Apr 17, 2015 - Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,. MD, USA ...... NM, USA; 4. Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San. Diego ...... computerized keiser pneumatic exercise machines targeting different.
Animal: Neuroanatomy; Neurochemistry S1
Animal: Neuroanatomy; Neurochemistry The effects of antipsychotic treatment on brain volume, inflammation and glutamate signaling genes. Peter Bloomfield; Oliver D Howes, PhD DM; Vincenzo De Paola MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Lon, United Kingdom
Alterations of clock gene expression in the chronic mild stress model: modulation by chronic lurasidone treatment. Francesca Calabrese1; Elisa Savino1; Mariusz Papp2; Raffaella Molteni1; Marco Andrea Riva, Ph.D.1,2 1. Dept. Pharmacological Sciences, Univ of Milan, Milano, Italy; 2. Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Background: Genetic and epidemiological evidence suggests that disruption of circadian rhythms can contribute to the etiology of psychiatric disorders. The understanding of these alterations is of great importance to characterize systems and pathways whose dysfunctions are associated with mental illness as well as to identify new potential target for pharmacological intervention.
Effects of maternal immune activation on offspring prefrontal GABAergic circuitry and anxiety Sarah Elizabeth Canetta, PhD1; Alan Brown, MD, MPH1,2; Christoph Kellendonk1,3 1. Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; 2. Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; 3. Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Background: While altered GABAergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, the specific alterations in prefrontal GABA circuit function and their relationship to behavioral impairments have yet to be elucidated. Methods: We used a murine model of prenatal maternal immune activation (MIA) - a risk factor for multiple forms of psychopathology, including schizophrenia - to identify alterations in functional GABAergic transmission from specific interneuron populations in the prefrontal cortex, as well as behavioral abnormalities, in adult MIA offspring. We then mimicked those cellular abnormalities using optogenetics to test a causal link with pathological behaviors. Results: We uncovered profound reductions in GABAergic transmission onto prefrontal pyramidal neurons in adult MIA offspring that were specific to the parvalbumin-expressing (PV) class of interneurons. Surprisingly, despite this profound reduction in PV-mediated GABAergic transmission, working memory remained intact in adult MIA offspring, although these mice displayed pathologically enhanced levels of anxiety. Preliminary optogenetic data suggests that reducing PV GABAergic interneuron activity is sufficient to increase anxiety levels in adult mice. Conclusion: These results demonstrate specific functional abnormalities in prefrontal PV interneurons in an environmental risk factor model for
International Congress on Schizophrenia Research
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Background: Brain volume loss and elevated microglial alongside other inflammatory markers are seen in schizophrenia. There are also known glutamatergic signal disruptions, evident from magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients. However, the role of antipsychotic treatment in this is unknown. Methods: We administered chronic haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg/day) or placebo drug pellets to either naïve (n= 8 and n=12 respectively) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) systemically inflamed (n= 6 and n=6 respectively) rats (4 doses at 1mg/kg). Blood was taken for peripheral inflammatory marker analysis. Confocal images of cortical tissue stained for microglia (Iba-1) and nuclei (DAPI) were analysed, using custom Cell Profiler and Fiji programs. Microglial cell densities, cell body areas, process complexity and cell body stain intensity were the main outcome measures of analysis. We measured glutamatergic signalling associated gene expression to determine the effects of antipsychotic medication on these transcriptional events Results: Whole brain volume was reduced in naïve rats treated with haloperidol (17% reduction p
