ARTIFICIAL BLOOD CONDUIT FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASES INTRODUCTION
Patent Pending - PI 20097028 Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) was first developed between 1967 and 1968. Its safety and immediate benefits are well established. However, there are a subset of patients who have diffuse coronary artery disease and are symptomatic. These patients show global cardiac enlargement with diffuse myocardial involvement. Coronary atherosclerosis in these patients is severe and involves multiple vessels. Prognosis is grave with a 5 and 7 year survival of 45% and 34%. Experimental and clinical data suggest that methods such as Pressure - controlled Intermittent Coronary Sinus Occlusion (PICSO) and Synchronized RetroPerfusion (SRP) can reduce ischemia, salvage jeopardized myocardium and can reduce infarct size. Today, retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia delivered through the coronary sinus is attributed to produce better myocardial protection because of more homogeneous distribution of cardioplegia. With these facts in mind, a conduit to deliver blood between the aorta and coronary sinus was developed where blood delivered through the coronary venous vasculature would remain at appropriate low pressures without causing endothelial damage to the system.
Figure 1 Percentage breakdown of deaths from cardiovascular diseases (United States, 2006)
Innovation
Product Potential
Novelty & Inventiveness
This A rtificial Blood C onduit innovation ABC is a medical device to treat heart disease. It functions as a transatrialaorto-coronary sinus which is used in the treatment of diffuse coronary atherosclerosis patient. The design is based on: Venturi Concept (overall design) Venturi Throat Concept –VETCO (Narrower sub-section) Slanted Top Design (inlet) Pressure drop (80-15 mmHg) with laminar flow A B C linear equation is created.
To treat heart attack patient To improve health quality of human Prolong 5 to 7 years survival of heart patient
Process The sizing of A B C is designed to accomodate the morphological structure of the heart. CFD is a non-invasive technique which can provide details on haemodynamic information. The information is then used to generate numerical meshes for CFD simulation which provide detailed 3D right artrial velocity and pressure distributions in the right artrial cavity. The demostration of intratrial blood flow was modeled and simulated using the CFD code. According to the A B C invention, the pressure drop is achieved by a narrower sub-section (VETCO) of the conduit that needs to be incorporated into the design. Due to the fixed specification of inlet and outlet diameter, the diameter of the intermediate of the conduit needs to be varied and has to last for a certain length to allow for a pressure drop of about 65 mmHg.
(b)
(a) Figure 2 3D model coronary sinus conduit
(b) (a) Figure 3 Pressure distributions plotted along the artificial blood conduit
Figure 4 Atherosclerosis - caused by the formation of multiple plaques within the arteries
Usefulness
Figure 6 Overall view of ABC on human heart
Graph of pressure distributions comparison at 3 different models
Market Potential
The A B C is designed such that targeted outlet pressure is 50 mmHg whilst the inlet pressure is tailored according to the diastolic pressure (as it is during the perfusion of the coronary arterial system takes place). The diastolic pressure can vary anywhere between 60-100 mmHg. Total occlusion of blood flow causes necrosis of the muscle tissue. Necrosis of muscle tissue causes scar formation, leading to cardiac remodeling and failure. By this A B C invention, the blood supply to the heart muscles can be done by the means of using an artificial coronary bypass conduit and will resolve the issue of multiple blockage of the blood vessel that delivers blood to the heart muscles.
Project Leader: SITI ASLINA HUSSAIN Co. Reasearcher: TAN HONG TAT, MOHD ISMAIL ABDUL HAMID, NORHAFIZAH ABDULLAH, AZNI IDRIS Department/Lab: CHEMICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL Faculty: ENGINEERING Email:
[email protected]
Figure 5
Local market: Government (IJN), Private Medical Hospitals and Cardiac patient Global market: USA, Middle East and Indiahigh cholesterol diet Global estimated price: Million dollars Estimated price/unit USD1000
Project Leader Expertise : CHEMICAL PROCESS, MULTIPHASE FLOW, SIMULATION IN BIOMEDICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL
Technology commercialisation, please contact :
INNOVATION & COMMERCIALISATION CENTRE (ICC) IDEA TOWER II, UPM-MTDC TECHNOLOGY CENTRE, 43400 SERDANG, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
www.icc.upm.edu.my Tel : 03-8947 1289/1286/1294 Fax : 03-8947 1256
