Atomic Properties of the Elements

P E R I O D I C

Group 1 IA 1 2S1/2

Atomic Properties of the Elements FREQUENTLY USED FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS §

H

1 second = 9 192 631 770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of 133Cs

Hydrogen

2

2

4

S1/2

Li

Lithium

3

Period

4

5

Sodium

24.305* 2 [Ne]3s 7.6462

20

2

S1/2

K

40.078 2 [Ar]4s 6.1132

38

S1/2

Rb

56

S1/2

Cs

S1/2

Fr

39

2

Y

D3/2

Yttrium

88.90584 2 [Kr]4d5s 6.2173

S0

1

S0

G°4

Ce

Name

Ground-state Configuration 12

Ionization Energy (eV)

3

Zr

F2

Zirconium 91.224 2 2 [Kr]4d 5s 6.6339

72

3

3

Rf

F2

F2

Rutherfordium

V

Vanadium 50.9415 3 2 [Ar]3d 4s 6.7462

41

6

D1/2

Nb

Niobium

92.90637 4 [Kr]4d 5s 6.7589

73

4

F3/2

Ta

Tantalum

Cr

Chromium

5

Solids Liquids Gases Artificially Prepared

13 IIIA 2

B

P°1/2

Boron

13

6

14 IVA

3

P0

C

Carbon

10.81* 2 2 1s 2s 2p 8.2980

12.011* 2 2 2 1s 2s 2p 11.2603

2

P1/2 °

Al

Aluminum

51.9961 5 [Ar]3d 4s 6.7665

42

Co

Ni

Cu

Zn

54.938044

55.845 6 2 [Ar]3d 4s 7.9025

58.933194 7 2 [Ar]3d 4s 7.8810

58.6934 8 2 [Ar]3d 4s 7.6399

63.546 10 [Ar]3d 4s 7.7264

65.38 10 2 [Ar]3d 4s 9.3942

5

S3

Mo

Molybdenum 95.95 5 [Kr]4d 5s 7.0924 5

W

Fe

[Ar]3d 4s 7.4340

7

74

Mn

Manganese

D0

Tungsten

43

2

6

S5/2

Tc

Technetium (98) 5 2 [Kr]4d 5s 7.1194

75

6

S5/2

Re

Rhenium

Iron

44

5

Ru

Cobalt

F5

Ruthenium

45

4

F9/2

Rh

Rhodium

101.07

102.90550

[Kr]4d 5s 7.3605

[Kr]4d 5s 7.4589

7

76

5

Os

8

D4

Osmium

77

4

F9/2

Ir

Iridium

105

4

F3/2

Db

Dubnium

106

Sg

0

Seaborgium

107

Bh

5/2

Bohrium

108

Hs

4

Hassium

(267) (268) (271) (270) (269) 14 4 2 14 5 2 14 6 2 14 2 2 14 3 2 [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s 6.8 7.8 7.7 7.6 6.01

Cerium

140.116 2 [Xe]4f5d6s 5.5386

40

104

1

Ground-state Level

58

1

S0

He Helium

Nickel

46

1

Pd

S0

Palladium 106.42 10 [Kr]4d 8.3369

78

3

Pt

D3

Platinum

Copper

47

2

48

S1/2

Ag

S0

Cadmium

107.8682 10 [Kr]4d 5s 7.5762 2

1

Cd

Silver

79

Ga

Zinc

112.414 10 2 [Kr]4d 5s 8.9938

80

S1/2

1

S0

Hg

Au Gold

Mercury

178.49 180.94788 183.84 186.207 190.23 192.217 195.084 196.966569 200.592 14 2 2 14 6 2 14 5 2 14 3 2 14 10 2 14 7 2 14 10 14 9 14 4 2 [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s 6.8251 7.5496 7.8640 7.8335 8.4382 8.9670 8.9588 9.2256 10.4375

(226) 2 [Rn]7s 5.2784

Atomic Number

47.867 2 2 [Ar]3d 4s 6.8281

Hafnium

Radium

(223)

Ti

Titanium

Hf

Barium

Ra

Francium

44.955908 2 [Ar]3d4s 6.5615

137.327 2 [Xe]6s 5.2117

88

2

Based upon

1

Ba

Cesium

[Rn]7s 4.0727

†

Sc

Scandium

87.62 2 [Kr]5s 5.6949

132.9054520*

Standard Atomic † Weight (Da)

S0

§ For the most accurate values of these and other constants, visit pml.nist.gov/constants

(exact) (ħ /2 )

2

Physical Measurement Laboratory www.nist.gov/pml Standard Reference Data www.nist.gov/srd

18 VIIIA

14

3

P0

Si

Silicon

7

15 VA 4

S3/2 °

N

Nitrogen

14.007* 2 2 3 1s 2s 2p 14.5341

15

° S3/2

4

P

Phosphorus

8

16 VIA

3

P2

O

Oxygen

15.999* 2 2 4 1s 2s 2p 13.6181

16

3

P2

S

9

17 VIIA 2

P3/2 °

F

Fluorine

18.99840316* 2 2 5 1s 2s 2p 17.4228

17

P3/2 °

2

Cl

Sulfur

Chlorine

Selenium

Bromine

4.002602 2 1s 24.5874

10

1

S0

Ne Neon

20.1797 2 2 6 1s 2s 2p 21.5645

18

1

S0

Ar Argon

26.9815385 28.085* 30.97376199* 32.06* 35.45* 39.948 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 5 2 6 2 4 2 2 2 2 3 [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIII IB IIB 5.9858 8.1517 10.4867 10.3600 12.9676 15.7596 2 3 1 3 P3/2 P0 33 4S3/2 S0 P2 35 ° 32 ° 36 ° 34 21 2D3/2 22 3F2 23 4F3/2 24 7S3 25 6S5/2 26 5D4 27 4F9/2 28 3F4 29 2S1/2 30 1S0 31 2P1/2

Strontium

85.4678 [Kr]5s 4.1771

Symbol

1

Sr

Rubidium

[Xe]6s 3.8939

7

S0

R R c R hc eV k R

electron volt Boltzmann constant molar gas constant

Calcium

39.0983 [Ar]4s 4.3407

87

1

Ca

Potassium

2

S0

Magnesium

22.98976928 [Ne]3s 5.1391

2

1

−1

299 792 458 m s −34 6.626 070 x 10 J s −19 1.602 177 x 10 C −31 9.109 384 x 10 kg 0.510 999 MeV −27 1.672 622 x 10 kg 1/137.035 999 −1 10 973 731.569 m 15 3.289 841 960 x 10 Hz 13.605 693 eV -19 1.602 176 6 x 10 J −23 −1 1.380 65 x 10 J K −1 −1 8.314 5 J mol K

c h e me 2 mec mp

proton mass fine-structure constant Rydberg constant

Mg

Na

55 6

12

S1/2

37

Be

S0

9.0121831 2 2 1s 2s 9.3227

2

19

1

Beryllium

6.94* 2 1s 2s 5.3917

11

2 IIA

speed of light in vacuum Planck constant elementary charge electron mass

Lanthanides

3

1.008* 1s 13.5984

Actinides

1

T A B L E

57

2

D3/2

La

Lanthanum

138.90547 2 [Xe]5d6s 5.5769

89

2

D3/2

Ac

Actinium

(227) 2 [Rn]6d7s 5.3802

58

1

Ce

G°4

Cerium

140.116 2 [Xe]4f5d6s 5.5386

90

3

Th

F2

Thorium

232.0377 2 2 [Rn]6d 7s 6.3067

59

° I9/2

4

Pr

60

5

I4

Nd

Praseodymium Neodymium 140.90766 3 2 [Xe]4f 6s 5.473

91

4

K11/2

Pa

Protactinium 231.03588 2 2 [Rn]5f 6d7s 5.89

C. () indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope.

144.242 4 2 [Xe]4f 6s 5.5250

92

U

5

L°6

Uranium

238.02891 3 2 [Rn]5f 6d7s 6.1941

61

H°5/2

6

Pm

Promethium (145) 5 2 [Xe]4f 6s 5.582

93

6

L11/2

Np

Neptunium

(237) 4 2 [Rn]5f 6d7s 6.2655

109

Mt

Meitnerium (278)

62

7

F0

Sm

Samarium 150.36 6 2 [Xe]4f 6s 5.6437

94

7

Pu

F0

Plutonium (244) 6 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.0258

110

Ds

111

112

Rg

Cn

Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium (281)

63

8

S°7/2

Eu

Europium 151.964 7 2 [Xe]4f 6s 5.6704

95

8

° S7/2

Am

Americium (243) 7 2 [Rn]5f 7s 5.9738

(282)

64

9

(285)

D°2

Gd

Gadolinium

157.25 7 2 [Xe]4f 5d6s 6.1498

96

9

D°2

Cm Curium

(247) 7 2 [Rn]5f 6d7s 5.9914

*For the most accurate value, visit ciaaw.org.

65

6

H°15/2

Tb

Terbium

158.92535 9 2 [Xe]4f 6s 5.8638

97

H°15/2

6

Bk

Berkelium (247) 9 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.1978

Ge

Gallium

Germanium

As

Arsenic

Br

Kr

Krypton

69.723 72.630 74.921595 78.971 79.904* 83.798 10 2 10 2 2 10 2 3 10 2 4 10 2 5 10 2 6 [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p 5.9993 7.8994 9.7886 9.7524 11.8138 13.9996

49

2

P1/2 °

In

Indium

50

3

Sn

P0

Tin

51

° S3/2

4

Sb

Antimony

52

3

Te

P2

Tellurium

53

P3/2 °

2

I

Iodine

54

1

Xe

S0

Xenon

114.818 118.710 121.760 127.60 126.90447 131.293 10 2 6 10 2 4 10 2 5 10 2 3 10 2 10 2 2 [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p 5.7864 7.3439 8.6084 9.0097 10.4513 12.1298

81

2

P1/2 °

Tl

Thallium

204.38* [Hg]6p 6.1083

113

Nh

Nihonium (286)

66

5

Dy

I8

Dysprosium 162.500 10 2 [Xe]4f 6s 5.9391

98

Cf

5

I8

Californium (251) 10 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.2817

82

3

Pb

P0

Lead

207.2 2 [Hg]6p 7.4167

114

Fl

Flerovium (289)

67

4

° I15/2

Ho

Holmium

164.93033 11 2 [Xe]4f 6s 6.0215

99

4

° I15/2

Es

Einsteinium (252) 11 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.3676

83

° S3/2

4

Bi

Bismuth

208.98040 3 [Hg]6p 7.2855

115

Mc

Moscovium (289)

68

3

Er

H6

Erbium

167.259 12 2 [Xe]4f 6s 6.1077

100

3

H6

Fm

Fermium

(257) 12 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.50

84

3

Po

P2

Polonium (209) 4 [Hg]6p 8.414

116

Lv

85

P3/2 °

2

At

Astatine (210) 5 [Hg]6p 9.3175

117

Ts

86

1

S0

Rn Radon

(222) 6 [Hg]6p 10.7485

118

Og

Livermorium Tennessine

Oganesson

69

71

(293)

2

F°7/2

Tm Thulium

168.93422 13 2 [Xe]4f 6s 6.1843

101

2

F°7/2

Md

Mendelevium (258) 13 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.58

(294)

70

1

Yb

S0

Ytterbium

173.045 14 2 [Xe]4f 6s 6.2542

102

1

S0

No

Nobelium

(259) 14 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.65

(294)

2

D3/2

Lu

Lutetium

174.9668 14 2 [Xe]4f 5d6s 5.4259

103

P1/2 °

2

Lr

Lawrencium

(266) 14 2 [Rn]5f 7s 7p 4.96

For a description of the data, visit pml.nist.gov/data NIST SP 966 (January 2017)