Ammonia emissions in agriculture

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2007, 404 pages, Hardcover

Management, health and welfare Livestock farming systems Precision livestock farming

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edited by: Gert-Jan Monteny and Eberhard Hartung

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Ammonia emissions in agriculture

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Ammonia emissions is an important topic in many countries with animal production, since it contributes to environmental and health problems. Strategies and measures to reduce ammonia emission are getting increasing attention in national and international legislation. This book aims to bring together visions and knowledge from scientists, policy makers and other relevant stakeholders around the subject of NH3 emissions from agricultural operations and its reduction options. It also offers a basis for international harmonization on various NH3 emission related topics (e.g. national emission inventories, measurement techniques and strategies, data on emissions and reductions) and, last but not least, it provides an update of science concerning NH3 and related environmental issues. The focus of this publication is on NH3 emissions from various agricultural sources (grazing, animal housing, manure storage, land application of manures), and the options for their reduction in a farm system approach. Also, multiple gaseous emissions, their reduction options and pollution swapping issues are addressed. Environmental impact and health related effects of NH3 are briefly addressed. In conclusion, this book gives an overview of the current knowledge about

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Wageningen Academic Publishers - Ammonia emissions in agriculture

ammonia emissions and how we can implement this knowledge in current agricultural systems. Download table of contents of the book "Ammonia emissions in agriculture". (PDF file) Review of the book "Ammonia emissions in agriculture". (PDF file) ISBN-13: 978-90-8686-029-6 Price (): 59.00 Price ($): 79.00 Quantity 1

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Table of contents Preface Gert-Jan Monteny

7

Invited papers

21

Ammonia emission: history and future of research, the effects of research and the relation between policy development and research A.A. Jongebreur

23

Towards sustainable ammonia emission levels K. Plug

26

Towards a strong, forward-thinking agricultural sector in harmony with its surroundings 28 R. Bergkamp Ammonia and the unece convention on long-range transboundary air pollution J. Sliggers and K. Bull

31

The regulation of ammonia emissions in the United States S. Shaver

38

Ammonia assessment from agriculture: status and national needs V.P. Aneja, J. Blunden, K. James, W.H. Schlesinger, R. Knighton, W. Gilliam, D. Niyogi and S. Cole

44

Atmospheric ammonia: detecting emission changes and environmental impacts – summary report of the unece Edinburgh workshop M.A. Sutton, E. Giles and S. Baker

52

Reduced nitrogen in ecology and the environment J.W. Erisman and M. Sutton

58

Comprehensive reporting of agricultural emissions U. Dämmgen, N.J. Hutchingsand J. Webb

64

Feeding and management: pigs

67

Nutritional options to reduce ammonia emission from excreta of pigs A.W. Jongbloed, A.J.A. Aarnink and C.M.C. van der Peet-Schwering

69

Effect of different feeding strategies on the ammonia emission from a fattening pig house 72 H. Cnockaert, M.J. Van Oeckel, D.L. De Brabander and B. Sonck Ammonia emissions in agriculture

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Effect of diet on air emissions from pigs W. Powers, S. Zamzow and B. Kerr

74

Effect of piglet diet on gas emissions C. Pineiro, J. Morales, S. Godbout, S.P. Lemay, M. Belzile, J. Feddes, P. Illescas, G. Montalvo and M. Bigeriego

76

Dietary composition influences odour and ammonia emissions from pig manure P.D. Le, A.J.A. Aarnink and M.W.A. Verstegen

78

Feeding and management: poultry

81

Effect of diet on air emissions from laying hens W. Wu, W. Powers, R. Angel, C.E. Hale III and T. Applegate

83

Effect of diet on air emissions from broiler chickens W. Powers, R. Angel, and T. Applegate

85

Combined effect of dietary acidogens and cation exchangers on laying hen manure ammonia emissions and egg production costs E.C. Hale III

87

Feeding and management: cattle

89

Prediction of fecal and urinary nitrogen excretion by dairy cattle F.K. van Evert, H.G. van der Meer and J.J.M.H. Ketelaars

91

Nutritional options to manipulate ammonia emission from excreta of dairy cattle A. Bannink, J. Reijs and J. Dijkstra

94

Milk urea concentration as an indicator for ammonia emission reduction from dairy barns by feeding measures G. van Duinkerken and L.B.J. Šebek

96

Examples of dairy cows diets to high yielding dairy cows, fed for decreased ammonia emission C. Swensson

99

Additives

103

Application of urease inhibitors in dairy facilities to reduce ammonia volatilisation M. Leinker, A. Reinhardt-Hanisch, E. von Borell and E. Hartung

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105


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Research of feed and manure additives utilisation for ammonia and greenhouse gases emissions abatement in livestock breeding A. Jelinek, M. Dedina and J. Dolejs

108

Reduction of ammonia emissions from pig housing, slurry storage and applied slurry through acidification of slurry P. Kai, P. Pedersen, J.E. Jensen and S.G. Sommer

110

Reduction of ammonia emission and improved production efficiency in pig houses by acidification of slurry S. Levi and S. Daren

113

Cattle housing Ammonia emissions from a low-profile cross-ventilated dairy barn R.E. Sheffield, M. De Haro Marti, J.F. Smith and J.P. Harner

115 117

Ammonia emission from cow houses within the Dutch ‘Cows & Opportunities’ project 119 M.C.J. Smits and J.W.H. Huis in t Veld Measurements of ammonia emission from naturally ventilated dairy cattle buildings G. Zhang; J.S. Strøm; H.B. Rom, and P. Kai

121

Monitoring ammonia emissions from cattle houses using Ferm tubes C H Burton, T.H. Misselbrook, D.C. Welch and C Hampson

124

Inventory of reduction options for ammonia and methane emissions in Dutch cattle farming H.J.C. van Dooren, M.C.J. Smits, N.W.M. Ogink and G.J. Monteny Pig housing

126 129

Ammonia emission in organic pregnant sows with and without access to paddock S. Ivanova-Peneva, AJ.A. Aarnink and M.W.A Verstegen

131

Heath risks of ammonia exposure for farm animals J. Hartung

133

Distribution of ammonia in swine houses at emission reduction K.-H. Krause, S. Linke, H.-J. Müllerand M. Mußlick

134

Adjustment of the livestock ventilation system as a potential ammonia abatement technique N. Kozlova, V. Vtory and N. Maximov



136

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Determination of ammonia emissions in a pig house from ventilation flow estimated by two different methods V. Blanes-Vidal, S. Calvet, M. Pablos, F. Estellés, M. Laínez and A.G. Torres Ammonia and odour from different surfaces in a house for fattening pigs S.A. Nimmermark

138 140

Pit and wall emission streams for H2S, NH3, CO2, PM and odour from deep-pit pig finishing facilities L.D. Jacobson, B.P. Hetchler and D.R. Schmidt

142

Effects on odour and ammonia emissions of different width openings in slatted floors for fattening pigs C. Fabbri, N.Labartino, G.Bonazziand E.Poletti

144

Reduction of the number of slots for concrete slatted floor in fattening buildings: consequences for pigs and environment N. Guingand and V. Courboulay

147

Reduction of stocking density in pig units: effects on odour, ammonia and dust N. Guingand

149

Air exchange through slatted floors in houses for fattening pigs K.-H. Jeppsson and G. Gustafsson

151

The reduction in ammonia emission by cooling the surface of liquid manure in slurry channels R. Myczko, J.L. Jugowar and A. Myczko

153

Animal welfare, ammonia emission and economical values C.M. Groenestein

155

NH3 emissions in French straw-based pig-on-litter breeding systems M. Hassouna, P. Robin and C. Texier

157

NH3 and GHG emissions from a straw flow system for fattening pigs B. Amon, V. Kryvoruchko, M. Fröhlich, T. Amon, A. Pöllinger, I. Mösenbacher and A. Hausleitner

160

Monitoring of ammonia emissions from two contrasting flooring systems for growing and finishing pigs: fully slatted vs. straw based housing N. J. Penlington, T.G.M. Demmers and B.P. Gill

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162


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Poultry housing

165

Management options for reducing ammonia emissions from poultry litter P.A. Moore, Jr., D. Miles, R. Burns, D. Pote and K. Berg

167

Experimental results of ammonia emissions from a fattening rabbit farm in Spain S. Calvet, F. Estellés, B. Hermida, M. Cambra-Lopez and A.G. Torres

169

Experimental results of ammonia emissions from broiler production in Spain S. Calvet, Y. Úbeda, M. Cambra-Lopez, V. Blanes-Vidal and A.G. Torres

171

Spatial variability of ammonia production in poultry house: biological, chemical, and physical effects at microscale N. Lovanh, K. Cook, M. Rothrock, D. Miles and K. Sistani

173

Potential means to reduce ammonia emission from laying hen facilities H. Xin, H. Li and R.T. Burns

176

Ammonia emissions from laying hen and broiler houses in the U.S.A E.F. Wheeler, R.S. Gates, H. Xin, K. Casey, P. Topper and Y. Liang

178

Extraction of ammonia by ventilation in an aviary system for laying hens G. Gustafsson and E. von Wachenfelt

180

Influence of manure storage on ammonia release in a floor housing system for laying hens 182 E. von Wachenfelt and G. Gustafsson Costs for housing systems with low ammonia emission in poultry H.H. Ellen and I. Vermeij

184

Improving air quality in low density floor systems for laying hens H. von Wachenfelt

187

Manure application

189

Effect of application method on ammonia volatilisation from manure applied to grassland in the Netherlands and Belgium J.F.M. Huijsmans, G.D. Vermeulen, J.M.G. Hol, H. Cnockaertand P. Demeyer

191

An algorithm for estimation of the influence of crop and crop heights on ammonia emission from band spread livestock slurry M.N. Hansen, R.E. Thorman, T. Misselbrookand S.G. Sommer

193



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Comparison of ammonia emissions when using different techniques after application of slurry in Spain: summary of results 2004-06 196 M.J. Sanz, C. Monter, F. Sanz, G. Montalvo, J.L. Palau, P. Illescas, C. Piñeiro and M. Bigeriego The effect of slurry application rate on ammonia losses from bandspread and shallow injected applications E. Sagoo, J.R.Williams, B.J. Chambers, H.Collis, T. H. Misselbrookand D.R. Chadwick

199

The effectiveness of different soil incorporation techniques as a means of ammonia abatement following the application of solid manure 201 R.E Thorman, J. Webb, S.Yamulki, T.H. Misselbrook, G. Bennett, S. McMillan and R. Matthews Evaluation of open and closed slot shallow injection of slurry into ley under Swedish conditions L. Rodhe, A. Etana, G. Gebresenbet, M. Pell, T. Rydberg and S. Yamulki Quantification of ammonia flux from land application of swine effluent K.R. Sistani, A.C. Williams and D.A. Mays Modelling ammonia volatilisation following urea fertilisation in a winter wheat-maize rotation in China A. Pacholski, G.-X. Cai and M. Roelcke

203 205

207

Evaluation of ammonia emissions from chemical fertilisers land spreading E. Dinuccio, F. Gioelli, N. Dorno and P. Balsari

210

Ammonia emissions from sewage sludge management: an underestimated problem? J. Dach and F. Nicholson

212

Handling and storage

215

Turnover and losses of NH3 during manure composting: a critical review G.L. Szántó, H.V.M. Hamelers, W.H. Rulkensand A.H.M. Veeken Predicting ammonia emissions from carbon and nitrogen biodegradability during animal waste composting M. Hassouna, J.-M. Paillat and P. Robin

217

219

Investigations into ammonia emissions during composting I. Körner

221

Emissions of ammonia from a plant for pig slurry processing on sawdust F. Gioelli, E. Dinuccio, E. Santoro and P. Balsari

224

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Farm-scale evaluation of three cover systems for reducing ammonia emissions from swine manure stores and subsequent land spreading L. Loyon, F. Guiziou, S. Picard and P. Saint-Cast Air purification Combined air scrubbers in livestock production: performances and costs N.W.M. Ogink and A.J.J. Bosma Trickle bed reactors: optimisation of the washing water processing to increase the ammonia removal efficiency R. Kosch, M. Olberding, H.F.A. Van den Weghe

226 229 231

233

Ammonia and odour removal from waste gases of composting processes M. Schlegelmilch, J. Streese-Kleeberg and R. Stegmann

235

Biofiltration with rockwool for removal of ammonia emitted from livestock farming T. Yasuda, K. Kuroda, Y. Fukumoto, D. Hanajima and K. Suzuki

237

Production of aerosols of diameter under 10 µm from stables and its elimination J. Dolejs, O. Toufar, M. Dedina, J. Nemeckova and J. Knizek

239

Integrated measures Assessment of pollution swapping risks of EU environmental policies and measures O. Oenema, D. Oudendag,G.L. Velthof, G.J. Monteny and H. van Grinsven

243 245

Prioritisation of ammonia abatement measures, their costs and impacts on nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions using the NARSES model J. Webb, S.G. Anthony and S. Humphries

247

Quantification of ammonia emission and nitrate leaching in EU-27 using MITERRAEUROPE G.L. Velthof, D. Oudendag, H.P. Witzke, W.A.H. Asman, Z. Klimont and O. Oenema

249

Integrated assessment of atmospheric emissions, leaching and runoff of ammonia, greenhouse gases and nutrients at a landscape level W. de Vries, J. Kros, G.L. Velthof, E. Gies, J.C. Voogd, A. Bleeker, J. Schröderand M.P.W. Sonneveld Integral assessment of acidification of the animal sector as part of the total agricultural sector in the Netherlands M.A. Thomassen and I.J.M. de Boer



251

254

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Regional estimates of ammonia and nitrous oxide and their potential environmental impact: The case of dairy production in Czech Republic M. Havlikova and C. Kroeze A whole-farm strategy to reduce ammonia losses following slurry application M.P.W. Sonneveld, J.J. Schröder, J.A. de Vos, G.J. Monteny, J. Mosquera, J.M.G. Hol, E.A. Lantinga, F.P.M. Verhoeven and J. Bouma The impact on ammonia emissions of strategies to reduce nitrate leaching losses following cattle slurry applications to grassland J.R. Williams, E. Sagoo, B.J. Chambers, K.A. Smith, J.A. Lawsand D.R. Chadwick Agricultural scenarios for European air pollution policy Z. Klimont, M. Amann, W. Asman, I. Bertok., J. Cofala, C. Heyes, M. Posch, W. Schöpp and F. Wagner

257 259

261 263

Compliance with multiple EU directives when regulating farm intensification 265 N.J. Hutchings, I.S. Kristensen, M.S. Jørgensen, B.M. Petersen, F.P. Vinther and N. Detlefsen Inventories and modelling - process models

267

Online monitoring and modelling of ammonia emission from pig units B. Bjerg, H.B. Rom and K. Sørensen

269

Investigating ammonia reduction techniques using a dynamic model for swine barns E.L. Cortus, S.P. Lemay and E.M. Barber

271

Ammonia emission from sources in animal houses H.-J. Müller and A. Kiwan

273

How the use of a mechanistic model of ammonia volatilisation in the field may improve national ammonia volatilisation inventories J. Rosnoblet, M. Theobald, S. Génermont, B. Gabrielle and P. Cellier NH3 emission from manure: physicists’ view Mikko Hautala

277

Inventories and modelling - national inventories

279

Spanish methodology for the improvement of ammonia emissions inventories from livestock M. Cambra-López, F. Estellés, S. Calvet, A.G. Torres, N. Alonso and A. Cristóbal

16


275

281


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Animal husbandry in Germany: national evaluation for animal housing systems assessment of environmental impacts B. Eurich-Menden, W. Achilles, H. Döhler, F. Eichler, S. Fritzsche, E. Grimm, W. Hartmann, A. Hielscher and H. Lutz Agriculture emission inventory in Italy: synergies among conventions and directives R.D. Cóndor and R. De Lauretis Assessment of manure management systems in Austria and improvement of the emission inventory B. Amon, M. Fröhlich and T. Amon

283

285

287

The ‘Swiss Ammonia GAP’? Comparison of emissions and air quality trends B. Reidy, R. Ballaman, H. Menzi and B. Achermann

289

An ammonia emission inventory model for Irish agriculture B.P. Hyde

291

The model for agricultural mineral flows for policy support L.J. Mokveld

293

Calculation of the ammonia emissions in The Netherlands H.H. Leusink

296

Comparison of models used for national ammonia emission inventories within the EAGER workgroup H. Menzi, U. Dämmgen, H. Döhler, B. Eurich-Menden, F.K. van Evert, N.J. Hutchings, H.H. Luesink, T.H. Misselbrook, G.-J. Monteny, J. Webb and B. Reidy Nitrogen in The Netherlands over the past five centuries H. Noordijk Inventories and modelling - emission factors

298

301 303

PM emissions in and from force-ventilated turkey and dairy cattle houses as factor of health and the environment T. Hinz, S. Linke, J. Karlowski, R. Myczko, T. Kuczynski and J. Berk

305

Ammonia emissions in and from force-ventilated turkey and dairy cattle houses, validation of emission factors by direct measurements T. Hinz, S. Linke, J. Karlowski, R. Myczko, T. Kuczynski and J. Berk

307

Aerial pollutants emissions from confined animal buildings L.D. Jacobson, A.J. Heber, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, D.B. Beasley and J.A. Koziel



309

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Multi-purpose ammonia measurements on a landscape level A. Bleeker, A. Hensen, E. Gies, W. de Vries, J. Kros and M.P.W. Sonneveld Ammonia, trimethylamine, and other volatile organic compound emissions from selected animal buildings N.M. Ngwabie, G.W. Schade, T.G. Custer, S. Linke and T. Hinz

311

314

Cost of ammonia abatement techniques in Spain C. Pineiro, P. Illescas, G. Montalvo, M. Herrero, R. Giraldez and M. Bigeriego

317

Ammonia-based air permits for Idaho dairies R. E. Sheffield and B. Louks

319

EU Project ‘BAT SUPPORT’: ‘Best Available Techniques for European Intensive Livestock Farming - Support for the Implementation of the IPPC-Directive’ H. Eckel, H. Döhler, B. Eurich-Menden and E. Grimm Measurement methods - sensors and technology

322 325

Measuring atmospheric ammonia concentrations using differential optical absorption spectroscopy D.E. Lolkema, J.B. Bergwerff, A.J.C. Berkhout, M. Haaima, G.R. van der Hoff, C.J.M. Potma and D.P.J. Swart Semiconductor sensor in continual measuring of different ammonia concentration P. Zabloudilová SnO2 solid state gas sensors and changes of some their properties for measurement of NH3 concentration J. Pecen Ammonia passive samplers: a helpful tool for monitoring measures to abate emissions D. Matthaei, E. Seitler and L. Thöni

327

329

332 334

Measurement methods - mechanically ventilated buildings and surface areas 337 Continuous monitoring method for ammonia emissions from poultry broiler houses in the United States R.T. Burns, H. Xin, R.S. Gates, H. Li, L.B. Moody, D.G. Overhults, J. EarnestandS. Hoff

339

Multi-element combined methods increase the reliability of emission factor measurement 341 M. Hassouna, P. Robin and J.-M. Paillat

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Quantifying measurement uncertainty for the multi-state broiler ammonia emissions project K.D. Casey, R.S. Gates, E.F. Wheeler, H. Xin and Y. Liang

343

Ammonia emissions in naturally ventilated cattle housing with an exercise yard: requirements and measuring concept using two tracer gases S. Schrade, K. Zeyer, L. Emmenegger, M.K. Vollmer, M. Keck and E. Hartung

345

Methodologies for measuring ammonia emissions from grazing livestock T.H. Misselbrook, V. Camp, T. Demmers and J. Williams Measurement methods - naturally ventilated buildings

347 349

An overview on ventilation rate measuring and modelling techniques through naturally ventilated buildings S. Eren Ozcan, E. Vranken and D. Berckmans

351

Study of the distribution pattern of the ammonia concentration inside a naturally ventilated dairy house H. Cnockaert and B. Sonck

354

Methods to measure the ventilation rate from naturally ventilated livestock buildings T.G.M. Demmers

357

Determination of ammonia emission from naturally ventilated animal houses H.-J. Müller, B. Möller, M. Gläser and M. Cespiva

359

Measuring methods of determination of air exchange rates and ammonia emission mass flows in naturally ventilated livestock buildings H.-J. Müller, B. Möller, U. Wanka, T. Heidenreich, S. Eren Ozcan, E. Vranken and D. Berckmans Dispersion

361

363

Ammonia concentrations downwind of Idaho dairies and heifer facilities M. Chahine and R.E. Sheffield

365

Ammonia concentrations around three pig farms in the central plateau of spain M.J. Sanz, G. Montalvo, C. Monter, F. Sanz, A. Carpio, P. Illescas, C. Piñeiro and M. Bigeriego

368

Ammonia concentration around two poultry farms in the central plateau of spain. M.J. Sanz, G. Montalvo, C. Monter, F. Sanz, P. Illescas, C. Piñeiro and M. Bigeriego

370



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Ammonia: air pollution and dispersion of agricultural and urban sources Y. Buchleither, R. Lumpp, Ch. Lutz-Holzhauer and Z. Peranic

372

Dispersion of ammonia emissions in the surroundings of a big piggery K.-H. Krause, T. Hinz, S. Linke, H.-J. Müller and M. Mußlick

374

Open space workshops

377

Workshop animal feeding

379

Workshop ammonia abatement: heaven and hell

381

Workshop measuring and monitoring

383

Workshop inventories and modelling: the true story ?

384

Workshop integrated measures: do we need them?

385

Panel discussions

387

Panel discussion (Monday)

389

An abridged summary of panellist statements (Wednesday) Dennis D. Schulte

392

Conference statement

395

Conference statement

397

Authors index

399

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