Argentina, Chile. McDonald & De Iuliis, 2008; fossilworks.org. Scelidotherium sp. 4.5. 0.012. Chapadmalalan to. Bonaerian. Localities throughout southern cone.
Appendix S8. Source of information for geographic distributions (Figs 13-14) and age ranges for the calibration of the phylogeny (Fig. 15).
Age and/or South/North American Land Mammal Age
Representative geological and geographical occurrences
Ensenadan to Present Holocene to Present Huayquerian to Present Ensenadan to Present Holocene to Present Santacrucian to Laventan Santacrucian
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil Brazil, Panama, Peru
McKenna & Bell, 1997
Central and South America Panama, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela Panama, Brazil, Peru
Gaudin et al., 2018
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile Argentina, Chile Localities throughout southern cone Brazil, Uruguay
3.3
Chapadmalalan to Bonaerian Ensenadan to Bonaerian Chapadmalalan
16.3
12.8
Middle Miocene
Glossotherium robustum
~0.7
0.01
Late Ensenadan to Lujanian
Localities throughout southern cone, between latitudes of 20°S and 40°S
McDonald & De Iuliis, 2008; fossilworks.org McDonald & De Iuliis, 2008; fossilworks.org McDonald & De Iuliis, 2008; fossilworks.org McDonald & De Iuliis, 2008; fossilworks.org Carlini & Scillato-Yané, 1999; Vizcaíno et al., 2004; McAfee, 2009 Scillato-Yané, 1976; Esteban & Abdala, 1993; Madden et al., 1997; McDonald, 1997 Carlini & Scillato-Yané, 1999; Hoffstetter, 1963; MacFadden et al., 2013; Pitana et al., 2013; Martínez et al., 2013
Lestodon armatus
~0.7
0.01
Ensenadan to Lujanian
Lestodon sp.
5.3
4.5
Montehermosan, Early Pliocene
Mylodon darwinii
~0.7
0.0083
Late Ensenadan to Lujanian
Localities throughout southern cone, between latitudes of 20°S and 40°S Monte Hermoso Fm, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina Localities throughout southern cone between latitudes of 20°S and 40°S
Octodontotherium grande
29.4
24.2
Desedean
Deseado Fm, La Flecha, Santa Cruz; Argentina
Octomylodon sp.
10.0
9.0
Chasicoan – late Miocene
Paramylodon garbanii
3.0
2.2
Blancan (early Late)
Arroyo Chasicó and Ituzaingó Fms, Argentina Central and southern North America
Paramylodon harlani
2.2
0.012
Pleistocene
North America
Pleurolestodon acutidens
9.0
5.3
Pseudoprepotherium confusum
13.6
12.2
Huayquerian, Late Miocene Laventan, Middle Miocene
Simomylodon uccasamamensis
5.3
2.6
Araucano Fm, Catamarca, Argentina La Victoria and Villavieja Fms, Quebrada La Venta, Colombia Bolivian Altiplano, Central South America
Thinobadistes sp.
9.0
5.9
Taxon
FAD (Myr)
LAD (Myr)
Euphractus sp.
1.8
0.0
Cyclopes sp.
0.012
0.0
Myrmecophaga sp.
9.0
0.0
Tamandua sp.
1.8
0.0
Bradypus sp.
0.012
0.0
Hapalops sp.
19
11.8
Nematherium sp.
17.5
16.3
Scelidotherium sp.
4.5
0.012
Catonyx sp.
1.8
0.012
Glossotheridium chapadmalense
4.5
Glossotheriopsis pascuali
latest Miocene (or earliest Pliocene) to Late Pliocene Earliest to Late early Hemphillian
Chapadmalal Fm, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina Argentina, Colombia
Florida to Texas, southeastern North America
Lead References
fossilworks.org
McKenna & Bell, 1997 fossilworks.org
Carlini & Scillato-Yané, 1999; Hoffstetter, 1963; MacFadden et al., 2013 Deschamps et al., 2001 Brandoni et al., 2010; Carlini & Scillato-Yané, 1999; Hoffstetter, 1963; MacFadden et al., 2013; Alberdi et al., 1987 MacFadden et al., 1985; Pujos & De Iuliis, 2007; Shockey & Anaya, 2010 Scillato-Yané, 1977; Brandoni, 2013 McDonald & Morgan, 2011; Morgan, 2005, 2008; Morgan & Hulbert, 1995; Robertson, 1976 McDonald et al., 2004, Morgan, 2008 Rovereto, 1914 Hirschfeld, 1985; Madden et al., 1997 St-Andrè et al., 2010; This work Morgan, 2008
Literature cited in this Appendix and not in the main text: Alberdi MT, Menegaz A, Prado JL. 1987. Formas terminales de Hippidion (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) de los yacimientos del Pleistoceno tardío-Holoceno de la Patagonia (Argentina y Chile). Estudios Geologicos 43: 107– 115. Brandoni D. 2013. Los Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del Mioceno tardío de Entre Ríos, Argentina. In: Brandoni D, Noriega JI, eds. El Neógeno de la Mesopotamia argentina. Buenos Aires: Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial 14, 135–144. Carlini AA, Scillato-Yané GJ. 1999. Evolution of Quaternary Xenarthrans (Mammalia) of Argentina. Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula 12: 149–175. Deschamps CM, Esteban GS, Bargo MS. 2001. El registro más antiguo del género Lestodon Gervais, 1855 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Mylodontidae) (Montehermosense, Plioceno temprano). Ameghiniana 38: 151–157. Esteban G, Abdala F. 1993. Nuevos restos de Glossotheriopsis (Edentata, Tardigrada) de Tío Punco (Provincia de Tucumán). Análisis filogenético preliminar. Ameghiniana 30: 328–329. Gaudin TJ, Hicks P, Di Blanco Y. 2018. Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae). Mammalian Species 50: 1–13. MacFadden BJ, Campbell KE Jr, Cifelli RL, Siles O, Johnson NM, Naeser CW, Zeitler PK. 1985. Magnetic polarity stratigraphy and mammalian fauna of the Deseadan (Late Oligocene-Early Miocene) Salla Beds of Northern Bolivia. The Journal of Geology 93: 223–250. Madden R, Guerrero J, Kay RF, Flynn JJ, Swisher III CC, Walton AH. 1997. The La Ventan stage and age. In: Kay RF, Madden RH, Cifelli RL, Flynn JJ, eds. Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 499–519. Martínez G, Gutiérrez MA, Tonni EP. 2013. Paleoenvironments and faunal extinctions: analysis of the archaeological assemblages at the Paso Otero locality (Argentina) during the Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene. Quaternary International 299: 53–63. McDonald HG, Agenbroad LD, Manganaro Haden C. 2004. Late Pleistocene Mylodont sloth Paramylodon harlani (Mammalia: Xenarthra) from Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist 49: 229–238. Morgan GS. 2005. The Great American Biotic Interchange in Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45: 271–311. Morgan GS, Hulbert RC Jr. 1995. Overview of the geology and vertebrate paleontology of the Leisey shell Pit local fauna, Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37: 1–92.
Vizcaíno SF, Fariña RA, Zárate M, Bargo M, Schultz P. 2004. Palaeoecological implications of the mid-Pliocene faunal turnover in the Pampean Region (Argentina). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 213: 101–113.
