gracility" (Powers 239) – The Reef is more analytical than Ethan Frome, reflecting upon, as well as reflecting, conflicting feelings of desire, guilt, and loss. The later novel explicitly confronts issues of intimacy,

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Hume and the Problem of Miracles: A Solution By Michael Levine (1989, Springer Science & Business; p. 190) | return to list | From affectivity to subjectivity: Husserl's phenomenology revisited By Christian Lotz (2007, Palgrave Macmillan; p. 33) | return to list |

Jan Hus: Religious Reform and Social Revolution in Bohemia By Thomas A. Fudge (2017, I.B. Tauris; p. 1st page of chap. 10 | return to list |

A Commonsense Approach to Educational Leadership By Robert Palestini, Ed.D (2012, R&L Education; p. 27) | return to list | The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition; Volume I: The Peoples of God By F. E. Peters (2005, Princeton UP; p. 327) | return to list | American History for Everyone: A Narrative History of the United States By Earl G. Young (2008, Xlibris; p. 126) | return to list | The Theatre of Civilized Excess: New Perspectives on Jacobean Tragedy By Anja Müller-Wood (2007, Rodopi; p. 9) | return to list | 1745: A Military History of the Last Jacobite Rising By Stuart Reid (1996, Spellmount; jacket) | return to list | Edith Wharton: Matters of Mind and Spirit By Carol J. Singley (1998, Cambridge University Press; p. 128) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

truth, and betrayal in relationships, whereas Ethan Frome leaves them to the reader’s imagination.

Jamesian (phil)

Jeffersonian

Jekyll and Hyde

Jesuit / Jesuitical

Johannine

jovial

Jovian

Julian

It is the centrality of this vision, this very Jamesian vision, that more recent and very different spiritualties fail to grasp. The point, for “the spirituality of William James,” is that James understood the highest levels of spirituality to emerge only from an honest confrontation with the evil in oneself and the world. Ohio was made a state in 1803, during the Jeffersonian ascendancy in American politics. The Jeffersonian ideals of limited government and active parties organized at the county level became a permanent part of Ohio politics. [A]ttending to the interests of particular cultural groups risks contradicting theh principles of liberal democracy and its emphasis on the autonomous individual. Torn between such competing and conflicting understandings of democracy, the media find it increasingly difficult to marry rhetoric with practice, and for strategic instrumentalist reasons may opt for a Jekyll and Hyde personality. Taking the latter option has meant the propagation of liberal democratic rhetoric in principle while at the same time promoting the struggles for recognition and representation of the various cultural, ethnic or sectarian groups with which they identify. In 1994, while I was doing my research for The Secrets of Jesuit Breadmaking, I was able to go to Azpeitia in the Basque section of Spain, and to stay at Loyola Castle, which is a Jesuit community built up around the very home where Ignatius was born and raised. I spent a glorious day with a Brother Eziguera. Brother Eziguera had been a cook for many years, with a specialty in baking bread, and he spent the entire day teaching me how to make some of the most beautiful breads I’d ever seen. Earlier in this study, I stated that the language of the Johannine community was in fact their native Greek, with all its outside influences, from which the community had appropriated and adapted whatever words and terms they required. II. Nature of Auspicious and Inauspicious Planets…. 4. Jupiter: It is very wise, jovial, scholarly, learned and popular. It is phlegmatic and dwells at sacred places or places of worship. 5. Mercury: It is learned, wellread, jovial and liberal. It is phlegmatic and quicktempered and is related to sacred places. We can now be fairly certain that Jovian lightning occurs from cloud to cloud discharge, as most lightning occurs on Earth, and that Jovian lightning occurs in water clouds. [O]n the Julian calendar it is customary to refer to the year preceding 1 C.E. as 1 BCE., counting it as a leap year in accordance with the every-fourth-year leapyear rule of the Julian calendar.

The Collected Ernie Kurtz By Ernest Kurtz (2008, iUniverse; p. 70) | return to list | Political Encyclopedia of U.S. States and Regions edited by Donald P. Haider-Markel (2008, CQ; p. 613) | return to list |

Africa's Media: Democracy and the Politics of Belonging By Francis B. Nyamnjoh (2005, Zed Books; p. 3) | return to list |

The Secrets of Jesuit Soupmaking: A Year of Our Soups By Rick Curry (2002, Penguin; p. 2nd page of Introduction) | return to list |

An Introduction to Language in the Johannine Community: Love, Friendship, and Discipleship in the Gospel according to John By David Kaczmarek, T.O.R. (2008, Xlibris; p. 55) | return to list | Lal Kitab By U. C. Mahajan (2004, Pustak Mahal; p. 16) | return to list | Jupiter: and How to Observe It By John W. McAnally (2007, Springer Science & Business; p. 86) | return to list | Calendrical Calculations By Nachum Dershowitz, Edward M. Reingold (2008, Cambridge University Press; p. 14) | return to list |

54 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

jumbo

Jungian

Kafkaesque

Kantian

Kemalist

Keplerian

Keynesian

Kleinian

A fully loaded jumbo jet can weigh 500 tons (450 metric tons) or more. So how does something so big and heavy get off the runway?

Jungian analysis is based on a comprehensive model of the human psyche, one that offers a psychotherapeutic approach to psychological healing that facilitates mature development of the personality.

Svejkism and the Kafkaesque are universal phenomena that exist independently of the work of Jaroslav HaSek and Franz Kafka; the two Prague writers merely gave names for these phenomena, and their works gave them a certain form. I will also suggest that the Kantian Imperative has highly questionable ethical consequences, which means that we should not accept it as a model for ethical and political deliberation…. My concern … is that by legitimating humiliation as a central moment of moral discipline, by employing and strengthening the politics of common sense, and by making necessary an imperative image of morality, Kant's project, despite its noble intentions, is insufficiently attentive to the risk that it might sustain and nourish cruel approaches to politics and ethics. It is hard to avoid the impression that Turkey's Kemalist consensus has reached some kind of a turning point since the late 1980s. In the 1920s and 1930s, the founding fathers of the Turkish Republic, in particular Mustafa Kemal, had envisioned for Turkey a linear process of modernization at the end of which an ethnically homogenous and unambiguously secular state would emerge. The orbit distance between two Keplerian orbits with a common focus is useful to know if two celestial bodies moving along these orbits can collide or undergo a very close approach. If the orbit distance is large enough there is no possibility of such an event, at least during the time span in which the Keplerian solutions are a good approximation of the real orbits. Multiplier analysis is a central focus of Keynesian – and Kaleckian – macroeconomics. It is the basis upon which much of Keynesian and post-Keynesian theory of employment and aggregate demand is based. It is, in particular, what gives strong validity to activist fiscal policies, the aim of which is to reduce unemployment and increase economic growth. Self-punishment as defence … is one of a number of papers published by Kleinian writers around [1980] on the subject of pathological organizations… The particular defensive structure … is one in which the patient uses continuous self-punishment to avoid knowing about the damaged state of his internal objects, and thereby avoid guilt. He constantly blames

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Wildlife Photographer By William David Thomas (2008, Gareth Stevens; p. 7) | return to list | Educational Opportunities in Integrative Medicine: The A to Z Healing Arts Guide and Professional Resource Directory By Douglas Wengell, Nathen Gabriel, Adam Perlman, M.D. (2008, The Hunter Press; p. 212) | return to list | History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries, Volume 1 edited by Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer (2004, John Benjamins; p. 236) | return to list |

The Kantian Imperative: Humiliation, Common Sense, Politics By Paul Saurette (2005, University of Toronto; p. 15) | return to list |

Kurdish Nationalism and Political Islam in Turkey: Kemalist Identity in Transition By Omer Taspinar (2004, Routledge; p. 203) | return to list | Near Earth Objects, Our Celestial Neighbors (IAU S236): Opportunity and Risk By International Astronomical Union. Symposium (2007, Cambridge UP; p. 3) | return to list | The Keynesian Multiplier edited by Claude Gnos, LouisPhilippe Rochon (2008, Routledge; p. 1) | return to list |

On Bearing Unbearable States of Mind By Ruth Riesenberg-Malcolm (2003, Routledge; p. 87) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

himself, but does nothing to put right the damage he feels he has caused.

Kuhnian

Lacanian

laconic

Lagrangian

Lamarckian

Lancastrian

Laplacian

Kuhn describes the replacement of one paradigm by another as a scientific revolution. In due course, the new paradigm may be undermined by anomalies. There will be a new crisis and another revolution. Scientific progress in this Kuhnian interpretation is by revolution. Paradigms are replaced by new paradigms. However, Kuhn would not claim that each successive paradigm brings the scientific community closer to the ultimate truth. This book argues, however, that the logical structure underpinning Lacanian psychoanalytic theory is a complex, paradoxical relationality that corresponds to Derrida's plural logic of the aporia.

In this respect [Pushkin] is an unsurpassed master: everything in his works is so laconic and vivid, hits the aim and rapidly too, there is nothing superfluous…

Lagrangian trajectory analysis is used to determine sites where water masses from the [Equatorial Undercurrent] upwell and later downwell. The use of Lagrangian mean transports to trace particles takes into account high-temporal variability in the tropics. Is Cultural/Scientific Evolution Really Lamarckian? There are not many theories that have been as successful as the idea that cultural evolution is Lamarckian [and not Darwinian. Gould writes:] “…This crux in the Earth’s history has been reached because Lamarckian processes have finally been unleashed upon it. Human cultural evolution, in strong opposition to our biological history, is Lamarckian in character.” Oxford and the Courtenays are representatives of the remnants of the old Lancastrian nobility. They had been exiled for their loyalty to the cause of Lancaster, and their property and wealth confiscated. To them the triumph of Henry Tudor meant the victory of the true Lancastrian claimant over the usurper of York. Three demons have possessed the Western imagination in the modern period: Descartes’, Laplace’s, and Maxwell’s…: the knower who is able to know without causally affecting the known…. [The Laplacian demon,] given the universal laws and any set of initial conditions, can compute what happens at any point in spacetime without the computation itself making a difference to the state of the universe. [But Maxwell’s demon,] try as it may to approximate the transcendental aloofness of the Laplacian demon, is able to bring about a local reversal of the statistical tendency toward entropy only at the cost of generating entropy elsewhere in the universe.

Financial accounting theory: its nature and development By Scott Henderson, Graham Peirson, Rob Brown (1992, Longman Cheshire; p. 21) | return to list | Derrida Vis-à-vis Lacan: Interweaving Deconstruction and Psychoanalysis By Andrea Margaret Hurst (2008, Fordham University; jacket) | return to list | Pushkin: A Collection of Articles and Essays on the Great Russian Poet A. S. Pushkin By The U. S. S. R. Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (2002, Minerva Group; p. 145) | return to list | Interhemispheric Water Exchange in the Atlantic Ocean edited by G.J. Goni, P. M. Rizzoli (2003, Elsevier; p. 175) | return to list | Handbook of Evolution: The Evolution of Human Societies and Cultures edited by Franz M. Wuketits, Christoph Antweiler (2008, John Wiley & Sons; p. 62) | return to list | English Public Finance: English Government Finance 1485-1558 By Frederick Charles Dietz (2013, Routledge; p. 19) | return to list |

Social Epistemology By Steve Fuller (2002, Indiana University; p. 47-8) | return to list |

56 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Leninist

lesbian

Linnean / Linnaean

Lockean

Lorentzian

Luddite

Lukan

Almost twenty years after what Ken Jowitt has called “the Leninist extinction,” very different political outcomes have emerged from the “new world disorder” that he anticipated. While capitalist liberal democracy has become sustainable in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and the other post-Leninist states that were first to be incorporated into the European Union, the persistence of virulent nationalist forces in countries such as Russia and China seriously threatens its prospects. This book provides an introduction to lawyers and their clients to the legal landscape, as it relates to lesbian, gay and transgender persons today and provides the opportunity to look at issues from the perspectives of those persons. Our present system of biological classification grew out of the need to find a way of organizing the growing lists of new plants and animals carried back to Europe during the Age of Discovery. Prior to Linnaeus, organisms were named in a variable manner, usually with a descriptive phrase. The Linnaean system supplanted earlier forms of classification, primarily because it replaced more ponderous ways of naming species with the simple and flexible binomial system. (For example, genus and species: our species is Homo sapiens, with the name of our genus [Homo] always written before our species epitaph [sapiens].) Indeed, government is committed to the tolerance of different "lifestyles," except when the exercise of one right impinges on another. In the absence of positive, "higher" goals, what usually fills the vacuum at the heart of Lockean liberalism is the open-ended pursuit of wealth, now liberated from the traditional constraints of need and scarcity. According to J. J. Thompson (1881), the energy contained in the field of a spherical charge of radius a is proportional to e2/2a. Thus when the radius of a Lorentzian electron goes to zero, the energy diverges linearly. But if the electron is given a finite radius, then the repulsive Coulomb force within the sphere of the electron makes the configuration unstable. The only way for the species to keep pace will be for humans to gain greater competence from the computational technology we have created, that is, for the species to merge with technology. Not everyone will find this prospect appealing, so the Luddite issue will broaden in the twenty-first century from an anxiety about human livelihoods to one concerning the essential nature of human beings. However, the Luddite movement is not likely to fare any better in the next century than it has in the past two. It suffers from the lack of a viable alternative agenda. The differences between this infancy narrative and that of the Matthean Gospel give the Lukan Gospel a distinctive opening which introduces important themes to be expanded in the rest of the Gospel.

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

The Prospects for Liberal Nationalism in Post-Leninist States By Cheng Chen (2007, Penn State; p. 1) | return to list |

Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Clients: A Lawyer's Guide By Joan M. Burda (2008, American Bar Association; jacket ) | return to list |

Life on Earth: An Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, Volume 1: A – G Edited by Niles Eldredge (2002, ABC-CLIO; p. 226) | return to list |

The End of History and the Last Man By Francis Fukuyama (2006, Simon and Schuster; p. 160) | return to list |

Conceptual Developments of 20th Century Field Theories By Tian Yu Cao (1998, Cambridge University; p. 185) | return to list |

The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence By Ray Kurzweil (2000, Penguin; p. unknown of chapter 8) | return to list |

Taking Away the Pound: Women, Theology and the Parable of the Pounds in the in the Gospel of Luke By Elizabeth V. Dowling (2007, Bloomsbury; p. 119) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Lumumbist

Lutheran

macabre

Maccabean

Machiavellian

Madisonian

magic / magical

Malpighian

Currently opposition parties in the Congo have demonstrated an insufficient degree of political maturity and responsibility, and can thus be better understood in the context of lobbying interest groups. Four critical lobbying groups feature on the current political landscape; [1] The Afrocentric Lumumbist lobby, which is highly respected by the majority but is dominated by academics. [2] The ‘change for change’ lobby, based on the idea of power rotation… [3] The Mobutist barons, who constitute over 90 per cent of the Congolese high-income class… [4] The ‘Eurosympathizers’ lobby, a group of people nostalgic for pre-independence economic conditions… This volume's thematic and geographical perspectives on Lutheran ecclesiastical life invite readers to delve into post-Reformation efforts to continue the work of the Wittenberg reformers in new circumstances and times. The step [of exploiting the comedy of metaphysics] has been taken by Samuel Beckett and to some extent by Eugene Ionesco, but both stop short at tragi-comedy, or rather at a macabre comedy which is very well, very intense, very real, but narrow — a sort of precarious elevation into universality of the sick story. The Maccabean struggles against the Seleucids triggered extensive Jewish historical writing. Eupolemus, probably shortly after the Maccabean Revolt (see 1 Macc 8:17; 2 Macc 4:11), wrote a work on Jewish history that discussed, among other matters, the date of the exodus and the figure of Moses, the Solomonic temple, and the DavidicSolomonic state where the discussion reflects the influence of the expansion of the Hasmoneans and their international political relations. What troubles the settler about the Machiavellian native is that such a native ceases to be the proverbial servant of instinct, artlessly open to colonial scrutiny and manipulation. The Machiavellian native can strategise. The central problem for constitutional courts is the resolution of the "Madisonian dilemma." The United States was founded as a Madisonian system, which means that it contains two opposing principles that must be continually reconciled. The first principle is self-government, which means the in wide areas of life majorities are entitled to rule, if they wish, simply because they are majorities. The second is that there are nonetheless some things majorities must not do to minorities, some areas of life in which the individual must be free of majority rule. See the world, the animals, and the trees, and ask yourself whether they could have come into existence by any other power than by the magic power of nature. Magical power is not a supernatural power, if by the term "supernatural" you mean a power which is outside, beyond, or locally above nature. [L]ooking at Aedes aegypti that are fully susceptible to Brugia pahangi, we find that about a quarter of the larvae that enter the thoracic flight muscles still die in the first few days. Susceptibility of the same mosquito to another filarial worm, Dirofilaria immitis (developing

Governing Insecurity: Democratic Control of Military and Security Establishments in Transitional Democracies Edited by Gavin Cawthra, Robin Luckham (2003, Zed Books; p. 272) | return to list |

Lutheran Ecclesiastical Culture: 1550 - 1675 edited by Robert Kolb (2008, BRILL; jacket) | return to list | Classical Comedy - Greek and Roman: Six Plays edited by Robert W. Corrigan (2000, Hal Leonard; p. 1) | return to list |

Interpreting Ancient Israelite History, Prophecy, and Law By John H. Hayes (2013, Wipf and Stock Publishers; p. 5) | return to list |

Fit to govern: the native intelligence of Thabo Mbeki By Ronald Suresh Roberts (2008, University of Michigan; p. 128) | return to list |

The Tempting of America By Robert H. Bork (2009, Simon and Schuster; p. 139) | return to list |

Magic White and Black By Franz Hartmann (2006, Book Tree; p. 23) | return to list | The Biology of Blood-Sucking in Insects By M. J. Lehane (2005, Cambridge UP; p. 165) | return to list |

58 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

in Malpighian tubules), is controlled by a different sex-linked recessive gene designated f t.

Malthusian

Mamluk

Manichaean / Manichean

Maoist

Marian

Markan / Marcan

Markovian

Maronite

Historical evidence suggests that the transition from the Malthusian epoch to a state of sustained economic growth, rapid as it may appear, was a gradual process and thus could not plausibly be viewed as the outcome of a major exogenous shock…

Economic Growth and Distribution: On the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations edited by Neri Salvadori (2006, Edward Elgar; p. 3) | return to list |

Mamluk rule in Egypt and Syria (1250-1517) was based on a one-generation aristocracy and came closer to a meritocracy—rule by the most qualified among the amirs belonging to the upper echelon of the army—than it did to a hereditary system. Service in the Mamluk army was the only path to political power in the sultanate.

The Citadel of Cairo: A New Interpretation of Royal Mameluk Architecture By Nasser O. Rabbat (1995, BRILL; p. 132) | return to list |

While investigating the Manichaean notion of “the good” a decade ago, I was struck by frequent allusions to the “good tree/bad tree” theme, in both Manichaean writings and writings against Manichaeanism, as a metaphor for radical dualism.

The Reception and Interpretation of the Bible in Late Antiquity: Proceedings of the Montreal Colloquium edited by Lorenzo DiTommaso, Lucian Turcescu (2008, BRILL; p. 121) | return to list |

[editorial in Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, April 1966:] “[M]edical health workers throughout China have been resolutely implementing the directives of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao by taking part in the Three Great Revolutionary Movements” —In Maoist parlance, these are: the struggle for production, the class struggle, and scientific experimentation.

Dangerous Minds: Political Psychiatry in China Today and Its Origins in the Mao Era By Robin Munro, Human Rights Watch (Organization) (2002, Human Rights Watch; p. 186) | return to list |

Along with the renewal brought about by Vatican II, our Marian devotion was stripped of practices which displayed such an emphasis on the power of Mary as to lessen, in fact, appreciation of Jesus' role in our salvation.

Mary at the Foot of the Cross, VII: Coredemptrix, Therefore Mediatrix of All Graces edited by Peter Damian Fehlner (2008, Academy of the Immaculate; p. 398)) | return to list |

That aspects of Greco-Roman cosmology would surface in the Markan Gospel does not suggest that a reader can or should find a one-to-one correspondence between Mithraism and the Markan text. The reader should remember that … especially the works of Paul and Mark absorbed the cultural atmosphere, or Zeitgeist. For reasons of tractibility, classical queuing theory assumes that the properties of network traffic (arrival rates, service times) include the Markovian property. While the Markovian assumption is valid for telephony networks, it has been widely reported that, for data networks, traffic is fractal in nature. The classic roots of Maronite culture, while providing a flavor of world savvy, were based firmly in oriental Semitic features. Syriac, an Aramaic dialect, was the spoken tongue for long centuries, only to be replaced with Arabic by the fifteenth century at the latest. Yet Syriac remained as the language of liturgy in the Maronite church, whose origins on the banks of the Orontes River in the person of Maron the hermit-priest

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Lord of the Cosmos: Mithras, Paul, and the Gospel of Mark By Michael Patella (2006, Bloomsbury; p. 29) | return to list | Network Performance Analysis: Using the J Programming Language By Alan Holt (2007, Springer Science & Business; p. 1) | return to list | Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and SelfExpression, 2d ed. By Mordechai Nisan (2012, McFarland; p. 196) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

is the most vital aspect of the people’s particular culture.

Marshallian

martial

Marxist / Marxian

masochistic

Matthean

maudlin

Mauryan / Maurya

Maxwellian

The strategic importance of the distinction between consumption and investment goods with respect to the behavior of their respective demanders is not recognized [by Marshall] because … Marshallian economics is fundamentally devoted to the exploration of the problem of price, and in this problem the forces of supply and demand play the same roles...

The Crisis of Vision in Modern Economic Thought By Robert L. Heilbroner, William S. Milberg (1995, Cambridge University; p. 29) | return to list |

For more than a decade, [CIA informant Kuklinski] passed thousands of pages of highly classified data on Soviet and Warsaw Pact military systems, plans, and intentions to the United States. During the Solidarity crisis, as part of a small circle of planners for martial law, he was able to provide remarkable access to Polish and Soviet preparations for a crackdown.

From Solidarity to Martial Law: The Polish Crisis of 1980-1981 : a Documentary History edited by Andrzej Paczkowski, Malcolm Byrne, Gregory F. Domber, Magdalena Klotzbach (2007, Central European University Press; p. 139) | return to list |

Students new to the study of critical theory often ask why we study Marxist criticism now that the Communist Bloc in Europe has failed, thereby proving that Marxism is not a viable theory. In addition to ignoring the existence of China… such a question overlooks two important facts. First, … there has never been, as far as we know, a true Marxist society… Second, even if communist countries were true Marxist societies and even if all of them had failed, Marxist theory would still give us a meaningful way to understand history and current events. Masse says of the Gothic … “what characters in these novels represent, whether through repudiation, doubt, or celebration, is the cultural, psychoanalytic, and fictional expectation that they should be masochistic if they are ‘normal’ women” … [thereby] consolidating undesirable patterns of desire and reinforcing one of the most oppressive and abiding fictions of feminine identity—that of an essential female masochism. [Levine] regards the Matthean community as consisting of "persons removed from religious and political power in both the Roman and Jewish systems" and as a community that "attempts to eliminate all relationships in which one group exploits or dominates another.” The maudlin songs of the mid-'60s girl group the Shangri-Las ("Leader of the Pack," for example) invariably revolved around some kind of teen drama. The Mauryan empire lost its unity and strength soon after the death of Asoka, but its decadence dragged on for half a century till the last Maurya; Brihadratha was murdered by the first Sunga about 185 BC The history of India after this up to the rise of the Guptas is almost a welter of confusion. A massive black hole as a Brownian particle conducts to a equipartition of kinetic energy at the equilibrium, when the distribution function of stellar velocities is

Critical Theory Today: A Userfriendly Guide By Lois Tyson (2006, Taylor & Francis; p. 53) | return to list |

The Masochistic Pleasures of Sentimental Literature By Marianne Noble (2000, Princeton University; p. 6) | return to list |

Postcolonial Feminist Interpretation of the Bible By Musa W. Dube (2000, Chalice; p. 175) | return to list | Vocabulary Dictionary and Workbook: 2,856 Words You Must Know By Mark Phillips (2006, A J Cornell; p. 284) | return to list | The Classical Age By R.K. Pruthi (2004, Discovery Publishing; p. 50) | return to list | Black Holes (IAU S238): From Stars to Galaxies - Across the Range of Masses

60 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Maxwellian. When it is non-Maxwellian [it] is not surprising to find a deviation from equipartition.

McCarthyite / McCarthyist

Meiji

Mencian

Mendelian

Mennonite

Mephistophelean / Mephistophelian

mercurial

Lizzie says that the boss treats her discourteously. 'He behaves as if I'm an enemy, a dissident because I have opinions of my own. Are we in Stalinist Russia or McCarthyite America?', she asks indignantly. 'He ignores me at meetings, ignoreignores me in meetings so I end up feeling like I’m some kind of heretic'. When she has meetings with him, she says she feels 'as if I’m getting the Spanish Inquisition treatment…' Begun initially as largely government enterprises that received government support and encouragement after they were in private hands, the machine silk-reeling and cotton-spinning industries of Meiji were the first in Japan to develop extensive factory production. Their work forces, heavily female, formed a large proportion of the labor force during the first period of Japan’s industrialization. This pattern would remain long after the Meiji era had ended. [Johnston] says that under the Confucian-Mencian paradigm, it is assumed that ‘when force is used, it should be applied defensively, minimally, only under unavoidable conditions, and then only in the name of righteous restoration of a moral political order.’ … He also points out that while the Maoist-Leninist view propagates violent class struggle, the ConfucianMenician notion of ‘not fighting and subduing the enemy’ can produce peace and security. Single-gene defects are rare, occurring in fewer than one in 200 births, and are typically associated with Mendelian inheritance. Some diseases formerly thought to follow Mendelian patterns are much more complicated, including diabetes, asthma, and fragile X syndrome. After the [American] Civil War, tradition-minded Mennonites began resisting certain innovations that were creeping into the Mennonite Church. Those who clung to traditional ways were eventually identified as Old Order Mennonites. The Old Order movement that emerged between 1872 and 1901 protested the acceptance of Sunday school, evening services, revival meetings, the use of English in worship, the foreign missions movement, higher education, and other aspects of U.S. culture that were beginning to influence Mennonite life. Both Mephistopheles and Faust in Goethe’s great work are directly inspired by some of Shakespeare’s characters. We have previously mentioned the coldblooded Edmund in King Lear, who has Mephistophelean traits, and Gretchen is the erotic equivalent of Cordelia. Gretchen can be read as a function of the Romantic metaphorics of the heart and Faust as a function of the dialectic and tension between heart and brain. Mercurial types will not become selfless drones. If all their intense efforts go unnoticed, or the boss acts as if the employee is just one among equals, the

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

By International Astronomical Union. Symposium, Giorgio Matt (2007, Cambridge University; p. 427) | return to list | Manager as Coach: The New Way to Get Results By Jenny Rogers, Andrew Gilbert, Karen Whittleworth (2012, Open University Press; p. 101) | return to list |

Factory Girls: Women in the Thread Mills of Meiji Japan By E. Patricia Tsurumi (1992, Princeton University Press; p. 9) | return to list |

Nuclear Deterrence in Southern Asia: China, India and Pakistan By Arpit Rajain (2005, SAGE Publications India; p. 105) | return to list |

Epidemiology and Prevention: A Systems Based Approach By John Yarnell (2007, OUP Oxford; p. 214) | return to list |

Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, Volume 1 By Richard T. Schaefer (2008, SAGE; section M, page unknown) | return to list |

A History of the Heart By O. M. Høystad (2007, Reaktion Books; p. 204) | return to list |

Personality: Making the Most of It By Ken Chapman (2002, iUniverse; p. 212) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

mercurial individual quickly loses interest in working so hard.

Merovingian

mesmerizing

Michelangelesque

Miesian

Miltonic

Ming

Minoan

Mithraic

Merovingian Gaul was, in certain respects, a bureaucratic society; it was 'a society used to, needing and demanding, documents'. This is not to say that documents were used equally by everyone, or in all parts of the Merovingian realm, but that they were regarded as useful by those classes of people for whom we have any quantity of evidence. Marcus looked up at his son. He saw the handsome reflection of his own face from years past. Then he looked into his son’s eyes, seeing his late wife. Pale green and penetrating, mesmerizing to the point of hypnotic, his son's eyes, like his wife's, seemed to pierce right through him, seeing and knowing everything. [Quoting Badley:] “[Dollarhyde’s murder-as-an-art form whose purpose is to transform himself into the Red Dragon] becomes obvious in the complementary ritual by which he works out in front of a full-length mirror, literally reconstructing his body into a semblance of Blake's Michelangelesque figures. Dollarhyde is attempting to remake reality/himself through his performance of murder.” In the field of general office and institutional construction, however, the Miesian version of the International Style did triumph. Unfortunately, many (if not most) of these buildings are debased, banal, and reductive versions of Mies' powerful esthetic—the functional and structural formulas that helped to shape the seminal works of modern architecture. I claim that this Miltonic term [heresy] yields exceptionally rich corroboration of an important fact about keywords in their historical and sociolinguistic contexts - namely, that apparently individualistic and idiosyncratic inflections like Milton's not only do not resist, but indeed require the accrued polyvalence of cultural meanings in order to achieve their special Miltonic force at strategic points in his prose. A play like Mudan ting by Tang Xianzu, for example, was often criticized during the late Ming period for failing to lend itself to live performance. It was considered a great play on its literary merits, but also very flawed. It was only after a purely literary conception of drama became dominant during the Tianqi and Chongzhen periods that it came to be recognized as the pinnacle of Chinese drama. The plays of Shen Jing (1553-1610), on the other hand, were considered among the greatest plays of Ming drama during the late Ming period solely on their merits as performance pieces, but havae since fallen into relative obscurity with the change in standards. The Minoan civilization centred on Crete is also nonHellenic, though important as a major source of cultural influence on the Mycenaean Greeks. It was from the Minoans that the Mycenaeans acquired the lyre, an instrument that had been slowly evolving in the Near East for over a millennium. [T]he early Christians were probably sympathetic to Mithraic societies. But once Christianity become a state religion, the Emperor Julian’s attempt to impose the cult of Mithra brought him the infamous

The Uses of Literacy in Early Mediaeval Europe By Rosamond McKitterick (1992, Cambridge University Press; p. 63) | return to list |

Love After All By Celeste O. Norfleet (2007, Kimani Press; p. 40) | return to list |

Dark Thoughts: Philosophic Reflections on Cinematic Horror By Steven Jay Schneider, Daniel Shaw (2003, Scarecrow; p. 183) | return to list |

Boomer Buildings: Mid-century Architecture Reborn By Mitchell/Giurgola Architects, Michael J. Crosbie (2005, Images Publishing; p. 7) | return to list |

Milton and Heresy edited by Stephen B. Dobranski, John P. Rumrich (2009, Cambridge UP; p. 21) | return to list |

The Eternal Present of the Past: Illustration, Theatre, and Reading in the Wanli Period, 1573-1619 By Li-Ling Xiao (2007, BRILL; p. 39) | return to list |

Ancient Greek Music By M. L. West (1992, Oxford University Press; p. 327) | return to list | Mithraic Societies: From Brotherhood to Religion's Adversary - (b&w)

62 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Mohammedan / Muhammadan

Mohist

“Apostate” epithet and marked Mithraism as the enemy of Christianity.

By Abolala Soudavar (2018, Lulu.com; p. 86) | return to list |

[Jones’] work on the Mohammedan Law of Succession was clearly motivated by a desire to make available to British judges in India a basic text which would enable them to reach accurate judgments in cases where they were required to apply Mohammedan Law.

Sir William Jones, 1746-94: A Commemoration By William Jones (2006, The Lawbook Exchange; p. 22) | return to list |

The Mohist Rejection of Wu-wei: … Mozi was perhaps the first person in the history of Chinese thought to concern himself with the formal aspects of argumentation and logical evaluation of arguments, and his later followers became formidable logicians and theorists of language…. [T]he Mohist concern with logic and formal argumentation … introduced a plethora of new technical terms into Warring States discourse.

Effortless Action: Wu-wei As Conceptual Metaphor and Spiritual Ideal in Early China By Edward Slingerland (2003, Oxford University; p. 128) | return to list |

xx | return to list |

mongoloid (disease)

xx | return to list |

Mongoloid (race)

Mosaic

Mozartian / Mozartean

Mughal

Mullerian / mullerian

musical

Like other ancient law codes, Mosaic Law contains case-by-case law, descriptions of specific behaviors. But Mosaic Law also includes general principles (the Ten Commandments) and prescribes specific behaviors that have no moral roots. Glen Byam Shaw’s direction was commonly perceived as being ‘assured and unobtrusive’, ‘blessedly straightforward’, ‘a model of sensitive presentation’, and above all ‘sympathetic to the players and the play’. His direction was also said to possess a 'Mozartian quality', 'a radiance' and an 'unobtrusive charm'. During the Mughal age, the first lady of the realm was usually the emperor’s mother and not his chief queen, except in the case of Nur Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. Only after the death of the Queen Mother did the chief consort of the emperor take her place. All the Mughal emperors starting from Babar, showed great respect to their mothers.

The Routledge Companion to Directors' Shakespeare edited by John Russell Brown (2009, Routledge; p. 37) | return to list |

Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions By Soma Mukherjee (2001, Gyan Books; p. 19) | return to list |

The mullerian or paramesonephric ducts, which are evident by the end of the second month of gestation, ultimately fuse to form the uterus, cervix, and upper four fifths of the vagina. Incomplete fusion of these ducts results in uterine anomalies that may be associated with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Miscarriage and the Successful Pregnancy: A Woman's Guide to Infertility and and Reproductive Loss By William Hummel FACOF (2005, iUniverse; p. 100) | return to list |

It is in principle possible that a musical work be identical with a unique performance. A work performed for a specific occasion might be of this kind, as might be certain improvisations. Only someone present at the performance could be said to have heard the work. If a recording of the performance were made, it would have the same status as a reproduction of a painting. It would provide some

Work and Object: Explorations in the Metaphysics of Art By Peter Lamarque (2010, Oxford UP; p. 1st page of chap. 4) | return to list |

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

The Life of Moses By Larry Richards (2008, Thomas Nelson; page unknown, prob 5th chapter) | return to list |

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

access to the work and some chance of appreciating it but it would not present the work itself.

Napoleonic

narcissistic

Nash

Nasserist / Nasserite

Neoplatonic / Platonist / Neoplatonist

Nestorian

Newtonian

Nietzschean

[The framework of centre and periphery] is the basic fact of life about northern and central Italy that must be acknowledged from the outset, if their historical experience prior to, during and after the Napoleonic occupation is to be understood. A resource for daughters of mothers with narcissistic personality disorder explains how to manage feelings of inadequacy and abandonment in the face of inappropriate maternal expectations and conditional love, in a step-by-step guide. In the famous prisoners' dilemma game the bad (Pareto inferior) outcome, resulting from each player playing his dominant action, cannot be avoided in a Nash equilibrium or subgame perfect Nash equilibrium even if the game is repeated a finite number of times… [T]his bad outcome can be avoided if the game is repeated an infinite number of times. Several scholars have noted that many of Nasser’s welfare policies were put in place in the 1930s and 1940s. Brown has argued that the notion of a Nasserist social contract is “exaggerated” and that what we think of as Nasserist welfare commitments actually preceded 1952 and “can easily be traced back” to the period during and immediately after World War II. In the course of Western history, it turned out that the Neoplatonic understanding of Platonic philosophy became the reading of Plato, to finally gradually crumble away only as a result of the rise of modern philological and historical scholarship emerging in the seventeenth century (Tigerstedt 1974). Thus when we speak of Augustine’s Platonism or of the so called Cambridge Platonists (of the seventeenth century), we are often speaking of Platonism that is saturated by many Neoplatonic insights into Plato. The first Christian missionary to China was not Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox or even Protestant, but rather a Nestorian monk named Alopen. Nestorian Christianity took its name from its founder, Nestorius, a Syrian monk from Antioch who became the patriarch of Constantinople. For the past 300 years or so, the simple Newtonian fluid model has been accepted as the standard fluid behavior. Though most gases and low molecular weight substances do exhibit this kind of fluid behavior, in recent years, there has been an increasing recognition of the importance of nonNewtonian flow characteristics displayed by most materials encountered in everyday life, both in nature (gums, proteins, biological fluids such as blood, synovial fluid, etc.) and in technology (polymers and plastics, emulsions, slurries, etc.). The aim of Nietzschean friendship is to enable subjects to work with each other on modifying and transforming their primitive narcissism and to achieve a mature form of self-love.

Politics and Religion in Napoleonic Italy: The War Against God, 1801-1814 By Michael Broers (2004, Routledge; page unknown, prob 6th page of 2nd chapter) | return to list | Will I Ever be Good Enough?: Healing the Daughters of Narcissistic Mothers By Karyl McBride (2008, Simon and Schuster; jacket) | return to list | Game Theory: A Multi-Leveled Approach By Hans Peters (2008, Springer Science & Business; p. 101) | return to list |

Redeploying the State By Hishaam D. Aidi (2008, Palgrave Macmillan; p. 65) | return to list |

Neoplatonism By Pauliina Remes (2014, Routledge; p. 197) | return to list |

Chinese Religions in Contemporary Societies Edited by James Miller (2006, ABC – CLIO; p. 176) | return to list |

Bubbles, Drops, and Particles in Non-Newtonian Fluids, Second Edition By R.P. Chhabra (2006, CRC; 1st page of Preface) | return to list |

Nietzsche's Therapy: Selfcultivation in the Middle Works By Michael Ure (2008, Lexington; p. 208) | return to list |

64 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

nymphomaniac / nymphomaniacal

Oedipal / oedipal

ohmic / Ohmic

Orphic

Orwellian

Ottoman

Ottonian

Ovidian

You think you know you have no idea I will suck the life out of your body, and leave nothing left baby oh, yeah, that’s right cover your body in red roses tease you with honey drizzled candles and sneak in every night at midnight torturing you with my nymphomaniac tendencies [According to Lacan,] when the child attempts to determine the mother’s desires and fulfill them for her, she or he is engaged in the Oedipal complex. In a “normal” Oedipal cycle, the father permanently forestalls the child’s sexual desire for the mother. Once the child accepts that she or he cannot serve as the phallus (sexually satisfying object) for the mother, the Oedipal cycle is resolved. Ohmic heating processing has the promise to provide food processors with the opportunity to produce new, high-value-added, shelf-stable products with a quality previously unrealized with current sterilization techniques. [Ideas] developed in the Orphic poems [led to] a detailed account of the soul's fate after death, its judgment and its reincarnation. Plato, throughout his writings, plainly drew on an account of the soul's fate which he had read about in Orphic literature. 150 years [before Orwell], Edmund Burke sounded a very Orwellian note in his attacks on the apologists for the French Revolution who tried to extenuate the September Massacres of 1792: “The whole compass of the language is tried to find [synonyms] for massacre and murder. Things are never called by their common names. Massacre is sometimes agitation, sometimes effervescence, sometimes excess.” [I]n conformity with religious law, non-Muslim rulers who had accepted to pay tribute to the Ottoman sultan were considered part of the Islamic world. One such polity was Dubrovnik, a city-state that due to its size and location was able to avoid most of the conflicts in which the Empire was involved, while the town’s wealthier inhabitants devoted themselves exclusively to Mediterranean trade. Few works of medieval art have managed to convey a greater sense of this transcendent spirituality than Ottonian book illuminations, with their shimmering gold surfaces, saturated colors, flat compositional planes, and expressively gesturing figures. And few Ottonian books have employed these elements as remarkably as the Uta Codex, an illustrated Gospel lectionary produced in Regensburg around the year 1025 at the behest of Uta, abbess of the Niedermunster nunnery. Ovid declared that the qualities that went into a good worker were also those of a successful lover. Beyond a tender heart, Ovidian lovers needed a good head and a headstrong spirit. The ascending towers and spires of Ovidian love were built with laughter and high

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Liquid Kisses By Mocha Sistah (2006, Lulu.com; p. 5-6) | return to list |

The Praeger Handbook of Education and Psychology, Volume 1 Edited by Joe L. Kincheloe, Raymond A. Horn (2007, Greenwood; p. 138) | return to list | Improving the Thermal Processing of Foods By Philip Richardson (2004, Woodhead; p. 227) | return to list | Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Oakeshott - Presupposition By Donald M. Borchert (2006, MacMillan Reference USA; p. 43) | return to list | Going Nucular: Language, Politics, and Culture in Confrontational Times By Geoffrey Nunberg (2005, Public Affairs; p. 122) | return to list |

The Ottoman Empire and the World Around It By Suraiya Faroqhi (2006, I.B. Tauris; p. 2) | return to list |

The Uta Codex: Art, Philosophy, and Reform in Eleventh-Century Germany By Adam S. Cohen (2000, Penn State Press; p. 1) | return to list |

Idleness Working: The Discourse of Love's Labor from Ovid Through Chaucer and Gower By Gregory M. Sadlek (2004, CUA Press; p. ix)

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

spirits on the prosaic foundation of effort and applied technique.

Pahlavi

Palladian

panicky / panicked

Paracelsian

parkinsonian / Parkinsonian

Parthian

Pauline

Pavlovian

Peircean

The political biography of Ali Shari'ati, considered by many as the ideological father of the Iranian revolution of 1979, is not only an account of one person’s life but of the cultural, social and political conditions that reared him. Ali Shari'ati's life spans the highly sensitive period of change during which a conscious effort was made by the Pahlavi dynasty to push Iran from its presumed traditional status towards a Western-defined state of modernity. In America, the colonial period marked the highest style of the Palladian window, [but] Palladian windows are in evidence everywhere on houses of the late Victorian period: first storey to attic, including gables and dormers. “Jen, there's no phone in here...but I'm scared for us to go out, he might see us.” Oliver's serious eyes were worried but not panicky. I felt panicky. “You're right, Ollie.” The shades were still down in my room, and it felt safer. “But I-I don’t know what to do.” [Most] of the processed substances studied by eighteenth-century chemists… were products long known in mining and metallurgy… and prepared in… pharmaceutical and alchemical laboratories…. Mercury, antimony and arsenic were [everyday] materials, which became prominent in sixteenthcentury Paracelsian chemical pharmacy and medicine. The most common parkinsonian disorders can be assigned to one of two categories based on biochemical abnormalities in tau protein or synuclein. As a group, these disorders have been termed tauopathies and synucleinopathies. For about 500 years (second century BC to third century AD) Parthian was the official language of the Aršacid Dynasty in the Parthian Empire (southeast of the Caspian Sea). The language is known from many inscriptions on pottery, and from Manichaean texts, some of which – notably the hymns of Mar Ammon – are of high literary value. The language also appears in the bilingual (with a Middle Persian dialect) inscriptions of the successor Sasanian kings. [Pervo] writes, "Especially painful for some has been the inevitable conclusion that, if Luke knew Pauline letters, he ignored them at some points and contradicted them at others. Why this experience should be more painful than it is with regard to the gospel of Mark ... is not perfectly clear, but there can be no doubt that it has been a burden." Consider a population of Pavlov strategists. While their population is resistant to invasions by tit-for-tat players owing to the Pavlovian forgiveness, a Pavlov population is not stable to an invasion by mutant defectors. This follows because the Pavlov strategists try every other round to resume cooperation. The semantic decision. In Dummet’s version of assertabilism the truth of judgment is simply equated with its warranted assertability right now. But this ignores the famous Peircean view according to which a proposition is true if it is eventually assertable – in

| return to list |

An Islamic Utopian: A Political Biography of Ali Shariati By Ali Rahnema (2000, I.B. Tauris; p. ix) | return to list |

Old-House Journal Nov-Dec 1997 By Neal Vogel (1997, Active Interest Media; p. 34) | return to list | The Dangerous Santa By S. K. Nustad (2007, Tate Publishing; p. 113) | return to list |

Stuff: The Nature of Chemical Substances edited by Klaus Ruthenberg (2008, Königshausen & Neumann; p. 21) | return to list | Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders edited by Joseph Jankovic, Eduardo Tolosa (2007, Lippincott & Wilkins; p. 271) | return to list | Compendium of the World's Languages By George L. Campbell, Gareth King (2013, Routledge; p. unkown in 2nd half of book) | return to list |

Marcion and Luke-Acts: A Defining Struggle By Joseph B. Tyson (2006, Univ of South Carolina; p. 20) | return to list | Global Challenges: An Approach to Environmental, Political, and Economic Problems By Todd Sandler (1997, Cambridge University; p. 173) | return to list | Kant’s Practical Philosophy Reconsidered: Papers presented at the Seventh Jerusalem Philosophical Encounter, December 1986

66 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Pelagian

Peronist

Petrarchan

Petrine (dyn.)

Petrine (rel.)

philistine

the fullness of time. The Peircean theory does not change the definition of assertability, nor does it automatically make truth into an inhuman notion, independent of our epistemic achievements. But it does divorce truth from assertability right now, and thus makes it a tenseless notion. Scholars have debated the role of Pelagius and Pelgianism in Ireland for centuries. Jerome declared him to be Irish, a people whom he held in contempt; thus Jerome may have intended Irish as an insult, much as some might use Philistine. Greater evidence associates him and support for as well as opposition to him with Britain, yet Ireland too had its Pelagian influences. Moreover, “Pelagius' 'Pelagian' ideas originated not in Britain but in Rome. Ironically the heresy of the Briton had to be imported to his homeland.” In 1955 a new military coup d’etat … overthrew Peron’s government… Political and social proscription fell on Peronismo, but also on the workers, as they were its social base; since the 1950s, Peronist union leaders developed a struggle against anti-Peronist governments (and their supporters), but also against the Peronist bourgeoisie for the control of the Peronist movement. When [Juliet] learns that Romeo is a Montague it seems as if the old Petrarchan conceit about the dear enemy has come horribly true: My only love sprung from my only hate! Too early seen unknown, and known too late! Prodigious birth of love it is to me, That I must love a loathed enemy. (I.V.136-9) Surprised to hear Juliet talking in Petrarchan couplets, the Nurse asks her what's going on. Juliet admits that it's something she's picked up from Romeo: 'A rhyme,' she says, 'I learnt even now / Of one I danc'd withal' (140–1). The Third Rome on the Eve of the Petrine Reforms: “The need to pursue a new path was recognized, the necessity to do so was defined: the people bestirred themselves and intended to take the path; but they awaited something; they awaited a leader; the leader appeared.” This was how the great nineteenth-century Russian historian Sergei Soloviev described Russia's situation on the eve of the Petrine reforms. The city where Peter died, and which eventually developed its own monarchial episcopacy, began to express properly the Petrine function of the twelve. Matthew, as noted (Mtl6: 17-18), presents Jesus entrusting the keys of authority to Peter. Luke (22:32) recounts Jesus giving Peter the task of strengthening the brethren, and John (21:15-17) acknowledges the pastoral care given to Peter by Jesus. No other city could claim the presence and authority of Peter as did Rome, and the bishop of Rome began to fulfill these gospel functions. The word ‘philistine’ … signifies, in its wider, popular sense, the antithesis of a son of the muses, of the artist, of the man of genuine culture. The cultural philistine, however … distinguishes himself from the

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

edited by Y. Yovel (2013, Springer Science & Business; p. 122) | return to list |

The Templars, the Witch, and the Wild Irish: Vengeance and Heresy in Medieval Ireland By Maeve Brigid Callan (2015, Cornell UP; p. 191) | return to list |

Strikes Around the World, 19682005: Case-studies of 15 Countries By van der Velden, Dribbusch, Lyddon, Vandale (2007, Amsterdam University; p. 80) | return to list |

Shakespeare's Humanism By Robin Headlam Wells (2005, Cambridge University; p. 108) | return to list |

The Russian Empire in the Eighteenth Century: Searching for a Place in the World By Aleksandr Kamenskii, David Griffiths (2015, Routledge; p. 9) | return to list |

The Roman Catholic Church: Its Origins and Nature By John F. O'Grady (1997, Paulist Press; p. 141) | return to list |

Nietzsche: Untimely Meditations By Friedrich Nietzsche, Daniel Breazeale (1997, Cambridge University; 2nd page of 2nd chapter)

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

photovoltaic / voltaic

Piagetian

Planck

pre-Columbian / Pre-Columbian

Plantagenet

Platonic (phil)

platonic (psy)

general idea of the species ‘philistine’ through a superstition: he fancies that he is himself a son of the muses and man of culture; and incomprehensible delusion which reveals that he does not even know what a philistine, and the antithesis of a philistine, is: so we shall not be surprised to find that usually he solemnly denies he is a philistine. Photovoltaic solar energy (PV) is a fascinating alternative as a renewable energy. It is clean and silent and the main resource is obtained without any production and transportation cost; thus it is seemingly ideal for reducing CO2 emissions. However, the panels that convert solar radiation into electrical power are costly and energy intensive to manufacture, rendering electrical energy from PV cells one of the most expensive of all non-renewable and renewable resources.

| return to list |

Lead Markets for Environmental Innovations By Klaus Jacob, Marian Beise, Jürgen M. Blazejczak, Dietmar Edler, Rüdiger Haum, Martin Jänicke, Thomas Löw, Ulrich Petschow, Klaus Rennings (2006, Springer Science & Business; p. 58) | return to list |

Perhaps the most salient Piagetian claim to fall in light of scientific evidence was the claim that acquisitions such as conservation could not be taught and that attempts to do so would invariably disrupt natural development.

Child and Adolescent Development for Educators By Michael Pressley, Christine McCormick (2007, Guilford Press; p. 71) | return to list |

One of the most exciting developments in theoretical physics in the last 15 years has been the realization that we know very poorly the energy scale at which quantum gravitational interactions become important. The Planck scale is the energy scale above which the quantum fluctuations of space-time cannot be neglected. Traditionally, this energy scale was thought to be around 1019 GeV…. Until recently, it was assumed that the Planck scale might never be probed experimentally. However, Arkani-Hamed et al. (1998); Antoniadis et al. (1998) have shown by studying a class of models with more than four dimensions that the Planck scale could be much lower than naively expected and potentially around a few 103 GeV depending on the number of of extra dimensions.

Quantum Black Holes By Xavier Calmet, Bernard Carr, Elizabeth Winstanley (2013, Springer Science & Business; p. 93) | return to list |

Modern political boundaries are often used as PreColumbian barriers when interpreting Pre-Columbian history in the region. However, these barriers are often arbitrarily defined and often do not reflect the PreColumbian demographic of genetic history in the regions.

Genetic history and preColumbian Diaspora of Chibchan speaking populations: Molecular genetic evidence By Phillip Edward Melton (2008, ProQuest; p. 78) | return to list |

[W]hile the Capetian king could not see anything of himself in Arthur, the Plantagenet king found it easier to accept the image of a flexible and aristocratic monarchy presented in the Arthurian romances. The Plantagenets, therefore, encouraged, if not actively began, the diffusion of the Arthurian legend. He argues, as he might have argued about any Platonic Form, that there is no Form of good separate from its particular manifestations; and that if there were it would be useless for practical purposes; the good for man is the widest good the contemplation of which will aid us in our daily life. Love has many faces for the Chinese. For us, there is only one word for its many faces. Can a man and a woman have a friendship without sexual love? A platonic relationship. In my books, it is rare. And as for mixing friendship with business, well, we

King of the Celts: Arthurian Legends and Celtic Tradition By Jean Markale (1993, Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.; p. 53) | return to list | Aristotle By David Ross (2005, Routledge; p. 201) | return to list | Yin Yang of Loving By Moni Lai Storz (2000, Global Business Strategies; p. 82) | return to list |

68 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Americans try not to do that if possible, except through the old boys’ network.

Plinian / plinian

plutonic

Pre-Raphaelite

priapic / Priapic

Procrustean / procrustean

Promethean

protean

Proustian

The ridge-shaped stratavolcano, Hekla is Iceland’s second most active volcano with 23 confirmed eruptions since its first historic eruption in 1104 AD. Although the 1104 AD eruption was a purely explosive Plinian eruption, Hekla is typically characterised by mixed eruptions. Usually beginning with a vigorous, but shortlived (0.5–2 h long) Plinian or sub-Plinian phase, the eruption transitions into a several-hour long phase, with simultaneous sustained emissions of moderately widespread tephra fall and fountain-fed lava flows. phase, phase, the eruption transitions Plutonic rocks make up about one quarter of the exposed Canadian Appalachians, occurring in all tectonostratigraphic zones. Plutons range in age from Middle Proterozoic to Cretaceous, but ages of plutons in particular zones are restricted to small parts of this range. The other-worldly essence and idealistic spirituality of their art is showcased in this heady collection of PreRaphaelite renderings from the masters of the period. DeMille’s tendency toward paternalism is amplified in a movie like Why Change Your Wife?, where Gloria Swanson and Bebe Daniels fight over the inert Thomas Meighan. For DeMille's patriarchal sensibility, men are the priapic suns around which women worshipfully cluster. Woodward’s procrustean politics [of the New American South] was fundamentally characterized by an ironic racial contradiction: the manipulation of black votes by or the collaboration of black voters with whitesupremacist Democrats, meant simultaneously to diminish the threat of local white Republican leadership and to allow the charge of race treason to be leveled against the Republican Party. Promethean guilt is the guilt we incur for the sins that we need to commit if we are to achieve, both for ourselves and for our society, some of the social, political, [and economic goals we have]. The essence of a protean career is that the individual determines the values and goals that are personally meaningful. Nevertheless, it is sometimes assumed that individuals pursuing a protean career hold different values or goals (freedom, growth, life balance) than individuals pursuing an organizational career. Though my early memories are patchy, I think they are not, or not entirely, a confabulation, and I believe this because of their overwhelming sensory power; they come complete, not like the groping, generalized formulations of the subjects fooled by the photograph. As I say, “I tasted,” I taste, and as I say, “I heard,” I hear: I am not talking about a Proustian moment, but a Proustian cine-film. Anyone can run these ancient newsreels, with a bit of preparation, a bit of practice;

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Volcanic Tourist Destinations edited by Patricia Erfurt-Cooper (2014, Springer Science & Business; p. 35) | return to list |

Geology of the Appalachian— Caledonian Orogen in Canada and Greenland Edited by Harold Williams (1995, Geological Society of America; p. 631) | return to list | Color Your Own Pre-Raphaelite Paintings By Marty Noble (2007, Courier; jacket) | return to list | Ernst Lubitsch: Laughter in Paradise By Scott Eyman (2000, JHU Press; p. 105) | return to list | Blood Talk: American Race Melodrama and the Culture of the Occult By Susan Gillman (2003, University of Chicago; p. 79) | return to list | Guilt with a Twist: The Promethean Way By Lawrence H. Staples (2008, Fisher King Press; page unknown, but similar to p. xvi) | return to list | The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Behavior: Volume One: Micro Approaches Edited by Julian Barling, Cary L Cooper (2008, SAGE; p. 283) | return to list |

Giving Up the Ghost: A Memoir By Hilary Mantel (2004; MacMillan; p. unknown—prob. 1st chapter) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

maybe it comes easier to writers than to many people, but I wouldn’t be sure about that.

Ptolemaic (dyn)

Ptolemaic (sci)

Pyrrhic / pyrrhic

Pythagorean

Qajar

Qin

At the beginning of the Ptolemaic period, the queen remained subordinate to her husband; by the reign of Kleopatra II and Euergetes (145-116 BC), the queen ruled equally with the king; and under the last Kleopatra, the queen emerged greater than her male associates. To Macurdy, the Ptolemaic queens had gained their influence by virtue of their strong character and political acumen. Based on the notion that a circle is a perfect form, together with what was then known about astronomical cycles, the Ptolemaic model conceived of the moon, the sun, the planets apart from the Earth, and all of the stars, as being in circular orbits around our planet. This view held for almost one-and-a-half thousand years. Pyrrhic Politics? President Bush and the Nomination of Clarence Thomas: Can one consider George Bush and the king of Epirus as kindred souls? “Another such victory,” proclaimed Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, in 280 B.C., “and we are done.” The king's lament over a dearly bought quelling of the Romans has survived the centuries in the distilled phrase, "Pyrrhic victory," suggesting any endeavor in which success is gained at too high a price. In 1991, amid charges of sexual harassment raised by Oklahoma law professor Anita Hill, the nomination of African American and United States Court of Appeals Judge Clarence Thomas to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, replacing Thurgood Marshall. Was this a Pyrrhic victory for he Republican president? It is seen that out of the 5,050 possible combinations of [A and B] pairs of integers between 1 and 100, only 18 pairs give Pythagorean triplets. The program is designed to print only the primitive triplets. Triplets such as 6, 8 and 10 (multiples of 3, 4 and 5) are not printed. The first Qajar ruler, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, emerged in 1794 following a 15-year civil war …. Although he only ruled for a short time—the year after he crowned himself shah, Agha Mohammad was assassinated by his servants—he succeeded in winning back lands that Persia had previously lost to Russia, namely territories in Georgia and the Caucasus, and he established the Persian capital at Tehran…. Over the next century, the Qajar shahs would gradually embrace Western trends in commerce, education, culture, and fashion. The Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.) was a turning point in the history of the development of Chinese seals. Under the Qin Dynasty, China became a unified empire, and a centralized feudal administration system was established. Roads, money, and weights and measurements were standardized. At the same time a standardized system for the use of official seals was implemented. These changes would have a profound influence on subsequent dynastic periods.

Imagination of a Monarchy: Studies in Ptolemaic Propaganda By R. A. Hazzard (2000, University of Toronto Press; p. 101) | return to list |

Evolutionary Thought in Psychology: A Brief History By Henry Plotkin (2008, Wiley; p. 1) | return to list |

Honor and Loyalty: Inside the Politics of the George H.W. Bush White House By Hofstra University, John Massaro (2002, Greenwood Publishing; p. 277) | return to list |

Explorations in Mathematics By A.A. Hattangadi (2002, Universities Press; p. 50) | return to list |

The Ottoman and Qajar Empires in the Age of Reform By Hal Marcovitz (2014, Simon & Schuster; p. 3rd page of chap. 1) | return to list |

Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History By Weizu Sun (2004, Long River Press; p. 11) | return to list |

70 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Qing

quixotic

Rabelaisian

Rastafarian

Rawlsian

Reaganite

Ricardian

Riemannian

Although most scholars have called the Qing the Manchu Qing, the Qing Dynasty was really a Korean dynasty. Scholars have argued that the Taiping was an anti-Manchu movement. However, the Taiping millenarian movement clearly was a Chinese nationalistic religio-political movement against the Korean Qing Dynasty. Add to this what was presumably a large element of sexual frustration, and a feeling of deflation after finally admitting to himself that his quest for Fanny's hand had been a quixotic waste of effort, and you had a man (Longfellow) almost in a state of nervous collapse. The study of Rabelaisian voluptas entails, of necessity, an investigation of gayeté, d'esprit, that aspect of pantagruelismé we have not yet explored. No difficulty arises in associating a term like gayeté d'esprit with Rabelais, who is best known for his sense of humor. But the very range of his laughter, unless properly understood, leads to a shallow interpretation. It is not sufficient to stop at the surface, for Rabelais invites his reader to look beyond the external pleasure of good humor to find not only its cause but also the ultimate pleasure of which man is capable. In the Rastafarian movement, as in other prophetic and millenarian movements, dream experience represents an important source of religious inspiration. Dreams have played a considerable role in the production of Rastafarian ideology, which is based on potent biblical imagery and on the philosophy of Marcus Garvey, the Jamaican father of PanAfricanism. It is important to emphasize that the term ‘neoliberal’ is not normally utilized by philosophers in mainstream discussions of conceptions of justice. Instead, the phrase 'liberal justice' is normally used to refer to the Rawlsian formulation of justice, which has its emphasis on liberal democratic principles, especially those of equal opportunity. The way I affiliated with the Dead (and Dead Heads) in high school was less a musical experience than a cultural reaction against Reaganism in all its guises. I wasn’t that into the music because I was essentially a Beatles fan… But being into the Dead was a cultural marker that said you didn't buy into those ascendant Reaganite values. Borrowing limits and Ricardian equivalence. This chapter studies whether the timing of taxes matters. Under some assumptions it does and under others it does not. The Ricardian doctrine describes assumptions under which the timing of lump taxes does not matter. In this chapter, we will study how the timing of taxes interacts with restrictions on the ability of households to borrow. This book contains a clear exposition of two contemporary topics in modern differential geometry: distance geometric analysis on manifolds … applied to study the Laplace operator on minimal submanifolds; the application of the Lichnerowicz formula for Dirac operators to the study of Gromov's invariants to

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Asian Millenarianism: An Interdisciplinary Study of the Taiping and Tonghak Rebellions in a Global Context By Hong Beom Rhee, Hong-bŏm Yi (2006, Cambria Press; p. 37-8) | return to list | Longfellow: A Rediscovered Life By Charles C. Calhoun (2005, Beacon Press; p. 150) | return to list |

Rabelaisian Dialectic and the Platonic-Hermetic Tradition By George Mallary Masters, Timothy Carl McMasters (1969, SUNY Press; p. 30) | return to list |

The Dream Encyclopedia By James R Lewis, Evelyn Dorothy Oliver (2009, Visible Ink Press; p. 182) | return to list | Global Justice and Neoliberal Environmental Governance: Ethics, Sustainable Development and International Co-operation By Chukwumerije Okereke (2007, Routledge; p. 125) | return to list | No Simple Highway: A Cultural History of the Grateful Dead By Peter Richardson (2015, St. Martin’s Press; p. 281) | return to list |

Recursive Macroeconomic Theory By Lars Ljungqvist, Thomas J. Sargent (2004, MIT Press; p. 363) | return to list |

Global Riemannian Geometry: Curvature and Topology By Steen Markvorsen, Maung MinOo (2003, Springer Science & Business; p. 64) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

measure the K-theoretic size of a Riemannian manifold.

ritzy

Romanov

Romantic (art)

romantic (psy)

Rorschach

Rosicrucian

Rousseauian / Rousseauean / Rousseauesque Rubenesque / Rubensian /

THE SPANISH STEPS. Byron, Shelley, and Keats all drew inspiration from this magnificent “Scalinata,” constructed in 1723. Connecting the ritzy shops at the bottom with the ritzy hotels at the top, this is the place for prime people-watching. The steps face west, so sunsets offer great photo ops. During its rule of about three hundred years, the Romanov dynasty produced eighteen tsars. Some Romanovs were outstanding rulers while others were rather weak. However, they all had one common trait: they believed in autocracy, the ruler’s divine right to absolute power. Peter I, Catherine II, Alexander I, and Alexander II were among the most able tsars from the Romanov Dynasty. The contrasting ideas of innocence and experience are most commonly associated with the Romantic movement—William Blake and William Wordsworth in particular. The Romantic poets believed that children were more spiritually aware and more simply moral than adults because their imaginations had not been curbed by institutional thinking.

Intermediate pianists will enjoy these expressive romantic themes, many of which would be suitable as pre-ceremony music at weddings.

On the assumption that there is a commonly shared borderline personality organization underlying the clinical presentation and the expression of symptoms, many of the Rorschach scoring systems devised to assess borderline patients have been extended to the protocols of these patients as well. The third significant alchemical/Rosicrucian library of the time was that of David Lindsay, Earl of Balcarres (1585-1641)…. “[W]hen one remembers that James VI, who had a great interest in and was a patron of aspects of occultism, became King of the United Kingdom of Scotland and England in 1603, one realises that the building of the Mystery Temple was not taking place in a vacuum… [The Earl’s home] was possibly a place of instruction in hermetic and alchemical philosophy and may have been a centre of Rosicrucian activity.” (Adam McLean, 'A Rosicrucian Alchemical Mystery Center in Scotland', in The Hermetic Journal… 1979) The Rousseauian argument ultimately rests on two assumptions: first, that the irreducible unit of political legitimacy is the autonomous individual; and, second, that only the total and equal alienation of the rights of all citizens to the whole community can guarantee a sovereignty in which the subjects, in obeying all, obey themselves. [S]he commented that we reminded her of a Rubens painting she'd seen in some museum — two round, white figures shining in the moonlight. I decided to take being described as Rubenesque as a compliment.

Fodor's Rome: with the Best City Walks and Scenic Day Trips By Fodor's (2012, Fodor’s Travel; p. unknown in first ¼ of book) | return to list | The Economics of Property Rights: Towards a Theory of Comparative Systems By S. Pejovich (2007, Springer Science & Business; p. 90) | return to list |

Thematic Guide to British Poetry By Ruth F. Glancy (2002, Greenwood Publishing Group; p. 111) | return to list | Romantic Rhapsodies, Book 2: An Artistic Intermediate / Late Intermediate Collection for Solo Piano By Melody Bober (2008, ALFRED; jacket) | return to list | Psychoanalytic Perspectives on the Rorschach By Paul M. Lerner (2013, Routledge; p. 1st page of chap. 23) | return to list |

Who Wrote Bacon?: William Shakespeare, Francis Bacon and James I : a Mystery for the Twenty-first Century By Richard Ramsbotham (2004, Temple Lodge Publishing; p. 150) | return to list |

Sovereign Idea: Essays on Canada as a Democratic Community By Reg Whitaker (1992, MQUP; p. 174) | return to list | Looking for Sheville By Matty McEire (2010, Dog Ear Publishing; p. 37) | return to list |

72 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Rubensesque

Ruthian

sadistic

Safavid

Saiva / Saivite

Sapphic / sapphic

Sargonic

Sartrean

The Babe reminds me of one of Rabelais’s giants. The appetite of the man! The bigness! Now that I think of it, it’s funny how the two words that come to mind to describe this grand scale of being are gargantuan and Ruthian. And the Babe is the one who gets the capital letter! Sartre’s Lucien becomes a sadistic figure preparing to further dominate others. The sadistic personality also shares a fatalistic life view, seeing life rules by fate and destiny. Thus Lucien’s conviction at the end of Sartre’s story that fate has delivered him to his position of dominance. In what sense was Iraq a frontier? … The first was the slow and long drawn-out process of Ottoman conquest, domination, and settlement of the tribal population. The second was the position of the country, and particularly the shrine cities, as a cultural-religious contact zone between the Sunni Ottoman Empire and Shi'i Safavid, and later Qajar, Iran. Thus, Iraq became a region of extensive warfare as the country contained resources which both the Ottomans and the Iranians were anxious to control. [The Aphorisms of Siva], despite their brevity and cryptic form, are very important in the history of Kashmiri Saivism as they represent the first in a series of works composed in Kashmir by monistic Kashmiri Saivites from the middle of the ninth to the thirteenth century that together constitute the greater part of the corpus of Kashmiri Saiva literature. Inspired by the Saiva Tantras and the earlier dualistic Saiva philosophy of the Saivasiddhanta, they are a monument to the brilliance of the Kashmiri teachers of those days. Normally, Italian poetry was qualitative, based on stressed and unstressed syllables. A further innovation by Dati was his use of the Sapphic strophe in the third part of his poem. The Sapphic strophe is a four line stanza invented by Sappho, 6th century BCE poet. Its first three lines are 11 syllables long. Each 11 syllable line can be divided into 5 poetic feet… The fourth line is 5 syllables long, usually a dactyl followed by a spondee. Dagon was one of the many manifestations of the Weather-god and was worshiped especially in the Middle Euphrates region. He headed the pantheon of Ebla and was very prominent in Tuttul and Mari. The Sargonic kings also acknowledged the divine assistance of Dagon. During the Ur III period he was integrated in the official cult and had an important sanctuary in Puzris-Dagon, the livestock centre of Nippur. Can the recognition of my being hostage to the Other also underscore the sense of hell brought on in that concrete moment of Sartrean intersubjectivity? Why would the trauma imbedded in the Levinasian claim not also be the torture implied in implied in Sartre’s?

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Match Made In Heaven By Bob Mitchell (2007, Kensington Publishing; 1st page of 15th chapter) | return to list | Critical Pedagogy and the Everyday Classroom By Tony Monchinski (2008, Springer Science & Business; p. 198) | return to list |

The Shi'is of Iraq By Yitzhak Nakash (2003, Princeton University Press; p. 14) | return to list |

The Aphorisms of Siva: The Siva Sutra with Bhaskara's Commentary, the Varttika By Vasugupta, Mark S. G. Dyczkowski (1992, SUNY Press; p. 1) | return to list |

Melancolia Poetica edited by Marc A. Cirigliano (2007, Troubador Publishing; p. 176) | return to list |

A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology By Dr Gwendolyn Leick (1998, Routledge; p. 29) | return to list |

Moments of Disruption: Levinas, Sartre, and the Question of Transcendence By Kris Sealey (2013, SUNY Press; p. 1) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Sasanian / Sassanian

satanic / Satanic

saturnine

Saudi

Saussurean / Saussurian

Schumpeterian

Seleucid

Seljuk / Seljuq

It is possible to reconstitute practically the entire system of Iranian law on the basis of the mass of information contained in the [Madigan ‘Sasanian Legal Code’]…. The text of the Code is also important for the study of the Ishobokht (Code of Laws), which has survived in a Syriac translation and contains legal norms of the Christian communities in Sasanian Iran; and for the study of the Babylonian Talmud, which describes the law of the Jewish communities of the Sasanian Empire. Convinced of their own anti-papal doctrine, Puritans like Milton embraced a satanic epic that found the minions of Lucifer in the New World among the Spaniards. Yet as they faced mounting Amerindian resistance in New England, which culminated in the Pequot War of 1637, these same Puritans began to find Satan in America increasingly among the natives. His face was long and saturnine, dominated by a hooked nose that gave him the look of a regal bird, a raptor of some kind. He stood at his window, his hands clasped behind his back, and looked out at the myriad points of light. It reminded him of his first trip to the United States, to New York City. Health services are regarded as a right of Saudi citizens. Government-funded health services, which account for about 80 percent of the total, are largely free to Saudis and public sector expatriates. Most social services, including education, health services, utilities, etc., are provided free or at a highly subsidized rate. Theorists who veer towards the extreme position of philosophical idealism (for whom reality is purely subjective and is constructed in our use of signs) may see no problem with the Saussurean model. Indeed, the Saussurean model has itself been described as ‘idealist’ (e.g. Culler 1985, 117). Those drawn towards philosophical realism (for whom a single objective reality exists indisputably ‘outside’ us) would challenge it. The word ‘collusion’ does not imply any conspiracy. The whole idea of Schumpeterian growth indicates a large degree of the collusive spread of technical change. The entrepreneur will constantly see his profits eroded by imitators, and must continuously innovate to keep his profits up. There was systematic observation of planetary phenomena, as well as of the Moon and eclipses, not sporadically, but without serious interruption until late Seleucid times. The eclipse records are surprisingly detailed, numerically and otherwise, in some cases even providing information about wind direction. The records that were deemed valuable survive in texts from Seleucid archives. I always felt close to the Seljuks; their mathematics, art and lifestyle always caught my attention. During a trip to Beyşehir, I found myself absorbed in a story belonging to the Seljuk period. In addition to being written on the subject of what was eaten during the Seljuk period, this book also animates the Seljuks' way of life and the story in it brings to life a plot belonging to that age.

History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A ... Edited by Ahmad Hasan Dani, B. A. Litvinsky (1996, UNESCO; p. 102) | return to list |

Puritan Conquistadors: Iberianizing the Atlantic, 15501700 By Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra (2006, Stanford; p. 81) | return to list | Brothers in Arms By Marcus Wynne (2007, Macmillan; p. 102) | return to list | Healthcare Development Strategies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia By Mohammed H. Mufti (2000, Springer Science & Business; p. 9) | return to list |

Semiotics: The Basics By Daniel Chandler (2004, Psychology Press; p. 59) | return to list |

Reimagining Growth: Towards a Renewal of Development Theory Edited by Silvana De Paula, Gary A. Dymski (2005, Zed Books; p. 72) | return to list |

Cosmos: An Illustrated History of Astronomy and Cosmology By John North (2008, Univ. of Chicago Press; p. 48) | return to list |

Seljuk Cuisine: A Chef's Quest for His Soulmate By Omur Akkor (2014, Blue Dome Press; p. first page of Preface) | return to list |

74 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

xx | return to list |

Semitic

Shakespearean

Shavian

Sisyphean

Smithian

Socratic

Solomonic

Southern

spartan

The traditional narrative of dramatic character tells of the advent of a new kind of character in the 1590s. This is usually labelled the 'Shakespearean', and is considered to be quite different from the limited figures of earlier plays. The new character is defined in terms of its essential nature, as being ‘individual’ and ‘complex’. World War I was both tragic and transforming for George Bernad Shaw. Like Europe as a whole, Shaw confronted the limits of his own views and strategies during the Great War. The distinctive Shavian voice that had changed the face of socialism in Britain in the 1880s; the voice that helped build the prestige of the Fabian Society, and, thereby, laid the foundation for the British Labor Party; … the voice that had made him famous worldwide—the Shavian irreverent and ironic confrontation of his audience seemed to fail when Shaw confronted Europe at war. [I]ndividuals in the United States are pressured to conform to the group, since the latter, and not individuals, perform the tasks of political and economic exploits in Sisyphean societies. Consumption in the United States provides a sense of power, since in a Sisyphean culture the possession of an object is evidence of potency. The most familiar [of the classical traditions] is that which may be termed 'Smithian' classicism. Its central core is encapsulated in the theory of market equilibrium operating via the price mechanism, and has been transmitted virtually intact from Adam Smith to Alfred Marshall to modern day economists. Socratic irony is an art or process of self-formation in opposition to fixed meanings, definitions and conventions. In many ways, then, Socrates typifies the impossibility of philosophy. He is a superior sophist. Whether the ‘real’ Ark of the Covenant is there or not, Aksum remains the seat of Ethiopia’s first church and the centre of a more than 1600-year-old ecclesiastical history. The need for clarity is recognised by the church…. The matter is easier to resolve now in some ways, having shed its political ramifications. There is now no reigning absolute ruler, claiming Solomonic descent for his dynasty according to the same book that grants Ethiopia the Ark, fear of offending whom could impede proper investigation. Solomonic descent, stated as a fact in the 1955 Ethiopian Constitution, is no longer part of the national image. Multiple assays have been described to analyze telomere length and for yeast, Southern blot analysis of terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) remains one of the most popular ones to get a global picture of the state of telomeres in a given experimental setting. Le Corbusier illustrated the Farman Goliath no less than eight times in his book Towards a New Architecture. The interiors of the Goliath fleet ranged from crude and spartan to elegant and refined.

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Marlowe and the Popular Tradition: Innovation in the English Drama Before 1595 By Ruth Lunney (2002, Manchester University; p. 124) | return to list |

Education, Arts, and Morality: Creative Journeys (Irony and conflict: Lessons from George Bernard Shaw’s wartime journey, by M.H. Hanson) edited by Doris B. Wallace (2006, Springer; p. 19) | return to list |

The Word of Light: Piercing the Veil of Chaos By Shlomo Shoham (2008, Cambridge Scholars; p. 99) | return to list | The Classical Tradition in Economic Thought, Volume 11 edited by Ingrid Hahne Rima (1995, Edward Elgar Publishing; p. ix) | return to list | Irony By Claire Colebrook (2004, Routledge; p. 30) | return to list |

The Quest for the Ark of the Covenant: The True History of the Tablets of Moses By Stuart Munro-Hay (2006, I.B. Tauris; p. 42) | return to list |

Yeast Protocols edited by Wei Xiao (2006, Springer Science & Business; p. 265) | return to list | Transport Design: A Travel History By Gregory Votolato (2007, Reaktion Books; p. 171) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Spenserian

Stalinist

Stuart / Stewart

tantalizing

tawdry

Thatcherite

thespian

Thomistic / Thomist

The Spenserian stanza consists of eight lines of iambic pentameter and a ninth of hexameter, with a rhyme scheme of ababbcbcc; I have always considered it a marvelous ugly duckling among the English fixed forms. In skilled hands it is capable of soaring to great heights, but its inherent difficulties seems sufficiently daunting to deter novices from attempting it. The question concerns the extent to which Cuba adopted what is often referred to as a 'Stalinist' approach to cultural control, a value system more accurately labelled 'socialist realism'. Many observers, particularly those ideologically opposed to the revolution, insist that this is an accurate assessment, although … this view does not stand up to scrutiny. With the lapse of synodical activity under Charles II and James II, debate on convocation declined, but it revived under William and Anne. These powers [of convocation] were entrenched in law, frequently at the highest possible level – statute. Later Stuart monarchs inherited wide-ranging powers over their church, but these came parcelled with a poisonous legacy of conflicting accounts of the location, extent, and purpose of those powers. Did statutes which declared monarchs supreme heads mean that kings could thereafter ignore parliament’s wishes on religion? Whether you're basking solo by the pool or entertaining all night on your patio, these 50 tantalizing drinks are the perfect recipe for summer fun. In 2004, a candidate for a senate seat from the state of Illinois was forced to withdraw from the race because of past visits to a number of tawdry places. Those visits to tawdry places defined the candidate and destroyed his reputation.

D.J. Taylor defines the Thatcherite hero as 'picaresque, ruthless, upwardly mobile ... with which ... older types of character … were usually unable to contend’. There are very few talented dramatists in the world. And even for people with thespian talent, acting a part that they don't personally believe in takes a lot more energy than one that is more closely aligned with their true selves. Conviction, passion, and belief are communicated in the way you carry and express yourself. People are consciously and subconsciously drawn to leaders who strongly believe in something, and whose actions are consistent with their words. Like the analytic tradition, the Thomist tradition has sometimes been criticized for being too conceptual, for getting lost in an analytic approach to philosophical questions and for not being able to see the wood for the trees.... Yet it would be a great pity if Marcel could not engage in fruitful dialogue with the Thomist tradition for the simple reason that he shares with

An Exaltation of Forms: Contemporary Poets Celebrate the Diversity of Their Art edited by Annie Finch, Kathrine Varnes, Kathrine Lorne Varnes (2002, U of Michigan Press; p. 148) | return to list | Detective Fiction in Cuban Society and Culture By Stephen Wilkinson (2006, Peter Lang; p. 53) | return to list |

The Later Stuart Church, 16601714 edited by Grant Tapsell (2012, Oxford UP; p. 22) | return to list |

Summer Cocktails and Other Refreshing Drinks: 50 Tantalizing Recipes By Penelope Wisner (2001, Chronicle; jacket) | return to list | The Nonverbal Factor: Exploring the Other Side of Communication By Donald B. Egolf, Sondra L. Chester, Ph.D. (2007, iUniverse; p. 261) | return to list | The Image of the English Gentleman in Twentieth-century Literature: Englishness and Nostalgia By Christine Berberich (2007, Ashgate; p. 93) | return to list |

Taming the Dragons: 50 Essays from the Business World By Paula Gamonal (2001, iUniverse; p. 80) | return to list |

The Vision of Gabriel Marcel: Epistemology, Human Person, the Transcendent By Brendan Sweetman (2008, Rodopi; p. 121) | return to list |

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Thomistic philosophers so many points of philosophical agreement.

Thucydidean

Timurid

titanic

Tokugawa

Trotskyist / Trotskyite

tsarist / Tsarist / czarist

Tudor

Turing

Arendt herself suggests that Thucydidean objectivity consists in his making "articulate the standpoints and interests of the warring parties". This study has attempted to demonstrate the transition that the Timurid rulers of Iran and Central Asia were obliged to make from the nomadic empire that had been established by the eponymous founder of their dynasty, the charismatic warlord Temur, to a sedentary polity based on the Perso-Islamic model. Max Weber’s concept of the “routinization” of charismatic authority has provided an apt paradigm for understanding the case of the Timurids… In short, it was not ideological factors, but economic ones that served as the chief impetus for the “routinization” of the Timurid empire. In Greek mythology, the Titans were a race of godlike creatures who were pushed aside by Zeus and the Gods of Olympus. Although they lost that power struggle, the Titans were formidable beings, hence the adjective “titanic.” In Tokugawa Japan the overseas Chinese served primarily as Chinese interpreters, whereas in Southeast Asia they were maritime traders. Both played larger and more active roles during the first half of the Tokugawa period, when the bakufu actively used … maritime trade for economic and political purposes. We quote [a resolution] of the Fourth International from 1953-54:… But at the same time in this strength [of an international organisation that was constituted exclusively on the basis of agreement of the cadres] lay sure danger of great weakness because of its being cut off from the workers' movement: that of the transformation of the Trotskyist organisation into a discussion club and into an academic sect of Marxist critics of Stalinist policy. The Russo-Japanese War demonstrated as never before to what an extent the fate of the tsarist regime at home was tied to its policies of war and peace abroad. [T]he process by which parliament, an irregularly held meeting of the estates of the realm, became Parliament, sovereign over Britain, was a tortured one. Every monarch from the first Tudor to the last Stuart found them to be difficult to deal with, fractious, often obstructive, and, in the case of Charles I, downright treasonable. Turing was not satisfied with the explanation that a computer trying to prove Gödel's statement would never halt. Was it good enough to argue that computers following the rules of logic were subject to the same limitations as logic itself? Suppose he could devise a special Turing machine that could determine if any other computer procedure would ever halt. Then he could use this special Turing machine on the

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

Silence and Democracy: Athenian Politics in Thucydides’ History By John G. Zumbrunnen (2008, Penn State Press; p. 93) | return to list |

Timurids in Transition: TurkoPersian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Iran By Maria Subtelny (2007, BRILL; p. 229) | return to list |

The Age of Rand: Imagining an Objectivist Future World By Frederick Cookinham (2005, iUniverse; 3rd page of 10th chapter) | return to list | Maritime China in Transition 1750-1850 By Gungwu Wang, Chin-Keong Ng (2004, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag; p. 213) | return to list |

The Democratic Socialist Party and the Fourth International By Jim Percy, Doug Lorimer (2001, Resistance Books; p. 7) | return to list |

The Impact of the RussoJapanese War Edited by Rotem Kowner (2006, Routledge; p. 54) | return to list | A Political History of Tudor and Stuart England: A Sourcebook edited by Victor Stater (2005, Routledge; section 11, first page) | return to list |

The Intelligent Web: Search, smart algorithms, and big data By Gautam Shroff (2013, Oxford UP; p. | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Umayyad

unpasteuri(z/s)ed / (p/P)asteuri(z/s)ed / Pasteurian

Ursuline

Vaishnava / Vaishnavite

vandalized

venereal

Vesalian

Victorian

computer trying to prove Gödel's statement. … So were Turing machines more powerful than logic? Fortunately, or unfortunately, this was not the case. The influence of certain powerful prototypes on later architecture has occasionally been noted in passing, but seldom explored in any detail. Recently, however, attention has been drawn to the phenomenon of copying in the architecture of the medieval mosque, and to the enduring influence of the Umayyad mosque of Damascus in particular. From Umayyad Spain to Seljuq Iran, it seems that the architectural forms associated with the Great Mosque of Damascus were replicated and, through their incorporation in to regional idioms, profoundly influenced the formal evolution of the mosque. The name of the food is “Pasteurized orange juice.” If the food is filled into containers and preserved by freezing, the label should bear the name “Frozen pasteurized orange juice.” The words “pasteurized” or “frozen pasteurized” should be shown on labels in letters not less than one-half the height of the letters in the words “orange juice.” Rebecca Reed’s flirtation with, and subsequent alienation from, the Catholic Church brings together the conflicted and conflicting issues of class, gender, and sectarianism. Reed, born into humble circumstances, viewed religion, specifically her conversion to Catholicism and entry into the Ursuline Convent, as a means of upward mobility. People turn to prayer and devotional love of God in the times of unrest and insecurity…. In Bengal devotional songs and prayers of Vaishnava poets burst forth meaning a new leaf in the book of Hinduism. While Ram Katha Kirtans were providing solace to Hindus of the heartland of India, Radha Krishna Sankirtans gave a new cultural awakening to the Bengalis: rich or poor, Hindu or Muslim. Later it would be the cult of mother Kali. Less than thrilled about driving her vandalized car, she didn't look at any passing drivers. She parked deep in and far to the side of the driveway, which was lined by bushes. David parked on the street. They remained silent as she led him into the house and down the hall to the family room. In September 1867, a hospital for the treatment of venereal diseases of prostitutes was established in Yokohama for the first time in the history of Japan, and subsequently similar institutions were established at Kobe and Nagasaki. The ways in which anatomists have dissected the brain have determined their knowledge…. Vesalius… employed the method of slicing horizontally through the brain in situ…. Although the Vesalian procedure was an easy one to perform, it created difficulties for understanding of the relationships of the various parts of the brain; nevertheless, it was still being used to some extent… at the end of the eighteenth century. Michael J. Clark discusses Victorian thinking about the dangers of intense introspection: '…"introspection", almost invariably in conjunction

Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World, Volume 14 edited by Gülru Necipoğlu (1997, BRILL; p. 57) | return to list |

Handbook of Frozen Foods Edited by Y. H. Hui, Isabel Guerrero Legarretta, Miang Hoong Lim, K.D. Murrell, Wai-Kit Nip (2004, CRC Press; p. 468) | return to list |

The Human Tradition in Antebellum America edited by Michael A. Morrison (2000, Rowman & Littlefield; p. 181) | return to list |

Bengal: The Unique State By J. N. Nanda (2005, Concept Publishing; p. 51) | return to list |

Save Me By Jenny Elliott (2015, Macmillan; p. 139) | return to list | The Nightless City of the Geisha: The History of the Yoshiwara By Joseph Ernest De Becker (2002, Routledge; p. 163) | return to list | The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: A Historical Study Illustrated by Writings ... By Edwin Clarke, Charles Donald O'Malley (1996, Norman Publishing; p. 819) | return to list | The Most Dreadful Visitation': Male Madness in Victorian Fiction

78 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Virgilian / Vergilian

volcanic

von Neumann

Vygotskian

Wahhabi

Wagnerian

with habitual self-absorption and unnatural egoism, forms one of the principal constitutive elements of their [later nineteenth-century psychological authorities] conception of "unsound Mind.".' While composing Les Troyens, [Berlioz] felt that Virgil was alive again in him: “The countryside [at SaintGermain] seems to make my Virgilian passion more intense than ever. I feel as if I knew Virgil, as if he knew how much I love him.”… Les Troyens is Virgilian in countless ways. There is the blend of romantic rhetoric and classical restraint, of monumentality and pictorial vividness; the fondness for mixing genres and in particular for using the lyrical to diversify the tragic and at the same time to bring it into sharper focus. In the past 300 years, volcanic eruptions, most of them unexpected, have killed more than 250,000 people. In 2000, experts estimated that 500 million people were living in areas at risk from catastrophic volcanic eruptions. This book describes the strides that have made in eruption forecasting in recent years and explores why accurately predicting volcanic events remains difficult. All stored-program computers have come to be known as von Neumann systems using the von Neumann architecture. Although we are compelled by tradition to say that stored-program computers use the von Neumann architecture, we shall not do so without paying proper tribute to its true inventors: John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. The second theoretical approach to friendship and cognitive development has Vygotskian roots and takes learning to be a social activity in which dialogue and the joint production of knowledge are central (Miell & MacDonald, 2000). Whereas Piagetian theory depicts people building a shared perspective comprising parts from each individual’s perspective, the Vygotskian perspective stresses the production of new knowledge and skills through social interactions. [Ibn Saud] drew on militant Wahhabism at times, but in 1927, the Ikhwan (Brotherhood, as the Wahhabi warriors are known) tried to force him into a more severe conflict with the Hashemites. Ibn Saud who had already weathered trouble with the Ikhwan, employed his political wiles until they overstepped their bounds…. The principle of tribal/dynastic leadership was useful then and later in containing the zeal for jihad, but that does not translate into a recommendation that the royal family should or could separate itself from the Wahhabi creed particular to much of the Saudi citizenry. Even more neglected than the musical details of the relationship has been Strauss's reception of Wagnerian ideology: the complex of social theory, philosophy, and aesthetics that formed the interpretive context of the works.

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

By Valerie Pedlar (2006, Liverpool University; p. 70) | return to list |

Hector Berlioz, Les Troyens: Edited by Ian Kemp By Ian Kemp (1988, Cambridge University; p. 77) | return to list |

The Forecasting of Volcanic Eruptions By R. B. Trombley (2006, iUniverse; jacket) | return to list |

The Essentials of Computer Organization and Architecture By Linda Null, Julia Lobur (2006, Jones & Bartlett Learning; p. 31) | return to list |

The Psychology of Friendship and Enmity: Relationships in Love, Work, Polittics, and War edited by Rom Harré, Fathali M. Moghaddam (2013, ABC-CLIO; p. 167) | return to list |

Saudi Arabia: Islamic Threat, Political reform, and the Global War on Terror By Sherifa Zuhur (2005, Diane Publishing; p. 18) | return to list |

Richard Strauss's Orchestral Music and the German Intellectual Tradition: The Philosophical Roots of Musical Modernism By Charles Dowell Youmans (2005, Indiana University; p. 30) | return to list |

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Walrasian

Weberian

Wesleyan

Wilsonian

Wittgensteinian

Wolffian / wolffian

Wordsworthian

We start our analysis in the traditional Walrasian general equilibrium framework of pure exchange. There are two main reasons for us to do so. The first reason is that, as most economists certainly will agree, the Walrasian general equilibrium framework stands at the very heart of economics as a fundamental point of reference. In the last decades neo-Marxist and neo-Weberian class theorists have narrowed the gap [between the two theories] even further… Nowhere has the convergence between Marxian and Weberian class theory been more pronounced than in efforts to theorize the middle class… An anthropology of middleclass cultural practice needs to unite a Weberian sensitivity to the powerful role of culture in social life with a Marxian commitment to locate different forms of cultural practice in the context of unequal distributions of power and resources in society.

Economic Evolution and Equilibrium: Bridging the Gap By Marco Lehmann-Waffenschmidt (2007, Springer Science & Business; p. 29) | return to list |

Suitably Modern: Making Middleclass Culture in a New Consumer Society By Mark Liechty (2003, Princeton University; p. 11-12) | return to list |

What is Wesleyan eucharistic spirituality? Spirituality has to do with action (practices) and it has to do with attitudes (beliefs and theology). Our working definition states that spirituality is an ‘existential and experiential response’ to a call to move ‘towards a goal of wholeness (however that is defined)’.

Wesleyan Eucharistic Spirituality: Its Nature, Sources and Future By Lorna Lock-Nah Khoo (2005, ATF Press; p. 165) | return to list |

As World War II proceeded, the Roosevelt administration and its supporters insisted that FDR was assuming the mantle of a revitalized Wilsonian internationalism and fighting against a willful group of shortsighted isolationists who should shoulder the blame for the appeasement that had led to Pearl Harbor.

Reconsidering Woodrow Wilson: Progressivism, Internationalism, War, and Peace By John Milton Cooper Jr., Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (2008, Woodrow Wilson Center; p. 253) | return to list |

Virtually all arguments against animal rights rely on the ancient prejudice about rationality or linguistic ability being a sign of human superiority. A good example of this approach is the work of Michael Leahy, who invokes certain Wittgensteinian notions in order to argue that it simply doesn't make sense to treat animals as the kind of beings toward which we ought to have moral obligations. Wittgenstein makes a very telling move when he maintains that “our investigation is therefore a grammatical one,” because this not only sets a methodological tone for everything that follows, but it also determines the outcome of anything like the speciesism debate in advance of any subsequent argumentation. A major determinant in establishing phenotypic sex is the expression of genetic sex early in fetal life, thereby leading to the differentiation of indifferent gonads into testes or ovaries. Subsequently, and depending upon the type of gonad that develops, male or female internal and external genitalia grow and differentiate form the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts, respectively. By anthropomorphizing imagination, Wordsworthian philosophy is all the more unsettled by psychoanalytical self-writing. By self-writing I also mean self-making, the writing both of and by the self as part of the creative act, but also, and more crucially, the fact that the subject, by writing the self is written in turn by the imagination’s free-association.

A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, and Ethics Edited by Paul Waldau, Kimberley Patton (2006, Columbia University; p. 124) | return to list |

Pediatric Gender Assignment: A Critical Reappraisal edited by Stephen A. Zderic et al. (2005, Springer Science & Business; p. 25) | return to list | Romantic Psychoanalysis: The Burden of the Mystery By Joel Faflak (2009, SUNY Press; p. 115) | return to list |

80 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Yorkist

zany

Zapatista

Zeeman

Zoroastrian

Throughout this sustained Lancastrian assault, Edward, commanding the Yorkist reserve, is said to have continually travelled up and down the Yorkist line throwing himself into battle where the line looked like giving way. Edward would have certainly been an impressive sight.

From Wakefield to Towton: The Wars of the Roses By Philip Haigh (2001, Pen and Sword; p. 85) | return to list |

This remarkable 15-week devotional book for women-designed for individual or group study--features zany humor, relevant stories, sound biblical truth, genuine encouragement, and fresh insights about where one is headed in life.

Walking with God with Toilet Paper Stuck to My Shoe: A Humorous Devotional about an Intimate Relationship with God By Melissa Jansen (2005, TATE PUB; jacket) | return to list |

One of the ideological contradictions in the expansion of capitalist rule is that once the power of the economic sphere becomes stronger, it may also become more apparent that the economic sphere does have power. The fact that the Zapatista Army for National Liberation (Ejercito Zapatista de Liberacion Nacional, or EZLN) in Chiapas started its rebellion in 1994 on the very day the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) became effective was no coincidence. Zeeman discovered this phenomenon (known as the Zeeman effect) in the laboratory, but it proved valuable in deducing even more information from a star's light. When Hale leamed of the Zeeman effect, he conducted laboratory work of his own to observe what the effect looked like in certain test cases. He carried out ob servations of light from an iron arc (or spark) from other sources and recorded much diversity in the splitting of the spectral lines from the different materials. To Zoroastrian conservatives, this is heresy. “Purity is more important than numbers," says Khojeste Mistree, a Zoroastrian scholar in Mumbai. “Our religion is interwoven with our ethnicity (and) can only be passed on through a Zoroastrian [parentage]…"

New Perspectives on Globalization and Antiglobalization: Prospects for a New World Order? Edited by Henry Veltmeyer (2008, Ashgate; p. 173) | return to list |

Great Events from History: The 20th century, 1901-1940, Volume 2 Robert F. Gorman (2007, Salem Press) | return to list |

Business World, Volume 24 (2004, Ananda Bazar Patrika ; p. 332) | return to list |

Quotes were found via Google Books search for the eponymous adjective. Among dozens of choices, I attempted to select quotes that are reasonably well understood in isolation, accurately characterize a major meaning of the entry, and which bear no correlation to my personal beliefs. Words contained in brackets are my paraphrase of the author, inserted to save space or to clarify a section of text that would otherwise be out of context. Note that some KWIC items occur outside of 1988-2008; this selection has no bearing on other data collected for this study, and was chosen for style rather than chronological accuracy.

1-100 | 101-200 | 201-335 | bonus | KWIC | data | glossary | appendix

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Advanced Data Here is data for investigators who wish to dig deeply. Here you will find the ranking of influential humans, the words most often associated with the adjective, diachronic data, ‘genetic health’, and the actual usage rate. The parameters calculated by 4 corpora are Person Power rank and normalized average. Other items are based only on data from Google Ngram Viewer, although multiple corroborations were made for dependencies and dominant form of lexeme by comparing NgV with COCA and BNC. Even though NgV is not highly regarded among professional corpus linguists, its data proved satisfactory for the purposes of this list. Entries are organized by lexeme, which is a collection of one or more words that share the same meaning. The more frequent form of the lexeme is listed first. For example, there is little or no difference in meaning between Abelian and abelian; thus, together they create a single lexeme. It seems that, at least in this case, the math community isn’t overly concerned about conventions of capitalization. Conversely, Platonic and platonic constitute distinct lexemes because the former refers to the philosophical program of the great thinker, while the latter refers to a nonsexual intimate relationship. In principle, lexeme constituents that represent less than 20% of the total frequency value are not included. Genetic health factor (GHF) is an original metric created for this study. The calculation for GHF is the population standard deviation divided by mean (σ/μ) of top ten dependency terms multiplied by the percentage of total frequency accounted for by those dependencies, per Tables 1 & 2. Table 1. Dependencies (combined as lexeme where multiple inflections occur within top 10) of selected entries with differing degrees of Genetic Health Factor. item Nietzschean Marxist stentorian venereal item Nietzschean Marxist stentorian venereal

Dependency 1, frequency sense, 1.0E-06 theor(y/ies), 7.70E-05 voice(s) 4.37E-06 disease(s), 8.40E05 Dependency 6, frequency superman, 6.8E07 perspective, 9.85E-06 bellow, 1.01E-07 patients, 4.94E-07

Dependency 2, frequency philosophy, 1.0E06 Leninist, 5.57E-05

Dependency 3, frequency terms, 8.5E-07

Dependency 4, frequency

analysis, 2.11E-05

tone(s), 2.00E-06 infection(s), 3.58E-06 Dependency 7, frequency will, 6.6E-07

lungs, 2.08E-07 warts, 2.77E-06

tradition, 1.41E05 shout, 1.33E-07

view, 9.79E-06 [be], 9.99E-08 transmission, 4.77E-07

Dependency 8, frequency thought, 5.5E-07

[be], 7.8 E-07

syphilis, 1.54E-06

Dependency 5, frequency critique, 7.4 E-07 ideology, 1.22E-05 roar, 1.04E-07 clinic(s), 9.32E-07 Dependency 10, frequency critique, 7.4 E-07

thought, 9.68E-06

Dependency 9, frequency perspective, 5.3E07 --

whose, 7.74E-08 --

---

---

--

Table 2. Calculation of Genetic Health Factor for selected entries. A item Nietzschean Marxist stentorian venereal

B Normalized NgV Frequency (NF) 5.64E-05 9.34E-04 1.22E-05 1.15E-04

C sum of dependency frequencies 7.3E-06 2.09E-04 7.09E-06 9.38E-05

D % dependencies as NF (C / B) 13% 22% 58% 82%

E standard deviation ÷ mean (σ/μ) 0.23 0.92 1.64 2.2

G Genetic Health Factor 0.030 0.21 0.95 1.8

82 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

GHF indicates the degree to which the lexeme entry may be employed to modify a variety of other words (usually nouns). The median GHF is 0.20; lower than that, and the adjective can describe an above average number of words. In principle, entries whose GHF is above 1.05 were classified as noun adjuncts and were not included on the official list. Many familiar lowercase words like bohemian (0.14), gothic/Gothic (0.12), and masochistic (0.074) can be used in many situations, so they have low GHFs. Nietzschean is especially notable in its low GHF, meaning authors use Nietzsche’s adjective in a multitude of ways; it is extremely productive. Entries which can only modify a couple of words have a high GHF: fallopian/Fallopian (2.1) is almost always followed by tube(s) or canal; venereal (1.8) modifies the lexeme disease(s) 73% of the time. Therefore, venereal and other words with a GHF over 1.05 are not considered adjectives appropriate for the list because they serve a function more like attributive or compound nouns. Finally, I recognize that this metric has pitfalls. The cut off at 1.05 is not based on rigorous reasoning, but, like many aspects of this project, it is based on long-considered feeling. Also, the choice of population standard deviation as the metric of distribution may be faulty since the data are not normally distributed. Even more disconcerting is NgV’s lack of explanation about the meaning and frequency calculation of ‘dependency’: it includes the 10 most frequent “instances in which [each dependency term] is applied to [the item under investigation]” (Ngram Viewer info, 2013). It is also not clearly stated whether any data of the 10 dependency frequencies is counted twice; consider the phrase “the Nietzschean sense of the superman.” Would this one phrase count as separate hits on both dependency terms? The data suggest not. Among over 500 calculations of dependency sums, none exceeded 100% of lexeme total frequency, while 18 have surpassed 80%: noun adjuncts like fallopian/Fallopian, eustachian/Eustachian, cesarean, and Achilles. key

Person Power rank

Dependency term 1

adjectival lexeme

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

117

Abbasid.

caliphate

caliph(s)

20

1890

0.44

1.78E-05

return

161

Abelian / abelian.

group(s)

theor(y/ies)

24

1890

0.64

1.04E-05

return

n/a

Abrahamic.

covenant(s)

religion(s)

190

1740

0.39

1.51E-05

return

n/a

Achaemenid.

empire

period

29

1870

0.29

1.40E-05

return

n/a

Achilles / Achilles'.

heel

tendon

52

1830

1.5

1.01E-04

return

n/a

Adamic.

language

myth

43

1800

0.25

1.06E-05

return

195

Adlerian.

therapy

psychology

-16

1920

0.23

7.45E-06

return

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Person Power rank

adjectival lexeme

Dependency term 1

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

47

algorithmic.

approach(es)

procedure(s)

93

1920

0.12

5.53E-05

return

188

Althusserian.

Marxism

theory

110

1970

0.24

8.01E-06

return

n/a

American.

North

society

-8

1690

0.076

2.92E-02

return

23

Amish.

communit(y/ies)

children

97

1900

0.16

1.24E-04

return

78

Angevin.

king(s)

empire

-9

1810

0.23

2.95E-05

return

173

Antonine.

period

emperors

-35

1760

0.43

9.82E-06

return

n/a

aphrodisiac.

effect(s)

properties

8

1820

0.30

1.47E-05

return

n/a

Apollonian.

Dionysian

of

-5

1800

0.10

1.25E-05

return

n/a

Arabesque / arabesque.

Grotesque

design(s)

-12

1790

0.21

9.25E-06

return

172

Archimedean.

point(s)

screw

26

1800

0.83

9.84E-06

return

Arendtian.

politics

sense

2500

1980

0.22

9.01E-07

return

93

Arian.

heresy

controversy

7

pre-1675

0.23

2.66E-05

return

14

Aristotelian.

philosophy

logic

13

pre-1675

0.085

1.50E-04

return

140

Ariminian.

theology

doctrine(s)

3

pre-1675

0.12

1.32E-05

return

224

Arnoldian.

culture

sense

24

1880

0.086

5.40E-06

return

n/a

Arthurian.

legend(s)

romance(s)

22

1850

0.26

4.93E-05

return

76

Augustan.

age

period

-23

pre-1675

0.35

3.00E-05

return

44

Augustinian.

tradition

canons

4

1750

0.063

5.70E-05

return

doctrine

position

-12

1870

0.13

1.27E-06

return

doctrine

philosophy

2

1930

0.080

6.46E-07

return

rites

mysteries

-19

1710

0.15

1.20E-05

return

235+20

235+17 235+23 n/a

Averroist / Averroistic. Avicennian / Avicennan. Bacchic / Bacchanalian / bacchanalian

153

Baconian.

science

method(s)

2

1810

0.13

1.17E-05

return

114

Bahai / Baha'i.

faith

communit(y/ies)

26

1910

0.35

1.88E-05

return

n/a

barbarous / barbaric.

{be}

people / persons

-30

pre-1675

0.10

2.52E-04

return

33

Bayesian.

network(s)

approach(es)

130

1940

0.23

8.36E-05

return

n/a

Beauvoirian / Beauvoirean.

n/a

n/a

530

1980

n/a

8.80E-08

return

32

Benedictine.

monk(s)

monaster(y/ies)

2

pre-1675

0.38

8.80E-05

return

206

Benthamite.

utilitarianism

principle(s)

-28

1830

0.20

6.50E-06

return

230

Bismarckian.

system

state

-30

1870

0.16

4.99E-06

return

Boasian.

anthropology

tradition(s)

100

1950

0.48

2.46E-06

return

n/a

bohemian.

life

artists(s)

36

1870

0.14

6.70E-05

return

193

Bolivarian.

revolution

movement

21

1930

0.42

7.71E-06

return

79

Boltzmann.

equation

distribution

-11

1900

0.78

2.94E-05

return

n/a

Bonapartist.

regime

state

-56

1830

0.11

8.55E-06

return

12

Boolean / boolean.

expression(s)

function(s)

89

1920

0.18

1.61E-04

return

178

Bourbon.

Parma

Conde

-39

1790

0.17

9.08E-06

return

235+10

84 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Person Power rank n/a

Dependency term 1

adjectival lexeme bowdlerized / bowdlerised.

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

version(s)

edition(s)

-15

1900

n/a

2.66E-06

return

135

Brechtian.

theat(re/er)

techniques

37

1950

0.13

1.42E-05

return

n/a

Brownian.

motion(s)

particle(s)

40

1870

1.3

3.35E-05

return

4

Buddhist.

monk(s)

tradition

16

1830

0.11

5.95E-04

return

183

Burke.

conservatism

sublime

54

1930

0.098

8.53E-06

return

160

Byronic.

hero(es)

figure

-32

1820

0.52

1.04E-05

return

37

Calvinist / Calvinistic.

doctrine

theology

-17

pre-1675

0.11

7.60E-05

return

128

Capetian.

king(s)

dynasty

5

1780

0.58

1.57E-05

return

42

Carolingian.

empire

period

-7

1840

0.22

6.41E-05

return

15

Cartesian.

coordinates

product

41

pre-1675

0.24

1.48E-04

return

164

Cauchy.

Riemann

22

1910

0.22

1.03E-05

return

n/a

(c/C)esarean / (C/c)aesarean.

section(s)

deliver(y/ies)

20

1830

1.2

1.01E-04

return

235+9

Chaplinesque.

figure(s)

{be}

-33

1920

0.11

2.94E-06

return

218

Chaucerian.

English

Polity

-8

1850

0.077

5.68E-06

return

n/a

chauvinistic / chauvinist.

{be}

attitude(s)

-26

1880

0.21

4.17E-05

return

235

Chekhovian.

[be]

drama

-22

1930

0.079

4.50E-06

return

n/a

chimeric.

gene(s)

protein(s)

290

1840

0.22

2.23E-05

return

n/a

chimerical.

{be}

as

-21

1700

0.43

1.55E-05

return

168

Chomskyan / Chomskian.

linguistics

theory

9

1970

0.30

1.01E-05

return

Christian.

faith

church(es)

5

pre-1675

0.068

6.71E-03

return

[be]

character

28

1800

0.22

2.16E-05

return

title(s)

interpretation

32

1850

0.075

4.66E-05

return

1 n/a n/a

Schwarz/Schwar tz

Christlike / Christlike. christological / Christological.

198

Churchillian.

rhetoric

[be]

-34

1920

0.11

7.24E-06

return

182

Ciceronian.

rhetoric

style

-5

1740

0.11

8.68E-06

return

period

dynasty

-20

1720

0.41

7.99E-06

return

faction

party

39

n/a

0.056

5.44E-06

return

Comtean / Comtian.

positivism

sociology

-22

1860

0.59

4.34E-06

return

18

Confucian.

tradition

scholar(s)

27

1800

0.089

1.35E-04

return

179

Constantinian.

church(es)

era

3

1840

0.16

9.01E-06

return

41

Copernican.

revolution

system

-8

pre-1675

0.64

6.62E-05

return

129

Coulomb.

interaction(s)

criterion

-6

1880

0.20

1.57E-05

return

n/a

cretinous.

[be]

goons

-24

1870

0.10

4.92E-06

return

152

Cromwellian.

settlement

regime

-24

1810

0.16

1.18E-05

return

n/a

Cyclopean / cyclopean.

wall(s)

masonry

44

1800

0.38

9.26E-06

return

n/a n/a 235+4

Claudian / JulioClaudian. Clintonian / Clintonesque.

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Person Power rank

Dependency term 1

adjectival lexeme

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

74

Cyrillic.

alphabet(s)

script

25

1830

0.68

3.07E-05

return

217

Dantean / Dantesque.

vision

{be}

-19

1830

0.058

5.70E-06

return

17

Darwinian.

theory

evolution

50

1860

0.28

1.39E-04

return

111

Davidic.

king(s)

dynasty

36

1840

0.31

1.98E-05

return

165

Derridean.

deconstruction

sense

550

1980

0.31

1.02E-05

return

64

Dickensian.

{be}

of

-9

1870

0.062

3.51E-05

return

5

diesel.

fuel

engine(s)

-11

1890

0.62

4.80E-04

return

n/a

Dionysian / Dionysiac.

Apollonian

of

2

1790

0.076

5.08E-05

return

99

Dirac.

function(s)

equation

12

1930

0.46

2.48E-05

return

31

Dominican.

order

friar(s)

0

pre-1675

0.14

9.36E-05

return

27

Doppler.

shift(s)

ultrasound

81

1900

0.16

1.07E-04

return

n/a

draconian.

measures

law(s)

140

1820

0.32

9.45E-05

return

Du Boisian / DuBoisian.

double

235+27

notion

470

1970

n/a

4.92E-07

return

235+13

Duchampian.

readymade(s)

tradition(s)

200

1970

0.13

1.72E-06

return

157

Durkheimian.

sociology

tradition(s)

44

1930

0.20

1.12E-05

return

235+21

Dylanesque.

folk

n/a

80

1970

n/a

8.40E-07

return

11

Edwardian.

Victorian

period

-7

1840

0.36

1.62E-04

return

190

Einsteinian.

physics

relativity

-13

1920

0.31

7.90E-06

return

9

Elizabethan.

stage

period

-36

pre-1675

0.082

1.81E-04

return

167

Emersonian.

tradition(s)

19

1850

0.064

1.01E-05

return

n/a

enslaved / slavish.

Africans

people / persons

27

pre-1675

0.27

8.99E-05

return

n/a

eolian / Aeolian / aeolian.

sand(s)

deposits

-16

1760

0.45

2.01E-05

return

120

Epicurean (phil).

philosophy

Stoic

15

pre-1675

0.13

1.70E-05

return

n/a

epicurean (psy).

delight(s)

{be}

-26

1750

0.12

9.78E-06

return

n/a

erotic.

{be}

love

43

1770

0.048

5.04E-04

return

36

Euclidean.

geometr(y/ies)

distance(s)

24

1840

0.56

7.63E-05

return

115

Eulerian / Euler.

model(s)

Lagrangian

36

1880

0.27

1.82E-05

return

n/a

eustachian / Eustachian.

tube(s)

function

-1

1780

1.8

2.89E-05

return

n/a

Fabian.

socialism

socialist(s)

-23

pre-1675

0.13

2.76E-05

return

n/a

fallopian / Fallopian.

tube(s)

canal

5

1760

2.1

7.75E-05

return

Fanonian.

sense(s)

terms

640

1970

0.019

5.03E-07

return

n/a

Fatimid.

caliph(s)

dynasty

11

1900

0.25

9.73E-06

return

n/a

Faustian.

bargain(s)

pact

-2

1890

0.53

2.29E-05

return

n/a

Fenian.

movement

prisoners

-28

1800

0.14

1.83E-05

return

40

Fermi.

level(s)

energy

-19

1920

0.75

6.93E-05

return

235+25

consciousness

transcendentalis m

86 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Person Power rank

Dependency term 1

adjectival lexeme

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

107

Fibonacci.

number(s)

sequence

109

1950

0.96

2.14E-05

return

163

Flavian.

period(s)

emperor(s)

-30

1770

0.43

1.03E-05

return

103

Fordist.

production

regime(s)

3100

1980

0.13

2.35E-05

return

121

Foucauldian.

analysis

sense

5900

1980

0.16

1.69E-05

return

24

Fourier.

transform(s)

series

2

1840

0.35

1.22E-04

return

16

Franciscan.

order

friar(s)

-10

pre-1675

0.20

1.44E-04

return

149

Francoist.

regime

state

160

1940

0.19

1.22E-05

return

202

Fregean.

sense

theory

65

1950

0.22

6.74E-06

return

Freirean / Freirian.

pedagogy

approach(es)

940

1980

0.26

3.49E-06

return

13

Freudian.

theory

psychoanalysis

-16

1900

0.30

1.60E-04

return

214

Galenic.

medicine

theory

33

1790

0.31

5.99E-06

return

98

Galilean.

satellites

transformation(s)

6

pre-1675

0.20

2.49E-05

return

20

galvanized / galvanic.

steel

{be}

-20

1800

0.35

1.32E-04

return

104

Gandhian.

philosophy

movement

-25

1920

0.056

2.30E-05

return

n/a

gargantuan.

proportions

task

30

1860

0.079

7.59E-05

return

Garveyite.

movement

women

10

1950

0.20

6.50E-07

return

62

Gaullist.

part(y/ies)

movement

-56

1940

0.16

3.64E-05

return

10

Gaussian.

distribution(s)

function(s)

65

1850

0.26

1.75E-04

return

n/a

Georgian.

house(s)

style

-10

1770

0.21

1.87E-04

return

n/a

giant.

cell(s)

tree(s)

6

1720

0.063

1.43E-03

return

n/a

gigantic.

proportions

{be}

-21

1720

0.063

3.50E-04

return

235+1

Gladstonian.

liberalism

Liberal(s)

-43

1880

0.40

6.43E-06

return

235+26

Godelian.

sentence(s)

argument

72

1960

0.092

5.01E-07

return

n/a

Golgi.

apparatus

complex(es)

-46

1880

0.67

4.55E-05

return

n/a

Gothic / gothic.

style

architecture

-15

pre-1675

0.12

6.94E-04

return

180

Gramscian.

sense

concept

470

1960

0.11

8.87E-06

return

89

Gregorian (art).

chant(s)

melodies

-29

pre-1675

0.52

2.69E-05

return

213

Gregorian (rel).

reform(s)

n/a

39

pre-1675

n/a

6.12E-06

return

83

Gregorian (sci).

calendar

date

23

pre-1675

0.70

2.87E-05

return

212

Gricean.

maxim(s)

implicature(s)

140

1970

0.33

6.19E-06

return

235+11

Grotian.

tradition(s)

conception

100

1820

0.31

1.87E-06

return

235+3

Gupta.

period

times

-26

1900

1.5

6.10E-06

return

38

Habsburg.

monarchy

empire

3

1840

0.20

7.49E-05

return

229

Hadrianic.

period

persecution(s)

-35

1880

0.34

5.11E-06

return

81

Hamiltonian.

system(s)

operator

15

1920

0.30

2.89E-05

return

205

Hanafi.

school(s)

law

27

1910

0.66

6.61E-06

return

82

Hanoverian.

succession

dynasty

-29

1740

0.21

2.89E-05

return

n/a

Hashemite.

regime

monarchy

10

1930

0.26

2.17E-05

return

235+8

235+22

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Person Power rank

adjectival lexeme

Dependency term 1

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

n/a

Hasmonean.

period

dynasty

28

1870

0.29

7.58E-06

return

n/a

Haversian / haversian.

canal(s)

system(s)

-39

1840

1.2

5.42E-06

return

219

Hawking.

entropy

process

220

1970

0.10

5.68E-06

return

34

Hegelian.

dialectic(s)

philosophy

-6

1840

0.19

8.26E-05

return

143

Heideggerian.

sense

terms

210

1950

0.055

1.27E-05

return

n/a

Heraclitean.

flux

fire

-5

1800

0.26

7.63E-06

return

n/a

Herculean/ herculean.

task(s)

effort(s)

-10

pre-1675

0.65

4.58E-05

return

n/a

hermaphroditic.

[be]

species

-22

1850

0.40

1.39E-05

return

n/a

hermeneutic / hermeneutical.

circle

of

150

1820

0.13

1.29E-04

return

n/a

Hermetic (rel).

tradition(s)

order

15

1780

0.29

2.00E-05

return

n/a

hermetic (sci).

seal(ing)

{be}

16

1780

0.094

3.61E-05

return

186

Herodian.

period

dynasty

28

1760

0.28

8.31E-06

return

235+14

Herodotean.

Inquires

narrative

50

1830

0.098

1.62E-06

return

68

Hippocratic.

oath

corpus

36

1780

0.66

3.34E-05

return

235+5

Hitchcockian.

suspense

thriller

100

1960

0.11

3.96E-06

return

221

Hitlerian.

Germany

regime

-39

1930

0.050

5.55E-06

return

92

Hobbesian.

state

view

76

1890

0.18

2.68E-05

return

n/a

Homeric.

epic(s)

poem(s)

-6

1730

0.20

6.61E-05

return

154

Horatian.

ode(s)

satire

-34

1770

0.45

1.16E-05

return

49

Hubble.

telescope

time

126

1940

0.34

5.44E-05

return

148

Humean.

view

theor(y/ies)

72

1890

0.12

1.24E-05

return

Husserlian.

phenomenology

sense(s)

51

1940

0.69

6.24E-06

return

189

Hussite.

wars

movement

-38

1800

0.32

7.97E-06

return

151

Ignatian.

spirituality

exercises

47

1820

0.36

1.19E-05

return

184

Ismaili / Isma’ili.

communit(y/ies)

sect

27

1900

0.19

8.35E-06

return

105

Jacksonian.

democracy

era

-40

1830

0.52

2.25E-05

return

52

Jacobean.

Elizabethan

drama

-23

1840

0.26

5.27E-05

return

n/a

Jacobite.

rebellion(s)

cause

-4

1690

0.18

6.77E-05

return

210

Jamesian (art).

novel

style

-58

1910

0.097

6.25E-06

return

235+6

Jamesian (phil).

pragmatism

theory

250

1910

0.084

3.81E-06

return

80

Jeffersonian.

democracy

ideal(s)

-30

1830

0.18

2.93E-05

return

n/a

Jekyll and Hyde.

personality

character

39

1890

0.024

7.13E-06

return

n/a

Jesuit / Jesuitical.

priest(s)

missionar(y/ies)

-7

pre-1675

0.14

1.84E-04

return

96

Johannine.

communit(y/ies)

epistles

38

1860

0.26

2.55E-05

return

n/a

jovial.

{be}

man

-1

pre-1675

0.17

7.94E-05

return

n/a

Jovian.

planet(s)

atmosphere

-5

pre-1675

0.34

3.83E-05

return

101

Julian.

calendar

date

9

pre-1675

0.50

2.42E-05

return

235+2

88 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Person Power rank

Dependency term 1

adjectival lexeme

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

n/a

jumbo.

jet(s)

shrimp

40

1870

0.65

1.24E-04

return

51

Jungian.

psychology

analyst(s)

48

1920

0.25

5.39E-05

return

169

Kafkaesque.

world

nightmare

16

1950

0.10

9.99E-06

return

28

Kantian.

philosophy

ethics

68

1790

0.096

9.79E-05

return

131

Kemalist.

regime

reforms

45

1920

0.089

1.52E-05

return

215

Keplerian.

orbit(s)

motion

36

1830

0.29

5.86E-06

return

8

Keynesian.

economics

model(s)

-4

1920

0.22

1.94E-04

return

185

Kleinian.

theor(y/ies)

analyst(s)

200

1950

0.27

8.35E-06

return

211

Kuhnian.

paradigm(s)

sense

92

1970

0.22

6.22E-06

return

59

Lacanian.

theor(y/ies)

psychoanalysis

690

1970

0.29

3.90E-05

return

n/a

laconic.

{be}

style

-17

1740

0.19

5.33E-05

return

50

Lagrangian / Lagrange.

multiplier(s)

function(s)

18

1880

0.51

5.42E-05

return

141

Lamarckian.

theor(y/ies)

evolution

30

1830

0.18

1.28E-05

return

123

Lancastrian.

king(s)

army

-19

1750

0.13

1.68E-05

return

86

Laplacian / Laplace.

operator(s)

pyramid

6

1890

0.49

2.80E-05

return

43

Leninist.

part(y/ies)

ideology

-52

1920

0.12

6.07E-05

return

n/a

lesbian.

gay

relationship(s)

550

pre-1675

0.47

5.75E-04

return

158

Linnaean.

system

Society

13

1780

0.55

1.06E-05

return

100

Lockean.

theor(y/ies)

liberalism

57

1890

0.10

2.46E-05

return

65

Lorentz / Lorentzian.

force

-7

1900

0.32

3.47E-05

return

n/a

Luddite.

movement

riots

3

1820

0.14

9.86E-06

return

142

Lukan / Lucan.

narrative

version

2

1870

0.091

1.28E-05

return

Lumumbist.

forces

government

-75

1960

0.27

2.46E-07

return

7

Lutheran.

church(es)

pastor(s)

-15

pre-1675

0.29

3.04E-04

return

n/a

macabre.

{be}

dance

-8

1890

0.039

9.42E-05

return

n/a

Maccabean.

revolt

period

-5

1800

0.57

1.20E-05

return

55

Machiavellian.

moment

{be}

8

1800

0.21

4.80E-05

return

222

Madisonian.

system

model

29

1840

0.20

5.49E-06

return

n/a

magic / magical.

of

{be}

16

pre-1675

0.15

3.14E-03

return

n/a

Malpighian.

tubule(s)

layer

-59

1840

1.5

4.16E-06

return

91

Malthusian.

theor(y/ies)

model(s)

-29

1820

0.17

2.69E-05

return

n/a

Mamluk.

period

sultan(s)

28

1840

0.25

1.46E-05

return

70

Manichaean / Manichean.

allegory

view

27

1720

0.078

3.19E-05

return

53

Maoist.

era

period(s)

-41

1950

0.13

5.24E-05

return

60

Marian.

devotion(s)

apparitions

58

pre-1675

0.18

3.83E-05

return

146

Markan / Marcan.

narrative

priority

2

1860

0.092

1.25E-05

return

transformation(

235+28

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

s)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Person Power rank 45

adjectival lexeme Markov / Markovian.

Dependency term 1

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

chain(s)

process(es)

23

1950

0.51

5.67E-05

return

66

Maronite.

Christian(s)

church

-4

1780

0.21

3.44E-05

return

197

Marshallian.

function(s)

curve

12

1930

0.071

7.29E-06

return

n/a

martial.

law

art(s)

10

pre-1675

0.69

5.99E-04

return

Marxist / Marxian.

theory

Leninist

-30

1880

0.26

7.51E-04

return

n/a

masochistic.

fantas(y/ies)

{be}

-14

1900

0.074

4.89E-05

return

181

Matthean.

communit(y/ies)

Jesus

70

1900

0.26

8.70E-06

return

n/a

maudlin.

{be}

get(ting)

-10

1750

0.13

3.95E-05

return

171

Mauryan / Maurya.

empire

period

-27

1890

0.58

9.84E-06

return

204

Maxwellian.

distribution(s)

{be}

-37

1890

0.93

6.70E-06

return

231

McCarthyite / McCarthyist.

attacks

hunt(s)

-5

1950

0.070

4.92E-06

56

Meiji.

period

era

-1

1890

0.69

4.76E-05

return

Mencian.

theory

doctrine

99

1910

0.16

1.04E-06

return

72

Mendelian.

inheritance

genetics

-11

1900

0.49

3.10E-05

return

46

Mennonite.

communit(y/ies)

church(es)

25

1830

0.17

5.66E-05

return

n/a

Mephistophelian / Mephistophelean.

figure

character

-35

1850

0.060

4.09E-06

return

n/a

mercurial.

{be}

temperament

-23

pre-1675

0.12

7.41E-05

return

n/a

Merovingian.

king(s)

period

-1

1780

0.36

4.71E-05

return

n/a

mesmerizing / mesmeric.

{be}

eyes

300

1850

0.30

4.81E-05

return

235+18

Michelangelesque.

figure(s)

{be}

-54

1860

0.18

1.10E-06

return

235+12

Miesian.

architecture

box

-15

1950

0.067

1.74E-06

return

194

Miltonic.

verse

style

-38

1790

0.055

7.51E-06

return

n/a

Ming.

dynasty

period

-11

1830

0.69

6.01E-05

return

n/a

Minoan.

period

civilization

-16

1900

0.14

7.99E-05

return

n/a

Mithraic.

mysteries

cult

-15

1820

0.24

6.09E-06

return

108

Mohammedan / Muhammadan.

religion(s)

law(s)

-49

1830

0.12

2.10E-05

return

Mohist.

logic

school

30

1940

0.29

1.53E-06

return

n/a

mongoloid (disease).

child(ren)

features

-80

n/a

0.28

278E-06

return

n/a

Mongoloid (race).

people(s)

race

-46

1870

0.15

7.79E-06

return

n/a

Mosaic.

law(s)

covenant(s)

14

pre-1675

0.53

5.96E-05

return

208

Mozartian / Mozartean.

[be]

opera

-34

1880

0.079

6.39E-06

return

n/a

Mughal.

Empire

emperor(s)

-6

1870

0.23

7.45E-05

return

n/a

Mullerian / mullerian.

duct(s)

substance

-4

1870

0.58

7.68E-06

return

n/a

musical

instrument(s)

work(s)

-3

pre-1675

0.16

3.42E-03

return

21

Napoleonic.

wars

era

-21

1800

1.1

1.27E-04

return

n/a

narcissistic..

disorder(s)

injury

39

1910

0.14

1.34E-04

return

3

235+19

235+15

90 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Person Power rank 166 207 n/a

Dependency term 1

adjectival lexeme Nash. Nasserist / Nasserite. Neoplatonic / Platonist / Neoplatonist

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

equilibri(um/a)

solution

88

1960

0.87

1.02E-05

return

regime

Egypt

-30

1960

0.12

6.47E-06

return

philosophy

tradition

28

1850

0.19

3.04E-05

return

138

Nestorian.

Christian(s)

church(es)

-10

pre-1675

0.26

1.36E-05

return

19

Newtonian.

fluid(s)

mechanics

-2

1700

0.30

1.34E-04

return

73

Nietzschean.

sense

philosophy

98

1900

0.030

3.09E-05

return

n/a

nymphomaniac / nymphomaniacal.

wife

daughter

-26

1900

n/a

1.84E-06

return

n/a

Oedipal / oedipal.

conflict(s)

complex

5

1930

0.16

8.35E-05

return

112

ohmic / Ohmic.

contact(s)

resistance

-8

1890

0.73

1.97E-05

return

n/a

Orphic.

hymn(s)

mysteries

-28

1750

0.081

1.65E-05

return

85

Orwellian.

nightmare

world

44

1950

0.064

2.80E-05

return

6

Ottoman.

empire

Turks

50

pre-1675

0.25

3.71E-04

return

223

Ottonian.

Carolingian

art

-7

1910

0.21

5.47E-06

return

192

Ovidian.

metamorphosis

myth

31

1770

0.048

7.75E-06

return

139

Pahlavi.

dynasty

regime

25

1870

0.44

1.32E-05

return

67

Palladian.

window(s)

style

-24

1790

0.26

3.37E-05

return

n/a

panicky / panicked.

{feel}

{get}

31

1680

0.14

1.17E-04

return

233

Paracelsian.

medicine

Science

60

1840

0.14

4.77E-06

return

84

Pareto.

optimal

(in)efficient

37

1940

0.86

2.84E-05

return

136

Parkinson’s

patient(s)

symptoms

27

1900

0.44

1.40E-05

return

n/a

parkinsonian / Parkinsonian.

disease(s)

patients

150

1880

n/a

1.53E-04

return

113

Parthian.

king(s)

empire

-17

1720

0.15

1.96E-05

return

69

pasteuri(z/s)ed / unpasteuri(z/s)ed / Pasteurian.

milk

product(s)

35

1890

0.95

3.19E-05

return

58

Pauline.

letters

epistles

17

1810

0.19

4.25E-05

return

116

Pavlovian.

conditioning

response(s)

-37

1930

1.0

1.82E-05

return

225

Peircean.

semiotics

terms

270

1960

0.20

5.33E-06

return

200

Pelagian.

controversy

heresy

-8

1700

0.24

6.95E-06

return

77

Peronist.

movement

part(y/ies)

2

1950

0.21

2.98E-05

return

147

Petrarchan.

sonnet(s)

tradition(s)

8

1880

0.21

1.24E-05

return

n/a

Petrine (dyn).

reforms

era

n/a

1840

0.11

2.93E-06

return

166.5

Petrine (rel).

ministry

office

-8

1840

0.12

1.02E-05

return

n/a

philistine.

{be}

of

-40

1860

0.13

1.78E-05

return

30

photovoltaic / voltaic.

cell(s)

system(s)

-7

1810

0.64

9.43E-05

return

106

Piagetian.

theor(y/ies)

task(s)

-36

1960

0.45

2.15E-05

return

109

Planck.

equation

scale

20

1900

0.24

2.07E-05

return

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Person Power rank

adjectival lexeme

Dependency term 1

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

126

Plantagenet.

king(s)

dynasty

-7

1770

0.44

1.64E-05

return

22

Platonic (phil).

dialogue(s)

philosophy

-2

1730

0.075

1.27E-04

return

n/a

platonic (psy).

relationship(s)

love

7

1750

0.14

4.36E-05

return

232

Plinian / plinian.

eruption(s)

races

140

1810

0.57

4.80E-06

return

n/a

plutonic.

rock(s)

volcanic

-50

1790

1.1

8.74E-06

return

57

Poisson.

distribution

process

7

1900

0.86

4.60E-05

return

201

Popperian.

sense

philosophy

53

1960

0.055

6.88E-06

return

n/a

pre-Columbian / PreColumbian.

times

art

-5

1800

0.43

6.69E-05

return

94

Pre-Raphaelite.

Brotherhood

painting(s)

-26

1850

0.47

2.59E-05

return

n/a

priapic / Priapic.

[be]

figure(s)

36

1880

0.043

5.42E-06

return

n/a

Procrustean / procrustean.

bed(s)

method(s)

-27

1810

1.0

7.96E-06

return

n/a

Promethean.

fire

myth

-17

1740

0.15

1.55E-05

return

n/a

protean.

{be}

nature

7

1790

0.21

3.39E-05

return

191

Proustian.

memory

narrator

11

1930

0.040

7.88E-06

return

118

Ptolemaic (dyn).

period

dynasty

24

1830

0.32

1.75E-05

return

95

Ptolemaic (sci).

system(s)

astronomy

-12

1710

0.23

2.58E-05

return

n/a

Pyrrhic / pyrrhic.

victor(y/ies)

{be}

-4

1730

0.85

1.90E-05

return

n/a

Pythagorean.

theorem

triple(s)

14

pre-1675

0.66

5.17E-05

return

174

Qajar.

dynasty

period

49

1930

0.59

9.62E-06

return

n/a

Qin.

dynasty

period

430

1940

0.60

6.54E-06

return

n/a

Qing.

dynasty

period

390

1970

1.1

2.69E-05

return

n/a

quixotic.

{be}

quest

-14

1780

0.16

4.47E-05

return

216

Rabelaisian.

humo(u)r

[be]

-37

1850

0.087

5.75E-06

return

133

Rastafarian.

movement

religion

82

1960

0.45

1.48E-05

return

176

Rawlsian.

justice

theor(y/ies)

210

1970

0.14

9.54E-06

return

199

Reaganite.

polic(y/ies)

entertainment

250

1970

0.16

6.99E-06

return

122

Ricardian.

equivalence

model(s)

20

1860

0.34

1.68E-05

return

75

Riemann / Riemannian.

surface(s)

problem

25

1920

0.37

3.04E-05

return

87

ritzy.

hotel(s)

neighborhood

170

1920

0.12

2.76E-05

return

n/a

robotic.

system(s)

arm(s)

340

1950

0.33

2.65E-04

return

187

Romanov.

tsar(s)/czar(s)

dynasty

5

1930

0.46

8.29E-06

return

n/a

Romantic (art).

poet(s)

love

6

1730

0.076

3.01E-04

return

n/a

romantic (psy).

love

{be}

-3

1710

0.12

1.88E-03

return

97

Rorschach.

test(s)

responses

-53

1920

0.59

2.55E-05

return

n/a

Rosicrucian.

order

Enlightenment

33

1790

0.18

1.45E-05

return

209

Rousseauian / Rousseauean / Rousseauesque.

ideal

view

88

1910

0.039

6.27E-06

return

92 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Person Power rank

Dependency term 1

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

figure

34

1900

n/a

3.50E-06

return

Dependency term 2

woman /

235+7

adjectival lexeme Rubenesque / Rubensian / Rubensesque.

235+16

Ruthian.

home run

n/a

110

1940

n/a

1.52E-06

return

n/a

sadistic.

pleasure

{be}

-6

1890

0.066

1.37E-04

return

162

Safavid.

dynasty

period

49

1920

0.30

1.03E-05

return

n/a

Saiva / Saivite.

temple(s)

saint(s)

-24

1850

0.11

9.32E-06

return

203

Sapphic / sapphic.

stanza(s)

love

61

1770

0.11

6.71E-06

return

235+24

Sargonic.

period

text(s)

39

1900

0.62

5.37E-07

return

196

Sartrean.

existentialism

ethics

41

1950

0.17

7.42E-06

return

119

Sasanian / Sassanian.

empire

period

-9

1800

0.22

1.75E-05

return

n/a

satanic / Satanic.

cult(s)

abuse

75

1790

0.40

1.74E-04

return

n/a

saturnine.

face

man

-16

1750

0.17

8.22E-06

return

n/a

Saudi.

Arabia

government

1

1930

0.45

4.56E-04

return

132

Saussurean / Saussurian.

linguistics

model(s)

69

1950

0.38

1.50E-05

return

175

Schumpeterian.

entrepreneur(s)

competition

130

1950

0.060

9.59E-06

return

137

Seleucid.

king(s)

empire

-8

1860

0.20

1.36E-05

return

n/a

Seljuk / Seljuq.

sultan(s)

period

-19

1840

0.17

9.31E-06

return

n/a

Semitic.

language(s)

{be}

-1

1820

n/a

1.27E-04

return

29

Shakespearean.

tragedy

play(s)

-1

1850

0.14

9.45E-05

return

228

Shavian.

drama

play(s)

-51

1910

0.056

5.11E-06

return

n/a

Sisyphean.

task(s)

labor(s) labour(s)

49

1820

0.46

8.21E-06

return

226

Smithian.

Marxism

model(s)

47

1860

0.15

5.33E-06

return

39

Socratic.

method

dialogue(s)

34

1740

0.21

7.14E-05

return

177

Solomonic.

temple

dynasty

22

1850

0.18

9.31E-06

return

n/a

Southern.

blot(s)

blotting

420

1980

1.0

3.28E-05

return

n/a

spartan.

{be}

room(s)

32

pre-1675

0.29

5.04E-05

return

227

Spenserian.

stanza(s)

allegory

-21

1800

0.54

5.27E-06

return

26

Stalinist.

system(s)

regime(s)

-13

1930

0.10

1.16E-04

return

n/a

stentorian.

voice(s)

tone(s)

-10

1790

0.95

1.14E-05

return

54

Stuart.

England

king(s)

40

pre-1675

0.50

5.22E-05

return

n/a

tantalizing.

{be}

glimpse(s)

29

1760

0.11

6.94E-05

return

n/a

tawdry.

{be}

cheap

-1

pre-1675

0.067

4.71E-05

return

48

Thatcherite.

polic(y/ies)

Britain

1100

1980

0.19

5.51E-05

return

n/a

thespian.

talent(s)

skills

100

1790

0.17

5.96E-06

return

88

Thomistic / Thomist.

philosophy

tradition

-8

1840

0.10

2.71E-05

return

n/a

Thucydidean.

history

narrative

43

1840

0.043

1.01E-06

return

234

Timurid.

period

dynasty

29

1920

0.16

4.57E-06

return

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

women

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

/

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Person Power rank

adjectival lexeme

Dependency term 1

Dependency term 2

% change 67-87 to 88-08

1st decade of use

Genetic health factor

normalized 4-corpora average

Back to list

n/a

titanic.

struggle(s)

battle(s)

-17

1800

0.37

7.63E-05

return

61

Tokugawa.

period

shogunate

-15

1870

0.56

3.81E-05

return

movement

group(s)

-40

1930

0.17

2.69E-05

return

Russia

regime(s)

-40

1900

0.43

7.78E-05

return

period

style

-29

1810

0.48

1.21E-04

return

machine(s)

thesis

140

1950

0.61

1.47E-05

return

period

dynasty

41

1910

0.34

1.62E-05

return

Trotskyist / Trotskyite. tsarist / Tsarist / czarist.

90 n/a 25

Tudor.

134 127

Turing. Umayyad.

n/a

Ursuline.

convent

nun(s)

16

1800

0.65

8.83E-06

return

n/a

Vaishnava / Vaishnavite.

sect(s)

temple(s)

-27

1860

0.074

6.90E-06

return

n/a

vandalized.

car(s)

house(s)

48

1770

0.14

5.73E-06

return

n/a

venereal

disease(s)

infection(s)

-37

pre-1675

1.8

8.19E-05

return

n/a

Vesalian.

anatomy

Essays

45

1910

n/a

3.49E-07

return

2

Victorian.

era

period

4

1840

0.077

1.30E-03

return

150

Virgilian / Vergilian.

epic(s)

model(s)

-8

pre-1675

0.059

1.19E-05

return

n/a

volcanic.

rock(s)

eruption(s)

-18

1770

0.29

5.72E-04

return

145

von Neumann.

machine(s)

architecture

64

1960

n/a

1.26E-05

return

220

Vygotskyian.

perspective(s)

theory

1700

1980

0.57

5.63E-06

return

71

Wagnerian.

opera(s)

drama

-34

1850

0.18

3.12E-05

return

130

Wahhabi.

movement

sect

9

1870

0.32

1.52E-05

return

156

Walrasian.

equilibri(um/a)

model(s)

53

1930

0.34

1.13E-05

return

63

Weberian.

sense(s)

model(s)

39

1910

0.093

3.61E-05

return

35

Wesleyan.

Methodists

missionar(y/ies)

-19

1790

0.099

7.64E-05

return

125

Wilsonian.

idealism

principle(s)

-25

1920

0.16

1.64E-05

return

170

Wittgensteinian.

philosophy

approach(es)

98

1950

0.072

9.87E-06

return

n/a

Wolffian / wolffian.

duct(s)

system

-41

1840

1.3

4.52E-06

return

159

Wordsworthian.

{be}

sense

-21

1840

0.048

1.05E-05

return

110

Yorkist.

king(s)

cause

-27

1800

0.092

2.03E-05

return

n/a

zany.

{be}

antics

14

1800

0.050

4.69E-05

return

124

Zapatista.

movement

uprising

230

1920

0.38

1.66E-05

return

155

Zeeman.

effect(s)

splitting

-26

1900

0.87

1.15E-05

return

102

Zoroastrian.

religion(s)

priest(s)

17

1750

0.15

2.39E-05

return

Advanced Data: Explanations of each column 1. Person Power Rank: This is the most definitive list of influential legacies of real people whose work has been carried on through the generations. Individuals with questionable historical existence have not been included, with my apologies extending to Homer, Moses and others. Real people whose names have been used for purposes they hadn’t intended have also been excluded: de Sade, Masoch, Magdalene, and others. 94 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

2. Adjectival lexeme: Entries containing multiple words (i.e. component parts of a lexeme) are written in descending order of frequency. Incidentally, despite the title of this document, I prefer the term ‘adjectival eponym’ to ‘eponymous adjective’. In my conception of the word, an eponym is a metaphorical or proprietary use of a proper noun where characteristics or perceptions of the proper noun are displaced onto the eponym. Eponyms are usually nouns (pompadour, Kleenex, Reaganomics) or adjectives (see list above), and more rarely verbs (gerrymander, pasteurize, Google) or adverbs (tawdrily, sadistically, tantalizingly). Therefore ‘adjectival eponym’ seems more precise, but alas, ‘eponymous adjective’ has already taken hold as the signifier for this class of words, so I’ve submitted to convention. 3. Dependency terms 1 & 2: Generally speaking, these are the first and second most used lexemes which the adjective modifies. 4. % change from 1967-1987 to 1988-2008: To chart diachronic frequency changes, the time period under investigation (1988-2008) was divided by the previous 21-year period (1967-1987) to yield the percentage change. Note that a rise of 100% means doubling, while -50% means halving. 5. 1st decade of use: This actually means “decade of first prominent use,” and was determined as follows: Ngram search from 1675 with smoothing of 0. The word must have remained in continuous use from this decade with minimal yearly occurrences of zero. So, while Thomist was somewhat used in the 1760s, the listed decade for this lexeme is 1840s because Thomist completely fell out of use at two separate periods in the interim. Data before 1675 was ignored because it is unreliable for this type of study. English-language printing was too sporadic and undeveloped before then. It was during and after the English Civil War that the industry began to thrive. 6. Genetic health factor: See intro to this section. 7. Normalized 4-corpora average: This is the percentage at which the adjectival lexeme was printed within the study period, and was used to generate the ‘usage factor’ for this project. As a point of orientation, the most common English word, ‘the’, has a 5.2% chance of being a randomly selected word, or 1 out of every 19 words is the. The most frequent word in this study, Christian, has a probability of occurrence of 0.00671%, which means 1 out of 15,000 words is Christian.

1-100 | 101-200 | 201-335 | bonus | KWIC | data | glossary | appendix

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

Glossary The following words have been defined for English language learners. In most cases, a dictionary was not consulted. These definitions are meant to reflect two things: 1) the context in which these words appear in this document and 2) the mind of the author of this document so that author biases may come to light.

word

PoS

meaning

alchemist aesthetics

noun – actor noun – concept

anachronistic

adj.

angel anthropologist

noun – actor noun – actor

apostle

noun – actor

approach

noun – practice

art

noun – concept

astronomer

noun – actor

botanist

noun – actor

caliphate

noun – system

capitalism Capitol Hill cathedral

noun – system noun – place noun – place

Catholicism

noun – practice

celibacy

noun – practice

Christendom

noun – concept

church comedy communism composer concept conception convent covenant deity

noun – place noun – practice noun – system noun – actor noun – concept noun – concept noun – place noun – concept noun – actor

dialectics

noun – practice

dictator diplomat

noun – actor noun – actor

disciple

noun – actor

dissident

noun – actor

doctrine

noun – practice

drama

noun – practice

dynasty economist

noun – system noun – actor

empire

noun – system

(anachronistic) a secretive user of chemistry for dramatic or magical purposes the philosophical inquiry into the reality and judgement of beauty words or titles which aren’t usually used anymore; something not fitting in its time a spirit who lives in heaven but can come to Earth to do God’s will a social scientist who studies human culture and origins a primary follower of Jesus, especially of the original twelve, who committed to spreading Jesus’ teachings a path taken to try to solve a problem; esp. in math and philosophy something made by humans in the attempt to provoke an emotional reaction, esp. a sense of wonder a scientist who studies the motions of the stars and other aspects of outer space a scientist who studies plants the governing system of Arabic Islamic monarchs—caliphs—who controlled large Muslim-majority empires, esp. c. 632-1258. economic system in which money can be traded and invested freely a reference to the Congress of the United States an exceptionally large, expensive, or important church traditional Christian church stemming from the Western Roman Empire with the Pope as the nominal head refraining from sexual intercourse for spiritual or religious reasons the unified culture of the Christian-majority states and territories of esp. medieval Europe a building or institution used to practice Christianity a fictional text designed to make the audience laugh economic system in which goods and labor are distributed among the citizens an artist who writes music key piece of information that, when combined with others, creates an argument a novel idea or view created by a thinker community of religious devotees, usually women, who live and study together a promise or compact given by a divine being to its followers a god, goddess, or other divine being interaction or struggle between competing ideas that ideally leads to a coherent result a leader of a state who has complete power to control policy a government official who coordinates state affairs with other countries a student of Jesus, especially of the original twelve, who heard the message first-hand one who breaks with tradition and advocates a competing message a set of beliefs or practices followed by a group of people, esp. in religion and philosophy a story with serious themes, often fictional, that examines human emotion and relationships continued reign through generations, usually patrilineal a social scientist who studies business and financial systems a territory, often relatively large, that has diverse cultural or political regions which are all subjects under an emperor 96

(Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

word

PoS

meaning

empiricism

noun – system

epic

noun – practice

epistemology

noun – practice

era

noun – concept

ethics

noun – practice

evangelist

noun – actor

evolution

noun – system

faith figure

noun – practice noun – actor

folktale

noun – practice

founder Founding Father friar function Galilean general geometry

noun – actor noun – actor noun – actor noun – practice noun – actor noun – actor noun – system

gathering data that can be measured both qualitatively and quantitatively a great story, often told in a poetic or musical rhythm, about national or historical traditions the study of how people know what they know a length of time characterized by continuous rule of a political system, often dynastic the standards or codes that are agreed upon, implicitly or explicitly, by a group of people one who tries to convert others to their own (usually Christian) belief system; (capitalized) one of the four writers of the Gospels in the Bible, i.e. Matthew, Mark, Luke, John the changing of species over long periods of time due to adaptation to the environment following a belief system without being able to prove its truth empirically in art. the human body, often carefully studied; other. a prominent person a story, usually with multiple versions, that has circulated around a culture for a long time one who establishes a new tradition, school, or system a man who helped establish the laws and customs for the early United States a teacher or scholar who is a member of a Catholic religious order

globalization

noun – system

heresy

noun – concept

hero

noun – actor

idea ideal idealism ideology

noun – concept noun – concept noun – practice noun – system

induction

noun – practice

Islam

noun – practice

Judaism

noun – practice

jurist

noun – actor

khanate

noun – system

kingdom laissez-faire legend

noun – place noun – system noun – concept

liberalism

noun – practice

linguistics literature

noun – system noun – practice

marginalism

noun – system

martyr

noun – actor

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

a resident of Galilee, an ancient city in modern-day Israel a high-ranking military leader mathematics of physical objects; lit. ‘measuring of the earth’ process of facilitating the movement of goods, capital, and people across national borders belief or system that goes against standard practices, esp. with regard to the nature of God a protagonist whose actions are worthy of recalling for their bravery, tragedy, or otherwise exceptional nature a piece of mental information that can be communicated to others a vision of a perfected way of behavior or practice focus on the intangible; not materialism set of values and views on how systems should function gathering and sorting evidence collected over a period of time in order to draw conclusions about likely causes and effects a monotheistic religion whose followers are called Muslims and whose supreme prophet is Muhammad a monotheistic religion whose followers are called Jews and whose supreme prophet is Moses one who studies or practices law; a lawyer the governing system of Mongol or Turkic monarchs—khans—who controlled large pluralistic empires, esp. c. 1206-1857 a state of mostly culturally related peoples governed by a monarch hands-off approach to government regulating economy; “letting go” a story, often partially true, that describes great events in a culture’s past the insistence that people’s individual rights must be respected, often leading to arguments about the balance between freedom to do and freedom from being done to the study of language writings such as novels, poems, or essays meant for public consumption economic theory that describes price increases because of perceived (i.e. marginal) value rather than value of utility one who is killed while defending or refusing to change their religious beliefs

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

word

PoS

meaning

matrix mechanics

noun – practice noun – system

metaphysics

noun – practice

method missionary model monarch monastery

noun – practice noun – actor noun – system noun – actor noun – place

monk

noun – actor

monotheism movement MP

noun – system noun – practice noun – actor

mythology

noun – concept

narrative natural philosopher naturalist notion novel

noun – concept

nun

noun – actor

ontology (religious) order

noun – practice noun – practice

palace

noun – place

pantheon

noun – system

party

noun – system

pastoral

noun – practice

patriarch

noun – actor

patriot pedagogy pejorative period perspective pharaoh phenomenology philosopher

noun – actor noun – system adjective noun – concept noun – concept noun – actor noun – practice noun – actor

psychiatrist

noun – actor

psychoanalyst

noun – actor

physician physicist physiologist

noun – actor noun – actor noun – actor

poet

noun – actor

polymath

noun – actor

preacher

noun – actor

spatial, rectangular arrangement of quantities on which operations are applied a mathematical or otherwise systematic explanation of how a system operates the investigation (usually non-empirical) of what exists and how it exists through time guidelines and procedures that help to accomplish a goal one who travels to foreign lands to convert people to their religion a working set of guidelines to allow the accomplishment of a certain goal the supreme leader of a kingdom or state a place where monks live and work a person, usually a man, who lives a simple, often reclusive life in order to study and be closer to God religious belief in one all-powerful God group of people united in belief about how to change or develop a system Member of Parliament, esp. the lower house of a bicameral system beliefs that are flexible and changeable, but help to create a common culture by teaching morality and thought experiments the framing and organizing of a series of events in a story (anachronistic) a proto-scientist; a thinker whose field includes questions about Truth and is often supported by experimental observation or mathematics a life scientist, esp. with an interest in zoology or botany a thinker’s version of understanding of a phenomenon a fictional story that describes characters’ minds and motivations a person, usually a woman, who lives a simple, often reclusive life in order to study and be closer to God a major branch of metaphysics which explores the meaning of ‘being’ a formally organized group adhering to a specific interpretation of their religion an exceptionally large and extravagant residence for a monarch or other powerful political ruler a polytheistic system of deities a group of ideologically like-minded political actors who support each other in running for office together, and governing as partners literary form, often poetic, that draws lessons from simple country life a founding figure; a man who is credited with starting or leading a major social or political movement or era one who deeply loves their country and is likely to fight to defend it the study and theory of education used to attack or criticize a length of time with notable beginning and concluding events a thinker’s subjective point of view on a topic the supreme leader of ancient Egypt philosophy whose first principles lie in human perception a thinker who uses language to help understand and solve intellectual mysteries a mental health doctor whose practice involves talk therapy or behavior-altering medication a mental health doctor who uses talk therapy to discover patients’ unconscious motivations and problems a medical doctor who treats the human body a scientist who studies motion and interaction among non-living objects a scientist or doctor who focuses on systems of the body and how they function a writer of poems; a person whose writing flows in an artistic or rhythmical manner and is often emotional someone who does many things very well; a thinker, actor, or experimenter who is proficient at many things a religious leader whose main job is public speaking and education on religious affairs 98

(Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

noun – actor noun – actor noun – concept noun – practice

word

PoS

priest

noun – actor

principle process prophet

noun – concept noun – system noun – actor

Protestantism

noun – practice

psychologist

noun – actor

purgatory

noun – concept

qualitative quantitative

noun – concept noun – concept

rebel

noun – actor

regime

noun – system

religion

noun – practice

Renaissance

noun – concept

revolutionary

noun – actor

ritual rule

noun – practice noun – system

science

noun – practice

secular

adjective

Semitic

adjective

senator

noun – actor

sense

noun – concept

shah

noun – actor

shogunate

noun – system

sonnet statesman statistician style

noun – practice noun – actor noun – actor noun – concept

sultanate

noun – system

task temperament temple terms text Titan theologian

noun – practice noun – emotion noun – place noun – concept noun – concept noun – actor noun – actor

theater / theatre

noun – place

theory thought times

noun – concept noun – concept noun – concept

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

meaning a religious leader who has authority to perform specific duties such as communication with the divine a fundamental piece of knowledge upon which systems can be built a step-by-step approach taken to achieve a goal one who has heard God’s voice and spreads the message to other people branch of Christianity following the traditions of Luther, Calvin, et al. who broke from the Catholic Church in the Reformation of the 1500s a doctor who helps to understand and solve people’s emotional motivations waiting place after death but before heaven where souls must purge themselves of sin measuring data for its physical or mental properties measuring data numerically, especially with statistics and other maths a fighter against the status quo, esp. against a perceived illegitimate government (often pejorative) a governing system with a perceived lack of freedom an organized set of spiritual practices which require faith and are usually practiced by communities via tradition or ritual period in Western Europe when classical Greek and Roman arts, science, and philosophy experienced a re-birth, thus inducing radical news ideas a political figure who tries to end the current government and replace it with an ideologically different one a pre-defined set of steps to be done periodically for religious purposes period of reign, or control, over a people or place a discipline that attempts to expand human knowledge of nature, often by employing technology, using methods which can be reproduced and challenged by other scientists not connected with religion of the language and culture of peoples historically connected to the Levant; roughly synonymous with the ethnicity Jewish a member of the upper, or more powerful, chamber of lawmakers of a government the point of view or interpretation of a person or school of thought the monarch of an Iranian/Persian-influenced empire spanning a great many years, areas and cultures, c. 550 BC – 1979 AD the governing system of the military rulers—the shoguns—who controlled feudal Japan, esp. c. 1185-1867 a 14-line poem, originally Italian, with rules about rhyme and rhythm a respected person who represents their country or nation a mathematician specializing in analyzing and presenting numerical data a mathematician specializing in analyzing and presenting numerical data the governing system of Turkic Islamic monarchs—sultans—who controlled large Muslim-majority empires, esp. c. 632-1258 a job or assignment, often difficult one’s ability to remain calm and collected a religious place of worship, esp. in Hinduism and Buddhism phrase or vocabulary used by a thinker in a particular way a body of language, written or spoken, that can be examined early gods of Mount Olympus a philosopher whose work is centered around religious teachings a platform, usually including a stage and a live audience, where artistic actors and actresses perform, esp. a tragedy, comedy, or opera well-developed intellectual structure that has predictive and descriptive power a thinker’s system of beliefs that form a coherent argument an epoch or length of years defined by a unifying characteristic

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

word

PoS

meaning

tradition tragedy view

noun – system noun – practice noun – system

Wall Street

noun – place

Whitehall White House

noun – place noun – place

a system of beliefs that have been passed down through generations a literary genre full of sadness which is meant to instruct the audience position from which a thinker analyzes a phenomenon a reference to the financial industries of the U.S., esp. the stock market and large banks a reference to the functions of the central government of the U.K. a reference to the executive branch (the presidency) of the U.S.

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100 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

How the list was created These words had not previously been compiled into a corpus-based frequency list. Each eponymous adjective was identified and then searched for frequency on four corpora, yielding a mean frequency which was converted to a ‘usage factor’. Discovering all the eponyms involved Wikipedia, BYU’s COCA (e.g. search term /*an/), Google searches, browsing others’ lists, and a lot of extensive reading. See sources. Table 3. Summary of corpora whose frequency data were used to compile list corpus

dates

words

% usage

used

(mn)

factor

1988-

Ngram Viewer (NgV)

2008 c. 2014?-

iWeb

2018

Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), minus spoken

19902009

British National Corpus

c. 1983-

(BNC), minus spoken

c. 1994

biased towards4

biased against

psychology,

224,000

32%

math, philosophy

14,000

25%

math, religion

philosophy, art

320

23%

miscellaneous,

math, dynastic

psychology

history

90

20%

dynastic history, politics/econ.

politics/econ.

religion, math

Percentages of representation of usage factor were assigned heuristically and were largely correlated with corpus size. Although NgV has various drawbacks and is not a favored tool of many professional corpus linguists, it was deemed the most valuable instrument for the purposes of this project and so was allocated the largest share of the usage factor (just under one-third). It is true, for example, that NgV’s lack of transparency with KWIC data was disconcerting, but top ten dependency data (see below) was repeatedly found to align with the professionally organized and vetted COCA and BNC. On the other hand, BNC was given least representation firstly because of its limited size and secondly because of its old age. The ‘Planck length’ of BNC is a normalized frequency of 1.1x10-6 because that is the figure for a single hit on the corpus. That means the lowest ranked entry on the list, Chekhovian, with a frequency of 4.5x10-6 , can expect only 4 or 5 hits from BNC (in fact it is 3). Thus, BNC cannot be trusted to be sensitive enough to detect words around and under this frequency. Conversely, certain words (like Minoan with 290 hits) can become unjustifiably overrepresented because of sampling bias. Because of the sheer size of NgV and iWeb, it much less likely for them to have either such oversights or overrepresentations; therefore, they were given more weight. Following are examples of how NgV was used to gather information on eponymous adjectives. The other corpora were also consulted in detail, but are not as visually appealing so I’ll let NgV do the storytelling from here:

4

Biases were calculated from proportion of representation of 4-corpora normalized average. For example, among

math entries, the mean proportion made up by COCA and BNC was 11.0% and 22.0%, respectively, where 25% would be parity. This means BNC is only slightly biased against math, but in comparison to, say, BNC’s 40.5% contribution to the dynastic history pie, math is lagging behind. nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

fig. 1

Ngram Viewer shows word frequencies from a Google Books corpus, which, at over 20 million texts (Finke and McClure 2015), is “one out of every six books published since Gutenberg invented the printing press” (Orwant 2015). This includes nonfiction, fiction, text books, scientific journals, graduate theses, popular magazines and more. It does not include newspapers or audio-visual media. Figure 1 shows trends of 4 high-ranking adjectives over a 42-year period. NgV is popularly used diachronically, demonstrating changes in use over time, but the focus of this study is mostly synchronic, studying the mean usage between 1988 and 2008. fig. 2

The most recently available 21-year period, representing the educational atmosphere of Millennials and young Generation Xers, was analyzed. Fig. 2 shows differences in capitalization and parts of speech. The adjective martial is the dominant form of this homonym, while the adjective Martial is not used enough (>20%) to be included. Noun forms were ignored.

102 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

fig. 3

Both Virgil (alternately spelled Vergil) and Ovid were famous poets in Augustan Rome. Since Vergil is a common given name, data on names isn’t reliable for this study. Name-derived adjectives, however, provide clearer meaning. fig. 4

The operator *=> displays top 10 dependency terms, here meaning nouns described by the adjective, plus the be-verb. The collocation data in fig. 4 demonstrate that Platonic and platonic are different lexemes, each used for separate areas of discourse. Additionally, both show a tight distribution of dependency frequency, an indication of high ‘genetic diversity’, a metric of how flexibly the adjective may be employed.

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

fig. 5

The distribution of nouns modified by plutonic shows that the adjective is largely synonymous with a type of rock. This widely dispersed distribution contributes to plutonic having a low genetic diversity. In principle, words with worse genetic diversity than plutonic (i.e. >1.05) were classified as noun adjuncts (a.k.a. attributive nouns, or one-half of a compound noun) and are not included on the official list.

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104 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Mission Statement This is a pedagogical document. It can fill your mind full of ideas that have never touched your gray matter before. Can you honestly say that you knew about all of the entries within your category of training? If so, how far out can you branch into other fields? Go ahead, enlighten youself. In the days of the Alexandrian library, scholars would have given a castle for access to so much knowledge. This Eponymous Adjective Word List may also serve as a reference for conventional American spelling and pronunciation as well as biographical information. More broadly, this list shows ideas that English language authors and publishers believe are the most significant to write about. So even if you aren’t directly concerned with the content of some categories, you can now quickly do a sociological assessment of what English-lanuage researchers are talking to each other about. Alas! As a document to characterize the biggest ideas of global intellectual culture? It is incomplete. Table 4 shows a bias towards more recent history and a lack of representation from 399 BC to 1659 AD, with the Golden Ages of South Asia and the Islamic World particularly underrepresented. The ancient world is dominated by Greco-Roman influences while the modern world is heavily populated by an Anlgo-Germanic tradition. This is a treasure map pointing us towards the gaps, ready for exploration, calling to us, “Look! Dig here! There’s so much you haven’t noticed!” Table 4. Distribution of Usage Factor by entries by era # UF UF / rank era title era dates5 entries sum entry pre-750 9 Ancient History 29 653 22.5 B.C. 749 B.C.2 Axial Age 26 685 26.3 400 B.C. Classical 399 B.C.7 55 1020 18.5 Antiquity 325 A.D. Golden Ages of 10 South Asia and 325-1258 38 203 5.34 the Islamic World High and Late 8 1259-1453 12 50.6 4.22 Middle Ages European 6 1454-1659 30 170 5.67 Renaissance Age of 4 1660-1789 14 71.4 5.10 Enlightenment

UF / entry / year 0.0150 0.0753 0.0254 0.0059 0.0183 0.0283 0.0425

3

Romantic period

1790-1859

36

164

4.56

0.0651

1

Near-Modern

1860-1945

53

445

8.40

0.0933

5

Modern

1946present day

42

109

2.60

0.0371

top 3 geolinguistic groups Greek (20), Jewish (3), Levantine (3) Greek (14), Roman (6), Iranian (2) Greek (17), Roman (16), Jewish (13) Arabic (7), British (5), Frankish/Francophone (5) Italian (3), Br English (2), Francophone (2) Br English (7), Italian (7), Franco& Germanophone (4) Br English (9), Germanophone (3), Francophone & Swedish (1) Francophone (10), Br English (9), Germanophone (7) Germanophone (17), Br English (10), Russian (6) Br English (9), Germanophone (9), US English (8)

This is an opening salvo of a movement towards globally relevant and accessible knowledge. It is a call to action to assemble a superlist composed of the most frequently mentioned ideas across many languages. As 62% of this list is made up of people (mostly men) from the British isles, Germany, France, or ancient Greece and Rome, it is likely that a list produced in the languages of those cultures would be similar. But if the list were augmented by Chinese, Hindi, Arabic, Swahili, Spanish, Turkish, or other languages whose speakers are under-represented, we could

5

By year of death or period of flourishing. Kant died in 1804, so Kantian is part of the Romantic period. nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS

(Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY

work towards a single database that would quickly provide access to the figures and ideas that most inspire the civilizations of the world. I want to know more about Indian, Chinese, Southeast Asian, African history, but I have no guide. I could read Wikipedia’s entries, search YouTube, or, of course, buy a book. Yet those methods would provide little information about what the general scholarship is talking about; I want to know the ideas that informed the education of my colleagues from the subcontinent. Certainly, I could ask them directly, it is true. And I have done with my veterinarian friends and students. So they speak of their interests, but not of the intellectual pursuits of other South Asians who, say, studied the humanities. I want all information together, side-by-side, organized by a fair and normalized metric. Then we might each better judge the big events of our own cultural heritage in the global scope of things. We would finally have a Rosetta Stone to calibrate and translate the ideas of intellectual history. Is Augustus Caesar more significant than Qin Shi Huang Di in the eyes of global academics, as scholarship in West would have you believe? My life has been enriched by studying the ideas emanating from this list. Prior to undertaking this study, I was familiar with perhaps half of the entries. Now I know a fair deal about all of them, which has greatly expanded my web of knowledge into a variety of academic fields. Are we modern humans truly at a moment where we are speaking to each other across all divides? As researchers speak of multidisciplinarity, are divisions between math, science, psychology, philosophy actually breaking down and integrating? Are we citizens of country A attempting to better understand the people of countries B-Z? The world’s carrying capacity is seriously being tested. We must understand that we are all on the same team. We must come to understand each other’s intellectual cultures, and eponymous adjectives (or a viable correlary—Japanese language doesn’t quite allow for eponymous adjectives, but it still has epoyms) are a useful starting point for creating a universally relevant study guide that might be called: The Great Ideas of Global Intellectual Culture.

Will you join me? If you are fluent in a language other than English that has sizeable corpus resources, will you contribute to this project? I will advise, guide, encourage, or provide whatever I can to create a global table of contents so we can advance the course of worldwide knowledge. Sincerely, Michael Henshaw Specially Appointed Lecturer of English as a Foreign Language Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University [email protected] YouTube: Taoist Bacon

106 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Sources, References, Contextual Endnotes Lists / Commentaries on Eponyms 1. Alpha Dictionary.com, entry: eponyms. link. approx. 400-word list of eponyms including definition. Mostly lower-case, colloquial. Several simple definitions have been imitated for adjectives such as tawdry, titanic 2. Artfully Eponymous Adjectives by hernesheir on Wordnik.com. (252 words) link 3. Beolens et al. (2011) The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. JHU Press, p. xi. “Vernacular names of animals often contain a person’s name (such names are called “eponyms”).” The writing is ambiguous: does ‘such names’ refer to ‘vernacular names’ or ‘a person’s name’? I interpret them to mean ‘vernacular names of animals that contain a person’s name’, which is roughly aligned with the working definition of this project. However, Merriam-Webster Online (accessed May 10, 2018) defines eponym in the opposite way: “one for whom or which something is or is believed to be named: ‘Joseph Banks was surely the eponym of eponyms. From Alaska to Indonesia, from Tierra del Fuego to Tasmania, there are capes, islands, straits, mountains, bays, points, channels, peninsulas, counties and towns named after him.’ —Pat Rogers, Times Literary Supplement, 3–9 June 1988” 4. Bragina, N. & Lubensky, S. (2002) Eponyms as Cultural Key Words and Their Lexicographic

Description in English and Russian. Bilingual Lexicography: Euralex 2002 Proceedings 5. Can you pick the eponymous adjectives given their definitions? (2012) by Guide on Sporcle.com. link. Covers wide-ranging frequencies: high Platonic, Keynesian, to low McCarthyist, which is not the dominant variant on EAWL. This is one reason why a systematic approach is needed. 6. Chew, J. (2010) Kafkaesque - and the next chapter could be gripping: A battle rages over the master

writer's long-hidden unpublished papers which could be hiding another 'The Trial' or 'The Castle' Top Stories: The Business Times Singapore, July 24, 2010. “Neither these papers nor groundbreaking literary works such as The Metamorphosis and The Castle would have seen the light of day if Kafka's will that his works 'should be burned unread and without remnant' after his death had been complied with. And if Brod hadn't published the likes of The Trial posthumously, the world would have been bereft of the tale of Joseph K - who raged (futilely, of course) against unknown bureaucratic charges that gave us the author's eponymous adjective, thus sealing his immortality in the literary pantheon.” Evidence of the perception that having one’s own adjective is important: this author says it seals immortality. 7. Collins Dictionary (accessed 2018.10) entry: eponym (in British) 1. a name, esp a place name, derived from the name of a real or mythical person, as for example Constantinople from Constantine I; 2. the name of the person from which such a name is derived: ‘in the Middle

Ages, "Brutus" was thought to be the eponym of "Britain."’ entry: eponym (in American) 1. a real or mythical person from whose name the name of a nation, institution, etc. is derived

‘William Penn is the eponym of Pennsylvania.’ 2. a person whose name has become identified with some period, movement, theory, etc. link. Here the dispute about the meaning of eponym is described well. This project follows Br E definition 1 and Am E definition 2. nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

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8. Duque-Parra et al. (2006) Reflections on Eponyms in Neuroscience Terminology. The Anatomical Record 289B 9. eponym / eponymous, forum on WordWizard. link 10. Garavaso et al. (1982) Review: Columbia Dictionary of Modern European Literature. Comparative Literature 97(5), pp. 1186-1205. Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: 10.2307/2905984 “Name-dropping by any other name is sweeter…. Schools of thought, power groups, and mutual desire nevertheless choose to be called by eponyms—Marxists, Christians, Freudians, Nietzcheans [sic]—and critics continue to rely on eponymous adjectives for stylistic shorthand: Barbussean, Chaplinesque, Brechtian, Balzacian, Bernanosian, Lorcan, Proustian and quasi-Proustian, Kafkaesque, Kafkian, Joycean, Montherlantian, Pirandellian, and Maeterlinckian are a few forms in the new dictionary. (We need a dictionary to tell us what some of these words mean.)” Here the authors were being coy about the problematic use of proper nouns in place of an alternative, clearer explanation. They subsequently lamented how difficult it was (in 1982) to gather reliable information on a person after learning only a portion of their name. In today’s Internet age we have an inverted problem—there is an abundance of information, but it is often poorly organized. The EAWL attempts to clearly define heady academic words without being pretentious while giving instructors the ability, via the Word version, to organize the content to specifically fit their needs. 11. Gooden, P. (2006) Name Dropping: A No-Nonsense Guide to the Use of Names in Everyday

Language. Bloomsbury. Rather large collection of eponyms, but not systematic. It includes extremely low frequency words such as Rachmanite, Reithian, Rembrandtesque, Profumo-like, Poirot-esque, and Attleean, several of which don’t occur in the four corpora. Most sample sentences come from UK newspapers such as the Guardian, Daily Telegraph, and Observer. It seems more geared towards art and politics, and light on math and science. Comical “Pretentiousness Index” factor is given for each entry, but there is no indication it is empirically founded. 12. Hannan, M. (2012) Harvey Wallbangers and Tam O'Shanters: A Book of Eponyms "I will not differentiate, as some grammarians do, between so called 'true' and 'pseudo' eponyms. The former is usually seen as a word in which the original 'name' has been replaced by an understanding that has a life of its own - 'boycott' or 'hooliganism', for example. 'Psuedoeponyms' are usually taken to be names applied to objects or ideas, such as Reaganomics or Thatcherism, or to scientific and medical terms such as Parkinson's Disease. These eponyms are just as deserving of consideration as the 'true' eponym, and the main difference appears to be whether lexicologists give an eponym an initial letter that is upper or lower case - a form of snobbery..." Sure, the author is being cheeky, but there are several problems here. The easiest to point out is that capitalization is not correlated to obscure, pedantic references. More importantly in terms of showing the lack of discipline, the first entry of the book is Alexandrine, but it doesn’t mention Alexandrian, despite the latter being 9 times more frequent on NgV. Granted, the EAWL considers Alexandrian a toponym, but Hannan implies the goal of the book is to be inclusive. 13. “List of eponymous adjectives in English.” (accessed 2015.08-2018.10) Wikipedia link. This list was the basis for roughly the first 150 entries. Wikipedia is a wonderful way to begin and stimulate an investigation! 108 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

14. O'Connell, M. (2013) review of Chocks away for a flight of fancy. The Observer (England): Observer Review Books, May 26, 2013. “It's probably about time we agreed to give Colum McCann his own eponymous adjective. It would make sense, at any rate, to refer to a particular kind of audacious fictional gesture as "McCannian". In his last book, the hugely successful Let the Great World Spin, a cluster of fictions were tied together by the sublime spectacle of Philippe Petit's 1974 tightrope walk between the towers of the World Trade Centre. TransAtlantic opens in similarly McCannian fashion, with another airborne overture of grand historical significance. The recklessly affirmative act with which this book begins is the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic, from Newfoundland to Galway, by British pilots Alcock and Brown in 1919. It's the sort of expertly constructed set-piece McCann is particularly good at, and his imagistically lucid prose nicely captures the excitement of the moment.” The quote demonstrates how complimentary the reviewer believes it is to have an eponymous adjective. 15. Opriţ- Maftei, C. (2009) Eponyms in the Financial Vocabulary. Translational Studies: Proceedings of the 5th Conference 16. Nunberg, G. (2009) Going Nucular: Language, Politics, and Culture in Confrontational Times. Public Affairs. “On George Orwell's centenary – he was born on June, 1903 – the most telling sign of his influence is the words he left us with: not just thought police, doublethink, and

unperson, but also Orwellian itself, the most widely used adjective derived from the name of a modern writer. In the press and on the Internet, it’s more common than Kafkaesque,

Hemingwayesque, and Dickensian put together. It even noses out the rival political reproach Machiavellian, which had a 500-year head start. Eponyms are always the narrowest sort of tribute, though. Orwellian doesn’t have anything to do with Orwell as a socialist thinker, or for that matter, as a human being. People are always talking about Orwell’s decency, but “Orwellian decency” would be an odd phrase indeed. And Orwellian commemorates Orwell the writer only for three of his best known works” the novels Animal Farm and 1984 and the essay “Politics and the English Language.” The adjective reduces Orwell’s palette to a single shade of noir. It brings to mind only sordid regimes of surveillance and thought control and the distortions of language that make them possible.” I followed the author’s endnotes yet did not find a reference for his claim about the frequency for Orwellian. Furthermore, he mischaracterizes eponyms in saying they are a narrow tribute; his opinion may be reflected in the narrowest sort of selection process he made in his examples. 17. Segura, J. & Rodriguez Braun, C. (ed.) (2004) An Eponymous Dictionary of Economics: A Guide to

Laws and Theorems Named after Economists 18. The Sociology of Science (1 of 3) (2017) SisyphusRedeemed on YouTube: link “Merton says the basic currency in science is not money, but recognition.” Eponyms are a major way to give recognition. 19. Todea, L. (2013) Eponyms and the language of technology. Proceedings of ICONN 2 20. Trahair, R. C. S. (1994) From Aristotelian to Reaganomics: A Dictionary of Eponyms with

Biographies in the Social Sciences. Greenwood Press, Greenwood Publishing Group. 21. “Who Named It? A Dictionary of Medical Eponyms” (accessed 2017) link 22. “A word for the person after whom someone or something is named” on English Language & Usage: nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

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StackExchange (accessed 2016) link Problems with Eponyms 23. Clark, M. (ed.) (2000) Revenge of the Aesthetic: The Place of Literature in Theory Today. University of California Press, p. 1. “Post-structuralism emerged from a Hegelian-Heideggerian tradition that was quite distinct from (and almost incomprehensible within) the Kantian lineage of most Anglo-American criticism at the time.” This intriguingly titled book challenges the reader with three eponymous adjectives on page 1. Do authors and professors expect their students to have a firm philosophical background spanning two centuries of debate before they can begin a book? I remember as an undergrad getting my copy of Wretched of the Earth by Franz Fanon and being quite excited. Here was an intellectual who had been repeatedly prasised by my professors, and it was my chance to really understand their point of view. But in trying to read the introduction by Sartre I was lost before I finished page 2. I went back to the book several times, but, as happens with young people, I gave up before I even got into Fanon’s own words. I felt so stupid and intimidated. I suppose I still haven’t forgiven Sartre. One goal of this project is to demystify these huge adjectives that can pop up even in the introductory pages. 24. de Acosta, S. & Alberto, J. (2014) La formacion de los adjetivos deonomasticos de persona o

antroponicios. University of Puerto Rico. The authors highlight the difficulty in naming, in Spanish, the class of words called eponymous adjectives on this document and propose a novel term. I’m sympathetic. I prefer to call these words adjectival eponyms, but I don’t suspect that will catch on. 25. Fitzsimons, T. Orwell's final chapter. from unknown source on Lexis Nexis: Features; Arts, p. 2. (retrieved 2016) “GEORGE ORWELL still has serious currency. His satirical novels Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm are assigned texts in English classrooms everywhere. His every diary jotting is being reproduced online in a project by British academics. And his eponymous adjective, Orwellian, is (a little too) admired by lovers of freedom around the world.” This author is calling for the judicious use of eponymous adjectives. 26. Narayan, J. (2009) Current use of medical eponyms – a need for global uniformity in scientific

publications. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 27. Macintyre, B. (2011) The Last Word: Tales from the Tip of the Mother Tongue. chap: “An author in search of an adjective.” Bloomsbury. “Few writers earn the distinction of morphing into an adjective, and Pinter is the only modern playwright to have done so during his own lifetime”… “Political names that evolve into adjectives almost invariably end in ‘-ite’: Blairite, Thatcherite, Reaganite… Eponymous political adjectives imply a specific set of beliefs, a degree of partisanship, but on very rare occasions a politician rises above politics in the public mind, and is accorded a grander ending to his adjective. I can think of only two examples of this in modern times: Kennedyesque and Churchillian.” This is another example of a writer boldly professing their knowledge of eponymous adjectives without having a strong basis in evidence. It’s interesting that this author reads that much into the {-ite} ending, and misses so many of 110 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

the 20th century political figures on the EAWL: Stalinist, Leninist, Maoist, Gaulist, Francoist, Peronist, Kemalist, Zapatistia, Hitlerian, Wilsonian, Gandhian. In fact there is only one {-ite}-dominant lexeme on the list other than those mentioned: McCarthyite. The suffix {-ite} occurs 11(3.3%) times on the EAWL, and while indeed 5 are political, 3 are religious, and then philosophy, dynastic history, and arts each have one, so politics certainly has no monopoly on this suffix. Basically, suffixes aren’t correlated with any categories. The exceptions are {-ine} where 5 of 7 (71%) were religious and {-ist} where 13 of 18 (72%) were political. The author missed the main political suffix! 28. Monty Python’s Flying Circus (1969) Literary Football Discussion. Season 1, Episode 11. text: link. [interviewer] “[W]e witnessed the resuscitation of a great footballing tradition, when Jarrow United came of age, in a European sense, with an almost Proustian display of modern existentialist football, virtually annihilating by midfield moral argument the now surely obsolescent catenaccio defensive philosophy of Signor Alberto Fanffino. Bologna indeed were a side intellectually out-argued by a Jarrow team thrusting and bursting with aggressive Kantian positivism…” [Buzzard, footballer] “I hit the ball first time and there it was in the back of the net.” Monty Python were great at mocking intellectual stuffiness. 29. Seok, B. (2017) interview aired June 15, 2017 about Moral Psychology of Confucian Shame: Shame

of Shamelessness, Rowman and Littlefield 2017. New Books Network: Philosophy podcast. Dr. Seok explains how the Western word Confucian is misleading and isn’t used in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam (they use the word ru, or perhaps ruism; Japanese uses jukyou). East Asian cultures are more likely to attribute this system to a group of thinkers, or a tradition of thinkers, rather than just the one. This is similar to the problem of misattribution in the medical eponym debate. 30. “Should Eponyms be abandoned?” (2007) Head to Head: BMJ 335. Yes: Woywodt, A. & Matteson, E.;

No: Whitworth, J. Very interesting debate about the value of eponyms, many of which are not included in the parameters of this study. 31. Stigler, S. M. (2002) “Stigler’s Law of Eponymy,” title of Chapter 14 from Statistics on the Table: The

History of Statistical Concepts and Methods. Harvard UP, p. 277. “No reader of Robert K. Merton's work on the reward system of science could fail to be struck by his insightful and engaging discussions of the role of eponymy in the social structure of science. The uninitiated should read (and reread) his 1957 address, “Priorities in Scientific Discovery,” but for present purposes I must at least repeat his definition of eponymy, as “the practice of affixing the name of the scientist to all or part of what he has found, as with the Copernican system, Hooke’s law, Planck’s constant, or Halley’s comet.” Merton went on to discuss three levels of a hierarchic order of eponymous practice: at the top there are a few men for whom an entire epoch is named, then comes a larger number of scientists designated as “father” of a particular science, and, finally, “thousands of eponymous laws, theories, theorems, hypotheses, instruments, constants, and distributions” (Merton, 1973, pp. 298-299)”… “For ‘Stigler’s Law of Eponymy’ in its simplest form is this: ‘No scientific discovery is named after

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its original discoverer.’” Generations earlier was said this: “Everything of importance has been said before by somebody who did not discover it” - Alfred North Whitehead Corpora and Corpus Linguistics 32. Boholm, M. (2016) The use and meaning of nano in American English: Towards a systematic description. Ampersand 3: Elsevier. Explains methods of using COCA to create a wordlist and examine word-formation. 33. BNC: British National Corpus (1994) (accessed 2016.09-2018.10) University of Oxford. web interface BYU: Provo link 34. Davies, M. & Gardner D. (2013) The Academic Vocabulary List. BYU: Provo link. In the early stages of the project, I had matched each entry with an AVL adjective of similar frequency in order to calibrate it, to see how common the eponym is used. It was an interesting, but ultimately abandoned path. 35. Davies, M. & Gardner D. (2010-) COCA: Corpus of Contemporary American English. (accessed 2016.09-2018.10) BYU: Provo link 36. Davies, M. (2018-) iWeb: The 14 Billion Word Web Corpus (accessed 2018.05-2018.10) BYU: Provo link 37. Durrant, P. (2009) Investigating the viability of a collocation list for students of English for

academic purposes. English for Specific Purposes 28 157-169: Elsevier. 38. Durrant, P. (2016) To what extent is the Academic Vocabulary List relevant to university student

writing? English for Specific Purposes 43 49-61: Elsevier. 39. Finke, R. & McClure, J. M. (2015) Reviewing Millions of Books: Charting Cultural and Religious

Trends with Google’s Ngram Viewer. Association for the Study of Religion, Economics, and Culture, Boston, MA, March 21, 2015. “Prior to 1800, Michel and his colleagues (2011a) note that the number of books is too small to reliably quantify and after 2000 the method for collecting books moves beyond libraries, with publishers now submitting books for inclusion.” link This partially explains the abundance of Routledge, Springer, and Manchester U publishers. 40. Friginal et al. (2014) Exploring mega-corpora: Google Ngram Viewer and the Corpus of Historical

American English. EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages 1(1). 41. Garside et al. (eds.) The Computational Analysis of English: A Corpus-Based Approach (1987) University of Lancaster and University of Leeds. Reviewed by Lesk, M. London: Longman, xii+ 196 pp. This is an early publication about the capabilities of PoS tagging. 42. “Google’s Ngram Viewer Goes Wild,” The Atlantic, Oct 17, 2013 link “I expect that one salutary effect of the new wildcard searches will be to encourage more nuanced searching, instead of simply running the numbers on individual words and phrases devoid of context. Some of the scholarly work in the burgeoning field of "culturomics" has relied on Ngram data without bothering to dig much deeper than relative frequencies of single words. For instance, an article appearing earlier this year in the journal Psychological Science purported to demonstrate that "individualistic and materialistic values" are on the rise simply by looking at the changing fortunes of word pairs like give vs. get. While get has become more frequent relative to give, does that mean we're becoming more selfish? As Mark Liberman suggested 112 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

on Language Log, the rise in get usage could be due to phrasal patterns that have nothing to do with acquiring material possessions, since get can be used with adjectives (get sick) or passive verbs (get acquainted). And sure enough, with wildcard searching we can quickly see increases in "get + adjective" (like get better, get ready, and get drunk) and "get + verb" (like get married, get involved, and get started).” 43. Gries, S. (c. 2009) Useful statistics for corpus linguistics. UC Santa Barbara. I couldn’t understand the majority of this, but it gave me some discipline. 44. “How accurate is the part-of-speech tagging?” (accessed 2015.09) from About Ngram Viewer. “The part-of-speech tags and dependency relations are predicted automatically. Assessing the accuracy of these predictions is difficult, but for modern English we expect the accuracy of the part-of-speech tags to be around 95% and the accuracy of dependency relations around 85%. On older English text and for other languages the accuracies are lower, but likely above 90% for part-of-speech tags and above 75% for dependencies. This implies a significant number of errors, which should be taken into account when drawing conclusions.” Automatic PoS taggers have extra trouble with eponymous adjectives and capitalized words in general. Surprisingly, NgV’s PoS info was demonstrably more accurate than COCA’s or BNC’s in most cases. An exception was with {-ed} and {-ing} suffixes, which NgV seemed to seriously overrepresent as verbs or nouns. 45. Michel et al. (2011) Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books. Science. Original Google Books Ngram Viewer paper 46. Miller, D. & Biber D. (2015) Evaluating reliability in quantitative vocabulary studies: The influence of corpus design and composition. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 20:1. John Benjamins Publishing. Google Books generally doesn’t conform to standards set by other corpora. One might hypothesize, therefore, that data produced from NgV wouldn’t be reliable compared with COCA and BNC. However, at least for this study, NgV holds up well. All the same, we must be very cautious while drawing conclusions about frequencies across academic fields. NgV and iWeb both have much higher religious and mathematical representation than either COCA or BNC. Intra-category analyses are more reliable. 47. Orwant, J. (2015) on Quora.com: “At last count Google had scanned one out of every six books published since Gutenberg invented the printing press.” link 48. “The Pitfalls of Using Google Ngram to Study Language.” Wired, Oct 12, 2015 link. “Overabundance of Scientific Literature: The corpus gets skewed in less visible ways, and these are more insidious. Google Book’s English language corpus is a mishmash of fiction, nonfiction, reports, proceedings, and, as Dodds’ paper seems to show, a whole lot of scientific literature. “It’s just too globbed together,” he says. His study tracks the frequency of words common in academia, such as the capitalized “Figure,” likely to appear in the caption of a paper, versus the lowercase “figure,” which has many more common uses. But the tricky part here is more subtle. If scientific publications are taking up more and more of the corpus, certain non-scientific terms may appear to fall in relative popularity. For example, are writers less interested in writing about “autumn” or are there just simply more scientific papers totally unrelated to “autumn” crowding the corpus?” Indeed, the highly academic nature of NgV is a drawback for certain types of research. But the EAWL is scientific and bookish in its register— other communities don’t bandy about words like these. Therefore, the Google Books corpus is nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

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complimentary to finding instances of the majority of words on the EAWL. On the other hand, it is true that NgV underrepresents familiar, colloquial words. Among the top 25 most underrepresented adjectives are, in descending order of frequency: diesel, Tudor, Bahai/Baha’I, ritzy, thespian, bowdlerized/bowdlerised, Ruthian, jumbo, vandalized, robotic, titanic, zany, cretinous, {pasteurized}. 49. Watson Todd, R. (2017) An opaque engineering word list: Which words should a teacher focus on? English for Specific Purposes 45: Elsevier. 50. Xiao, R. (2013) “Making statistic claims” by PowerPoint presentation. Corpus Linguistics: Lancaster University Other Linguistic Methodologies 51. Bobaljik, J. (2013) interview aired May 6, 2013 about Universals of Comparative Morphology:

Suppletion, Superlatives, and the Structure of Words, MIT Press 2012. New Books Network: Linguistics podcast. link 52. Loewen, S. & Plonsky, L. (2015) An A–Z of Applied Linguistics Research Methods. Palgrave Macmillan, p. 180. “Standard deviations should always be reported along with mean scores when reporting descriptive results: (a) so that readers can interpret the data for themselves, and (b) because they are necessary for synthetic analyses such as meta-analysis.” 53. Handke, J. (2012) MOR101 - The Analysis of Words by The Virtual Linguistics Campus link. Show boundaries/divisions of morphs with hashtags | # |; show free morphs (those which can stand on their own) with braces | {} |; show bound morphs with braces plus hyphen | {-ian}, {pre-} |. 54. Risi, Stephan. “Google Ngrams: From Relative Frequencies to Absolute Counts”. link (accessed 2017) On Dictionaries and Reference Works 55. American Heritage Dictionary (accessed 2015.09) entry: anxious. usage note: “After a four-hour bus

ride, the children were anxious to get outside (acceptable to 69 percent of the Panel in 1999 and 78 percent in 2014). Although resistance to the use of anxious to mean eager is waning, writers should be aware that there are still those who frown upon using the word in situations where no anxiety is present.” Based on this and other reference guides, I used 20% of proportion of lexeme as a cut off for variant spellings to be included. 56. Bayetto, A. et al. (2010) Oxford Wordlist. Oxford University Press. link 57. Fronk, A. K. (2014) Determining Dictionary and Usage Guide Agreement with Real-World Usage: A

Diachronic Corpus Study of American English Corpus Research, p 11. Provo: Brigham Young University. link 58. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. (accessed 2015.09-2018.10) link 59. Newman, A. (2006) Wordsmiths: They Also Serve Who Only Vote on ‘Ain’t’. The New York Times. link. ‘A usage panel “is not an idea we have thought of pursuing,” said Stephen Perrault, the Merriam-Webster lexicographer with the enviable title of director of defining. He and 114 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

Merriam-Webster’s other gatekeepers — like those at other dictionary publishers, including American Heritage — gauge shifts in definition and usage by aggregating recently published (and broadcast) material in a database called a corpus. “We’re focusing more on what they do as writers than what they may say about the use of a particular word,” Mr. Perrault said of the panelists, whose writing often pops up in his database. He is inclined to report word fights, but not to have a dog in them. “We want to acknowledge that there are people who will think less of you if you use ‘impact’ in a certain way, but probably most people would perceive the way we do it as less prescriptive than saying 80 percent of the panel says you shouldn’t do it.”’ 60. Pronunciation of Mathematicians’ Names. link 61. What's the word? Head of dictionary panel knows. (1992) Stanford University News Service: news release. link On intellectual history 62. Brenzel, J. (2012) The Essential Value of a Classic Education. Big Think on YouTube. “Marks of a Classic: 1. Addresses permanent & universal human concerns, 2. Game-changer, 3. Influences other great works, 4. Respected by experts, 5. Challenging yet rewarding”. This talk emphasizes that our time to read is limited so we must be discerning in our pursuits. The problem with this definition is that is allows us to exclude those works of other great civilizations that haven’t long been translated. Things can be game changers only within the context of the historical process of which they are a part. Al-Kindi noticed this problem and tried to remedy it in the 800s by talking about India, but his example is rare. Most Islamic scholars were not interested in non-believers’ views. Schopenhauer spoke of Eastern religion in early Romantic Germany, but his Hegelian peers preferred to spend their time analyzing the influence of Western history. If we are to see English as a truly global language, it’s time to use language that reflects that. 63. Historyhour (extra) (October 2016) interview with Jenni Murray. Referencing Carlyle (1841): “The history of the world is but the biography of great men.” –On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The

Heroic in History, Murray adds “…and great women!” Murray is author of A History of Britain in 21 Women (2016, One World). The idea of the Great Individual is still popular, apparently. Major figures covered in Carlyle’s book are Odin, Muhammad, Dante, Shakespeare, Luther, Knox, Johnson, Rousseau, Burns, Cromwell, Napoleon. Two generations later, Nietzsche would write in Untimely Meditations (1876) “…the goal of humanity lies in its highest specimens.” 64. Hirsch et al. (2002) The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. “No one in the English-speaking world can be considered literate without a basic knowledge of the Bible. Literate people in India, whose religious traditions are not based on the Bible but whose common language is English, must know about the Bible in order to understand English within their own country…. The Bible is also essential for understanding many of the moral and spiritual values of our culture, whatever our nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

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religious beliefs…. No person in the modern world can be considered educated without a basic knowledge of all the great religions of the world—Islam, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, and Christianity. But our knowledge of Judaism and Christianity needs to be more detailed than that of other great religions, if only because the Bible is embedded in our thought and language” (p. 1). “It isn’t clear whether the myth of George Washington and the Cherry Tree belongs in a course on history or one on mythology, but from the standpoint of literacy it doesn’t matter. For purposes of communication and solidarity in a culture, myths are just as important as history…. The myths that are shared by literate Americans are worldwide in their origins and embrace both ancient and modern cultures…. Our traditional myths are no more true or false, wise or foolish, than those of other cultures. But being ours, they are uniquely valuable to us” (p. 27). These passages bleed cultural pride masked in humility. There is first a pretense to care about other cultures yet then a reason to elevate Christianity and Judaism. I also disagree with the assertion that American myths are worldwide in orgins. While the Judeo-Greco-Roman-Italic-German-Franco-Anglo-American culture is wide-ranging, it is not worldwide. Yet, it’s true that these topics influence the native English-speaking American. Thus, to be highly educated in an American English environment is to know many of these things. A paradox for the English teacher. 65. “Purgatory” (2017) In Our Time with Melvyn Bragg. BBC Radio 4, May 25, 2017, bonus time. link. Melvyn, during the bonus time of the podcast, expresses his frustration with the lack of evidence for Purgatory, or at least the lack of compelling evidence that should have led so many to believe in it. His interlocutors express their feelings about the type of evidence needed in faith-based arguments, or theology in general. These are signs of differing methodologies of religion and politics/philosophy, highlighting the need for facilitation during cross-discipline dialogue: MELVYN: It’s difficult to get a serious grip on, with the evidence base, isn’t it? GUEST 1: What in particular? … The idea of purgatory itself, or where it comes from? MELVYN: The idea, yes, as an idea it’s wonderful, the way it’s worked out… but, the evidence that is brought to bear is tenuous. GUEST 1: It’s tricky. I mean one of the things we see is… MELVYN: I mean would you call it evidence? Truly? Visions, and intimations, and … GUEST 2: It’s not that kind of phenomenon, is it? GUEST 1: … I was going to say, yeah, it’s not like that. MELVYN: Yeah, but does that mean it doesn’t have to follow the rules of evidence? GUEST 1: Yes, because it’s faith. MELVYN: Alright, so we abandon all of that, I see. Fair enough. GUEST 3: I think that medieval Christians would have, in the West, seen evidence as a different kind of thing. I mean tradition is a different kind of thing… GUEST 1: … that’s what I was going to say! Yeah, it’s still a kind of evidence and it’s kind of working things out, this sort of rational and logical argument is really important. Actually, people do this now, as academics—if you have a thing, and you talk about it, and you think about it, you also make logical and rational arguments from whatever it is. And so one of the 116 (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

things people think about is, for example, how penance works, or how sin works, you have to work from that; there’s all sorts of stuff that the Bible doesn’t tell us, so people are always having to take one passage of the Bible and kind of work something from it. And one of the things that’s interesting, in terms of the evidence, is this discussion of fire in Corinthians initially seems to be applied to the purging of souls at the Last Judgement, not in purgatory, so it’s something that’s kind of delayed until the end of time. And as people work through the concept of prayer for the dead, and what it does, that’s when they start to apply it to the interim, and say, okay, so actually this is something that’s affecting souls immediately, and not being held off until the end of time. 66. Raia. C. (2009) The Patristic Period. History 2D: Science, Magic, and Religion, Lecture 3, UCLA Courses, 5:35. link “If we tried to understand modernity by just staying within modern society, we would not really get a very profound understanding of the … cultural DNA; all these cultural forces that are at work and contributing to who we are—their roots are in antiquity.” I agree! However, I feel she then says this is how to understand the uniqueness and exceptionalism of the West and its commitment to secularism. Has she truly studied the traditions of other civilizations to be able to make such a confident statement about Western uniqueness? 67. “The Renaissance” (2000) Peter Burke on In Our Time with Melvyn Bragg, BBC Radio 4, 11:20. [Bragg] “And you, Peter Burke, that’s one of the points you make. Our idea of the Renaissance ignores the fact that printing was invented in China, and Korea. Machiavelli was a great thinker, but there was a great thinker in 14th century North Africa. And so it goes on. Are you saying that the whole thing is an over-estimate of the European place in world culture?...” [Burke] “If … you mean the rhetoric of the Renaissance as one commonly reads in the history books, absolutely. I want to search for a way of talking about this period in the history of European culture which will not implicitly knock the achievements of the Muslim world, or China, or Japan, or whatever. It’s perfectly possible to do this because there are so many different ways to achieve. What we have to escape is the rhetoric of the human spirit being reborn, and so on…. We simply have to find a different rhetoric which is not saying this is a crucial part of the triumphant rise of Western civilization.” Amen brother Burke! 68. Schlesinger, Jr., A. (1992) The Disuniting of America: Reflections On A Multicultural Society. W. W. Norton & Company. “It may be too bad that dead white European males have played so a large role in shaping our culture… but that’s the way it is.” Is the eminent historian correct? Or is he suffering from sampling bias? 69. Yu, A. Z., et al. (2016). Pantheon 1.0, a manually verified dataset of globally famous biographies. Scientific Data 2 This list is awesome! It is based on page views across all languages on Wikipedia, fulfilling part of my Mission Statement of creating a globally relevant database for education. On specific entries 70. Dobson, M. & Watson, N. (2003) "Elizabeth's Legacy", in Doran, Susan, Elizabeth: The Exhibition at the National Maritime Museum, London: Chatto and Windus, ISBN 978-0-7011-7476-7. (pg nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS (Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

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257, accessed via Wikipedia). 71. Landon, B. (2013) Building Great Sentences: How to Write the Kinds of Sentences You Love to Read. Penguin, quoting Carl Klaus artistic “Baconian” 72. Too many to list. See bibliography for general idea.

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Bibliography principle resources In Our Time with Melvyn Bragg. Life-changing show. Nothing compares in terms of opening my eyes. Wikipedia. It’s cliché, but it’s great. It really is the place to begin an investigation. Wikimedia Commons. Amazing collection of images and digitized media. Internet Archive. Gargantuan. Books, movies, software, websites, and more. Online Etymology Dictionary. Created by a single, single-minded, dedicated wonderful person. Google Books / Ngram Viewer. Search through books by clicking at the bottom of NgV. Just try it. Go ahead. BYU Corpora. Amazing resource, largely curated and created by Mark Davies. Merriam-Webster Online. I’m not a big fan, actually, but pronunciation conventions are useful for English learners. Coursera. My favorite online education website. Future Learn. I took an amazing course from Lancaster on corpus linguistics. Librivox. Free public domain audio books read by volunteers. This is democracy at its best. Gutenberg Project. Print analogue to Librivox. Wonderful for searching. Perseus Digital Library. Better organized than Gutenberg, but with a narrower focus on classical antiquity. Bible Gateway. Easily searchable multiple versions of the Good Book. podcasts

Classical Music Discoveries

History of Philosophy Without any Gaps Partially Examined Life

YouTube

History Extra

Sisyphus Redeemed

New Books Network

Numberphile

Rex Factor

Yale Courses

A History of the World in 100 Objects

Ryan Reeves

HistoryPod

3Blue1Brown

Discovery: BBC World Service

Courtenay Raia History 2D lectures

LSE: Public Lectures & Events

Vsauce

History of Science, Ottoman or Otherwise

School of Life

Thru the Bible

Richard Bulliet – History of the World

Reasons to Believe

Little Art Talks 118

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various media Homer The Economist The Great Ideas of Philosophy by Daniel Robinson many art books Science, Nature, Cell, other scientific journals muses David Bowie Pink Floyd Talking Heads Traditional Music Channel Brit Brigade (Mega Man 2 suite) William Blake John William Waterhouse Joan Baez Game of Thrones my students of veterinary medicine equipment Microsoft Word, Excel & PowerPoint TechSmith Snagit & Camtasia Studio video camera, microphone acknowledgements and gratitude John Osman, Steven Conway, Richard Watson Todd, Keisuke Aoshima, Mark Henshaw, Gary Henshaw, Tim Blankley, Tomoyuki Yamaguchi, Motohiro Horiuchi

nine categories POLITICS / ECONOMICS

(Henshaw 2018, EAWL)

ART PSYCHOLOGY / BEHAV.

DYNASTIC HISTORY RELIGION

MATHEMATICS SCIENCE / ENGINERING

PHILOSOPHY MISCELLANY