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W J S
Vo1 . 12 No. 6 2007 1131.1135
W uhan Uni versi t y Journal of Natur al Sci ences
Ar t i cl e I D:1 007. - 1 202( 2007) 0 6. - 1 1 3 l - 05 D0I 10. 1007/ s1 1859.007. 0ll6. 7
A ppl i cati on of ConStrUCted W etl ands on W astew ater Treatm ent for Aquacul ture Ponds
口
LI G u’,
W U Zhenbi n” CHENG Shui ping’ ,
,
,
0 l ntr oduct i on
LI ANG W ei ’ HE Feng’ FU G ui pi ng’ ZHONG Fei ’ , 。 ,
,
,
1.I nst i t ut e of Hydr obi ol ogy,Chi nes e Academy of Sci ences / St at e Key
Freshwater aquacul t ure i ncreased ver y
Labor a t or y ofFr es hwat er Ec ol ogy and Bi ot echnol ogy,W uhan 430072,Hubei ,
r api dl y al l over t he worl d,es peci al l y i n Chi na,
Chi na;
whi l e vol umes of wast ewater pr oduced by
2.Yangt ze Ri ver Fi s he y I r ns t i ut t e,Chi nes e Academy of Fi sher y Sci ences, Ji ngzhou 434000,Hubei ,Chi na;
3.Gr a d ua t e Uni ve r s i t y o fCh i ne s e Aca d e my o f Sc i e nc e s ,Be i j i ng 1 00 0 49,
aquacul t ure were al so ver y huge, and t he wast ewat er pol l ut i on has become a ver y s eri . OUS probl em t o natural aquat i c ecosys t emt .
Chi na
Unt reat ed wast ewat er l ed i nto nat ural water
Abst r act:A group of cons t r uct ed wet l ands( CWs )we r e appl i ed t o t he r eci r -
body coul d resul t i n seri ous eut rophi cat i on and i m pact on the aquat i c ecosys tem [ 4" 6] M any
cul at i ng aquac ul t ur e s yst em.Thi s st u dy as sess ed t he per f oI Tl l n ce a of CW s i n
researches have been conducted t o t reat t he
t r ea t i ng t he aquacul t ur e was t ewa t er ,exami ned t he wat er qual i y condi t t i on of
was tewat er before i t i s di s pl aced i nt o nat ural
aquac ul t ur e ponds a nd t he gr owt h a nd t he s urvi val r at e of“t ar get ”s peci es
( Ict al urus punct at us a nd Megal obrama ambl ycephal a) .The r es ul t s s howed t l 1 a t CW s wer e ef f ec t i ve on r educ i ng t he concent r at i ons of 5- day bi ochemi cal
.
wat er n d/ a or re. used f or aquacul t ure.
Cons t r uct e d we t l and f CW 1 ,as an ef f ec t i ve
oxygen dema nd( BOD5 ,a t 70. 5%) ,t ot al s us pended s ol i ds( TSS,a t 8 1. 9%) ,
wast ewat er t r eat m ent sys t em,has been l r gel a y
c hl or ophyl l a(Chl - a ,at 91. 9%) ,a mmoni um ( NH4 ,a t 61. 5%)a n d ni ra t t e ni ro— t ge n 03 _ - N,a t 68. 0%) .Ef f ec t of Cw s on phos phat e( P04 - P)r emoval wa s
appl i ed to t he t reat m ent of dom es t i c wast ewa.
r el a t i vel y l ower( at 20. 0%) .T h e concent ra t i ons of BOD5 ,TSS,Chl - a,Nr h a nd 、 『 ,TP i n h e t r eci r cul at i ng c ul t ur e pond wer e s i gni ica f nt l y l ower ha t n ha t t i n h e t
cont rol pond(P< 0. 05).CWs c oul d hel p t o i ncr ea se t ot al yi el d.s ur vi val r a t e of he“t t ar get ”s peci es n d a s i gni ic f nt a l y dec re as e f eed conver s i on r at i o(P< 0. O5) .
t er, m i ne wast ewater ,l andf il l l eachat e a n d ground r unof f,et c[ - 9】 I t s desi gn concept i on .
and operat i on have been proved wi del y i n ur. ban wat er rehabi l i tat i on,domes ti c wast ewat er
I cm l ur ¥ l S punct at us;M e gal obrama aml yce pnal a;w a st ew at er t r eat ment
t reat ment and t he const r uct i on of ecol ogi cal housi n2 di st ri ct[ 1 0, 1 1 ] But unt i l nOw t he i nves.
CLC num ber:X 71 4
t i gat i on of wast ewat er t reatment by const ructed
Recei ved date:2007.05 13
wetl and connect ed wi t h aquacul t ure ponds i s st i l l nOt enough[ - 引
Key wor ds:cons t uct r ed we t l a nds ( CW s ) ;r eci r c ul a t i on aquacul t ur e s ys t em:
Foundati on i tem :Support ed by t he Nat i onal Hi gh Technol ogy Research and Devel opment
.
.
The st udy was des i gned t o i nves t i gat e t he
Pr og r a m ofCh i na( 863 P r og r a m)( 200 2AA601 l 50 ) ,t he Knowl e dg e I nno vat i o n Pr og ra m Ke y Pr o j e c t ofChi ne s e Ac ad e my ofSc i e nc e( KSCX2- SW- l 02)an d Ope n Pr oj ec t ofKe y La bo r a- t of y ofTr e u t men t , Chi ne s e Ac a de my o fFi s he r y Sc i e nc e s( 2003- 0 1 ) Bi ogr aphy:LI Gu( 1 965 - ) ,P h D.c a nd i da t e,As s oc i a t e p r of e s s or ofYan gt z e Ri ve r Fi s h er y
ef fect of i ntegrat ed ver ti ca1 . low const f u cted r
I nst i t ut of Chi nese Academy of Fi sher y Sci ences,resear ch di r ect i on:envi ronment al bi ol ogy
was tewat er t reat ment of aquacul t ure pond so as
and aquacul t ure.E mai l:l i gu@yf i. ac. cn
十T0 wh om c or r e s po nde nc e s houl d be ad dr es s e d.E mai l :wuz b@ i hb. a c. c n
we t l and ( I VCW )i n a r e ci r c ul a t i on s ys t em f or t o reuse t he wat er f or aquacul u re a t n d reduce
11 31
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t he di schar ge of nut ri ent s i nt o nat ural wat er body
Duri ng t he f irs t peri od,wat er f rom reser voi r pond passed CW and f il l ed up t he pond.Duri ng t he second peri od,
Mat er i al s and M et hods
was t e wa t e r rom f P 1( a bout 20% of t he t ot al vol ume)a nd pond 3 fabout 1 0%)were t reat ed by CW everyday.Dur—
1. 1 structure of the Reci r cul ati on Aquacul ture
Syst em ( RAS)
i ng t he t hi r d per i od,was t ewat e r f r om pond 1( about 30%) a nd pond 3( a bout 1 0%)we r e t r ea t ed by CW e ve r yda y.
The r e ci r cul a t i ng aquac ul t ur e s ys t em f RAS)con.
Dur i ng t he f our th per i od,wa s t e wa t e r rom f po nd 1( a bout
s i s t e d of CW s ,aqua cul t re u ponds a nd t he di t ch( Fi g. 1 ) . Among t hem .t he medi um scal e i nt egr at ed vert i ca1 f low
30%) ,po nd 2( a bout 1 0%)a nd pond 3( a bout 1 0%)we r e t r e at e d by CW.The hydr aul i c r e t e nt i on t i me( HRT)wa s
c ons t r uct e d wet l a nd uni t s ( I VCW ) x WxH: 1 0. 0 mx8
0. 58—1. 44 days and t he mean hyd r aul i c l oadi ng rat e wa s
m x 1. 1 m 、were desi gnedt 1 5 j The cel l s were f il l ed by
0. 3 m ・d .
.
gr avel s( 1 ・1 6 mm) ;Canna i ndi ca wa s pl ant ed i n t he down. f l ow cel l and Ty pha l at fol i a.Acr or us cal ami l s a nd Agrave si sal ana i n t he up・ low f cel l ,res pect i vel y.
The ef nuent of t he const ruct ed wetl ands w as
di s char ged i nt o eac h pond t hr ough t he di t ch ( Lx WxH : 60 mxO. 5 mxO. 25 m,t he downgr ade l es s t han 3%0 )
Four aquacul t ure ponds wer e used i n t hi s st udy
and wast ewater f rom f ish-st ocki ng ponds was pum ped
( Fi g. 1 ) .Pond 1 i s 1 60 m a nd pond 2,po nd 3,pond 4 a r e
i nt o t he wetl ands by submerged pumps,and t hen t he
200 m f or each.A l l t he four ponds are 1. 2 m i n wat er
ef l uent f rom CW were ret urned i nt o ponds t hrough
dept h.The wal l hei ght i s 0. 1 5m above t he ground t o
t he di t ch. Som e cobbl estones were all ocated i n t he
pr event t he i nf low of t he s urface wat er.OBe 25 kW / h
di t ch f or aerati on.
wat er pum p was set on one si de of t he pond and on t he
1. 2 Fi sh Stocki ng
ot her si de was t he i nl et of reci rcul at i on wat er f Fi g.1 1. Before t he experi ment, t he si l t s i n t he ponds wer e
Cha nnel ca r p( I ct al ur us pi lnct at ls)and i Chi nes e bl unt s nout br e am ( Me gal obr ama ambl yce phal a)t r e at ed
cl eaned and s t er i l i zed by cal ci um oxi de.
as“target”spec i es were s tocked i n pond 3 and pond 4.
The I VCW s were operat ed under di ff erent hydraul i c
Si l ve r car p( Hy po pht hal mi c ht h ys mol i t r i x( Cuvi e r e t
l oadi ng dur i ng f our cont i nuous pe r i ods( Ta bl e 1 ) ,a nd t he wast ewater f rom pond 1. 3 wer e t reat ed by CW as de.
Val e nc i e nne s )a nd bl ac k ca r p( Myl o ph ar yngodon pi c eus ( Ri c ha r ds o n) )t r e a t ed as‘ ' j a ni t or ”s pe ci e s we r e a l s o us e d
scri bed i n Tabl e 1.and pond 4 was used as cont rol f or
as mul ti .cul tur e,f or whi ch t he det ai l s were l i st ed i n
cont rast. i n whi ch t he wat er was not reci rcul ated.
Tabl e 2.Ther e were t hree ponds i n t hi s experi m ent al RAS.
【
]
。
/ /厂、. .
、.
V a
pond 5
pond4
【
{ { , b
a
pond 2
n【 p n ) n I l f Q I l
]
\&/‘ I I S ● l s f
pond 3
。 I n l e t I n l e t
/。
一
◇// ] I
◇
T
◇//
T
Fi g. 1 Schem at i c di agr am of t he r eci r cul at i on aquacul t ur e s ys t em pond 1—4: t he cul t ur e ponds ;pond 5 r eservoi r pond W a.W b: t wo set s ofpar al l el wet l ands;s: sam pl i ng si t e
Tabl e 1 Operat i on and hydraul i c l oadi ng rat e( HLR)of I VCW s dur i ng t he experi ment i n 2004
11 32
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Tabl e 2 Fi s h s t ocki ng i n t he reci rc ul at i ng pond and contr ol pond
15)
But i n t hi s pape r ,o nl y s t oc k co ndi t i ons of po nd 3( r e cy-
t er t empe r a t re u ,pH a nd di s s ol ved oxyge n( DO)a t s am-
c l i ng pond)a nd po nd 4( c ont r ol pond f or c ont r a s t )we r e
pi i ng si t es were moni t ored.Al l t he anal yt i cal m easu r e.
chosen t o be repor ted.Thi s was m ai nl y because t hat t he
m ent s were car ri ed out accordi ng t o St andard M et hodsI …
.
s i t uat i on of ish st f ocki ng i n t he t wo ponds was si mi l ar so
Tes t s f or si gni icant f di ff erence i n wat er qual i t y be.
t hat compa ri son and i nvest i gat i on of t he r el at ed wat er
t ween i nf luent and e用 uent of t he wet l and uni t .and such
propert y par amet er s and growi ng ef i ci ency were f easi bl e.
t est s i n pond wat er qual i t y and f ish gr owth bet ween t he
The cul t ured f ish were i nt roduced i nt o pond 3 and
RAS and t he cont r ol were det ermi ned by t - t est. Al l st a.
pond 4 on M ay 20,2004,and t he f ish were f ed wi t h
t i st i cal anal yses were perfor m ed usi ng STATISTI CA
c ommer c i al pel l e t s( Q/ WTWO 1 ,TONGWEI CO. ,LTD. )
( St at Sof i I nc.1 9951 .
cont ai ni ng 32% crude prot ei n.2% crude fat.3% cel l u. 1 ose.1 7% ash.and 1 1% wat er.Fi sh were hand. e d f t wi ce
2 Resul t s
a day( 08: 00 and 1 6: 001 a t about 3%. 5 % ofbody we i ght and adj us t ed acco r di ng t o dai l y f ood i nt ake.Dur i ng t he
2. 1 Efect of l VCW on W astew ater Treat m ent
experi ment ,1 5 f ish f rom each pond wer e sampl ed,and
The eff e ct of I VCW on wast ewat er t reat m ent was
body wei ght and l engt h wer e measured each mont h.At
shown i n Tabl e 3.Al mos t al l t he anal yzed par ameters of
t he end of t he experi ment .al l t he f ish wer e count ed.1 5
wat er qual i t y of t he efnuent Of I VCW wer e s i gni icant f l y
ish f f rom each pond were sampl ed and measured f or
l ower t han t hat of t he i nf luent f P< 0. 05 1.The rem oval
body wei ght and l engt h.I n each pond,a 0. 5 kW ai r
rat es of pol l ut ant s ranged f rom 20. 0% and 9 1. 9% and r e.
com pressors was used f or aerat i on,which was t ur ned on
m oval capaci t y was bet ween 0. 003 and 8. 40 g・m ・d .
when wat er di ssol ved oxygen was l ower t han 3. 0 mg/ L.
Among them .removal rat es of C , 。 a.TSS and TP were
1. 3 W at er Sam pl i ng and Dat a Anal ysi s
9 1. 9% .8 1. 9% and 80.1% .r especti vel y.The con cent ra.
The exper i ment l as t ed 232 da ys( rom M a f y 20 t o
ti ons of BOD ,TSS and N H4 i n t he e用 uent of I VCW
November 6.2004) .舫 t e r s ampl es wer e t aken bi .
ca n mee t t he s t anda rd f or W at e r Oual i t y St andar d f or
weekl y f rom each f ish pond.i. e.t he i nf luent and ef -
Fi s her i es Wat e r Oual i t y f GB l1 607. 89) .I t s howe d t hat
luent f of t he CW s.Sampl i ng si t es were shown i n Fi g.1.
CW coul d ef fect i vel y puri t he aquacul t ure wast ewat er.
Al l sampl es were anal yzed f o r t ot al suspended s ol i ds
2. 2 W at er Qual i t y i n Fi sh Ponds
( TSS)a nd c hl or ophyl l a( Chl - a) .The il f t r at es l ef t by f i l -
The wat er qual i t y i n t he ponds Of RA S and cont rol
t eri ng wat er sampl es t hrough gl ass.f iber f il t ers were
was summar i zed i n Tabl e 4.The val ue of BODs,TSS,
measu r ed f or BODs ,ammoni um ,ni t r i t e ni t rogen,ni t rat e
C , .a,NH4 ,丁N and TP was 6. 2,1 7. 6,1 8. 2,0. 56,2. 07,
ni t r oge n,and or tho- phos phat e phos phor us( PO4 一 P) .Wa -
0. 1 8 mg・L i n pond 3( re t at ed by r vcw) .r es pe ct i vel y;
Tabl e 3 Pur i f i cat i on efect s of t he I VCW s f , z :17)
a, b i nd i ca t e d t he r e wer e s i gni ica f nt d i f f er e nce s be t we en t wo g r ou ps <0. 05 )
11 33
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whi l e t he correspondi ng val ues wer e 12. 0,34. 9,43. 4。
0. 82,3. 22,0. 32 mg・L—i n pond 4( t he cont r o1 ) ,r e s pe c-
i n pond 3 was si gni icant f l y hi gher t han t h at i n pond 4
<0. 05) .The s e r es ul t s i ndi c at e d hat t he t wat e r qua l i t y of
t i vel y.There was si gni icant f di ff erence bet ween t he
h e t cul t ure pond i n RAS can be cont rol l ed efect i vel y.
gr oups <0. 05 ) ,but t he r e was no si gni ic f ant di fe r ence
2. 3 Fi sh Growth Per form ance
i n t emperature. DO.PH and t he cOncent rat i Ons Of
As shown i n Tabl e 5,t he survi val rates of channel
NO2" - N,NO3 " - N,PO4  ̄- _ P >005 ) .Wa t er t rans par ency
cat is f h and Chi nese bl unt snout bream i n h e t r eci rcul at i ng
.
Tabl e 4 W at er qual i t i es i n t he rec i rcul at i ng pond( Pond 31
and cont r ol(Pond 4)( mean: t : SE,n=l7)
pond were 97. 2% and 98. 8% .respect i vel y;whi l e t h os e i n t he cont rol pond were 90. 6% a n d 7 1. 9% .res pect i vel y. The mean body wei ght of channel cat ish was f 498. 5 g and 503. 0 g i n pond 3 and pond 4,r espect i vel y,a n d h ose t of Chi nese bl unt snout bream were 544. 5 g and 506. 5 g, res pect i vel y.
The speci ic gr f owt h rat es of channel cat ish a f n d Chi nes e bl unts nout br eam were 0. 43,0. 43 i n pond 3,a n d
0. 40,0. 26 i n pond 4,respect i vel y.There was obvi ous di fer ence f or al l grow t h paramet ers about Chi nese
bl unt snout bream bet ween t he t wo cul t ure ponds.
As f a r as t he t ot al c ul t ur e e fec t wa s conce r ned( s ee Ta bl e 6) ,t ot a l pr oduct i on i n pond 3 a n d pond 4 a r e 1. 2 kg ・m and 0. 76 kg ・m~.r especti vel y.Feed conversi on
rat i os of t he t w o ponds were 1. 43 and 2. 22.T h e resul t s showed t he cul t ure efect i n pond 3 was much bet t er ha t n a 'b i ndi c a t e d t he r e wer e s i gni ica f nt di fe r e nc es be t we e n w o t g r ou ps <O. 05)
t hati npond4.
Tabl e 5 “Target ”s peci es growt h perf ormance i n Pond 3 and Pond 4(mean: I : SE)
ght A:Cha nnel c at is f h,B:chj nes e bl u nt s nout br ea m;Spe ci lcg f ro wt h r a t e( SRG): — I n( inalbodyw ei f ) -
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
。
—
n( I ti alb o dyw ei i ni ht g )×1 0 0% —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Oays
Tabl e 6 Tot al cul t ure efecti nPond 3 and Pond 4
Food co nve r s i on at r i o( FCR)-t ot a l f e d e c ons umpt i o n/ t ot a l we i ht g gai n
BOD5 were obt ai ned.T h e efect s on wast ewat er t r eat -
3 Di scussi on
ment f or aquacul t ure ponds were much beter ha t n t h at panel l a r epor t ed【 J .and t h e di ff erence i n t h e removal
I n a reci r cul at i ng aquacul t ure syst em,was tewat er
performance bet w een wet l n d sys a tems m i ght be due t o
reat t m ent uni t s usual l y r equi re l ow HRT t o achi eve hi gh
t he di fer ence be we t en oper at i on condi t i ons( i nc l udi ng
percentage of wat er recycl i ng t o r api dl y rem ove t oxi c pol l ut nt a s and mai nt ai n an appr opri at e wat er qual i t y.I n
HLR and i nf lue nt conce nt r a t i on)or pol l ut ant l oa di ng r a t es( def ine d as HLR mul t i pl i ed by i nf lue nt c onc ent r a-
t he present st udy。 i t was f o und out t hat aquacul t ure
t i on、 【 1 0 , 1 2, 1 3 】 .
wast ewat er coul d be t reat ed by t he i nt egr at ed ver t i cal
Here.t he r emoval rat e of t ot al i norgani c ni rogen t
c ons t r uct e d we t l ands( I VCWs )a t a s hor t HRT ( me an va l ue 0. 3 day) ,hi gh HLR( me an val ue 0. 3 m ・d 1 a nd
wa s l ow ( 0. 19 g・m~・d ) ,whi ch c oul d be due t o l ow TI N l oa di ng r a t e( 0. 29 g・m一・d1) .At l ow l oa di ng r at e ,
hi er r emoval rat es of suspended sol i ds,NH4 a n d
pl nt a stor a ge and bact eri al ni t r i icat f i on.deni t ri icat f i on
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mi ght be cont ri but ed t o t he rem oval of ni t r ogenL .The
removal rat e of TSS was hi gher f5. 28 g ・m ・d 1 at
hi gh l oa di ng r a t e( 6. 45 g・m ・d )c ompa r i ng wi t h t hat for al l ot her pol l ut ants.Thi s perf ormance was more ef i. f
Rat on:CRC Pre ss.1996: 893— 9l0.
[ 8】 Reed S C,Cri t es R W,M i ddl e br ooks E J.Nat ur alSyst ems r Wast e Management and Treat me nt [ M].New Yor k: M cGr aw — Hi l l ,1995: 433— 436.
ci ent t han t hat i n t he previ ous st udi es L J .Sedi ment at i on
『 91 I nt er nat i onal Wat e r As soci a t i on.Const ruct ed We t l ands f or
and f il t rati on are t he pri mar y mechanis ms by whi ch sol —
Pol l u t i on Cont r o l ,Pr oc e s s e s ,Pe r f o r ma n c e ,De s i gn a nd Op—
i ds a r e r emoved i n const r uct ed wet l ands.The Rem oval
er at i on[ M】 .London:I W A Publ i shi ng,2000: l 56一l 65.
of sol i ds wi t hout t he accum ul at i on of BOD i ndi cat es
[1 0】Jan V.Hor i z ont al Sub— Sur f ace Fl ow n d a Hybr i d Cons t r uct ed
t hat organi c sol i ds were s t abi l i zed i n t he wetl ands.The
Wet l ands Syst ems f or Wast ewat er Tr eat ment[ J】 _Ecol ogi cal
rem oval of PO4  ̄- _ p i n t his s t udy was l ower t han t hat
Engi neeri ng,2005,25:478— 490.
( 3 1. 9%,0. 23 g・m ・d )had been r e por t e d by Ta nne r .
[ 1l 】Zhou Q H,wu z B,Che ng S P,et a1 .Enzyma t i c Act i vi t i es i n
h e rem oval T of PO4  ̄- P was r epor ted t o i ncr eas e wi t h
Cons t r uc t ed Wet l nds a n d a Di — n— But yl Pht hal at e( DBP)Bi odeg—
l oadi ng rat e unt i l t he maxi mum ,and t hen decreased wi t h f ur t her l oadi ng r at e[ 2  ̄】 T h er ef or e,t he i nef ici f ent PO4 }一 P .
r a d a t i o n[ J ] . S oi l Bi o l o gy& Bi o c he m&t r y, 2 00 5 , 37: 1 4 5 4—1 4 5 9. [ 12】Li n Y F,Ji ng S R,Lee D Y,et a1 .Nut r i ent Removal f r om
removal i n hi t s st udy mi ght be due to l ow PO4  ̄- _ p l oadi ng
Aquac ul t ure W ast ewat er Us i ng a Cons t ruct ed We t l n ds a Sys—
r at e f 0. 02 g・m ・d 1.
t e m[ J】 _ Aquacul t ur e,2002,209:1 69一l 84.
I n gener al ,RA S coul d be hel pf ul t o t reat t he aqua—
[ 13】Li n Y F,Ji ng S R,Le e D Y,et a1 .Removal of Sol i ds a nd
cul t ur e wast ewater and mai nt ai n a hi gher f ish har vest.
Oxygen Dema n d f rom Aquacul t re u W a st ewat er wi h a t Con—
h e RAS cons T is ted of I VCW s and f ish ponds pr obabl y
s t r uct ed We t l and Syst em i n t he St ar t— Up Pha se[ J】 .Wat er En—
coul d be a pr omi si ng way f or heal t hy aquacul t ure i n
vi ron Re s,2002,74: l 36一l 41.
Chi na.Al t hough good perf or m ance was achi eved i n our
[1 4】Lymber y A J,Doupe R G,Bennea T,et a1 .Ef icacy of a
st udy,many exact m echani sms are s ti l l unknown,and
Subs ur f ace— Fl ow W et l and Us i ng t he Es t uar i ne Sedge Junc us
f urt her r esearches r e a needed.
Kr aus si i t o Tr eat Ef lue nt rom f I nl nd Sal a i ne Aquac ul t ur e[ J】 . Aquacul t ure Engi neer i ng,2006.34: l一 7.
Ref er ences
[1 5】w u Zhe nbi n,Cheng Shui pi ng,He Feng,et a1 .The Desi gn n d Pr a i mar y Per f or mance of Cons t r uct ed W et l n d f a or W at er
[ 1】 John A H,Cr ai g S T,El l e n R T,et a1 .Cha rac t er i s t i cs and Sedi ment at i on of I ni t i al Ef l uent Di scha r ged f r om Excavat ed
Le vee Ponds f or Channel Ca t f i s h[ J】 .Aquacul t ure En gi neer - i n g,2005,33: 96—1 09.
[ 2】 Dong Shuangl i n,Pan Ke hou,Br ockma nn U.Revi ew on Ef - f ect s of Mar i c ul t ure on Coas t al Envi r onmentⅢ .Journal o f
Oc e an Uni v e r s i t y f Qi o n gd ao, 20 00 , 30:5 7 5— 5 82. [ 3】 Nayl or R L,Gol dbur g R J,Pr i maver a J H,et a1 .Ef f ect of Aquacul t u re on Wor l d Fi s h Suppl i es[ J] . Nat ure, 2002, 405: l0l 7一 l024.
[ 4】 Haka ns on.Coa st al Mor phomet r y as Re gul at or of Wa t er Ex—
c ha n ge - A Swed i s h Exa mpl e [ J ] .Es t u ar Coa s t S he l f Sc i , l986,23:873— 887.
[ 5】 Bonsdor f E,Bl omqvi s t M ,Mat t i l a J,et a1 .Coas t al Eut r ophi — cat i on:Caus e,Cons equences a n d Per s pect i ves i n t he Ar chi —
pel ago Are as of t he Nor t her n Bal t i c Sea [ J】 .Est uar Coast
Sh e fSc l i ,1 99 7, 4 4: 6 3 — 7 2. 『 61 Pr i mave ra J H.Envi r onme nt a l and Soci oeconomi c Ef iec t s of
Sh imp r Fa r mi n g:t he Ph i l i ppi ne Ex pe r i e nc e[ J 】 .I n of f is h I n t , 1 994,1: 44— 49.
[ 7】 Kadl ec R H,Kni ght R L.Treat ment Wet l ands [ M】 .Boca
Qual i y I t mpr ovement[ J】 _Appl Ecol ,2002,13( 6) :7 l 5— 7 l 8 ( Ch) . [ 1 6】St at e Envi r onment al Prot ec t i on Admi st r at i on of Chi na.
Me t ho d sf or Che mi c a lAn al y s i s o fWa t e ran d Wa s t e[ M】 ,3 r d
Ed .Be i j i ng:Chi na En vi r on me nt a l S c i e nc e P r e r s ,l 99 7, 32— 220( Ch) . [1 7】St a t e Envi r on m ent al Pr ot ect i on Admi s t r at i on of Chi na.
GB l l 6 0 7— 8 9 Wa t e r Qu al i y t St nd a rd a f o r Fi s he ies r [ S] .Be i j i n g: t he Chi nes e St andar d Publ i c House, 1 990( Ch) . [1 8】Pa nel l a S,Ci ni g ni I ,Bat t i l ot t i M,et a1 .Ecodepu rat i on Pe r— f or m ances of a Smal l ・ - Scal e Exper i me nt al Cons t r uct ed W et ・ - l n d Sys a t em Tr ea t i ng a n d Recycl i ng I nt ensi ve Aqua cul t ure
Was t ewat er[ JJ . AnnNew Yor kAcaSci ,1 999,879( 6) : 427・ 431. [1 9】Ta nner C C,Cl a yt on J S,Ups del l M P.Efect ofLoadi ng Ra t e n d a Pl ant i ng on Tre at ment of Dai r y Far m W as t ewat e rs i n Cons t r uct ed W et l n ds:I a .Removal of Oxygen Dema n d,
Sus pended Sol i ds[ J】 _Wat e r Re s,l 995,29(1) : l 7— 24. [ 20】Ji ng S Li n Y F,W a ng T W ,eta1 .Mi cr ocosm We t l nd a s f or W as t ewa t e r Tre at me nt wi h t Di fer ent Hydr aul i c Loadi ng Rat e s
nd a Ma c r o ph yt e s [ J ] . Env i r on Qu al , 20 0 2, 31 ( 2 ) : 6 9 0— 6 9 6.
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