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Biogas Asia Pacific Forum 2015 Malaysia, April 28-30
BIO-METHANE FUELLED PALM OIL OPERATIONS OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Indonesia perspective M. Ansori Nasution
[email protected]
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OUTLINES • Opportunity of Biomethane Fuelled • Indonesia Palm Oil mill status • Benefits of Biogas/Biomethane to POM
• Conducted Research • CBG as Household Stove Fuel • CBG (Compress Biogas) for Vehicle Fuel
• Challenges of Bio Methane Fuelled • Conclusions
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INDONESIA PALM OIL STATUS
Area: 7.824.623 ha Source: IOPRI, 2012
Indonesian oil palm in 2014 Plantation area Mature area CPO Production Palm kernel production
10,261,785 ha 7,411,242 ha 29,51 MT 5.7 MT
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POMS IN INDONESIA POMs in Indonesia Province N. Aceh Darussalam North Sumatera West Sumatera Riau Kep. Riau Jambi South Sumatera Kep. Bangka Belitung Bengkulu Lampung West Java Banten West Kalimantan Central Kalimantan South Kalimantan East Kalimantan Central Sulawesi South Sulawesi West Sulawesi Southeast Sulawesi Papua West Papua Total
Total 25 92 26 140 1 42 58 16 19 10 1 1 65 43 15 29 7 2 6 3 3 4 608
Installed Cap. (Ton FFB/h) 980 3,815 1,645 6,660 40 2,245 3,555 1,235 990 375 30 60 5,475 3,100 770 1,545 590 150 260 260 140 360 34,280
Typical POMs in Indonesia POMs are mainly located in Sumatera (70%) Kalimantan (25 %) & others Located in remote area Indonesia CPO Mills capacity are 30, 45, 60 ton FFB/hr About 5% mills installed with methane capture system
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POME: Characteristics
Parameter Oil and grease Biochemical oxygen demand Chemical oxygen demand Total solid Suspended solids Total volatile solids Total Nitrogen Ammonicals nitrogen
Concentration Limit (mg/L) 4000–6000 25
Element Potassium
Concentration (mg/L) 2,270
25,000
100
Magnesium
615
50,000 40,500 18,000 34,000 750 35
350 1500 250
Calcium Phosphorus Iron Boron Zinc Manganese Copper
439 180 46.5 7.6 2.3 2.0 0.89
Source: Nasution et al. 2009
One of Important point
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POME : Common Treatment Common POME treatment in Palm Oil Mill : * Dominated by open lagoon technology - Need large area (3-4 ha per plant) - High cost for maintenance and social cost - Requires about 60-90 days for processing before discharged to watercourses - Produce methane gas as green house gas that emitted to atmosphere. * Combination of utilizing POME as fertilizer such as land application and composting, and another treatment such as membrane, chemical coagulation…
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Benefits of Biogas/Biomethane to POM INVESTATION SOFT RETURN
UTILIZATION OF GASES
REDUCE OPERATIONAL COST OF POND SYSTEM
ELECTRICITY
Certified CPO (RSPO) Water process reduction
VEHICLE FUEL
METHANE CAPTURE
HEAT
Social impact or minimize external interference
FERTILIZER
CDM (if Exist) 7
Bio-Methane/CBG potency at POM
POM
Capacity 30 ton FFB/ h
45 ton FFB/h
60 ton FFB/h *Assumptions: COD = 50,000 ppm 1 kg COD ~ 0,35 M3 methane **1 litre CBG = 0,5 (LGE) litre gasoline equivalent (base on research conducted)
Biomethane (200 bar) 6.2 KLGE/day 8.7 KLGE/day
Indonesia (all POM) 300 KLGE per hour
12.4 KLGE/day
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CBG for Vehicle fuel
1. 2. 3.
Biogas Production Biogas Upgrading (CO2, H2S scrubbing) Bio-methane compression into CBG
converter kit must be installed for gasoline car. 9
KEUNTUNGAN CBG_Hasil Advantages OfPENGGUNAAN CBG as Vehicle Fuel Sementara FUEL CONSUMPTION AND CAR PERFORMANCE • 1 litre CBG equals to 0.5 litres gasoline of equivalent • Power generated using CBG-fueled slightly lower than gasoline especially at up hill road ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY • 2 Ways to decrease greenhouse gases : • CH4 mitigation is conducted by methane capture in anaerobic digester. • Emissions reduction by applying CBG in vehicle to replace of gasoline fuel USER FRIENDLY • Only press one Button • Can change the Fuel (CBG to gasoline or reverse) in running or stop condition. • Automatic exchange to gasoline if the pressure low 10
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TEKNOLOGI BIOGAS PPKS_Pilot CBG for Household Stove fuelPlant
Compressing up to 15 bar The Cylinder dedicated for LPG 11 Burning time less than 1 hour compared to LPG about 3.5 hours
CHALLENGES OF BIO METHANE FUELLED It is not attractive (especially for mill Owners): • Mill owners are still satisfied with the revenue from sale of CPO • High Investment (reactor, gas engine, biogas upgrading and compressor) • Low Economic Revenue (for electricity, presently around IDR 1050 /kwh + IDR 400 if subtitute Diesel fuel)
POM located in Remote Area • Not easy/economic to Injected to Natural gas pipeline • Connection cost and power loss to national grid line (elctricity) • Dominant vehicle use diesel (converter kit for diesel is high cost and ratio diesel and biomethane is low).
Others • Not yet standardization of technology in Methane capture 12
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CONCLUSION
Advantages of Biomethane fuelled from Palm Oil : • Reducing the use of fossil energy. • Increasing the amount of labors • Developing the agricultural sector. • Reducing dependence on fuel imports. • Creating friendly environment • Aplicable for blending with or to replace natural gases Methane capture Implementation in POM is still low due to high investment and no obligation to apply this technology 13
Thank you
Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI) Jl. B. Katamso No. 51, Medan 20158 Tlp: +62 61 7862477, Fax: +62 61 7862488 homepage: www.iopri.org
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