http://www.nsc.go.jp/anzen/shidai/genan2008/genan018/siryo18-2.pdf. ・
Strengthening of Japan's nuclear security measures, Advisory committee on
nuclear ...
Safety, Security and Safeguards/Non-proliferation (3S) 1. Objective (1) Task To develop a proposal for the national nuclear security approach and a safeguards programme. Training and application should be discussed. Furthermore, a systematic approach to ensure safe operation of nuclear facilities should be proposed. Safety culture should be primarily addressed. International context in terms of the best existing practices has to be addressed. (2) Output ・Proposal for the national nuclear security measures and a safeguards programme => Training and application, International context … etc ・Systematic approach to ensure safe operation of nuclear facilities => Safety culture International context … etc. A proposal on a how to ensure safe operation of nuclear facilities that would at the same time ensure their security and that of the involved nuclear material as well as compliance with the State’s non-proliferation obligations . 2. Procedure of the work project (1)Step1 Study the 3S legal framework such as international Conventions and Codes of Conduct and standards. (Keywords) ・Safety: Safety Measures (Safety Standard), Global Safety Framework , Safety goal(s), (Convention on nuclear safety, Joint convention on the safety of spent fuel management and radioactive waste management, Code of conduct on the safety and security of radioactive sources, Code of conduct on the safety of research reactors) ・Security: Nuclear Security Recommendations, Physical Protection, (Convention on the physical protection of nuclear material, Nuclear Terrorism Convention, UN Security Council Resolutions, Code of conduct on the safety and security of radioactive sources) ・ Safeguards/Non-proliferation: NPT, IAEA safeguards agreements, Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements (CSA), Additional protocol (AP), Facility design information verification (DIV), Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), Export Control, Zangger committee, Trigger list, Nuclear weapon free zone (NWFZ), (2)Step2 Examine the current legislative system of 3S in target country. (Keywords) ・Safety; Licensing process, Independence of regulatory body, safety culture, Emergency preparedness and response, Safety against external events, Defense in Depth, ・Security; Physical protection, Security culture, Information security, Allocation of roles among authorities, Awareness of nuclear security, Insider threats, DBT 1
・Safeguards/Non-proliferation; State System of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Material (SSAC) and State responsibilities, Nuclear Material Accounting and Reporting, Verification activities and inspection regime , Export control, Awareness of export control (illicit trade), (3)Step3 Analyze the gap and challenges of bridging together the national and international safety, security and safeguards needs, difficulties, commonalities and synergies in the 3S integration approach, between the standards and the current situation of the national 3S system and activities, and investigate other issues in 3S activities and standards and reveal the differences between the 3S. (Keywords) ・Safety; , Defense in Depth, Independence of regulatory body, Emergency preparedness and response, Accident management, ・Security; Coherent approach to safety and security, Information security and transparency, ・Safeguards/Non-proliferation; Safeguardability, Safeguards by design, Proliferation Resistance, Nuclear Material Accounting and Reporting 1) Analyze the current status of the 3S integration approach and challenges at national level ①What the new coming country should consider to integrate better safety-security and safeguards ① What the country with developed nuclear infrastructure could recommend on 3S synergy based on its experience and best practices (to be identified). Is there anything the country should improve in 3S performance? ③Lessons learned by Fukushima accident in terms of safety ②Current situation of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power station and counter measures (Japan) e.g.) ・Safety: How to ensure the safety of broken reactors ・Security; How to prevent illicit access to accident site. ・Safeguards: How to prove that there is no diversion of failed fuel, material accounting and inspection of failed fuel, 2) Investigate other issues in 3S activities and standards ①How to optimize 3S measures coherently e.g.) ・Inconsistency of attitude of information security and sharing (and transparency) in 3S; Safety issues and measures should be shared among nuclear industry for safety operation, but access to nuclear security information such as DBT should be restricted. ・Unawareness of confidentiality of nuclear security information. ・The appropriate balance between “design of a facility” and “institutional measure” such as safeguards in terms of cost. ②Examine the adequacy of standards, considering the current situation. e.g.) ・Need to enhance information security in terms of nuclear security. 2
(4)Step4 Propose a plan to improve the current situation. □What does the country need to improve their 3S performance? □More effective and efficient national organization of education and training □What kind of activities and standards should be enhanced?
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3. References (1) Step1 ・Lecture presentation IAEA-NEM 2012 in UAE http://www.iaea.org/nuclearenergy/nuclearknowledge/schools/NEM-school/2012/AbuDhabi/index.html
・IAEA Safety Standards, Fundamental Safety Principles http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1273_web.pdf ・Nuclear Security Recommendations on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities (INFCIRC/225/Revision5) http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1481_web.pdf ・INFCIRC153/540 http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/Others/infcirc153.pdf http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/1997/infcirc540c.pdf (2) Step2 ・Country Profiles (IAEA, NTI …etc) http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/CNPP2011_CD/pages/countryprofiles.htm http://www.nti.org/country-profiles/ ・Report of Japanese Government to the IAEA Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Safety http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/kan/topics/201106/iaea_houkokusho_e.html ・Integrated regulatory review service (IRRS) to JAPAN http://www.nsc.go.jp/anzen/shidai/genan2008/genan018/siryo18-2.pdf ・Strengthening of Japan’s nuclear security measures, Advisory committee on nuclear security of Japan Atomic Energy Commission, 2012, http://www.aec.go.jp/jicst/NC/senmon/bougo/kettei120309.pdf ・Japan’s nuclear security measures to terrorist attacks on nuclear facilities and material (Japanese only). http://www.jiia.or.jp/pdf/us_terror/2-4koyama.pdf (3) Step3 ・Guidance for the Application of an Assessment Methodology for Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems, INPRO Manual - Safety of Nuclear Reactors http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TE_1575_CD/PDF/TE_1575_vol8_2008.pdf ・Guidance for the Application of an Assessment Methodology for Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems, INPRO Manual – Proliferation Resistance http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TE_1575_CD/PDF/TE_1575_vol5_2008.pdf ・Guidance for the Application of an Assessment Methodology for Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems, INPRO Manual – Physical Protection http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TE_1575_CD/PDF/TE_1575_vol6_2008.pdf (4)Step4 ・IAEA, Peer Reviews, Advisory Services and Education and Training (Lecture presentation IAEA-NEM 2012 in UAE) http://www.iaea.org/nuclearenergy/nuclearknowledge/schools/NEM-school/2012/AbuDhabi/index.html
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Keywords Keywords Safety
International Cooperation on Nuclear Energy Infrastructure, Increase of Nuclear Power Plants around the World, Safety Measures (Safety Standard), Global Safety Regime, Safety goal(s), Safety culture, How safe is safe enough?, Direct and indirect risks, Risk-informed decision making, Emergency preparedness, Safety against external events, Coherent approach to safety and security, Defense in Depth, Passive Safety Design, Active Safety Design, Safety Margin, Redundancy, Diversity, PSA (Level-1, 2, 3), Deterministic and Probabilistic assessment, Inherent Safety, Licensing process, Independence of regulatory body, (Convention on nuclear safety, Joint convention on the safety of spent fuel management and radioactive waste management, Code of conduct on the safety and security of radioactive sources, Code of conduct on the safety of research reactors), Safety measures related to Fukushima, Safety to what extent, Safety and relief
Security
Nuclear Threats, Nuclear Risks, Existing Weapons, Nuclear Terrorism, A World of Zero Nuclear Weapons, Physical Protection, Security system of nuclear facility, Dirty Bomb, Cyber Security, Security culture, Information security, Allocation of roles among authorities, Awareness of nuclear security, Insider threats, DBT, Coherent approach to safety and security, Information security and transparency, Nuclear Security Recommendations, Physical Protection, (Convention on the physical protection of nuclear material, Nuclear Terrorism Convention, UN Security Council Resolutions, Code of conduct on the safety and security of radioactive sources)
Safeguards/ NPT , Non-proliferation Matters, Safeguards and Verification, Diversion of Nuclear Nonproliferation Material from Civil to Military, Multi-lateralization of Fuel Cycle (Plutonium Recycle), Proliferation Resistance, IAEA safeguards agreements and additional protocol, Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements (CSA), Additional protocol (AP), Facility design information verification (DIV), State System of Accounting for and Control of Nuclear Material (SSAC), Inspection, Integrated safeguards, Safeguards by design, Proliferation Resistance, Nuclear weapon free zone (NWFZ), Safeguards Training, Safeguards Training, Cooperation to IAEA, Possession of Plutonium, + Nuclear Material Accounting and Reporting Export Control, Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), Zangger committee, Trigger list, the foreign exchange law (Export control), Awareness of export control (illicit trade)
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