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PROTISTOLOGICA, 1976, T. XII, fasc. 2, p. 217-224.
EMILIANIA HUXLEYI (LOHMANN) HAY & MOHLER. III. MINERAL DEPOSITION AND THE ORIGIN OF THE MATRIX DURING COCCOLITH FORMATION. Dag KLAVENESS Departement for Marine Biology and Limnology, sect. Limnology, University of Oslo P. O. Box 1027, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway.
RESUME Le coccolithophoride Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Hay & Mohler a ete examme au microscope electronique. Des reactions colon~es specifiques permettent de suivre la formation de la matrice organique et du mineral des ecailles calcaires. Les coccolithes sont produits dans Ie systeme de l'endomembrane de la cellule. Le materiau constituant la matrice, principalement produit dans Ie reticulum endoplasmatique, se dispose en meme temps que la mineralisation s'opere. La forme des coccolithes est controlee directement par la membrane de leur vacuole. La matrice peut avoir une autre fonction que de determiner la morphologie du mineral. SUMMARY The coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Hay & Mohler has been investigated by electron microscopy. Specific staining reactions made it possible to follow matrix formation and mineralization independently. The coccoliths are made within the endomembrane system of the cell. The matrix material is mainly formed within the endoplasmic reticulum and is deposited at the same time as the mineralization is taking place. The shape of the coccoliths are directly controlled by the coccolith vesicle membrane. The matrix may have another function than to determine the morphology of the mineral deposited. ABBREVIATIONS ChI: Chloroplast. Cv: Coccolith vesicle. Er: Endoplasmic reticulum.
N: Nucleus.
M: Mitochondrion.
R: Reticular body.
INTRODUCTION
Common to biological systems depositing calcium as a mineral are the presence and cooperation of two diffe rent phases during mineralization: the organic phase, that is, the matrix material, and the inorganic phase,
*
the mineral deposited. Previous papers on mineralization in coccolithophorids have stressed the precedence of matrix formation to mineralization, the matrix as deter minant of shape of the mineral or the matrix as initiator of crystal growth (see e.g. WILBUR & WATABE 1963, OUTKA & WILLIAMS 1971, KLAVENESS 1972, ISENBERG 1973, DORIGAN & WILBUR 1973). In this paper, the processes of matrix formation and
Manuscrit regu Ie 26 novembre 1975.
217
B 78
mineralization were followed independently by methods in volving differential staining and electron microscopy. Evidence is presented here that matrix formation and mineralization are simultaneous processes and that the coccolith vesicle membrane is directly taking part in morphogenesis during mineralization. The many previous articles concerned with minerali zation in coccolithophorids (see PAASCHE 1968, KLAVE NESS 1972 and de lONG 1974 for further references) h
