Basic and Applied Biological Sciences

National Conference on

Basic and Applied Biological Sciences 10th & 11th October 2018

Organized by Department of Botany & Department of Biochemistry Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641 046

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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE CHIEF PATRON

MEMBERS, VICE-CHANCELLOR COMMITTEE Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. PATRON

REGISTRAR

Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. CHAIRMAN

Dr. A. Rajendran Professor and Head, Deptartment of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. CO-CHAIRMAN

Dr. S. Suja Head, Deptartment of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. ORGANIZING SECRETARIES Dr. K. Vasanth Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.

Dr. S. Selvakumar Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.

EXECUTIVE MEMBERS DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

Dr. T. Parimelazhagan Dr. N. Geetha Dr. P. Ponmurugan Dr. T. Muthukumar Dr. T. Sekar Dr. P. Gurusaravanan Dr. K. Chithra

Dr. R. Kavitha Dr. K. M. Saradhadevi Dr. M. Rajesh

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BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY COIMBATORE - 641 046, TAMILNADU, INDIA. State University | Re-accredited with “A” Grade by NAAC | Ranked 13th among Indian Universities by MHRD-NIRF

Dr. P. Thirunavukkarasu Member, Vice-Chancellor’s Committee

MESSAGE I am relished to note that the Department of Botany and Biochemistry is organizing the National conference on “Basic and Applied Biological Sciences” on 10th and 11th of October, 2018. Basic and applied biological science is one of the important platforms to know about the biological aspects in life. Literally, biology is the study of life. It is developed to study living organisms. It is an exceedingly broad and diverse subject which helps us to understand life process and reveals the secret of life. The basic information about life science will reflect the soul of life. The still-exploratory yet dynamic state of the field may be what motivates and excites the researchers of multidisciplinary backgrounds working in applied biology area. The ultimate aim of this conference is to provide an interdisciplinary forum for discussions of biological oscillations between researchers and students drawn from the area of applied biology and basics. I would like to congratulate the Organizing Secretaries for their immense efforts in conducting this National Conference in a grand manner. I wish the national conference a grand success and hope that the information gained from the conference would eventually contribute to the student’s knowledge as well as career development and also towards the growth of our nation

(P. Thirunavukkarasu)

Website : www.b-u.ac.in | E-mail : [email protected] | Phone : 0422-2422439 / 2428103 | Fax : +91 422 2422387

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Dr. C. Palanivelu Professor & Director Institute of Gastroenterology & Minimal Access Surgery, Chairman GEM Hospital & Research Centre, Coimbatore. MESSAGE I am glad to know that Department of Botany, and Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore are organizing a National Conference on Basic and Applied Biological Sciences on October 10 & 11, 2018. The theme of this conference is appropriate as it also addresses the recent trends in the basic and applied biological sciences for the benefit of mankind. I am happy to know that a large number of eminent scientists at the national level will be participating in the conference and discuss their valuable research, innovations and experience in the field of Biological sciences. It is also praiseworthy to know that this conference will also give an opportunity to young Researchers in and around Coimbatore to make presentation about their innovative ideas and learn from experiences of senior scientists. I profoundly acknowledge that the organizers have spent all needful corpus of sweat and have appreciably networked with University faculty members and all others associated with the event. This scientific event will provide a momentum to the Plant and animal diversity including microbial diversity, Animal and plant biochemistry, cell signalling, and molecular genetics that ultimately will lead to the betterment in human care all over the nation. Also, all the intellectuals, speakers, participants and delegates will gain the different and new feature of biology and biochemistry. Science is the product of the rational activity of Scientists. The phenomenon of life has proven itself to be inaccessible to mere physical and chemical scientific explanation, despite the most strenuous efforts of thousands of scientists worldwide. The 50 years between the discovery of the DNA structure and the determination of the sequence of the human genome produced spectacular advances in applied scientific knowledge and techniques that have thoroughly altered our understanding of basic

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biology and diseases of every kind. Biological science been transformed. DNA sequencing and DNA synthesis are routine techniques, often outsourced to commercial services. Virtually all laboratory studies today involve genetic manipulation, which has become standard for everything from protein purification to determination of phenotype. Naturally, this progress has raised expectations about scientific applications. One prominent example is the development of effective treatments for AIDS, a disease whose essential nature, apart from the viral etiology, could not have begun to be understood in the 1950s. Indeed, all of the products of the biotechnology industry could not have been imagined then. Twenty-first century biology has revealed a level of detail and complexity of even the simplest biological organisms that was unavailable and unimaginable to scientists even a few decades ago. They are now faced with evidence that suggests that all living organisms appear to exhibit an essentially sentient nature of regulation, manipulation and control even at the cellular level. This has given rise to the new field of applied biology. The natural progress of science has led to the need to broaden its scope to include such features that all rational people know are part of their reality. The work of Research Institute is to encourage this type of basic and applied scientific research for the benefit of Mankind. Authentic science must be based on basic and applied scientific principles of Nature that are confirmed by repeatable evidence, and not based merely on prevailing ideological dogma. It is our hope that this conference, and many more like it, will help to bring about the inevitable progress toward a basic scientific understanding that is worthy of the concept of life.

(C. PALANIVELU)

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Prof. Dr. G. Singaravelu Syndicate Member

MESSAGE I am glad to be part of the National Conference on “Basic and Applied Biological Science” (BABS- 2018) organized by the Department of Botany and the Department of Biochemistry. “There is no such thing as a special category of science called applied science; there is science and its applications, which are related to one another as the fruit is related to the tree that has borne it” as Louis Pasteur said. Applied science is the use of scientific processes and knowledge as the means to achieve a particular practical or useful result. It includes a broad range of applied biological science related to fields of engineering, business, medicine etc. Applied biological science has a diverse platforms that reflect its intentionally broad scope. The National Conference aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers, research scholars and students to exchange and share their experiences in research on all aspects of basic and applied biological science. I hope that this conference would certainly enhance the opportunity to study the key areas in Applied Biology including Microbiology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Genetics etc. With hearty wishes to flourish

(G. Singaravelu) Website : www.b-u.ac.in | E-mail : [email protected] | Phone : 0422-2422439 / 2428103 | Fax : +91 422 2422387

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Prof. Dr. P. S. Mohan Head, Department of Chemistry MESSAGE

I am indeed delighted to welcome you to the National Conference in Basic and Applied Biological Sciences (BABS- 2018) organized in our institution which is a great desire. I appreciate the Department of Botany and the Department of Biochemistry for such an initiative. Conference of such nature provides a great opportunity to update knowledge and keep obsessed with latest developmental scenario. The diversity of life leads to many divisions in biological science involved with studying all aspects of living organisms. The primary divisions of study in biology consist of zoology, botany and protistology and are aimed at practical researches. Applied biology, as the title suggests, takes the science of biology and applies it to real life needs, creating biological products. Applied biology focuses on solving specific real-world problems. I wish all the organizers who made this conference a possible one. This Conference will strive to offer plenty of networking opportunities for the budding student scientists and research scholars. This is a unique opportunity for the participants who are specialized in the area of applied biology research to exchange their views with the experts of the particular field. I hope the information gained from this conference will provide you with ideas as to some typical careers/jobs that are associated with your research topics. I wish the Conference a vast success.

(P. S. Mohan)

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Prof. Dr. A. Rajendran Head, Department of Botany, Dean, Faculty of Sciences, Research Co-ordinator. MESSAGE Greetings on the National Conference on Basic and Applied Biological Sciences (BABS’18) and is important for researchers, Scientists, academics and also for policy makers to further understand the importance of science & technology, especially bioscience & biotechnology, for the socio-economic development. It also discusses the self reliance, sustainability and affordability of biological substances by improving through innovation so that can be more competitive and self reliant on Society. The entire conference will be in parallel sessions and this conference will be addressed by senior scientists & professors as key-note/invited speaker while it will also attract more young researchers. This conference assemblage will encourage and share the recent diversified findings of botanists, chemists, microbiologists, ethnobotanists and pharmacologists to provide scientific evidence in the development of sustainable biodiversity. It is hoped that with this conference more science students are encouraged to purse interdisciplinary studies to unlock the secret of plants for the well being of humanity. Definitely it serves as the engine of more concrete efforts at conserving and propagating our rich plant resources in their natural biodiversity. I congratulate the presenters for their commitment to knowledge creation through research and sharing with others. I am sure the outcome would bring benefit to the people especially those resource-less but having hope in life.

(A. RAJENDRAN) Website : www.b-u.ac.in | E-mail : [email protected] | Phone : 0422-2422439 / 2428103 | Fax : +91 422 2422387

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Prof. Dr. S. Suja Associate Professor & Head, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University.

MESSAGE I am happy to welcome all the participants for the national conference on ‘Basic and Applied Biological Sciences’ organized by the Department of Botany and Biochemistry, Bharathiar University on 10th – 11th October 2018. The goal of basic biological science is to expand and explore the knowledge in biological field and applied sciences to acquire knowledge. The knowledge that has been acquired or learnt from basic science helps to find a solution for the existing problems. In short, it is utilization of basic science. I hope this programme will stimulates the ideas of Basic and Applied Biological Sciences (BABS). There will be interesting lectures that will enrich the knowledge. This conference will provide a perfect forum for both faculty and student participants to interact possibly and discuss future collaborations. I would like to pay my gratitude to the organising committee for their wholehearted and constant efforts in organising this conference and all those who have worked on putting this successful convention together. I sincerely hope that you will enjoy the event and benefit from the lectures.

(S. SUJA) Website : www.b-u.ac.in | E-mail : [email protected] | Phone : 0422-2422439 / 2428103 | Fax : +91 422 2422387

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ORGANISING SECRETARIES

As a wise man once said, Science does not know its debt to imagination; similarly this conclave potentially aims in brainstorming and bracing new ideas. This is an opportune time to discuss scientific problems of mutual interest through delegates with a wide array of scientific expertise. This conference also aims to bring together scientists, academicians and students at a common platform to share the recent novel developments in the field of biological sciences. There will be interesting lectures that will enrich our knowledge. For this Conference, more than 200 research articles have been received from various states of the nation. This Conference holds more than 150 registered participant who intend to present their research work in the form of both Oral and Poster presentations on various themes. Even though this Conference biased with national level but notifications and news feeds in social medias roots to attract the conference and harvested a few research articles from International level like South Korea, China, Hong Kong, France, Taiwan and Malaysia. We wish this conference would throw positive rays on students in direction to motivate themselves in the field of applied biological research and also enlighten the young minds with rich knowledge gathered.

(VASANTH & SELVAKUMAR) Website : www.b-u.ac.in | E-mail : [email protected] | Phone : 0422-2422439 / 2428103 | Fax : +91 422 2422387

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CONFERENCE SCHEDULE National Conference on

Basic and Applied Biological Sciences Department of Botany & Department of Biochemistry Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Day 1: Wednesday, October 10, 2018 Time

Sessions

09.00 am - 09.45 am

Registration

10.00 am - 11.00 am

Inauguration

11.15 am - 11.30 am 11.30 am - 12.15 pm

12.15 pm - 12.30 pm

Refreshment Invited Talk – I Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for crop production and protection Discussion

12.30 pm - 01.30 pm

Lunch Break

01.45 pm - 03.45 pm 03.45 pm - 04.30 pm 04.30 pm - 04.45 pm

Oral Presentation Invited Talk – II Metabolic Engineering of Crop Plants Discussion

04.45 pm - 05.00 pm

Refreshment

05.00 pm - 06.00 pm

Poster Presentation

06.00 pm - 07.00 pm

Cultural Programme

07.00 pm

Conference Dinner

Day 2: Thursday, October 11, 2018 10.00 am - 11.15 am Invited Talk – III Impact of He-Ne laser-assisted in vitro breeding on germination, growth and agronomical characters of plants 11.15 am - 11.30 am Discussion 11.30 am - 11.45 pm

Refreshment

11.45 pm - 1.00 pm

Oral Presentation

01.00 pm - 02.00 pm

Lunch Break

02.00 pm - 03.30 pm 03.30 pm - 04.15 pm 04.15 pm - 04.30 pm

Poster Presentation Invited Talk – IV Technologies that Transformed Medicine Discussion

04.30 pm - 05.00 pm

Refreshment

05.00 pm

Valedictory

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Invited Lectures 12

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for crop production and protection Dr. S. Gopalakrishnan Principal Scientist (Microbiology), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, Telangana. [email protected]

Over reliance of chemical pesticides and fertilizers has resulted in a few problems including safety risks, outbreaks of secondary pests normally held in check by natural enemies, environmental contamination, biodiversity reduction and insecticide resistance. Increasing cost and negative effects of pesticides and fertilizers necessitates the idea of biological options for crop protection and production. Biological options such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), botanicals, animal wastes and crop residues serves not only as an alternative to chemical pesticides and fertilizers but also can have a direct impact on soil health and crop productivity. Application of PGPR inoculants can have a direct impact not only on soil health and crop productivity but also can be an alternative for the chemical fertilizers and pesticides. PGPR are isolated from rhizosphere, compost and vermicompost. PGPR stimulate plant growth directly by nitrogen fixation, solubilization of nutrients (such as P and K), production of growth hormones (such as auxins), 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and indirectly by antagonizing pathogenic fungi by production of siderophores, chitinase, β-1, 3-glucanase, antibiotics, fluorescent pigments and cyanide. Among the PGPR, of late, actinomycetes has been demonstrated to play a major role in crop production and protection Role of actinomycetes in plant growth-promotion and biocontrol are getting new insights as better alternative for sustainable agriculture production. Actinomycetes are filamentous and Gram- positive bacteria with a high G+C content comprises 10 to 50% of total soil microflora, and have

economic significance to the chemical, pharmaceutical and

agricultural industries. In complex soil conditions active compounds from actinomycetes could promote plant growth or protect plants against various pathogenic fungi and insects by various mechanisms. Selection of novel, active actinomycetes can be done by examining microbial rich natural sources like composts and organic amended agriculture soils. There is a growing interest in the use of secondary metabolites, such as toxins, proteins, hormones, vitamins, amino acids and antibiotics, from microorganisms, particularly from actinomycetes, for the 13

control of plant pathogens as these are readily degradable, highly specific and less toxic to nature. This talk will be focused on exploiting PGPR, especially on plant growth-promoting actinobacteria, isolated from various herbal vermicomposts and organically cultivated fields and their role on enhancing crop productivity of cereals (sorghum and rice) and legumes (chickpea and pigeonpea) and controlling insect pests and pathogens of these crops. Such broad spectrum plant growth-promoting actinobacteria can be promoted as safe, environmentally benign and low-cost technology for sustainable agricultural production.

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Impact of He-Ne laser-assisted in vitro breeding on germination, growth and agronomical characters of plants Muthusamy A1, Swathy PS 1, Kiran KR 1, Mahato KK 2, Satyamoorthy K3 1

Departments of Plant Sciences, 2Department of Biophysics, 3School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka - 576 104 [email protected]

Expanding human population, lack of water, land sources and global climatic conditions urge the scientific community to develop innovative and safer methods to boost the agricultural production. Use of traditional plant breeding methods as cross pollination and hybrid seed technology and the use of biotechnological tools to speed up the division have been well established in the previous years. The development of physical factors to influence the plant development and growth based on the increment of the energy balance through energy transformation has been studied since 1950s. Among the physical factors, low level laser has been a bio energetic source act as a bio stimulator which helps the plants to grown up with desired traits.

Role of laser in agriculture The pioneer experiment on ruby laser by Wilde et al. (1969) and He-Ne laser by Paleg and Aspinall (1970) proved its applicability to improve plant productivity and quality. More elaborated studies have been carried out since then, to improve the seed germination, plant growth and crop quality mainly due to the insufficient food and nutrients, climatic change, over population, decline in the food and water resources. Studies on Vigna radiata with Argon laser type showed the improvements in the fresh and dry weight, and the increased nucleotide and seed protein content (Govil et al. 1991). Influence of Nitrogen, dye and He-Ne laser on carbohydrate metabolism showed significant changes in Zea mays (Toth et al. 1993). As AlGa laser was capable of positively induce the growth and seed vigor of cucumber, wheat, maize (Hernandez et al. 2006). CO2 laser has been irradiated on the meristems of Echinochola crusgalli, as an alternative thermal method for the non-chemical control of weeds for weed control (Woltjen et al. 2008). First report of CO2 laser pretreatment to overcome drought stress in wheat was reported. The study showed the increased activities of anti-oxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD). In 15

another study on wheat, CO2 laser irradiation improved the physiological tolerance of wheat seedlings and improved the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanism under chilling stress (Chen et al. 2010). CO2 laser exposure reduced the effect of heavy metal stress, cadmium and lead on wheat seedlings with the significant changes in seed germination and seedling physiology. Use of diode laser on brinjal and sweet pepper positively influenced the plant size, growth, size, development and crop production. Diode laser pretreatment on canola under salinity stress improved the seed yield content (Mohammadi et al., 2012). The diode laser low level irradiation effectively diminished the seeds quantity infected with Fusarium species (Claudia et al. 2011). Nd:YAG laser have also been used in agriculture, with a wavelength of 532 nm on Synechococcus cedrorum shown the changes in the phytoplankton fluorescent spectra (Tsipenyu and Dimitry, 2000). In addition to Nd:YAG, diode and infra-red diode improved the proline content when Brassica napus plants was subjected under to salinity stress on Brassica napus (Ashrafijou et al., 2010). Semiconductor laser positively changed the seed germination on wheat (Dinoev, 2006) and stimulated coleoptiles length on bare-grained oat (Drozd and Szajsner, 2007).

He-Ne Laser

He-Ne laser consists of a mixture of Helium and Neon gas in a ratio of 10:1 at a low pressure in a glass envelope. The production starts with the collision of Helium electrons from the electrical discharge in the gas, results the excitement of Helium atoms from their ground state. The collision of these excited He atoms with the Neon atoms results in transfer of energy to the Neon atoms, which excite Neon atoms this is due to a coincidence of energy levels between the helium and neon atoms. When a sufficient number of Ne atoms reach the state, lasing take place with the emission of red laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm. He-Ne laser is one among the most studied and applied laser in the field of agriculture. From the pioneering work on lettuce, He-Ne laser has been shown tremendous effect on seed germination, seedling growth and various stress resistance/tolerance. The use of He-Ne laser over the conventional method is one among the best strategy to improve the growth potential of plants via enhancing the germination and growth attributes of the plant system. The present study thus evaluated the influence of laser on a unique variety of brinjal seeds and observed the significant influence on physiological, biochemical, agronomical characters and molecular responses in seeds, seedlings and plants (Muthusamy et al. 2012, Swathy et al. 2016, 2017). Conclusion 16

In our investigation, significant variations were noted in growth, physio-biochemical and agronomical characteristics of Solanum melongena L. var. Mattu Gulla, a variety of brinjal is of high economic value due to its unique color and flavor. The plants from the seeds irradiated with different doses of He-Ne laser showed significant enhancement on the growth characteristics when compared to the non-irradiated control groups. The pigment and photosynthetic contents were correlated with each other and showed higher in the laser irradiated groups over control. He-Ne laser irradiation also improved the yield characteristics of the plants significantly in

in vivo conditions in comparison with control group. The

current study thus elucidates the role of He-Ne laser as a bio-stimulator on brinjal. The details of our methodology and results will be presented and discussed.

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Metabolic Engineering of Crop Plants Dr. M. Manickavasagam Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024 [email protected]

The Exponential growth of human population necessitates a substantial increase in agricultural productivity. Metabolic engineering tool can be used to improve the quality, productivity and fitness of the agricultural crops. Metabolic engineering can be used to enhance nutritional value in crop plants by engineering metabolic pathways through genetic modification. Metabolic engineering involves the modification of endogenous metabolic pathways or the introduction of one or more genes to (1) enhance the production of a target compound, (2) reduce the levels of an undesirable molecule, or (3) change in the flux to induce the accumulation of active compound. Tocopherols are natural antioxidants which are exclusively synthesized by the photosynthetic organisms. Vitamin E is a collective form of unsaturated α-, β-, γ-, and δtocopherols and tocotrienols. The four isomers of vitamin E differ with respect to the number and position of the methyl substituents on the chromanol ring. The α-tocopherol has the maximum of three methyl substituents followed by β- and γ-tocopherol having two, whereas δ-tocopherol has only one substituent. Tocopherols act as recyclable chain terminators of free radicals which are generated by the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in biological membranes. Although all tocopherols and tocotrienols are potent antioxidants in vitro, αtocopherol is the most active form in terms of vitamin E activity in humans. The reason for such difference in activity is due to the presence of α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) in humans which shows maximum affinity towards α-tocopherol than other tocopherols and tocotrienols, and makes α-tocopherol retain in the human body. Medical evidence suggests that daily vitamin E supplementation in excess RDA (22.5 IU or 15 mg of α-tocopherol) results in decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, improved immune function, slowing of the progression of a number of degenerative human conditions associated with aging such as, cataracts, arthritis, and disorders of the nervous system. Usually, α-tocopherol is the predominant form found in leaves, while γ-tocopherol and tocotrienols accumulate to higher levels in seed of many plant species. Tocopherols are rich in oilseeds with an average of tenfold higher than other plant tissues. In the case of soybean, the 18

seeds generally contain relatively high concentration of γ-tocopherol (60–65% of the total) and δ-tocopherol (20–26 %) than α-tocopherol (7–10 %). In our investigation Sesame seed oil the α-tocopherol content was non traceable and the presence of γ-tocopherol is higher. It is a wellknown fact that α-tocopherol has the highest vitamin E activity compared to other tocopherols. The γ-tocopherol is the precursor molecule which produces α-tocopherol by the addition of one methyl group by γ-TMT. Even though soybean seeds possess the γ-TMT gene, only one tenth of γ-tocopherol is converted into α-tocopherol. Hence, improvement in γ-tocopherol to αtocopherol conversion is considered to be a promising research priority. This can be done by the genetic manipulation of the vitamin E biosynthetic pathway in soybean by the transfer and overexpression of γ-TMT gene under the control of a seed-specific promoter. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken with an objective of developing Indian soybean and Sesame cultivars with improved α-tocopherol content by means of transfer and overexpression of the γ-TMT gene. Our experiments with the over expression of γ-TMT gene significatly improved the α-tocopherol content. Isoflavones are synthesized as part of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The phenylpropanoid pathway has multiple branches common to legumes as well as non-legumes, which provide numerous compounds including lignins, anthocyanins, and certain classes of phytoalexins that have roles in normal development, as well as serving as protectants to many environmental stresses. Consumption of isoflavones is also associated with human health benefits such as decreased risk of heart disease, reduced menopausal symptoms, and reduced risk of some hormone-related cancers. Total daily consumption of isoflavones was estimated to be 32–35 mg/day. Even though soybeans and their food products represent the major dietary sources of isoflavones, still there is a necessity to improve the isoflavone content in soybean. Daidzin, Genistin, Daidstein and Genisten are the important forms of isoflavones among their derivatives. Isoflavonoids are synthesized by a legume specific branch of general phenyl propanoid pathway. In this pathway, Isoflavone synthase converts liquiritigenein and naringenin in to daidzein and geneistein respectively. Thus, it is desirable to over-express isoflavone synthase gene under the control of seed specific promoter, vicillin would result in soybean seeds with improved content of isoflavones. Our investigations reported that the expression of soybean IFS in soybean resulted in 3.16 fold increase in total isoflavones content.

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Technologies that Transformed Medicine Dr. V. Thirunavukkarasu Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641 046 [email protected]

Health is defined by the condition of physical, mental and social status of an individual. These are interlinked factors that could have huge impact on each other and play a major role in health care status of a nation. Ancient men focused mainly on physical and mental factors and determined appropriate life style that complemented their objectives. This very reason has kept diseases at bay and despite with lack of healthcare system, they were able to lead a long and healthy life. As civilizations evolved, the objectives of the population have seen drastic changes, which mainly centred on social status, while ignoring factors that determine the physical and mental health of an individual. This drift in focus have had severe impact on the health of the human beings, which led to emergence of diseases that were either lethal or affecting any of the above mentioned factors. Civilized populations have been fighting these diseases for very long time by employing various methods on trial and error basis and have practiced them as traditional medicine. Development of modern society and the opportunities for education has harmonized the practice of medicine among populations and has paved way for research on developing novel approaches for detecting and treatment of diseases. However, for very long time human beings have been depending upon symptom based diagnosis and limited treatment options available that had huge side effects. Since the turn of the century, modern medicine has improved in leaps and bounds. Currently, precise diagnosis and molecular characterization of diseases is possible. This achievement is solely attributed to emergence of modern technologies that have revolutionized the field of health care. Biotechnology, the youngest sibling of basic science, plays a major role in modern health care. Seminal works in this field have led to development of modern technologies that have transformed the field of medicine. Determining the information that flow through the central dogma of DNA to RNA into proteins has provided us with plenty of opportunities to understand the molecular pathology of the diseases and develop newer and specific drugs against these diseases. Deciphering the sequences of DNA is a powerful tool to study the flow of this information and has attained wide attention in last several decades. Cutting edge research in the field of biotechnology has pushed the boundaries and has delivered various methodologies that are employed to determine the sequence of a DNA. Human genome project, a challenging 20

task of determining the sequence of entire genome of human beings is one of the seminal achievements of our life time. Modern scientific research has played a major role to overcome the impeding factors and led to successful completion of this project. Most importantly, it resulted in development of newer and efficient technologies that helps in fast and comprehensive analysis of genome of a human being that contains all the information that flows through the central dogma. Next generation sequencing technologies have not only played a major role in complete genomic characterization of the diseases, but also have delivered a lot amount of molecular targets that play an important in development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat diseases. While DNA sequencing strategies have revolutionized disease diagnosis and its genetic characterization, recombinant DNA technologies particularly gene editing technologies have helped us in better understanding of the disease and its progression. Moreover, they have also played a major role in generating preclinical disease models on which newer drugs could be tested. Generation of ‘transgenic animals’ using these modern gene editing technologies have been very helpful not only in understanding the pathophysiology of a diseases but also in precisely determining the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drugs developed. Crispr-cas9 targeted gene editing technology is the recent most product of modern biotechnology that has helped in generating the most difficult transgenic lines and has transformed the field of molecular therapeutics.

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Bryophytes Dr. G. V. Kumar Department of Botany, Government Arts College for Men, Krishnagiri – 635 001 [email protected]

The importance of conserving and managing the biological wealth of this planet, as a foundation for sustainable development, is now well realized by scientists and indeed by the whole society in many parts of the world. This widespread concern has been recognized by almost all nations of the world in subscribing, at least in principle, to the Convention on Biological Diversity, and to Agenda 21 of the Earth Summit, which gives heavy emphasis to the need to improve collection, documentation, management and dissemination of scientific information on biodiversity. It has also made all of us to realize that biological systematics, hitherto regarded as "little science", "unimportant" and/or "classical", is badly in need of growing large and that too as soon as possible. The roughly 1.5 million species of living organisms known to date are probably fewer than 15% of the actual number, and by some estimates could be fewer than 2%. One of the groups of plants that have been highly neglected so far from the point of view of either surveys or inventories or scientific studies are the Bryophytes. They are the second largest group of land plants, widely distributed over the globe. They are a highly heterogeneous group and include three different divisions: the Liverworts (Hepaticopsida), Hornworts (Anthocerotopsida) and Mosses (Byropsida).

Medicinal Uses

Although Bryophytes were traditionally considered as plants of very little economic importance, they have not only many recorded ethnic uses but also have a great potential as they are remarkable reservoirs of several secondary metabolites. More than 250 novel compounds have been isolated from Bryophytes till now, and this group has been recognized by herbalists, tribals and peasant in Asia, Europe and North America from very ancient times. Species of Mnium, Philonotis and Bryum have been used as medicinal herbals for years. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is used as a medicine for boils and abscesses. The rosette forming Riccia spp., are used as an external application to cure ringworm. In traditional medicine 40 kinds of bryophytes have been used to treat illnesses of the cardio vascular system,

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tonsillitis, bronchitis, tympanitis, cystitis, as well as skin diseases and burns. Transgenic Physcomitrella are now being used to produce ‘blood-clotting factor IX’, for the treatment of ‘haemophilia’ B. Preparations of calcined peat have long been regarded as effective and cheap germicides; peat water possesses astringent and antiseptic properties. ‘Sphagnol’, a distillate of Peat Tar, is useful in eczema, psoriasis, pruritus, hemorrhoids, chilblains, scabies, acne and other forms of skin diseases, and is also beneficial for allaying irritation arising from insect bites. Sphagnum moss was used as an absorbent dressing and during First World War Japanese used this as first aid dressing material due to its absorbent qualities superior to cotton and for its antibiotic qualities. Bryophytes are almost free from attack by microorganism. Conocephalum conicum, Dumortiera hirsuta, Sphagnum pertoricense and S. strictum show antifungal activity against the fungus Candida albicans. Sphagnum inhibited the growth of the bacteria Staphylococuss aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Kumar 2002). The alcoholic and acidic extracts of Polytrichum juniperinum showed antitumer activity against carcinoma caused by Sarcoma. Bryophytes are used in traditional Chinese medicine as pain killers, antiseptic and anti-diarrhoeal agents and as expectorants, astringents and preservatives (Kumar 2002). Some are excellent sources of vitamins.

Ecological Uses

Bryophytes are invaluable constituents of many different ecosystems, in spite of their small size and total biomass. Their abundance and significance in pioneer successional stages have long been widely recognized and they also play a major role in climax communities. Some bryophytes grow only in a narrow and specific pH range and, therefore, their presence can be used as an indicator of soil pH. Bryophytes spread on the forest floor and tree trunks retain and preserve moisture. They prevent soil erosion due to their trample resistant structure and their regenerative ability. They provide excellent seeding beds for a variety of forest tree species. This is due to the role of bryophytes in providing moisture, appropriate temperature, and also organic matter and minerals after the death of bryophytes. Thus, bryophytes play an important role in the maintenance and replenishment of forest cover. Minerals supplied by rain, by leaching of the canopy, and by through fall are trapped by bryophytes. Thus, bryophytes play an important role in retaining minerals. Mosses easily accumulate K, Ca and Mg from rainfall. Bryophytes also play an important role in iron ore deposition. Nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient for plant growth, especially in cold regions of the northern hemisphere. Mosses and 23

Liverworts provide suitable substrates for the biological fixation of nitrogen especially in artic and subartic ecosystems.

Bioindicators

During the last two decades the role of Bryophytes (especially Mosses) as environmental indicators has been emphasized. The functional problems in environmental health can be obtained only through biomonitoring at the level of communities and ecosystems. Liverworts and mosses have been found to be good indicators of environmental conditions. Certain moss species are capable of coping with the polluted condition pretty well and sometimes even mange to gain out of the fussy and altered atmosphere as a result of human activities e.g. agriculture, urbanization, industrialization and pollution. Mosses are especially suitable for biological monitoring, since they satisfy the basic criteria like (i) readily accumulating air borne pollutants (ii) containing levels of pollutants in their tissue which vary as a function of the distance from the source (iii) being sensitive in their morphology to significant changes in pollution levels (Kumar and Krishnamurty 2007). Some mosses are very sensitive to pollution and show visible symptoms of injury even in the presence of minute quantities of pollution; such types serve a good bioindicators. The other types of mosses have capacity to absorb and retain pollutants in quantities much higher than those observed by other plants; thus they trap and prevent recycling of such pollutants in the ecosystem for different periods of time. Since mosses are good indicators for determining the health of the environment, the ecological status of the habitats is estimated using these mosses as bioindicators. Mosses are also good indicators of acid rain. The occurrence of certain aquatic mosses can be used as an indicator of calcium and nutrient content in water.

Horticultural Uses

There is a long tradition of use of bryophytes in horticulture as soil additives, ornamental material for cultivation, Landscaping, important element for bonsai, green house plants and indoor ornamental plants etc.

24

Industrial Uses

Liverworts and mosses have long been tried and used as a fuel. Peat is suitable for production of low and intermediate BTU gas as well as hydrogen, ethylene, natural gas, methanol and gasoline The physical structure of peat is highly absorbent and permeable and it has been found to absorb metals, and therefore, Sphagnum is used as an effective filtering and adsorption agent for the treatment of waste water and effluent of factories with acid and toxic discharge containing heavy metals (Ag, Cu, Cd, Hg, Fe, Sb and Pb), and organic substances such as oils, detergents, dyes and microorganisms. Sphagnum is an excellent material for shipment of plants and fresh vegetables and flowers, for hydrophonics gardening, and for storage of roots and bulbs. Till now only 14,000 species of Bryophytes have been described, while the conservative estimate of all available species is 30,000 i.e. only less than 50% of the Bryophytes have been described till now. Therefore, there is an urgent need to survey and document the Bryophytes of the world, and also to expedite the same at national, regional and local levels. Also there is lots of scope for research in different accepts of bryophytes where they are still unexplored.

25

Ecological importance of bamboo in carbon sequestration for mitigation of global warming and climate change Arul Pragasan L, Gnanambal T, Vidhya R Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046 [email protected]

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a very effective greenhouse gas that absorbs infrared radiation emitted from earth’s surface. When the concentration of CO2 increases in the atmosphere the average temperature of Earth’s lower atmosphere rises. This process is referred to as global warming (Selin, 2017). The warm earth`s surface radiates infrared radiation (IR), greenhouse gases absorb IR leaving the surface, then they get energized and emit more (IR) radiation. Some of this IR returns to the earth surface, warming it further, and this process is called the “Greenhouse effect” (Latake et al., 2015). Combustion of fossil fuel and changes in land use and land cover, such as those resulting from deforestation, are considered as the primary causes for the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 (Li et al., 2015). Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations are thought to be one of the main drivers of global climate change (Song et al., 2017). In response to growing concerns about climate change resulting from increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere, considerable interest has been drawn to the possibility of increasing the rate of carbon sequestration through changes in land use and forestry and also through geoengineering techniques such as carbon capture and storage (Selin, 2017). A technique or natural process used to reduce the atmospheric CO2 and mitigate the global warming and climate change through long term storage of carbon in plants, soils, geological formations and the ocean (Selin, 2017). Transfer of atmospheric CO2 into biotic and pedologic carbon pools is called terrestrial carbon sequestration (Lal, 2007). Forests being renowned as an important component of Carbon cycle and have gained importance owing to its potential to sequester Carbon (Sheikh et al., 2014). The bigger the plant, the more CO2 it absorbs and trees are the most obvious large plant species (Li, 2013). In this respect, bamboo helps to store more carbon due to the long structure of bamboo leaves. Bamboo can grow faster than many trees. It growing up to 1.2 meters per day. It has high capacity for long term storage of carbon (Nath et al., 2015). Bamboo is woody stemmed grass belonging to the sub-family Bambusoideae of the family Poaceae. Bamboo is an important forest type in tropical and subtropical areas. They are

26

distributed across about 31.5 million ha of land, the equivalent of 0.8% of the world's total ‘‘forested" area (Yuen et al., 2017). It is stronger than steel, and its roots can reduce soil erosion by up to 75 percent (Abutu, 2010). This amazing plant grows in tropical and temperate environments and no need for pesticides or herbicides to grow well. It is a type of grass and grows from its roots when it is cut it quickly grows back with most species maturing in 3-5 years. Bamboo forests play an important role as far as carbon sequestration is concerned. As a major non-wood forest product and wood substitute, bamboo is of increasing interest to ecologists owing to its rapid growth and correspondingly high potential for mitigating climate change. Compared with other types of forests, the bamboo forests generate different ecosystem services, such as carbon storage, and water and soil conservation because of their special root reporting regeneration strategy and selective cutting utilization system. Besides, bamboo forests also aid in cleaning air, reducing noise pollution and maintaining wildlife biodiversity. Their carbon sequestration potential and other services can be enhanced by their proper management (Sheikh et al., 2014).

Bamboo is the best solution for contenting the global warming in many ways: 

Bamboo absorbs CO2 and releases oxygen into the atmosphere 3 to 4 times higher than many other trees.



One bamboo tree generates plenty of natural oxygen sufficient for more than one human being’s daily requirement.



Grows more than one foot a day and covers with good canopy faster than any other tree and cooling the surroundings.



CO2 absorption of bamboo remains same since Bamboo keeps growing every year while other trees reach maturity after a fixed period.



Every part of the bamboo is used to make varieties of products.



Bamboo can replace the wood for all applications such as paper, flooring, furniture, charcoal, etc.



Bamboo enriches the soil naturally and prevents soil erosion.

Role of bamboo in carbon sequestration:

27

Bamboos play a vital role in carbon sequestration. It can sequester carbon faster than similar fast-growing tree species. Bamboo captures and stores (through the process of carbon sequestration) biomass quickly and creates the opportunity to maintain and increase carbon stocks in its biomass (Shailesh, 2011).It has been observed that bamboos can capture and sequester a significant amount of atmospheric carbon and consequently help in mitigating climate change, in a similar way that forests do (Giri et al., 2015). They sequester carbon through photosynthesis, and lock carbon in the fiber of the bamboo and in the soil where it grows. Microorganism cycle triggers the process of plant growth and subsequently carbon sequestration process. They can fix CO2 by light-driven (Photo autotrophy) and geochemically driven (Litho autotrophy) reactions (Shailesh, 2011). Bamboo’s other advantage is that it has great strength and flexibility, making it an ideal low-cost building material in areas where it is a native. This means that bamboo in a plantation can regularly be chopped down and used to build houses and other structures, where the carbon remains sequestered for an average of 80 years, and that the plantation will recover quickly due to the fast growth rate (Li, 2013). Bamboo is not only an important part of many natural and agricultural ecosystems, providing a number of ecosystem services such as food, fodder furniture, construction material, soil conservation and ecosystem stability, but also a carbon sink as well (Giri et al., 2015). Perhaps even more important, the CO2 emissions thought to be responsible for global warming and the threat to biodiversity, bamboo produces more than 35% more oxygen than trees. Research in Japan and elsewhere has demonstrated that bamboo can absorb as much as 12 tonnes of CO2 per hectare per year, giving the plant a potentially crucial role in stabilizing our planet's atmosphere. However, there is lack of research in India, particularly on carbon sequestration potential of bamboo. At the current scenario, young Indian scientists have a high research opportunity on carbon sequestration potential of bamboo with a prime goal of mitigation of global warming and climate change.

28

DNA methylation suppression by BYVMV Dr. P. Gopal Department of Plant Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625 021 [email protected]

Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV) belongs to the monopartite begomovirus associated with the β satellite. As a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus, it should be amenable to transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing (TGS and PTGS). Previously, we had demonstrated C2, C4 and βC1 to be having different levels of influence on PTGS. Hence in the present study, a series of experiments such as agroinfiltration, chop-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and bisulfite next-generation sequencing (NGS) was designed to analyze the involvement of BYVMV proteins on DNA methylation suppression. From the preliminary studies, we concluded that BYVMV genes were responsible for TGS suppression and C2, C4 genes from BYVMV were selected for further studies. Agroinfiltration experiments with mutant C2 and C4 partial tandem repeat (PTR) constructs of BYVMV have confirmed the role of C2 and C4 in DNA methylation impairment. The protoplast replication assay has shown that C4 was not an impediment for viral DNA replication and subsequent agroinfiltration studies with the C4 mutant BYVMV PTR construct have revealed the involvement of C4 in viral DNA movement.

29

Taxonomic Key: A tool for plant identification Dr. R. Sivalingam Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641 046 [email protected]

Plants exhibit various features that help in their identification. Even a casual observer will be able to distinguish between different life forms of the plants i.e. Trees, Shrubs, Climbers and Herbs. A little keen observation will enable a person to find whether a particular plant remains green throughout the year or sheds all its leaves during winters. Still closure scrutiny of the plants would show different shapes and sizes of leaves, flowers and fruits. Some plants emit typical and unforgetful odour, while some plants are typified by the sap they ooze on injury. Over a period of time the repeated exposure to plants enables us to distinguish one plant from the other just by association without actually feeling the need to compare their identifying features. It is, just as we distinguish one person from the other just by association and without actually having the need to compare them feature by feature. Identification is a basic activity and one of the primary objectives of systematics. Although identification is a separate activity or process, in practice it involves both classification and nomenclature. Identification is simply the determination of the similarities or differences between two elements, i.e., two elements are the same or they are different. The comparison of an unknown plant with a named specimen and the determination that the two elements are the same also involves classification, i.e., when one correctly decides that an unknown belongs to the same group (species, genus, family., etc.) as a known specimen, the information stored in classification systems becomes available and applicable to the material at hand. Identification of plants also means knowledge and use of their correct names. In any locality, the plants have been given names in the local vernacular. This local nomenclature is

30

based on some key character or use of the plants. However, this local name changes from language to language and locality to locality. Take the example of Pomegranate. It is called Anar in Hindi, Dadu in Himachali, Dadima in Sanskrit, Dalmia in Bengali, Daalimbe in Kannada, Maadhulai in Tamil, Matalam in Malayalam, etc. Similarly, it also happens that same local name is given to different plants in different localities. For example, the local name Shankhapushpi is used for at least four different plants in different areas of the country. The internationally accepted scientific system of nomenclature uses binomial method to name the plants and provides for standardized names for every plant entity so that any plant could be identified by the same name anywhere in the world. The binomial method is based on the premise that the total diversity of plant species could be arranged into groups of species showing some similarities. A group of plants showing close proximity to each other is called a genus. Each different plant in this group is called a species. Let's take the example of our common Sacred basil. Its scientific name (binomial) is Ocimum tenuiflorum. However, there are many other plants that show many similarities to our common Sacred basil but differ in life form, colour, shape and aroma of leaves etc. As an example, Ocimum americanum, the common, lemon-smelling weed that usually found in fallow lands across the country and Ocimum gratissimum, the shrubby plant with clove-smelling leaves show some similarities with the Sacred basil to be in the same genus but are distinct enough to be treated as different species. Both processes identification and classification--involve comparison and judgment and require a definition of criteria of similarities. Identification is, therefore, a basic process in classification with nomenclature playing an essential role in the retrieval of information and as a means of communication. ." In practice one commonly identifies a plant by direct comparison or the use of keys and arrives at a name.

31

The beginners may start appreciating and differentiating the plants in their surroundings on the basis of the following broad features: Identifying features & Key to the features. A. Life form (habit): Whether the plant is tree, shrub, climber or herb. B. Status of foliage: Whether the plant a) remains green throughout the year (evergreen) or b) sheds leaves during summer (deciduous). C. Type of bark: Whether the bark is smooth, fissured, flaky, etc. D. Leaf type: Whether the leaves are simple, or compound. And if compound, whether the leaves are a) pinnately compound or digitately compound. E. Leaf shape: Whether the leaf blade is a) lance like (spear shaped), b) hen's egg like (ovate), c)

grass leaf like (linear), d) kidney shaped, e) heart shaped (cordate), etc.

F. Leaf margins: Whether the leaf margins are a) entire, b) irregularly toothed, c) regularly toothed (serrated), d) rolled inwardly (recurved), etc. G. Flowering season: Whether the plant flowers a) during summer, b) during monsoon, c) twice a year, d) all through the year. H. Inflorescence: Whether the flowers borne a) singly, b) in clusters, c) in spikes I. Flower colour: Red, pink, white, yellow, blue, others J. Fruit type: Whether the fruit is a) drupe (fleshy fruit with a single hard stone), b) pod (long cylindrical fruit), c) berry (fleshy fruit with many small seeds), d) capsule (dry fruit formed of two or more fused carpels), etc. K Seed: The type of seeds, shape, presence or absence of hairs,surface, winged or not, etc. L Other characters: Types of exudations (latex) and its colour; spiny nature of plants; any specific underground parts and their characters; presence or absence of hairs on different plant parts; fleshiness of plant parts; aroma of leaves, flowers, etc.; presence or absence of glands, wings, lenticels, etc. on different plant parts.

32

Index 33

APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY – ORAL

S.NO. 1.

CODE BABS18-OP-1

TITLE A new model for desiccation tolerance in Pteridophytes.

PAGE 59.

Sharath chandra RG and Azeddine Driouich 2.

BABS18-OP-2

Pea p68, a DEAD-box helicase, enhances salt tolerance in marker-free transgenic plants of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill].

60.

Karthik S and Manickavasagam M 3.

BABS18-OP-3

Molecular cloning and overexpression of a novel thermostable lipase gene from thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovorans KL3 in E.coli.

61.

Glarlin Sunil, Selvakumar Sakthivel, Bong Ki Moon, Jong Min Kim, Si Wouk Kim and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan 4.

BABS18-OP-4

Isolation and characterization of cell wall loosening gene from Saccharum complex during water deficit stress . Ashwin Narayan J, Dharshini S, Manoj VM, Sarath Padmanabhan TS, Subramonian N, Premachandran MN and Appunu C

62.

5.

BABS18-OP-5

Identification of genes associated with egg production in Indian domestic ducks using transcriptome analysis.

63.

Bhavana K, Surachandra Singha H, Sankaralinkam S, Jesna Jose, Kamalakkannan R, Vandana R Prabhu and Nagarajan M 6.

7.

BABS18-OP-6

A comparative gut metagenome study of Gaur and Mithun

64.

BABS18-OP-7

Vandana R Prabhu, Wasimuddin, Arjun Suresh, Kamalakkannan R and Nagarajan M Anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant and amyloid β antiaggregation and disaggregation potential of dihydroactinidiolide: In vitro and In silico studies.

65.

Mamali Das and Kasi Pandima Devi

34

8.

BABS18-OP-8

Development of biochemical markers for screening resistant genotypes of coffee against coffee white stem borer (Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat).

66.

Vasuki R, Jayalakshmi V, Muthu Pechi S and Ganesh D 9.

BABS18-OP-9

Establishment of Adventitious root cultures in Trichosanthes cucumerina L. var. cucumerina for the production of cucurbitacin B.

67.

Deepa JM and Sudha CG 10.

BABS18-OP-10

Influence of different culture parameters on In vitro normal root cultures of Pyrenacantha volubilis Hook and estimation of camptothecin biosynthesis after elicitation.

68.

Hima S, Midhu CK and Satheeshkumar K 11.

BABS18-OP-11

Stress induced camptothecin enhancement in multiple shoot cultures of Ophiorrhiza pectinata Arn. using biotic and abiotic elicitors.

69.

Midhu CK, Hima S and Satheeshkumar K 12.

BABS18-OP-12

An efficient In vitro protocol for the production of anthraquinones from Gynochthodes umbellate (L.) Razafim & B. Bremer.

70.

Anjusha S and Gangaprasad A 13.

BABS18-OP-13

Antioxidant potential of polymer encapsulated mustard oil nanoemulsion

71.

Deeksha S, Bhuvaneshwari V, Aravind C, Karthik kumar D, and Chandrasekaran M 14.

15.

BABS18-OP-14

BABS18-OP-15

Preliminary phytochemical analysis and evaluation of biological potentialities of stem bark of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Saravanan B, AthiraMohanan, Sasi Kala N, and Ramasubbu R Synthesis, characterization and agriculture application of hybrid chitosan calcium oxide nanoparticles (Chi-Cao Nps) Tharani PV, Priya Dharshini LC, Ranjithkumar R, Balaganesh AS, and Chandar Shekar B 35

72.

73.

16.

BABS18-OP-16

mtDNA cytochrome b gene diversity of Indian domestic sheep breeds

74.

Ranganathan Kamalakkannan, Vandana R, Prabhu and Muniyandi Nagarajan 17.

BABS18-OP-17

Micropropagation and phytochemical analysis of Ocimum basilicum L. using nodal explants

75.

Karthikeyan AVP, Suguna S and Sudan I 18.

BABS18-OP-18

Impact of plant growth regulators and organic fertilizer on growth and biochemical composition of Trigonella foenum-graceum L.

76.

Balakrishnan M, Arunprasath A and Indhumathi M

APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY– POSTER

S NO. 19.

CODE

TITLE

BABS18-PP-1

Biofilm destruction ability of essential oil isolated from Vitex negundo L.

PAGE 78.

Elanthendral D 20.

BABS18-PP-2

Molecular identification and physiological response of resurrection Bryophyte to desiccation stress.

79.

Ramyashree C, Banupriya TG and Sharathchandra RG 21.

BABS18-PP-3

Desiccation tolerant Selaginella kanehirae exhibits differences in monosaccharaide composition in the cell wall at different stages

80.

Yathisha NS, Barbara Plancot, Sharathchandra RG, Azeddine Driouich, Bruno Gugi and Muriel Bardor 22.

BABS18-PP-4

Agrobacterium rizogenes mediated hairy root culture induction from Hybanthus enneapermus (L.) F. Muell For L-dopa production SelvamSathish and Manickavasagam M

36

81.

23.

BABS18-PP-5

Agrobacterium-mediated in planta genetic transformation of Pisum sativum L. improved by sonication and vacuum infiltration

82.

Ajithan C and Manickavasagam M 24.

BABS18-PP-6

Assessment of factor influencing the Agrobacteriummediated in planta seed transformation of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

83.

Elayaraja Dhandapani and Manickavasagam M 25.

BABS18-PP-7

Improved PCR amplification of soil microbial community DNA co-extracted with PCR inhibitors

84.

Sowndariya A, Selvakumar Sakthivel, Bong Ki Moon, Jong Min Kim, Si Wouk Kim and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan 26.

BABS18-PP-8

Histidine containing phospho transfer 4 (HPT4) isolated from Saccharum spontaneum acts as a key signalling molecule in response to multiple stress conditions

85.

Dharshini S, Manoj VM, Ashwin Narayan J, Sarath Padmanabhan TS and Appunu C 27.

BABS18-PP-9

Ectopic expression of choline oxidase (codA) gene through genetic engineering to develop drought tolerant Sugarcane

86.

Bhavadharani D, Ashwin Narayan J, Valarmathi R and Appunu C 28.

BABS18-PP-10

Analysis in blood sample collection for gene amplification

87.

Aishwarya Amirdharaj S, Vijaykumar J and Afrin R Abisheik 29.

BABS18-PP-11

In-vitro propagation of endangered tree sps Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Bedd.) Warb from Southern Western Ghats

88.

Marimuthu E and Muthuchelian K 30.

BABS18-PP-12

In-silico characterization of stress responsive ALDH 7B4 from Erianthus arundinceous SwathikClarancia P, Ashwin Narayan J and Appunu C

37

89.

31.

BABS18-PP-13

FT-IR fingerprinting & screening of different endophytic

90.

fungal isolates obtained from three Mangrove plants for the presence of antibacterial activities and five different biodegrading enzymes Jisha Daniel and Renosh Tom Varghese K 32.

BABS18-PP-14

In vitro propagation of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth – An important medicinal plant using nodal explants

91.

Vignesh M and Senthilkumar M 33.

BABS18-PP-15

Study on using plant extracts against the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera on Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato)

92.

Emgiyaar M, Mirunalini Raj V, Arunagiri V, Ravi G and Sundararajan G 34.

BABS18-PP-16

Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Amf) on phytoremediating potential and yield of Sunflower in cadmium chloride (Cd Cl2) and lead nitrate [Pb (No3)2] polluted soils

93.

Palanisamy K, Deepa M and Lenin M 35.

BABS18-PP-17

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using essential oils of Artemesia vulgaris as reducing agent to evaluate the antibacterial potential against infectious bacteria

94.

Rathish Kumar S and Priya S 36.

BABS18-PP-18

Pollination biology of Anisomeles Malabarica (L.) R. Br. (Lamiaceae)

95.

Karuppa Samy K, Karthik Raja M and Ramasubbu R 37.

BABS18-PP-19

Chemical composition of essential oil isolated from the leaves of Psidium cattleianum sabine and its biological potentialities Tamil Selvi, Tamil Nila M, Sasi Kala N and Ramasubbu R

38

96.

38.

BABS18-PP-20

Emerging approaches in fermentative production of stains by filamentous fungi

97.

Naman Gupta, Sudheer Kumar Singh and Ashok Pandey 39.

BABS18-PP-21

Genetic and pharmacological toxicity - protective measures

98.

Ponnan Arumugam, Kulanthaiyesu Arunkumar, Marudhamuthu Murugan and Kadarkarai Murugan 40.

BABS18-PP-22

Isolation of Lectin from Ganoderma lucidum

99.

Kumaran S, Senthil K and Kumar M 41.

BABS18-PP-23

Indirect organogenesis of C. gynandra L. using leaf explants

100.

Sudan I and Karthikeyan AVP 42.

BABS18-PP-24

Polysaccharide extraction from marine algae and their potential growth promoting activity in Trigonella foenumgraecum

101.

Ashitha Sugunan and GurusaravananPackiaraj 43.

BABS18-PP-25

Effect of different soil types on growth and productivity of red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).

102.

Kavitha JR and Bharathi Murugesan 44.

BABS18-PP-26

Impact of diethyl sulphonate M1 attributes in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

103.

Parvathi S, Palanivel S, Muniappan V, Prabakaran V, Rajeswari G and Manivel P 45.

BABS18-PP-27

Callus induction and amino acid profiling in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

104.

Palanivel S, Parvathi S, Muniappan V and Veerappan R 46.

BABS18-PP-28

Mass propagation of Oldenlandia biflora L. from the shoot tip BiulaPreethi C, Velayutham P, Karthi C and Saranya S

39

105.

47.

BABS18-PP-29

Adsorption of dyes on activated carbon using Nyctanthes arbortristis

106.

Vijaya Lakshmi N, Kavin D, Chaithra RA, Raj Kumar and Manimekalan A

CELL SIGNALLING – ORAL

S. NO 48. 1 .

CODE BABS18-OP-19

TITLE

PG.NO

Modulatory effect of isopulegol on hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in high fat diet/streptozotocin and induced diabetic rats.

108.

Kalaivani K and Sankaranarayanan C 49. 2 .

BABS18-OP-20

Evaluating the anti-cancer potential of thymol against nonsmall cell lung cancer

109.

Jaya Balan D and Pandima Devi K 50. 3 .

BABS18-OP-21

Encapsulation and characterization of naproxen loaded diatom nanoparticles for In-vitro gastrointestinal delivery

110.

Pavithra K, Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan, Bong Ki Moon, Jong Min Kim, Si Wouk Kim and Selvakumar Sakthivel 51. 4 .

BABS18-OP-22

α-bisabolol β-D-fucopyranoside as a multi-target drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

111.

MahalingamJeyakumar and KasiPandima Devi 52. 5 .

BABS18-OP-23

Identification and prediction of deleterious snps in ptprc and tnfrsf1a genes causing multiple sclerosis and their structural analysis through In-silico approach RathishKumar S, Jeslin Cheriyan Thomas and Tamilarasi G

40

112.

53. 6 .

BABS18-OP-24

Isolation Of endophytic Fungi from the medicinal plant Cyclea peltata and their antimicrobial activity

113.

Aswathy. V 54. 7 .

BABS18-OP-25

Role of Phyllanthus emblica wood in water purificationphysical, chemical and bacteriological analysis.

114.

Sooryakanth B 55.

BABS18-OP-26

Effect of biochar on negating the antibiotic effect on soil bacterial population

115.

Ilamathi KP, Murugesan K, Wong JWC and Selvam A 56.

BABS18-OP-27

Comparative analysis of extracellular alkaline protease production from Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.

116.

AnishaMol, Selvakumar Sakthivel, GeunHo Gim, Seo Sun Il, Si Wouk Kim and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan 57.

BABS18-OP-28

Enhanced bioethanol production from sono and microwave -assisted alkali pretreated corn stover

117.

Anju, K R, Selvakumar Sakthivel, GeunHo Gim, Ki Moon Bong, Si Wouk Kim, and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan 58.

BABS18-OP-29

Light and scanning electron microscopic studies on the effect of Trachyspermum ammi on Cotylophoron cotylophorum

118.

Manigandan C, Shettu N and Veerakumari L 59.

BABS18-OP-30

Induction of systemic resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum l.) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cicer is through plant defense activators Muralisankar P, Vanitha S, Kamalakannan A, Anantha Raju P and Jeyakumar P

41

119.

60.

BABS18-OP-31

In-silico and In-vivo antihepatotoxic activity of Portulaca quadrifida

120.

Rathish Kumar S and Bhuvaneshwari S 61.

BABS18-OP-32

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Actiniopteris radiata (sw.) In-vitro study and its role against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in mice

121.

Rathish Kumar S, Muralidharan S and Keerthana V 62.

BABS18-OP-33

Biofilm inhibition activity and antibacterial activity of Alpinia galanga rhizome extract against gram positive organism isolated from upper respiratory tract

122.

Manimekalai Kanagarajan and Teepica PriyaDarsini 63.

BABS18-OP-34

Studies on the nutritive content in diseased tomato

123.

Hannah Selvakumari A and Wesely EG 64.

BABS18-OP-35

Growth rate of Koi fish by using different natural (apple, potato, and eartthworm)

124.

Kavitha R, Mahendran V and Varun Raja D 65.

BABS18-OP-36

Anti-obesity effect of Terminalia chebula extract on high fat diet induced obese mouse Mus booduga

125.

Ramya Subramani and Selvakumar Subramaniam 66.

BABS18-OP-37

Effect of ethanol extract of Trachyspermum ammi on malate dehydrogenase of Haemonchus controtus Sathish Kumar S and Veerakumari L

42

126.

CELL SIGNALLING – POSTER

S.NO. 67.

CODE

TITLE

PAGE

BABS18-PP-30

Morphological and cell wall compositional changes modulated responses to desiccation in Selaginelladelicatula

128.

Akash D, Yathisha NS, Sharathchandra1 RG, Barbara Plancot, Azeddine Driouich, Bruno Gugi and Muriel Bardor 68.

BABS18-PP-31

Citral a monoterpene aldehyde from lemon grass oil mitigates Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) - induced hepatotoxicityin albino rats

129.

Deepa Balasubramaniam and Denci Sahayam 69.

BABS18-PP-32

PUM1 promotes ovarian cancer proliferation, migration and invasion

130.

Sharmila Lakshmi TV 70.

BABS18-PP-33

Detection of Pathogens in drinking water through fold scope

131.

Sheelasobana rani K and Lavanya R 71.

BABS18-PP-34

Analysis of antibiotic resistance of air-borne bacteria isolated from laboratory environment

132.

AmithaNanggia R, Sharmilee S, Priya Darshini G, Priyadharshini S and Vinitha S 72.

BABS18-PP-35

Beyond Proteostasis: Roles of Type I chaperonins in bacterial pathogenesis

133.

Saikishorer, Karthikeyan S and Aashiq N 73.

BABS18-PP-36

Production and Purification of keratinase enzyme from poultry waste Akila R and Manju R

43

134.

74.

BABS18-PP-37

Biodegradation of endosulfan (Chlorinated Cyclodiene Pesticide) by indigenous Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01

135.

Haritha H, Anisha M, Selvakumar Sakthivel and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan 75.

BABS18-PP-38

Methyl orange dye degradation by immobilized Bacillus sp. and Aeromonassp.in Lab Scale Batch Reactor (LSBR): A Kinetic Study

136.

Sradha S, Sneha HS, Selvakumar Sakthivel and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan 76.

BABS18-PP-39

Efficacy of Gracilaria salicornia on lactate dehydrogenase of Indian major carp, Catla catla.

137.

Naveen Kishore S and Shettu N 77.

BABS18-PP-40

Electricity from polymer degradation

138.

Denishakantesaria, Suja M 78.

BABS18-PP-41

Hypoglycemic effect of Momordica charantia polysaccharide in alloxan - induced diabetic mice

139.

Krishnagaanth M, Xin xu, Bin shan, cai-hu liao 79.

BABS18-PP-42

Study about Mdr- Efflux pump protein from Klebsiella Pneumonia

140.

RohinKarthik J, Indhukumar T and Arun Kumar 80.

BABS18-PP-43

Plastic degradation by wax worms

141.

Santhiya K, Madhumathi R and Anusha 81.

BABS18-PP-44

Biological control of chickpea pod borer,

142.

Helicoverpaarmiger(Hubner) Mirunalini Raj, Emgiyaar M, Arunagiri V, Ravi G, and Sundararajan G 82.

BABS18-PP-45

Antidiabetic activity of Artemesia vulgaris against streptozotocin induced In-vivo Studies Rathish KumarS and Hariharan,Y

44

143.

83.

BABS18-PP-46

Chronic Kidney Disease

144.

Anusha R and Karunya S 84.

BABS18-PP-47

Combine treatment of Emodin and Beberine alleviates breast cancer growth through inhibition of mTOR and AKT1 signaling

145.

Lavanya Ponnusamy and Ravi Manoharan 85.

BABS18-PP-48

Understanding the impact of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi infection using the model system Caenorhabditis elegans

146.

Boopathi Balasubramaniam, Lappasi Mohanram Venkata Krishna and Krishnaswamy Balamurugan 86.

BABS18-PP-49

Toxic effect of monocrotophos on various species – A review

147.

Karthika Durairaj 87.

BABS18-PP-50

Neurotoxic effect of monocrotophos- An insecticide

148.

Vinithra Ponnusamy 88.

BABS18-PP-51

Physiological and biochemical alterations of PEGmediated osmopriming and hormonal response in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)

149.

Jothimani K and Arulbalachandran D

ETHANOBOTANY- ORAL

S.NO. 89. 1 .

CODE

TITLE

PAGE

BABS18-OP-38

Exogenous Abscisic acid mediated morphological characteristics, biochemical analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ADT-45 under drought

151.

Ramachandran M and Arulbalachandran D 90. 2 .

BABS18-OP-39

Edible, medicinal and carcinogenic Pteridophytes: An overview Baskaran Xavier- ravi, Zhang Shouzhou, Liao Wenbo, Rajan Kilimas, and Geo Vigila Antony-Varuvel 45

152.

91. 3 .

BABS18-OP-40

The genus Eugenia P. Micheli Ex L. (Myrtaceae) of Tamil nadu.

153.

Anjana Surendran and Ramasubbu R 92. 4 .

BABS18-OP-41

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Thanjavur and its surrounding (Tamil Nadu- India).

154.

Rajalakshmi S, Vijayakumar SS and Arulmozhi P 93. 5 .

BABS18-OP-42

Wood density of one hundred tropical tree species of Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.

155.

Arunkumar M and Udayakumar M 94. 6 .

BABS18-OP-43

Microrhizome induction in Etlingera fenzlii (Kurz) Skronick.& M.Sabu (Zingiberaceae) - the honey bee repellent endemic plant species of the Andaman Nicobar Islands.

156.

Anju Sudhakaran, Aswathy Anand A and Radha RK 95. 7 .

BABS18-OP-44

Karyomorphological studies on seven variants of Clitoria ternatea L. (Fabaceae).

157.

Shamnad J and Mathew DanShamnad J 96. 8 .

BABS18-OP-45

Surveillance of fleas and the other ectoprasities on rodents in Madurai district, south Tamil Nadu, India.

158.

Rajamannar V and Philip Samuel P 97. 9 .

BABS18-OP-46

A study on the vegetation of Kurunthamalai Hills and micropropagation of rare species of Cheilanthus farinosa (Forsk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae.

159.

Prabakaran R, Kavitha R, and Kavitha T 98. 1 0

BABS18-OP-47

Tree density, species richness and diversity of tropical thorn forest, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu.

160.

Anishla T and Udayakumar M 99. 1 1 .

BABS18-OP-48

A study on leaf traits of 25 tropical thorn forest woody plants, Tamil Nadu. Evitex Izayas J and Udayakumar M

46

161.

100. 2 .

BABS18-OP-49 1

Studies on the influence of human land use pattern on mosquito population dynamics in different ecosystems at Palani. Manikandan P, Chandrasekaran S

101. 3 .

BABS18-OP-50 1

Kamala

Dhasan

N

162.

and

Micropropagation of Syzygium Densiflorum Wall. Ex Wight & Amp; Arn – an alternative method of conservation.

163.

Saranya Surendran and Ramasubbu R 102. 4 .

BABS18-OP-51 1

Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of extracts of lichen species collected from Kodaikanal hills, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu.

164.

Kalidoss R, Arun Prasath K, Mariraj M, Shenbagam M, Rajaprabu N, Karthik N and Ponmurugan P 103. 5

BABS18-OP-52 1

Bioconversion of garden waste, kitchen waste and cow dung into value-added products using earthworm Eisenia foetida, and E. euginea

165.

Kavitha JR, Kokila M and Earnest Dhayalan

ETHANO BOTANY - POSTER S.NO 104.

TITLE

PAGE

Studies on Mechanism of Desiccation Tolerance in Selaginellawightii to Understand Resurrection in Pteridophytes

167.

CODE BABS18-PP-52

Banupriya TG, Ramyashree C, and Sharathchandra RG 105.

BABS18-PP-53

Ticks Surveillance on Different Animals in Madurai District, South Tamil Nadu

168.

Krishnamoorthi R and Philip Samuel P 106.

BABS18-PP-54

Genetic Diversity Analysis (Colocasiaesculenta(L.) Schott) in Kerala AswathyAnand and Asha Devi

47

of

taro

169.

107.

BABS18-PP-55

Conserving biodiversity of microbes in the Thar Desert and Mammals in Shekhawati Region Sharon Daphne Nandhagopal

108.

BABS18-PP-56

Selvakumar

and

170.

Gayathri

Diversity in plants and animals Regeneration of exticted plants and animals

171.

Shruti Thangaraj , Mohanadevi Arumugam and Sangeetha Baskaran 109.

BABS18-PP-57

Diversity of Unani medicinal plants in Western Ghats, Coimbatore

172.

Bhargavi Ramesh and SangeethaBaskaran 110.

BABS18-PP-58

A Study on Madurai Flower Market, Tamil Nadu

173.

Nagaraj M and Bagyalakshmi 111.

BABS18-PP-59

Preliminary Survey on Ethno medicinal Plants used by the Paliyar Tribalsin Dharmapuri District

174.

Karthick P and Marimuthu E 112.

BABS18-PP-60

Impact of Insect Pests on the Endangered medicinal plant, Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Bedd.) Warb.

175.

Thennarasu M and Marimuthu E 113.

BABS18-PP-61

Ethno botanical studies in Pachamalai hills low mountain range of Eastern Ghats

176.

Kamaraj V and Kandavel D 114.

BABS18-PP-62

Chigger Mites Surveillance on Rodents and the Other Ectoprasities Recorded in Madurai District, South India

177.

Govindarajan R and Philip Samuel P 115.

BABS18-PP-63

Characterization of endophytic microbes from Pongamia Pinnata nd Gliricidia Sepium Renjimol R and Rajalakshmi G

48

178.

116.

BABS18-PP-64

Study on the assay of hydrolytic enzymes during germination of Leucaenaleucocephalaseeds

179.

Tanusree Mandal and Siddalinga Murthy KR 117.

BABS18-PP-65

In-vitro plant regeneration, flowering and fruiting Morus alba L. Moraceae

of

180.

The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products

181.

Rajeshwari R, Prabhakaran R and Ashima Joshi 118.

BABS18-PP-66

Vasudevan M V and Sundararajan G 119.

BABS18-PP-67

Effect of Seed Cake (Coconut) on the Growth and Biochemical Content of Cluster Bean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.

182.

Pushpa R, Palanisamy K and Lenin M 120.

BABS18-PP-68

Threatened Succulents of Southern Western Ghats, India

183.

Muthulakshmi Pechiammal P and Rajendran A 121.

BABS18-PP-69

Seasonal Wise Assessment of Soil Arthropod Diversity in Selected Organic and Conventional Farms of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

184.

Chinnaraj P, Gunasekaran C, Rajkumar V, Amita Paul C, Dharmaraj J and Kaviya B 122.

BABS18-PP-70

Survey and Documentation of Medicinal Plants Used by Local People of Kurunthamalai, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India

185.

Naveena R, Thangapandian V and Gurusaravanan P 123.

BABS18-PP-71

Woody Tree Diversity And Population Structure In Pachaimalai Hills Of Southern Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India Manikandan S , Udayakumar M and Sekar T

49

186.

124.

BABS18-PP-72

Ethno veterinary medicinal plants used in the treatment of livestock diseases in Kolli Hills, Eastern Ghats of Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu

187.

Rajesh E , Selvaraju A and Sekar T 125.

BABS18-PP-73

Angiosperm diversity of Kurumalai reserve forest, Tamil Nadu

188.

Makesh Kumar B and Stephan J 126.

BABS18-PP-74

List of commercially available lichens sold in supermarket in Tamil Nadu

189.

Charumathi M, Surekha S, Kalidoss R, ArunPrasath K, Mariraj M, Shenbagam M, Rajaprabu N, Karthik N and Ponmurugan P 127.

BABS18-PP-75

Green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) leaf and antibacterial assay from endemic tree sps from Southern Western Ghats

190.

Killivalavan N and Marimuthu E 128.

BABS18-PP-76

Assessment of Carbon Stock and Silica Content in different plant parts of two Bamboo species (Bambusa spp.) in Coimbatore, India

191.

Gnanambal T, Vidhya R and Arul Pragasan L 129.

BABS18-PP-77

A case study on distribution of mammals and carnivores in Bhavani River Valley, Western Ghats

192.

Vijaya Lakshmi N and Manimekalan A

PHYTOCHEMISTRY- ORAL

S.NO 130. .

CODE BABS18-OP-53 1

TITLE

PAGE

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil isolated from the fruits of Cinnamomum filipedicellatum kostern.

193.

Ramasubbu R and Divya C

50

131. .

BABS18-OP-54 2

Manufacturing of gold nano drug by leaf aqueous extract of Cyclamen europaeum for pharmacological applications.

194.

Baskaran T, Kandavel D and Koperuncholan M

132. .

BABS18-OP-55 3

Preliminary phytochemical, histochemical, UV-VIS, FTIR, GC-MS analysis and physical parameters of Rhizosphere soil of Andropogon pumilus roxb.

195.

Chitradevi A, Rebekka Salomi S and Jeline Rani J 133. .

BABS18-OP-56 4

Identification and isolation of syringic acid from soya bean and its antioxidant, antimicrobial activity against human pathogen.

196.

Sindhu MS and Poonkothai M 134. .

BABS18-OP-57 5

Effect of exogenous application of abscisic acid on morphological parameters in two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties under drought stress.

197.

Ramya S and Arulbalachandran D 135. .

BABS18-OP-58 6

In-vitro antioxidant and Sphaeranthus indicus L

anticancer

activity

of

198.

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Actiniopteris radiata (sw.) and its In vitro antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antithrombolytic activity.

199.

Anusuya, Vikramand NS and Beema M 136. .

BABS18-OP-59 7

Rathish Kumar S Muralidharan S AnishPrasanna E 137. .

BABS18-OP-60 8

Phytochemicals assisted synthesis of nano materials coated intravascular Catheters: as a novel biomaterial for biomedical applications.

200.

PriyaDharshini LC, Tharani PV, Rathishkumar S, Ranjithkumar R, Balaganesh AS, and ChandarShekar B 138. .

BABS18-OP-61 9

Phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds and thin layer chromatographic profile studies of Costus pictus D. Don. MUNIRAJ T and Senthilkumar M

51

201.

.

139. 0 .

BABS18-OP-62 1

Studies on the foliar application of chemical inducers for the management of Lakshmi disease of rice.

202.

Jaiganesh V and Kannan C 140. 1 .

BABS18-OP-63 1

141. 2 .

BABS18-OP-64 1

In vivo anti diabetic activity of Nareg maliata

203.

Wilson Joel Rodrigues, Bhagya N and Chandrashekar KR Synthesize, characterization and therapeutic applications of gold nanoparticles: A review

204.

Smiruthe, Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan, Bong Ki Moon, Jong Min Kim, Si Wouk Kim and Selvakumar Sakthivel 142. 3 .

BABS18-OP-65 1

Effect of Gracilaria edulis on the biochemical parameters of Labeo rohita.

205.

Silambarasan P and Shettu N 143. 4 .

BABS18-OP-66 1

Effect of ethanol extract of Piper nigrum on fumarate reductase and succinate dehydrogenase of Cotylophoron cotylophorum

206.

ManojDhanraj K and Veerakumari L 144. 5 .

BABS18-OP-67 1

Rapid multiplication of Premna serratifolia Linn. - An medicinally important tree.

207.

Veeramani D and Senthilkumar M 145. 6 .

BABS18-OP-68 1

Phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds and thin layer chromatographic profile of Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn.

208.

Sivasakthi R and Senthilkumar M 146. 7 .

BABS18-OP-69 1

Phytochemical analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanol extract of CissusVitiginea L. leaf using TLC technique.

209.

Rajendiran M and Senthilkumar M 147. 8 .

BABS18-OP-70 1

Detection of specific protein polypeptides variation among dioscorea species - important medicinal plants. Sivanandhini J and Senthilkumar M

52

210.

148. 9 .

BABS18-OP-71 1

Preliminary phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of leaf extract of Syzygium sriganesanii ravikumr. & lakshman. AthiraReghunath, Renuga Devi Ramasubbu R

149. 0 .

BABS18-OP-72 2

K,

211.

Divya C and

Identification and isolation of allicin from garlic and its antioxidant, antimicrobial activity against human pathogen.

212.

Zeenath VMH and Santhy KS 150. 1 .

BABS18-OP-73 2

Identification and isolation of alpha terpineol from garlic and its antioxidant, antimicrobial activity against human pathogen.

213.

Valsala P and Santhy KS 151. 2 .

BABS18-OP-74 2

152. 3 .

BABS18-OP-75 2

Antioxidant activity of Artemisia vulgaris.

214.

Rathish Kumar S and Abraham J Evaluation of nutraceutical and phytochemical analysis of Pandanus tectorius Parkinson Ex Du Roi fruits.

215.

Gokulakannan D, Balamurugan V, Amal T Cheeran, Raja K, Karthika P and Vasanth K 153. 4 .

BABS18-OP-76 2

154. 5 .

BABS18-OP-77 2

Effect of diethyl sulphate on Setaria italica L

216.

Palanivel S, Parvathi S and Manivel P Degradation of textile dye effluent by ligninolytic bacterial consortium. Krithika Thiruppathi and Kavitha Rangasamy

53

217.

PHYTOCHEMISTRY – POSTER S. NO 155.

TITLE

PAGE

The allelopathic effect of certain weed plants on seedling growth and biochemical parameters of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Ssp. Sesquipedalis (Cultivar. Vellayanijyothika).

219.

CODE BABS18-PP-78

Lekshmi S and Elizabeth Thomas 156.

BABS18-PP-79

Antimicrobial activity of the medicinal plant of Cryptolepis grandiflora

220.

Prema R and Vanitha V 157.

BABS18-PP-80

Evaluation of In Vitro antioxidant activity, antimicrobial, functional groups and minerals in Benincasa hispida fruit juice.

221.

Moulitharan Mahadevan, Sangeetha Baskaran, and Sivasudha Thilagar 158.

BABS18-PP-81

Medicinal plants for respiratory diseases.

222.

Nirmal Kumar Ramesh, Agnes MinnuRapheal, and Jayaram Jayaraj 159.

BABS18-PP-82

Qualitative phytochemical screening of Datura metel and Senna auriculata leaves extract. Murugan Prasathkumar Sadhasivam

160.

BABS18-PP-83

and

223.

Subramaniam

Green synthesis, characterization of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles using Capparis eylanica leaf extracts and their potential application of antimicrobial activities.

224.

Arulmozhi P and Vijayakumar S 161.

BABS18-PP-84

Studies on seed germination and photosynthetic pigments in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) due to effect of gamma radiation. Aswini G and Arulbalachandran D

54

225.

162.

BABS18-PP-85

Effects of gamma irradiation on seed germination and photosynthetic pigments of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)

226.

Vanmathi S and Arulbalachandran D 163.

BABS18-PP-86

Induced morphologial and viable mutants in black gram (Vigna mungo l. hepper) with effect of gamma rays.

227.

Yasmin K and Arulbalachandran D 164.

BABS18-PP-87

Comparison of growth characteristics in gamma irradiated and EMS induced green gram.

228.

Soundarya V and Arulbalachandran D 165.

BABS18-PP-88

Pharmacognosy and phytochemical standardization of indigenous medicinal Plant Cayratia trifolia L

229.

Vikram S, Anusuya N and Rani S 166.

BABS18-PP-89

Antioxidant responses in a fresh water fish Catla catla exposed to tannery effluent.

230.

Mohan Kumar M and BinuKumari S 167.

BABS18-PP-90

Toxicity assessment on histopathological alternation of dye effluent exposed fresh water fish, Oreochromis mossmbicus

231.

BinuKumari S and Mohan Kumar M 168.

BABS18-PP-91

Sugar mill effluent stress on growth and yield of black gram (Vigna mungo l.) Ilakkiah K, Vinodhini Vaithiyanathan T

169.

BABS18-PP-92

S, Periyasamy

232.

M

and

Phytochemical profile, antibacterial activity and antioxidant potential of leaf extracts of Dalbergia lanceolaria L.f. Pushparaj A and Kandavel D

55

233.

.

170.

BABS18-PP-93

Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of phytocomponents in the organic solvents extract of Moringa oleifera

234.

Pushpalatha BN, and Siddalinga Murthy KR 171.

BABS18-PP-94

Synthesis of plant mediated silver nano particles and its characterization, antibacterial activity study from Aerva lanata(l) root extracts.

235.

Vasuki A Thavamurugan, S, Suresh Pullani, Manikandan T, Lakshmi Prabha A 172.

BABS18-PP-95

Preparation and photochemical properties of Vitex negundo aqueous leaves extract.

236.

Karnan P, Anbarasu A and Usha R 173.

BABS18-PP-96

Study on plant extract of Toddalia asiatica against the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

237.

Ravi G, Arunagiri V and Sundararajan G 174.

BABS18-PP-97

Study on antifeedant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts against the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

238.

Arunagiri V, Ravi G and Sundararajan G 175.

BABS18-PP-98

Evaluation of antioxidant and antiulcer activity of Piper betel–an In vivo study

239.

Indhumathi T and Karpagajothi J 176.

BABS18-PP-99

Preliminary phytochemical analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of leaf extract of Syzygium myhendrea (bedd. ex brandis) gamble.

240.

Sradha Sajeev, Renuga S, Divya C and Ramasubbu R 177.

BABS18-PP-100

Effect of sodium azide on multiple shoot induction and amino acid profiling in groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea l.) Parvathi S, Palanivel S, Muniapan V, Manivel P, Veerappan R and Prabakaran R.

56

241.

178.

BABS18-PP-101

Impact of cadmium on biochemical constituents of tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.)

242.

Chitra K 179.

BABS18-PP-102

Isolation and characterization of marine derived actinomycetes with potential antimicrobial activity.

243.

Krishna Priya M and Gurusaravanan Packiaraj 180.

BABS18-PP-103

Phytochemical screening, TLC profiling and antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts from of Elaeocarpus variabilis leaves.

244.

KaviPriya B and Gurusaravanan Packiaraj 181.

BABS18-PP-104

182.

BABS18-PP-105

183.

BABS18-PP-106

Studies on free radical formation in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) induced by gamma irradiation in electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

245.

Latha S and Arulbalachandran D

184.

185.

186.

BABS18-PP-107

BABS18-PP-108

BABS18-PP-109

Oro-gustatory assessment of dietary fat and its impact in the physiological and behavioral parameters of Indian field mouse Mus booduga Deepan Kumar SP and Selvakumar Subramaniam Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti cancer activity in fruit extract of Elaeocarpus variabilis Zmarzty. Venkatachalam Balamurugan, Thomas Cheeran Amal, Kannan Raja, Palanisamy Karthika, Jayakumar Nataraj, Krishnan Vasanth Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of various Solvent Extracts of Striga angustifolia (D.Don) C. J. Saldanha. Kannan Raja, Venkatachalam Balamurugan, Palanisamy Karthika, Thomas Cheeran Amal and Krishnan Vasanth Evaluation of In vitro anti-diabetic and anti cancer activity of fruit fleshy extract of Indian almond Terminalia catappa L . Palanisamy Karthika,Venkatachalam Balamurugan, Thomas Cheeran Amal and Krishnan Vasanth Effects of root-knot nematode inoculums densities on morphological and phytochemical analysis of selected horse gram germplasm Thomas Cheeran Amal, Palanisamy Karthika, Venkatachalam Balamurugan, Krishnan Vasanth

57

246.

247.

248.

249.

250.

Abstract APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY - ORAL 58

A new model for desiccation tolerance in Pteridophytes Sharathchandra R G and Azeddine Driouich Department of Studies and Research In Biotechnology, Tumkur University, India, 572103Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Plate-forme de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont- Saint Aignan [email protected]

Several members of Pteridophyte genera tolerate desiccation distinctly from other plant species. Bryophytes which have evolved desiccation tolerance loose almost all relative water content (RWC) and recover almost all of its RWC very rapidly are termed as “true desiccation tolerant”. However, the higher angiosperms loose and recover water at rates which vary from hours to days and the rate of recovery is species dependent (“modified desiccation tolerant”). However, Pteridophytes are more “moderate” in recovery and therefore we presume that the structural and physiological changes are different. We have analysed physiological changes in Selaginella species like kraussiana, involvens, mollendorfii, delicatula, kanheriae, Chelaianthes species albomarginata, argentea and Adiantum radianum during water loss and recovery. Our results show that recovery process is moderate in terms of regaining relative water content, preserve chlorophyll, activate anti-oxidant enzymes to prevent deleterious effects of free radicals and levels of osmoprotectants during desiccation will increase. Cell wall monosachharide composition during various stages of water loss and gain using GC-FID revealed an increase of arabinose and xylose content in pectin and hemi-cellulose fractions of desiccation tolerant S. involvens when compared to sensitive kraussiana and mollendorfii. Structural analysis of xyloglucans and xylans using mass spectrometry also showed significant differences under desiccation in S. involvens. A unique Xyloglucan structure in S. Kraussiana containing arabinose oligosaccharides was identified. Further, Mannan content is significantly higher in the cell wall of dehydrated S. involvens as compared to hydrated plants. Our results demonstrate that cell wall remodeling and physiological adaptations is necessary to recover from water loss in Selaginella species and a new model of moderate desiccation tolerance could be established based on the mechanism elucidated.

Key words: Pteridophytes, Selaginella, anti-oxidants, cell walls, remodeling.

59

Pea p68, A Dead-Box helicase, enhances salt tolerance in marker-free transgenic plants of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Karthik S and Manickavasagam M Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Several endogenous genes help plants counteract the deleterious effect when exposed to various abiotic stresses. Protein p68 is one such prototype constituent of DEAD-box protein family, which is involved in RNA metabolism, induced during abiotic stress conditions. In order to address the salinity stress faced by economically important soybean crop, we have transformed soybean cv. PUSA 9712 via direct organogenesis with marker free construct of p68 gene by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. The putative transgenic plants were screened by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Dot-blot analysis and Southern blot hybridization. Reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and Quantitative real-time PCR (qRTPCR) established that the p68 gene expressed in three out of five southern positive (T1) plants. The transformed (T1) soybean plants survived irrigation upto 200mM of NaCl whereas the nontransformed (NT) plants could not survive even 150 mM NaCl. The transgenic soybean (T1) plants showed a higher accumulation of chlorophyll, proline, CAT, APX, SOD, RWC, DHAR and MDHAR than the NT plants under salinity stress conditions. Yield performance of transformed soybean plants was estimated in the transgenic greenhouse under salinity stress conditions. The transformed (T1) soybean plants expressing the p68 gene were morphologically similar to non-transformed plants and produced 22-24 soybean pods/plant containing 8-9 g (dry weight) of seeds at 200 mM NaCl concentration. The present investigation evidenced the role of the p68 gene against salinity, by enhancing the tolerance towards salinity stress in soybean plants.

Keywords: Endogenous genes, DEAD-box protein.

60

Molecular cloning and overexpression of a novel thermostable lipase gene from thermophilic Geobacillus thermoleovorans KL3 in E. coli Glarlin Sunil1, Selvakumar Sakthivel1, Bong Ki Moon2, Jong Min Kim2, Si Wouk Kim2 and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan1 1

Department of Biotechnology, AJK College of Arts and Science, Navakkarai, Coimbatore - 641105, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Pioneer Research Center for Controlling of Harmful Algal Bloom, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea. [email protected]

A novel thermostable lipase producing G. themeleovorans was isolated from chicken feather dumping site. Totally 32 different bacterial species isolated and screened. Among all the isolates, G. themeleovorans KL3 was found to be the high potential thermostable lipase producing capacity at higher temperature. In recent past, many researcher groups mainly focused on stress tolerant lipases production such as thermostable, salt tolerant and pH stability. In this study, a novel thermostable lipase gene (Tslip) from G. themeleovorans KL3 was cloned into pET28a(+) vector and expressed in E.coli DH5α. The amino acid sequence of lipase enzyme revealed that higher content of hydrophobic content and grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) was calculated as 0.205. The instability index (II) was computed to be 31.20, this clarifies the purified lipase are stable. The purified recombinant lipase exhibited an optimal activity at pH and temperature was 8.5 and 65°C respectively. Further, the lipase activity over a wide range of pH 6.5-10.5. The maximum activity of the purified thermostable lipase was 1160U/ml. The molecular weight of this lipase was estimated to be 48kDa by SDSPAGE analysis. Purified thermostable lipase enzyme was strongly inhibited by metal ions and chemical reagents such as, Zn2+, Ag+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Tween 20, Triton X 100 and SDS. However, the enzyme activity was remarkably enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+ and Mg2+. From the results, the expressed thermostable lipase has potential characteristics to perform well in industrial applications, especially in the fatty acid hydrolysis for enhanced biodiesel production at high temperature operational conditions.

Key words: recombinant lipases, Tslip, cloning and expression, SDS-PAGE, Inhibitors.

61

Isolation and characterization of cell wall loosening gene from Saccharum complex during water deficit stress Ashwin Narayan J, Dharshini S, Manoj V M, Sarath Padmanabhan T S, Subramonian N, Premachandran M N and Appunu C Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Plants cell wall essentially to be loosened, modified and expanded during plant growth. Expansins are a class of proteins which is involved in cell wall loosening such as cell enlargement and in a variety of other developmental processes where cell wall modification occurs. In addition to growth it is also expressed during different abiotic stress situation. Sugarcane is an important commercial crop and major source of sugar in India. Drought stress is a major threat accounting to 50 % yield loss in India. To maintain the yield and to meet the increasing demand there is a need in development of sugarcane with better drought tolerance level. In this study for the first time, a cell wall loosening gene viz α-expansin 1 (EXPA1) which is also involve in water deficit stress tolerance, from different clones belonging to Saccharum complex were isolated, analyzed and characterized using bioinformatics tools. Through RAGE technique EXPA1 gene was isolated with coding region ranging from 756-762 bp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high conservation of EXPA1 among Saccharum complex and related crop species Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. In-silico analysis revealed the presence of conserved amino acid residues and signal peptide which are crucial for the functioning of the protein. The protein ligand docking was performed. Subcellular localization showed the gene expression in the cell wall. Relative expression analysis of the EXPA1 gene in Saccharum complex during water deficit stress was performed. The result was promising and can be used in enhancement of sugarcane in water deficit stress tolerance.

Keywords: Saccharum, In silico, EXPA1

62

Identification of genes associated with egg production in Indian domestic ducks using transcriptome analysis Bhavana K1, Surachandra Singha H1, Sankaralinkam S2, Jesna Jose1, Kamalakkannan R1, Vandana R Prabhu1 and Nagarajan M1 1

Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala Periye, Kasaragod-671316, Kerala, India 2 Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur- 680651, Kerala, India [email protected]

The domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) is one of the most economically important species in poultry, which possess great consumer preference mainly for its high rate of egg production. The egg laying performance of duck has been seen to vary even within the breeds. Though, the number of eggs laid by a duck is influenced by several factors including physiological processes, environment, large number of genes etc., ovary plays a crucial role in egg production. Thus, in the present study we analyzed the ovarian transcriptome of high and low egg layers of Chara duck to increase our understanding on genes associated with regulation of egg production in duck. Based on the laying records after monitoring 72 weeks in cages, 3 high egg layers (HEL) and 3low egg layers (LEL) were selected. The total RNA was extracted from the ovarian tissue using Trizol method and subsequently the RNA was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq2500. In total 408,497,878 raw paired-end reads were generated, and the sequences generated were of high quality. The reads were subsequently mapped with reference duck genome, which showed 73-82% perfect match. In total 16,602 unique contigs/genes were identified, of which 493 genes showed differential expression between HEL and LEL. Besides these, 265 exclusively expressed in HEL while 125 genes exclusively expressed in LEL. Overall, our study has found several genes which are associated with egg production. The findings may have wide implications in the improvement of duck breed quality in terms of egg laying performance. Keywords: ovarian transcriptome, high egg layers (HEL), low egg layers (LEL)

63

A comparative gut metagenome study of gaur and mithun Vandana R Prabhu1, Wasimuddin2, Arjun Suresh1 Kamalakkannan R1 and Nagarajan M1 1

Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala Periye, Kasaragod-671316, Kerala, India 2 Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany [email protected]

Although it is well established that gut microbiome plays crucial role in host health, how anthropogenic factors influence gut microbiome of mammals is not yet properly understood. The impact of lifestyle modifications on the diversity and composition of gut microbiome has been well studied in humans. It is also reported that urbanized human communities are characterized by less stable and reduced diversity of gut microbiome. This might hold true for other mammals as well, that are under human imposed forces like captivity and domestication. Although, recent studies have reported the consequence of captivity on the gut microbiome of a few mammals, no empirical studies have been conducted to understand whether gut microbiome shows sequential changes from wild to captivity and after domestication, possibly due to difficulty in finding such system. By benefitting from such an available system, we compared the gut microbiome of wild gaur, captive gaur and mithun (domesticated form of gaur) living in diverse geographical locations of India. Both captive and domesticated individuals harbored less diverse gut bacterial communities compared to the wild individuals, perhaps owing to drastic shift in their natural diet and living environments. Similarly, the predicted functional diversity was also lower in captive gaur and mithun. Many beneficial taxa for healthy gut microbiome, especially, OTUs from two commensal families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, specialized in the degradation of complex plant material showed reduction in abundance from wild to captive and after domestication. Overall, our results suggest that human driven forces such as captivity and domestication reshape the gut microbiome in the captive gaur and domestic mithun, which could have negative consequences on host health. Keywords: gut microbiome, microbiome, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae.

64

Anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant and amyloid β antiaggregation and disaggregation potential of Dihydroactinidiolide: In vitro and In silico studies Mamali Das and Kasi Pandima Devi Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India [email protected]

Alzheimer disease (AD) the sixth leading cause of global dementia, demand exploring multi potent drug candidates and for the first time we report the inhibitory potential of a novel multi anti AD target inhibitory potential of dihydroactinidiolide (DA). Though free radical scavenging, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities of DA in several solvent extracts have been proved but its individual biological activity, including neuroprotective efficacy has not been explored yet. Synthesized DA showed potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition with IC50 34.03nM, which was found to be higher than other recent AChE inhibitors. Further molecular docking showed H bonding with GLY117, GLY119 and SER200 of AChE. It displayed DPPH and (.NO) scavenging activity with IC50 value 50nM and metal chelating activity with IC50 >270nM. Besides, it showed significant inhibition of amyloid β25-35 self-aggregation and disaggregation at 270nM. It did not show cytotoxic effect towards N2a cells up to 24 hr at 50 and 270nM while it significantly reduced ROS generation thus increasing viability of amyloid β25-35 treated N2a cells.

Keywords: dihydroactinidiolide (DA), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), GLY117, GLY119 and SER200.

65

Development of biochemical markers for screening resistant genotypes of coffee against coffee white stem borer (Xylotrechus quadripes chevrolat) Vasuki R, Jayalakshmi, V, Muthu Pechi, S and Ganesh D Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.

Coffee represents one of the most important crops in the world and is ranked second in the international trade exchange markets, only after petrol and oil.There are more than 100 species of Coffea was recorded. However, only two species, namely Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (robusta) are popular. The economic importance of the coffee white stem borer (CWSB) is well known due to its extensive damage to Arabica coffee plantation in India and other coffee growing countries. Arabica variety is susceptible to coffee white stem borer, causing severe economic damage while robusta is totally resistant to this pest. It is expected that robusta stem must contain unique phytochemicals in the stem to resist the pest. In this study, we optimized the protocol for preparation of extracts for phytochemcial analysis of coffee stem. Stem extracts of two species of coffee namely, arabica and robusta were subjected to TLC and GC-MS for determining the unique phytochemicals present in coffee white stem borer tolerant genotypes. Our preliminary study revealed that stem extracts of Arabica and robusta are found to have unique and specific phytochemicals which are present in these two species. Further study is in progress to isolate and characterize the unique phytochemicals which is associated with coffee white stem borer resistance. This study is expected to be very useful to find few biochemical markers associated with coffee white stem borer resistance for utilizing them in genetic improvement of coffee, primarily against coffee white stem borer.

66

Establishment of adventitious root cultures in Trichosanthes cucumerina L. var. cucumerina for the production of cucurbitacin B Deepa J M and Sudha C G Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695 562, India. [email protected]

Cucurbitacins are highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids which have promising anticancer activities showing antiproliferation, cell cycle arrest to induction of apoptosis. Chemo therapy and surgery are the most common treatment to cure cancer. However, these treatments have some limitations due to the toxicity, side effects and drug resistance. Hence search of natural source for the anticancer compounds has immense attention. The cucurbitacins are found in members of Cucurbitaceae and other plant families. In the present study, adventitious root cultures of T. cucumerina var. cucumerina, an important medicinal plant were established in shake flask for the production of maximum root biomass and cucurbitacin B. Adventitious root cultures were induced on aseptic leaf explants derived from 4-5 week old shoot cultures in solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentration of auxins such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2,4Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at varied concentrations (0.05 to 1.0mg/L). The results indicated that 0.3mg/l 2,4-D was optimum to induce a mean number (14.66±0.57) of elongated (9.13± 0.25 cm) roots. After 20-22 days, 0.2 to 3.0 g/100 ml of inoculum was subcultured in MS liquid medium to optimize the inoculums size for the fast growth of roots and production of compound and studied the growth kinetics of root cultures with an interval of 7 days for a period of 28 days. The results showed that inoculum size of 2.0g/l was the best for highest biomass (8.076 ± 0.058g fw/ 0.799 ± 0.233gdw g/l) in the optimized medium of 0.3mg/l 2,4-D after 28 days. The growth was slowly deteriorated after 30days and later necrosed. Highest production of cucurbitacin B (2.059 % g dw) was noticed in MS medium with 0.3mg/l 2,4-D. The study suggests that adventitious root culture of Trichosanthes cucumerina var. cucumerina is a suitable in vitro method for the production of Cu B, a promising anticancer compound. Keyword: Trichosanthes cucumerina, MS medium, HPLC

67

Influence of different culture parameters on In vitro normal root cultures of Pyrenacantha volubilis Hook. and estimation of camptothecin biosynthesis after elicitation. Hima S, Midhu C K and Satheeshkumar K Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, JNTBGRI, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, India. [email protected]

Many modern anticancer drugs are of plant-derived ones. Camptothecin (CPT) a waterinsoluble cytotoxic monoterpene-derived indole alkaloid (global demand USD 2.2 billion), recognized as a very potent anti-cancer compound is currently used in the treatment of colorectal and refractory ovarian cancer. Pyrenacantha volubilis, an important medicinal plant is reported to contain CPT mostly in cotyledons (1.35%) and roots (0.13%). Hence in an attempt to develop a feasible in vitro culture system for CPT production, an efficient normal root culture system of P. volubilis was established using radicle derived roots of seeds germinated in 0.3 mgL-1 kinetin. MS liquid media (half strength) supplemented with 0.3 mgL1 Indole-3-acetic acid and 0.2 mgL-1 Indole-3-butyric acid was used to establish isolated tap root cultures and was further sub cultured into the same media to study the growth and CPT production over a period of 60 days at an interval of 10 days. The roots cultured in half strength MS liquid media augmented with 0.3 mgL-1 IAA and 0.2 mgL-1 IBA yielded maximum biomass (3.34±0.19 gfw) and CPT (0.135 % gdw) within a period of 30 days. The usual concentration of ammonium nitrate (0.825 g/L) and sucrose (3% w/v) in MS media was found to be effective for increased biomass production whereas the CPT content varied considerably. The in vitro derived culture sample was subjected to HPLC analysis and estimated 0.135% gdw CPT which is more than that of field root (0.13% gdw). Further the root cultures were subjected to elicitation using yeast extract and Jasmonic acid in varied concentrations and highest CPT content (2.85 ± 0.1 mg/g dwt) was recorded for 200μM JA on 7th day of elicitation followed by 100 mg/L yeast extract (2.83±0.06 mg/g dwt CPT) on 3rd day. The results suggest the suitability of root cultures for the production of CPT using elicitors and further experiments for scaling up studies in bioreactors are imperative.

Keyword: Camptothecin, Pyrenacantha volubilis, HPLC, Jasmonic acid

68

Stress induced camptothecin enhancement in multiple shoot cultures of Ophiorrhiza pectinata Arn., using biotic and abiotic elicitors Midhu C K, Hima S and Satheeshkumar K Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, JNTBGRI, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, India. [email protected]

Secondary metabolites are large, diverse array of organic compounds produced by plants that have no direct role in the process of growth and development and have restricted distribution only in one plant species or related group of species. Ophiorrhiza pectinata Arn. is an important herbaceous medicinal plant reported to contain an important secondary metabolite camptothecin (CPT), an indole alkaloid, recognized as a most effective anticancer drug. Camptothecin derivatives such as topotecan (ovarian, cervical and small cell lung cancer) and irinotecan (colorectal cancer) are two FDA approved CPT derivatives sold under the trade name Hycamtin and Camptosar. Individual shoot buds initiated from the nodal explants sub cultured on to half strength MS solid media containing 3% sucrose and 0.2 mg L-1 6-Benzyl amino purine produced maximum number (17.36±2.80) of multiple shoots and multiple shoots obtained after 4th subculture were subjected to elicitation with different concentrations of Potassium chloride - KCl (0.5 - 4.5 mg L-1), Salicylic acid - SA (25 - 200 mg L-1) and Yeast extract - YE (25 - 200 mg L-1) under varied period of incubation and studied biomass and CPT production. Multiple shoots elicited with, 50 mg L-1 YE after 5 days of incubation gives an outstanding result of 0.72 ± 0.04 mg g-1 dw CPT and 1.02±0.03 g dw biomass which is 4.5 fold and 2.12 fold higher than the control multiple shoot cultures respectively. On the other hand, SA (100 mg L-1) caused a significant increase in CPT production after 10 days of incubation which is 3.10 fold higher than the control multiple shoot cultures. CPT content in multiple shoot culture was estimated using HPLC. The result obtained in the present investigation illustrates that multiple shoots elicited with 50 mg L-1 YE for 5 days of incubation could be chosen as an ideal system for CPT production without sacrificing the natural population of O.pectinata.

Keyword: Ophiorrhiza pectinata Arn, camptothecin (CPT), KCL, Hycamtin, Camptosar

69

An efficient In vitro protocol for the production of anthraquinones from Gynochthodes umbellata (L.) Razafim. and B. Bremer Anjusha S and Gangaprasad A Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, JNTBGRI, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India – 695 562 Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology Lab , Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India - 695 581 [email protected]

Anthraquinones are compounds with industrial as well as medicinal importance which are widely applied in food, medicine, and dye industry. Alizarin and purpurin are two important members of anthraquinone group. Present study was undertaken for standardizing protocols for the callus culture G. umbellata for the production and quantification of alizarin and purpurin. The present study was carried out in Gynochthodes umbellata, an important natural dye yielding plant belonging to the family Rubiaceae. Traditionally, it is used for treating dysentery and diarrhea. The roots of G. umbellata yield a yellow dye rich in anthraquinones. Wild populations of G. umbellata are severely depleted owing to injudicious exploitation. The callus culture can act as a source of anthraquinones without harming the natural population of G. umbellata. In vitro production of alizarin and purpurin achieved through callus cultures of G. umbellata which was standardized using in vitro leaves, derived from the nodal explant cultures maintained in MS solid medium containing 2mg/l BA. Of the different pH and carbon source used, maximum fresh weight (1.7953g) and dry weight (0.1149g) were recorded in presence of 3% sucrose, whereas highest total anthraquinone content (24.4125mg/g dw) was recorded in presence of 2% glucose. HPLC analysis results revealed that when compared to in vivo plant, callus culture showed a 5 fold (1 mg/g dw) and 1.45 fold (1.6 mg/g dw) increase in alizarin and purpurin respectively. From the present study, it revealed that the callus culture is an efficient method for the in vitro production of anthraquinone.

Keywords: Gynochthodes umbellate, anthraquinones, HPLC analysis.

70

Antioxidant potential of polymer encapsulated mustard oil nano emulsion Deeksha S, Bhuvaneshwari V, Aravind C, Karthik kumar D and Chandrasekaran M PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, G. N. Mills (post), Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Nanoemulsions are thermodynamically stable transparent nano-sized dispersions of oilin-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o) stabilized by surfactant and co-surfactant molecule having the droplet size 10–100 nm. Emulsion with nano-size droplets, is widely applied in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. The major advantages of nanoemulsions as drug delivery carriers include increased drug loading, enhanced drug solubility and bioavailability, reduced patient variability, controlled drug release and protection from enzymatic degradation. In the present study, mustard oil is used to prepare nanoemulsion using Tween 80 as surfactant and PEG 400 as cosurfactant. The nanoemulsion was characterized for size distribution using Dynamic light scattering and the average particle size diameter was found to be 91.61±1.13 nm. The stability of mustard oil PEGylated nanoemulsion was confirmed after 1 month with good anti-oxidant potential and thus can be further used to treat various ailments.

Keywords: antioxidant; drug delivery; nano-sized droplets; PEGylated

71

Preliminary phytochemical analysis and evaluation of biological potentialities of stem bark of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Saravanan B, Athira Mohanan, Sasi Kala N and Ramasubbu R Department of Biology, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Senna alata (L.) Roxb. is an ornamental and medicinal shrub growing in tropical region of Africa, Southeast Asia, the pacific Islands and America. It is a perennial shrub belongs to the family Fabaceae, often called as ringworm bush due to effective fungicidal properties treating ringworm and other fungal infections. Senna alata is most commonly used in a tisane for cooling or as a laxative due to the presence of anthraquinone. In order to understand the phytochemicals of this shrub, phytoconstituents were extracted from bark by using cold extraction method with methanol as solvent. The various phytochemical constituents, viz alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, terpenoids and carbohydrates were analysed qualitatively from the methanolic extract. The quantitative analysis of total phenol and flavanoid contents were also estimated from the methanolic extract of bark of Senna alata. The methanolic extract was tested against seven human pathogens viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pueumoniae, Citrobacter koseri, Enterococcus faecalis and Serratia sp. Within that Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were exhibited the maximum zone of inhibition. Of which, Enterococcus faecalis showed the good result at all the three concentrations than antibiotics. The methanolic extract of Senna alata was also subjected into DPPH radical scavenging activity and phosphomolybdenum assay. The results were suggested that, the methanolic extract of bark has potential antioxidant activity on DPPH assay which exhibited the IC50 value as 448.22 µg/ml of sample and also recorded the total antioxidant activity as 14.84 µg AAE/mg of sample.

Keywords: Senna alata, Fabaceae, cold extraction, phosphomolybdenum assay.

72

Synthesis, characterization and agriculture application of hybrid chitosan calcium oxide nanoparticles (Chi-CaO NPs) Tharani P V, Priya Dharshini L C, Ranjithkumar R, Balaganesh A S and Chandar Shekar B Department of Biotechnology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. Nanotechnology Research Lab, Department of Physics, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. [email protected]

Nanoscale materials exhibit novel chemical and physical properties which are different from their bulk form. The simple co-precipitation method is used to prepare the hybrid chitosan calcium oxide nanoparticles (Chi-CaO NPs). The crystallite structure, morphology and element composition of prepared Chi-CaO NPs were analysis using X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS). The X-ray diffraction analysis the prepared Chi-CaO NPs shows polycrystalline nature with particles size varies between 12.97nm and 54.94 nm. SEM image revealed agglomeration of Chi-CaO NPs and it can be seen from the SEM image that the synthesized sample composed of grains of spherical shape. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicates that the Chi-CaO NPs is composed of Ca, O and N elements. The plant growth progress in lab scale level revealed a significant growth of the Black eye beans plant growth after treatment of the hybrid Chi-CaO NPs in comparison with untreated after experimental stage. The observation of the study revealed that hybrid chitosancalcium oxide nanoparticles can be used to enhance the growth of Black eye bean plant and inferred that these nanoparticles may be used for other plants also.

Keywords: Co-precipitation, Chi-CaO NPs, SEM, XRD, Black eye beans.

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mtDNA Cytochrome-b gene diversity of Indian domestic sheep breeds Ranganathan Kamalakkannan, Vandana R Prabhu and Muniyandi Nagarajan Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Science Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod-671314, Kerala, India [email protected]

Sheep is one of the important livestock species in indiaand holds 6.42 % of the worldsheep population with 42 well recognized breeds. In spite of having large number of sheep breeds, the phylogenetic structure of the Indian sheep breeds has not been studied thoroughly. We analyzed the mtDNA cytochrome b gene sequences of 425 sheep representing 16 Indianrecognized breeds to understand the phylogenetic structure of Indian domestic sheep breeds.The sheep samples were mostly collected from the southern parts of India. The genomic DNA was isolated from the ethanol preserved blood samples using phenol chloroform method. The 836 bp mtDNA cytochrome b gene was amplified using the primers 5’TGTCATCATCATTCTCACATGG-3’,

5’-GGGAGGTTGGTTGTTCTCCT-3’

and

sequenced using big dye sequencing method. The MP-Phylogenetic tree showed three distinct clades A, B, and C. Similarly, the median joining network also showed three maternal lineages (A, B, and C) for the Indian sheep breeds. Among these lineages, lineage A was found to be dominant (89 %) when compared to the lineage B (10 %) and C (< 1 %) in Indian sheep populations. The results of this study would be helpful to understand the origin of south Indian domestic sheep breeds.

Keywords: Cytochrome, mtRNA.

74

Micropropagation and phytochemical analysis of Ocimum basilicum L. using nodal explants Karthikeyan A V P, Suguna S and Sudan I P.G. & Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Karur 639 005, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Multiple shoot regeneration from nodal segments of a medicinally important herb Ocimum basilicum L. (Sweet Basil) on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with a range of growth regulators. The maximum number of multiple shoots was observed on MS augmented with 15 µM of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2µM of indole3-acetic acid (IAA). Successive shoot cultures were established by repeatedly subculturing the original explant on a fresh medium. Rooting of in vitro raised shoots was best induced on half strength MS supplemented with 6µM of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with highest percentage of shoot regenerating roots (88.8 %) with 3–4 roots per shoot. Plantlets were acclimated in vermi-compost and eventually established in soil. Presents of phytochemical components of different extracts (ethanol, aqueous and methanol) were identified in leaf tissue of both in vivo and in vitro raised plants. Ethanol extracts of in vivo plants showed higher concentration of phytochemical components, when compare to other extracts, but in the in vitro plants aqueous and methanol extracts were showed higher concentration of phytochemical than the ethanol extracts.

Key words: Ocimum basilicum, sweet basil, micropropagation, growth regulators.

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Impact of plant growth regulators and organic fertilizer on growth and biochemical composition of Trigonella foenum-graceum L. Balakrishnan M, Arunprasath A, and Indhumathi M PG and Research Department of Botany, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India – 641 014 [email protected]

The present experiment was carried out to assess the effect of organic manure and Plant growth regulators on morphological changes and biochemical composition of fenugreek. The experiment comprising of Control, Organic manure and three different Growth regulators such as IAA (Indole Acetic Acid), IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) and NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid). These three growth regulators are taken in four different combinations such as NAA+IAA, IAA+IBA, IBA+NAA and NAA+IBA+IAA. The hormones were prepared with distilled water and treated to the plants. The plants were irrigated with tap water regularly for 30 days. After 30 days the fresh plants were taken for the further analysis like Morphological studies and Biochemical analysis. The results reveal that the morphological parameters such as root length, shoot length, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight are increased in the treatment of NAA+IBA, and in biochemical analysis chlorophyll, carotenoids, total sugar, starch, protein and amino acid contents were increased in plants treated with organic manure, when compared to all other treatments.

Keywords: plant growth regulators, fenugreek, biofertilizers, chlorophyll, amino acid

76

s

Abstract APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY - POSTER 77

Biofilm destruction ability of essential oil isolated from Vitex negundo L. Elanthendral D and Geetha N Department of Botany, Bharathiar University Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Biofilm formation is a process whereby microorganisms irreversibly attach and grow on a surface and produce extra cellular polymers that facilitate further attachment and matrix formation. This biofilm formation causes total damage in affected areas. Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) contains several types of phytocompounds such as essential oil, lignins, flavonoids, terpenes and steroids. In the present study, an essential oil is extracted from this plant by hydro-distillastion method. The inhibitory effect of oil was evaluated against four different human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The minimum inhibitory concentration for biofilm destruction was found to be 0.06ml of essential oil. During specific biofilm formation assay, biofilm formation capacity of four bacterial species was observed and calculated. Among them, P. aeruginosa showed maximum biofilm destruction (86%) followed by S. dysenteriae which showed 81% biofilm destruction. The remaining two strains i.e. S. aureus and E. coli showed 77% and 75% destruction, respectively. After destruction, the percentage of viable cells has been calculated. Maximum percentage of viable cells observed for E. coli (25%) followed by S.aureus (23%). The remaining two strains S.dysenteriae and P.aeruginosa showed 19% and 14% respectively. Five parameters measuring biomass (Maximum thickness [µm], substratum coverage [%], roughness coefficient, average diffusion distance and surface to biovolume ratio [µm2/µm3]) analyzed by COMSTAT software and found that the resulting values were significantly lesser for biofilms exposed to essential oil than control. The results obtained in this study proves that the potent efficacy of V. negundo essential oil for the control of biofilm formed by the studied organisms. Keywords: Vitex negundo, essential oil, anti-biofilm activity, Specific biofilm formation assay.

78

Molecular identification and physiological response of resurrection bryophyte to desiccation stress Ramyashree C, Banupriya T G and Sharathchandra R G Department of Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Prof. C.N.R Rao Block, Tumkur University, Tumkur, 572103. [email protected]

Water is a scarce resource in numerous regions of the world resulting in changes in plant distribution. However, certain plants which represent desiccation are present in specialized ecological niches. Desiccation tolerant species are present all over the world including Bryophytes. Hyophila propagulifera is a bryophyte which can withstand prolonged periods of desiccation. In the present study extensive survey was conducted to collect Hyophila propagulifera, from Western Ghats of India. The bryophyte was first identified based on morphological characters. Further, DNA barcoding analysis was conducted in order to validate the morphological characters. The Hyophila propagulifera plants were allowed to desiccate and rehydrate under laboratory conditions in order to test the relative water (RWC) content due to extreme water loss. During desiccation, the RWC of the plants decreased rapidly from 100% to a stable dried state of 17%. Desiccation leads to intense inward curving. During rehydration, the RWC of the detached fronds regained to approximately 95 % of the original weight. Further using Scanning electron microscope the Morphological changes of Hyophila propagulifera in response to desiccation was elucidated. Key words: Bryophyte, Hyophila propagulifera, DNA barcoding, RWC, Desiccation tolerance, Scanning electron microscope.

79

Desiccation tolerant Selaginella kanehirae exhibits differences in monosaccharaide composition in the cell wall at different stages Yathisha N S1, Barbara Plancot2, Sharathchandra R G1, Azeddine Driouich2, Bruno Gugi2 and Muriel Bardor2 1

Center for Bio information, Department of Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Prof. C.N.R Rao Block, Tumkur University, Tumkur, 572103 2 Laboratory of Glycobiology and Plant Extracellular Matrix (Glyco-MEV). Faculty of Science, of the University of Rouen. France, 76821 [email protected]

Desiccation stress is one of the factors which affect the yield and growth of the land plants. Knowledge on Desiccation tolerance (DT) might help in designing food and fodder crops with better stress tolerance traits, DT is a rare phenomenon which has evolved in pteridophytes and members of the Selaginella are known to possess DT. In the present study, we are isolated cell walls from hydrated, desiccated and rehydrated fronds which were fractionated and the resulting fractions [Pectin (SIP), Hemicellulose (SIH), Cellulose residue (SIC) and crude Cell wall] were analyzed for their monosaccharide content by GC-FID. Compositional analysis of monosaccharides includes arabinose (Ara), rhamnose (Rha), fucose (Fuc), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), Mannuronic Acid (ManUA) galactose (Gal), galacturonic acid (GalUA), glucose (Glc) and glucuronic acid (GlcUA). Our results revealed that xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara) and mannose (Man) were the predominant sugars representing approximately 50% of the total hydrolysable sugars in leaf cell walls of hydrated, desiccated and rehydrated plants of Selaginella. Hence, we conclude that in a desiccation tolerant plants total content of cell wall sugars xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara) and mannose (Man) were significantly higher (50 %) which directly indicates their role in the protection of cell wall integrity. It is evident that for resurrection plant cell walls were maintained in a flexible state during desiccation and which can ne be easily rehydrated when water becomes available to the plant. The data presented here also suggest a more universal role for Ara-rich polymers (e.g. RGII, AGP, and AX) in respect of cell wall function in relation to hydration properties during water loss and water gain. Keywords: Resurrection Plants, Desiccation Tolerance, GC-FID, Selaginella. Cell wall Monosaccharides.

80

Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated hairy root culture induction from Hybanthus enneapermus (L.) F. Muell for L-dopa Production Selvam Sathish and Markandan Manickavasagam Dept. of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India-620 024 [email protected]

An efficient protocol for hairy root induction was established through Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation using the bacterial strain R1000 with leaf segment explants of in vitro raised plantlets. After 3 days of co-cultivation, the explants were washed with half MS liquid medium containing cefotaxim (300 mg/L) to remove the residual bacteria, and incubated in the dark at 25 ± 1°C. Among the different conditions tested, the highest (71.3 %) transformation rate was observed after 3 weeks when the explants were subjected to vaccum infiltration for 2 min and co-cultivation period for 3 days on semisolid MS medium. Putative transgenic hairy roots were further transferred in to hormone free MS liquid medium. Transgenic status of the hairy roots was confirmed by PCR using rol gene primers. For HPLC analysis, dried hairy roots were grounded into fine powder and extracted with HPLC grade methanol. HPLC analysis showed the ability of hairy roots to synthesize L-dopa. This protocol offers new avenue in A. rhizogenes-mediated hairy root induction and is useful for production of pharmaceutical important compounds from H. enneapermus.

Key words: A. rhizogenes, hairy root, co-cultivation medium, transformation.

81

Agrobacterium-mediated in planta genetic transformation of Pisum sativum L. improved by sonication and vacuum infiltration Ajithan C and Manickavasagam M Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamilnadu, India [email protected]

The present work deals with the effect of the sonication treatment and vacuum infiltration on the efficiency of the Agrobacterium-mediated in planta genetic transformation of Pea plant (Pisum sativum L). The pea cotyledonary node explants were prepared from the three days imbibed sterilized seeds through chlorination method. The pea explants were micro pricked and inoculated into the overnight grown Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harbouring EHA 105 -bar plasmid. The Agrobacterium infected explants were subjected to the different time interval of sonication and vacuum infiltration treatment. The treated explants were cocultivated on MS solid medium for 3 days and then transferred to the selection media which contains MIC optimised concentration of BASTA®. The Maximum Inhibitory Concentration treatment (MIC) were performed simultaneously for the pea explants against the different concentration of BASTA®. Among the different concentration of MIC treatment, 4mg/L BASTA® has arrested the complete growth of the secondary rooting of pea and this was taken as transformant selection concentration. The putatively transformed pea plants were subjected to GUS histochemical assay and Polymerase chain reaction against bar gene for the selection of transformants. Among the different time interval of sonication treatment, maximum transformation efficiency was recorded (23.7%) at 30sec and the 3 minutes of vacuum infiltration has given the maximum and improved transformation efficiency (33.0%). The inplanta transformation protocol described here is applicable to transfer the economically important genes into different varieties of pea in relatively short time.

Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, BASTA, transformant, histochemical assay

82

Assessment of factor influencing the Agrobacterium-mediated in planta seed transformation of sesame (Sesamum indicum.L) Elayaraja Dhandapani and Manickavasagam Markandan Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamilnadu, India [email protected]

An efficient and reproducible in planta transformation method was developed for sesame using seed as an explant. The sesame seeds were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA 105 harbouring pME 524 plasmid and the transformants were selected against BASTA®. Several parameters influencing the in-plant seed transformation such as acetosyringone concentration, duration of sonication, and vacuum infiltration have been evaluated. The putatively transformed sesame plants were screened by GUS histochemical analysis, polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. Among the different combinations and concentrations tested, when the 12 h pre-cultured sesame seeds were sonicated for 10 min and vacuum infiltered for 1 min 30 sec at 750 mm of Hg in Agrobacterium suspension containing 200 µM acetosyringone favored the Agrobacterium infection and showed maximum transformation efficiciency of 23.33%. The In-Planta protocol developed in the present study would be beneficial to transfer the economically and nutritionally important genes into different varieties of sesame. Keywords: Acetosyringone, Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105, BASTA®, Sonication, Vacuum infiltration.

83

Improved PCR amplification of soil microbial community DNA coextracted with PCR inhibitors Sowndariya A1, Selvakumar Sakthivel1, Bong Ki Moon2, Jong Min Kim2, Si Wouk Kim2 and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan1 1


In the present study, an enhanced PCR amplification of soil community DNA containing PCR inhibitors was developed. The Korean yellow loesses agricultural soil community DNA was extracted by direct DNA extraction method. The 16srRNA, eubacteria and chitinase gene amplification was performed using respective universal primers with various combinations of PVP, BSA and DMSO was used. From the results, the community DNA concentration and purity was obtained as 149.46±10.23µg/g - 391.26±15.31µg/g and 1.02-1.28(OD260/280) - 0.82-1.03(OD230/260) respectively. Further, the addition of 1µl of 1% PVP, 1µl of 1% BSA and 0.5µl of 5% DMSO showed very good PCR amplicons and no amplification was observed in PCR tubes containing no additives. The combination of these three additives improved the DNA amplification, when compared with individual and two additive combinations. Basic synergistic mechanism behind this process is as follows, the PVP removes PCR inhibitor from DNA by the PVP absorbs humic acid and fulvic acid compounds which covalently bind to DNA. The DMSO helps loosen the secondary structures that may be prohibiting the Tag polymerase from attaching to the template strand and finally, the BSA is powerful co-enhancer and stabilizes the DNA polymerase and/or counteract the potential inhibitory effects of high concentrations of organic solvents on DNA polymerase activity. Result, the additives combination increases the PCR reaction efficiency; improve the specificity and the fidelity of DNA synthesis. Therefore, this proposed methodology is expected to be beneficial to carry out the metagenomic studies samples. Keywords: Community DNA, 16srRNA, chitinase gene

84

Histidine containing Phospho Transfer 4 (HPT4) isolated from Saccharum spontaneum acts as a key signalling molecule in response to multiple stress conditions Dharshini S, Manoj V M, Ashwin Narayan J, Sarath Padmanabhan T S and Appunu C Genetic Transformation Laboratory, Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore – 641007, Tamilnadu, India [email protected]

Sugarcane (Saccharum sp) belongs to Poaceae family and important commercial crop cultivated worldwide. The productivity of sugarcane is highly affected due to low temperature stress. S. spontaneum is a wild relative of sugarcane and known genetic source for cold stress tolerance to commercial varieties. Hence, cold tolerant S. spontaneum clone IND 00-1037 was selected to understand mechanisms of cold tolerance using transcriptome approach. Three months grown plant was exposed to 10° C for 24hrs and RNA seq was performed using Illumina Nextseq500 platform by pairing end method. There were 2583 unigenes upregulated and 3320 down regulated in differential gene expression (DGE) analysis. Importantly, histidine-containing phospho transfer protein 4 (HPT4) was upregulated by 4.6 Log2 fold upon cold stress and this found to transduces the signal to the nucleus through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation cascade in other crops. Therefore, HPT4 might play an essential role in the cold tolerance in S. spontaneum. HPT4 (459 bp) gene was isolated and expression analysis was performed under low temperature, drought and salinity stress conditions. Transformation vector was constructed by cloning the HPT4 gene in pCAMBIA 1302.1 vector.

Keywords: commercial crop, vector, transcriptome.

85

Ectopic expression of choline oxidase (codA) gene through genetic engineering to develop drought tolerant sugarcane Bhavadharani D, Ashwin Narayan J, Valarmathi R, and Appunu C Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore – 641007, Tamilnadu, India [email protected]

Metabolic acclimation via the accumulation of compatible solutes is regarded as a basic strategy for the protection and survival of the plants in extreme environments. Glycinebetaine (GB), a quartenary amine, is a compound which is produced in response to different abiotic stresses. GB, during stress conditions, involves in the protection of macrocomponents of plant cells, such as protein complexes and membranes. The synthesis of GB varies from plant to plant depending on the stress tolerant level of the plant. Three distinct pathways for the synthesis of GB have been identified in spinach, Arthrobacter globiformis, Escherichia coli. In spinach and E. coli, GB is produced through double oxidation steps whereas in A. globiformis, choline is directly oxidized into glycinebetaine by choline oxidase which is encoded by codA gene. GB is an osmolyte that helps in maintaining homeostasis of cell thus helps in normal photosynthesis and cellular functions during stress conditions. In a GBdeficient plant species it is necessary to increase the level of GB to increase its level of tolerance towards stresses, to achieve this genetic engineering is a vital tool. In this study, for the first time in sugarcane, optimized codA gene is transformed into commercial sugarcane (Co 86032) to improve drought stress tolerance.

Keywords: Sugarcane, codA gene, Drought tolerant

86

Analysis in blood sample collection for gene amplification Aishwarya Amirdharaj, Vijaykumar S, Afrin and Abisheik R Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Trichy-620023, Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Trichy - 620026, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Genome analysis requires the fundamental material called DNA which is retrieved from human blood-a vital source to decode. The collection of the sample has evolved since 1870s such as blood components which initiated the effective extraction of DNA from the streaming fluid of the human body. After which various protocols adopted that very differently on modes of collection and forms of the sample depending upon different demands in the process of amplification. There are several possible ways of retrieving samples in terms of analyzing the nucleic acid but choosing an appropriate method is ideal wherein amplification techniques are highly sensitive even very less amount of suitable sample can also be used for decoding. The impacts of these processing methodologies develop the mysteries to attain the core of genomics. This research work demystifies by a general analysis of different demands on sample collection, trends in methodologies, delivers and initiates vision and path for future research on this context.

Keywords: Human blood, Amplification, Genomics, Methodologies.

87

In vitro propagation of endangered tree sps Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Bedd.) Warb. from southern western ghats Marimuthu E 1 and Muthuchelian K2 1

PG & Department of Botany, Sri Vidya Mandir Arts & Science College Katteri – 636 902, Uthangarai, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Bioenergy, School of Energy, Environment and Natural Resources Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected]

Medicinal plants are regarded as divine gift from the Mother Nature to combat diseases that haunt mankind. In this study, one of the evergreen endemic and endangered medicinal plant, namely Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Flocardiaceae) was selected The seeds of this plant are used for the treatment of ulcers, biliousness, leprosy and epilepsy. In condition 1, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with cytokinins (BAP) alone or combined with auxins (2, 4-D, NAA, IAA, IBA and GA3) at different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 µM) were used for in vitro propagation of H. macrocarpa. Best callus proliferation was obtained using MS medium supplemented with BAP and in combination with NAA and 2, 4-D (3µM, 4 µM). In condition 2, MS medium supplemented with Coconut water (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 %) alone or combined with Aloe vera jelly at different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 %) were used for in vitro propagation of H. macrocarpa. Best callus proliferation, shoot tip proliferation and auxiliary root and shoot formation were observed in MS medium supplemented with Coconut water and in combination with Aloe vera jelly extract. Thus, the natural growth regulators supplemented along with the media gave a positive response for plant growth. The results showed that the natural growth regulators, such as Coconut water and Aloe vera jelly extracts were found to be efficient over synthetic growth regulators (auxin and cytokinin). The presence of IAA and IBA in both Coconut water and Aloe vera jelly extracts were confirmed by HPLC analysis.

Key Words: Benzyl Amino Purine, Hydnocarpus macrocarpa, Naphthalene acetic acid, Indole 3-acetic acid, Indole Butric acid, Gibberilic acid, 2, 4- Dichlorophenoloxy acid

88

In silico characterization of stress responsive ALDH 7B4 from Erianthus arundinaceus Swathik Clarancia P, Ashwin Narayan.J and Appunu.C Genetic Transformation Lab, Division of crop improvement, ICAR- Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore-07, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected]

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) isone of the major sources of sugar grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Sugarcane production is widely affected by drought conditions caused by vagaries of monsoon and erratic rainfall. Genetic engineering is one of the key strategies to remedy the situation by introducing stress responsive genes to produce drought tolerant crops.Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are family of enzymes which act upon reactive toxic aldehydes to maintain aldehyde homeostasis. Also ALDHs involves in aldehyde detoxification, scavenging of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation inhibition.In addition, stress responsive ALDHs impart resistance to dehydration and heat stress via modulating signal transduction pathways and stress regulatory pathways. EaALDH 7B4 was isolated from Erianthus arundinaceous, a wild relative of sugarcane known for its drought resistant to understand evolutionary relationship, function and defensive role during drought stress. This gene showed differentially upregulated expression under drought stress conditions. Hence, this gene could be a potential candidate gene to produce drought tolerant transgenic sugarcane.

Key words: drought tolerant crops, ALDHs, Erianthus arundinaceous.

89

FT-IR fingerprinting & screening of different endophytic fungal isolates obtained from three mangrove plants for the presence of antibacterial activities and five different biodegrading enzymes Jisha Daniel1 and Renosh Tom Varghese K2 1

Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Insitute, Palode, Karimankode P.O., Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala-695562. 2 Mar Thoma College, Kuttapuzha P.O., Tiruvalla, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala-689103 [email protected]

Mangrove plants occupy areas with unique environmental factors, both physical and chemical. This makes them ideal for screening potential bioactive compounds having application in different fields of human activities. Mangrove swamps (mangals) are a rich source of fungi known as manglicolous fungi. They have a wide range of application in different fields and a prolific source of unique secondary metabolites. The present study aims at identification, characterization, enzyme profiling and screening against antibacterial activity of five endophytic fungal isolates obtained from the three selected mangrove plants viz. Excoecaria agallocha, Sonneratia caseolaris, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. The cultures were purified and subjected to FT-IR fingerprinting for further characterization. The characterized isolates were screened for antibacterial activity and biodegrading exoenzymes like Amylase, Cellulase, Laccase, Lipase and Protease etc. The obtained fungal isolates are identified as Alternaria fasciculata, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Cylindrocarpon sp. Rhizoctonia sp. and a Sterile mycelium. Among these, Alternaria fasciculata exhibited highest biomass yield however, Sterile Mycelium reported the lowest biomass yield. The FT-IR finger prints reveal unique patterns in three prominent areas, viz. lipids, carbohydrates and protein profile. Among all the isolates obtained, Cylindrocarpon sp. produces four out of the five exoenzymes screened. On the contrary, Laccase was the only enzyme produced by Sterile Mycelium. Every fungal isolate produced at least one biodegrading enzyme and it has implication in explaining the interrelationship between the host plant and endophytic fungi. These enzymes also are important industrially; therefore some of these fungal isolates could be subjected to further study in view of industrial scale isolation of these relevant enzymes. Key words: Endophytes, Enzyme profiling, Mangrove fungi.

90

In vitro propagation of Orthosiphon stamineus benth - An important medicinal plant using nodal explants Vignesh M and Senthilkumar M PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Dharmapuri - 636 705, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected]

The aim of the present study was to develop an in vitro propagation protocol for establishment of plant regeneration from nodal explants of valuable medicinal plant, Orthosiphon stamineus in different concentrations of hormones. This plant has valuable medicinal activities and different parts of the plant are pharmaceutically used for the treatment of various diseases. Nodes were used as explants for the induction of multiple shoots. The explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) and Kinetin (KIN) alone and BAP in combination with α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for multiple shoot induction. The maximum number of shoots was produced in BAP 1.0 mg/l after 2 weeks of culture. An average of 8.39±0.12 shoots measuring 5.24±0.10 mean length was produced from each explant. Multiple shoots which were maintained on the proliferation medium for 6 weeks had the highest proliferation rate.

Separation of multiple shoots and culturing in larger flasks

significantly promoted the growth and formation of plantlets. For root induction from in vitro shoot were transferred to MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA and NAA. Similarly, maximum number of root induction was observed in half strength MS medium with 1.0 mg/l concentrations of IBA. Highest percentage of root induction (71.4%), 5.23 cm length was observed in 2.0 mg/L IBA. The rooted plantlets were hardened in the mixture of 1:1:1 ratio of soil, sand and vermiculite. 80-92% of plants were successfully established in the field. All the in vitro plantlets survived when transferred to the field and showed no significant morphological differences from the mother plants.

Keywords: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, nodal explants, MS medium, multiple shoots.

91

Study on using plant extracts against the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera on Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato) Emgiyaar M, Mirunalini Raj V, Arunagiri V, Ravi G and Sundararajan G Dept. of Botany, Govt. Arts College, Dharmapuri-5, Tamil Nadu, India

Botanical pesticides are now emerging as a valuable component of pest management strategies in all crops due to their efficacy to insect pests and safety to their natural enemies. The prime purpose of the study is to check the efficiency of plant extracts against the Helicoverpa armigera on tomato. The trial test was performed in randomised block design with six treatments and three replications. The infestation was evaluated and subjected to analysis of variance with LSD. Field experiments were performed to check the efficacy of chemical and botanical formulations against fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera infesting tomato. Plants derived chemicals act as an environmentally safe alternative to chemical pesticides. Secondary metabolites from plants play a key role against the pests and act as antifeedants, oviposition deterrents and growth inhibitors. Plant extracts pose less threat to the animals, human and society. The results showed that all three insecticides performed well in reducing the infestation in fruits by the H. armigera. Simultaneously three plants extract Vitex negundo, Aristolochia leaf extract, Jatropha curcas also applied to check their efficacy against fruit borer. Among these plants extract Vitex negundo extract perform well against H.armigera. After the application of Vitex negundo 4th spray, the percent infestation was 3.83 and 70.99% mortality while Aristolochia leaf extract and Jatropha curcas were comparatively less potent with 44.5% and 60.6% mortality respectively.

Keywords: Heliocoverpa armigera, Botanical extracts, Biodegradable.

92

Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on phytoremediating potential and yield of sunflower in cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and lead nitrate [Pb (No3)2] polluted soils Palanisamy K1, Deepa M3 and Lenin M2 1

Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal, Tamilnadu 3 Dept. of zoology, Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women (Autonomous), Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu. 2

Increasing human population explosion, rapid industrialization, deforestation, unplanned urbanization, scientific and technological advancements are mainly responsible for all kinds of pollution. The developments of science and technology and new types of industries have provided new materials which are needed for our comfortable life. Each industry is associated with a release of many pollutants which directly or indirectly cause the adverse effects on the environment. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) affords a gorgeous system to advance plant-based environmental clean-up. The experimental plant of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were raised in pots, the pot containing 2 kg of soil with AMF various levels of two different heavy metals such as Cadmium chloride (CdCl2), Lead Nitrate [Pb (NO3)2] the treatment viz., control, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/kg soil. Five replicates were maintained for each level. Morphological parameters like root and shoot length, number of leaves, total leaf area and fresh & dry weight of root and shoot of experimental seedlings. The nutrient content of TN, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Co, Fe and Mn of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were noted in 15th DAS of seedlings. The Cadmium chloride (CdCl2), Lead Nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] treatments at all levels decreased the different growth parameters and nutrient contents of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The AMF with (CdCl2), [Pb(NO3)2] treatments plants increased all the parameters. The AMF have an important role in promotion of biological and chemical properties of sunflower seedling under both heavy metals stressed.

Keywords: CdCl2, [Pb (NO3)2], AMF, Morphological parameters, Nutrient content, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

93

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using essential oils of Artemesia vulgaris as reducing agent to evaluate the antibacterial potential against infectious bacteria Rathish Kumar S and Priya S PG & Research Department of Biotechnology Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore. [email protected]

Metal Nanoparticles have received global attention due to widespread and their biomedical and remediation applications. The present study describes the antibacterial activity of the sliver nano particle synthesized using Artemisia Vulgaris oil extract. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV- Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument. Antibacterial properties of green synthesized AgNPs were studied in Muller Hinton Agar by disk diffusion method against human pathogens which is responsible for wound healing. The synthesized AgNPs was coated on textile material and tested for antibacterial activity according to EN ISO 20645 to produce wound dressing textile materials in biomedical field. Functional Fabrics have become an important issue in the textile industry, especially the antimicrobials ones. Generally, fabrics provide a good contact area and can absorb moisture, both required for microbial growth. This growth can lead to allergic deterioration thus the incorporation of antimicrobial agents on textile products able to overcome these problems finds to be more significant. Silver wound dressings have been used for over a decade to clinically treat various wounds, such as burns, chronic ulcers, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and pemphigus (chaloupka). When compared to standard silver sulfadiazine and gauze dressings, AgNP wound dressings significantly decreased wound healing time by an average of 3.35 days while simultaneously increasing bacterial clearance from infected wounds with no adverse effects. Keywords: Artemisia vulgaris, AgNP, Antibacterial activity, UV-VIS spectroscopy, diffraction spectroscopy.

94

Pollination biology of Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br. (Lamiaceae) Karuppa Samy K, Karthik Raja M and Ramasubbu R Department of Biology, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The knowledge of phenology and floral morphology is essential for studies on floral biology, pollination biology and conservation if any. The complete study on the phenological events of Anisomeles malabarica was revealed that, the shrub exhibits periodical flowering and fruiting which were observed during the particular the period (December-March). The peak flowering period was observed from the end week of December to second week of January whereas the third week of January to February number of flowers was opened. The fruits were developed from the end of the week of December to March. The morphological characters of Anisomeles malabarica.R. Br. was analyzed in the laboratory with 20-25 flowers. The various floral visitors were observed and recorded from January to February at different time periods (0700-1700h)

which

include

Xylocopa

latipes,

Xylocopa

aestuans,

Xylocopa

violaceae,(carpenter bee), honey bee (Apis dorsata), (sunbird) Nectarina asiatica (male), Nectarina asiatica (female), Amegilla sp. (Blue-banded bees), Butterfly, Rock bee and unidentified bee. Of these, Xylocopala tipes was found as more effective pollinators with total number of visits 401 times in different periods, the peak visiting time was recorded as 09001100hrs. The floral visitor namely Honey bee (Apis dorsata) visited 38 times, during 07001300 h. Honey bee took 12±2 sec per flower and actively visit all flower in each inflorescence. Two onithophillants, namely Nectarina asiatica (male), Nectarina asiatica (female). The total number of visit and the total visiting time were recorded as 87 and 0700-1300h. The Butterflies were also observed in all flowers in each inflorescence. The most frequency of pollinators was Amegilla sp. (Blue-banded bees) and Xylocopa violaceae (carpenter bee). Keywords: Anisomeles malabarica, Lamiaceae phenology, onithophillants

95

Chemical composition of essential oil isolated from the leaves of Psidium cattleianum sabine and its biological potentialities Tamil Selvi M, Tamil Nila S, Sasi Kala N and Ramasubbu R Department of Biology, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Psidium cattleianum Sabine is a shrub or small tree native to Brazil, commonly called as Strawberry guava and also known as araca belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Its leaves are used in folk medicine as an antihaemorihagic, antispasmodic and anti-diarrhoeal agent. The essential oil was extracted from leaves by using Clevenger apparatus. About 0.64% (v/w) of pale greenish oil with aromatic odour was obtained from the leaves. The essential oil was analyzed through GC-MS and nine bioactive compounds such as α-ocimene, β-transocimene, β-linalool, β-elemen, azulene germacrene, β-germacrene, azulene, and α-selinene were identified with Retention time, Area (%). The essential oil was also evaluated by antimicrobial activity. The oil was tested against human pathogens such as, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter koseri, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Entrococcus faecalis using agar well diffusion method. Leaves contain compounds active against antibiotic-resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria which are important human pathogens. The total phenolic (224.89 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid contents (1081.62 mg QE/g DW) of the oil was determined by spectrophotometer using Gallic acid and Quercetin as equivalents. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was also done by using DPPH assay and Phosphomolybdenum assay. The antioxidant activity of DPPH assay which exhibited the IC50 value as 437.5 μg/ml and also calculated the significant quantity of total antioxidant as 15.37 μg AAE/mg of sample.

Keywords: Psidium cattleianum, folk medicine, GC-MS, DPPH assay.

96

Emerging approaches in fermentative production of statins by filamentous fungi Naman Gupta1, Sudheer Kumar Singh2, Ashok Pandey3 1

Department of Biotechnology Bharathiar University, Coimbatore; Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow; Biotechnology Division, 3 CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum. 2

Microbial metabolites have many important applications in pharmaceutical and healthcare industry. The products of microbial origin are usually produced by submerged fermentation. The solid-state fermentation represents an alternative mode of fermentation, which is increasingly being employed as an alternative to submerged fermentation for. metabolite production. The prospect of producing high-value product using low-value raw material offers a substantial premium to switch to these technologies. The cost of statins being one major factor, solid-state fermentation with agro-industrial residues as carbon, nitrogen and support matrix, promises to substantially lower the cost of production. Hence, newer approaches are required to exploit the agro-industrial residues for statin production. The development of these technologies offers an opportunity to exploit low-cost substrates without substantial investment in newer production methodologies. The emerging evidence of beneficial effect of statins in applications other than lipid lowering such as in Alzheimer disease, HIV, age-related dementia, and cancer chemotherapy makes it very important to develop methods for economic production of statins.

Keywords: Statins. Agro- industrial residues, Submerged fermentation. Solid-state Fermentation.

97

Genetic and pharmacological toxicity - protective measures Ponnan Arumugam1, Kulanthaiyesu Arunkumar2, Marudhamuthu Murugan3 and Kadarkarai Murugan1 1

Department of Zoology, School of Life Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046 Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Riverside Transit Campus, Padanakkad-671 314, Kasaragod, Kerala, India 3 Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Science, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai – 625 021

2

[email protected]

Genetic and pharmacological toxicity study kindles in human being because they are exposing in various hazardous substances including mutagens/carcinogens along with therapeutic compounds like antitumor and antibiotics. As a consequence, array of physiological, biochemical and pathological changes including DNA damaged and leads to genetic alteration, endothelial dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysfunction, tissue injury, inflammation and cancer. 4-Nitroquinolin-1-oxide (4-NQO) is used as reference genotoxin as their genotoxic affect similar to human genotoxin effects. Genotoxicity of 4-NQO occurred through its metabolite, Ac-4-HAQO which is readily interacts with DNA and forming adducts at the N2, C8 and of N6 position. Then, the helical structure of the DNA changed and turns to micronuclei/chromosomal breakage. Since, 4-NQO also exerts their genotoxicity through oxidative stress by generation of ROS, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals during its metabolism. 4-NQO induced genetic toxicity was evaluated by measuring the micronuclei, DNA damage and apoptosis in mice bone marrow cells by micronuclei assay, comet assay and Annexin VFITC kit by flowcytometry, respectively. Pharmacological toxicity of acute inflammation study was also carried out with carrageenan induced paw edema in rats, acetic acid induced writhing and tail immersion methods in mice. Apart, protective effect against above said toxicity was measured by using phyto-pharmaceutical constituent presented brown algae, Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) Kuetz. In the present results revealed that 4-NQO significantly induced genetic toxicity through producing micronuclei, DNA damage and apoptosis in mice bone marrow cells when compared to control group. However, T. conoides pretreatment significantly protect genetic toxicity induced by 4-NQO and also significantly restored the inflammation induced by various substances. Keywords: Turbinaria conoides, 4-NQO, Genetic damage, Micronuclei, Apoptosis

98

Isolation of Lectin from Ganoderma lucidum Kumaran S, Senthil K and Kumar M Department of Botany, Periyar University Constituent College of Arts & Science, Harur, Dharmapuri-636903. Department of Botany, Madras Christian College (MCC), Tambaram, Chennai-600059, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin that can agglutinate cells or precipitate glycol conjugates. Although they were first identified in plants, they are now known to distribute widely throughout the nature, including plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and viruses. In mushrooms, lectins have been localized on the caps, stipes and the mycelia. Ganoderma lucidum, a white rot fungus was optimized for growth and lectin production in broth cultures. The fungus was found to have a higher growth rate and produce higher lectin activity, when grown in a medium adjusted to pH 6.3 at 28°C under stationary condition. Expression of lectin activity started at 7-day-old mycelial culture, with maximum activity being expressed after 12th day incubation. Among the various carbon and nitrogen sources tested, the carbon source sucrose and the nitrogen source yeast extract supports the maximum growth and lectin production. Lectin from Ganoderma lucidum was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified fraction revealed a single band with a molecular weight of 33.0 kDa. Furthermore, the carbohydrates including mannitol, glucose, sucrose, maltose, mannose, galactose, sorbose and fructose were found to inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of the lectin. The purified lectins from Ganoderma lucidum showed to contain cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic properties in HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells.

Keywords: Lectin, Ganoderma lucidum, HT-29 colon cancer and wood rot.

99

Indirect organogenesis of C. Gynandra L. Using leaf explants Sudan I and Karthikeyan A V P. P.G. & Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Karur 639 005, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

A reproducible protocol for indirect organogenesis of C. gynandra L. was developed from leaf explants. Callus was initiated from leaf explant on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentration and combinations of plant growth regulators. They are using (2 – 10µM) of BAP (6-benzyladenine), KN (kinetin), and TDZ (thidizauron) along with (1µM – 5µM) different auxins [NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid), IAA (indole-3 acetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid)]. Among the different concentration and combinations of auxins and cytokinins, maximum regenerative callus was observed in TDZ + NAA (10µM 2 µM). Similarly maximum shoot multiplication was achieved from callus at 20µM TDZ with 2µM NAA and Isolated shoots were carefully transferred to half strength MS medium supplemented with 2-10µM auxins, A maximum number of roots were observed in the elongated shoots when cultured on the half-strength MS medium containing 6µM Indole3-butyric acid (IBA). The rooted plantlets successfully hardened and transferred to greenhouse condition with 83% survival.

Keywords: C. gynandra, Callus, TDZ, Growth regulators.

100

Polysaccharide extraction from marine algae and their potential growth promoting activity in Trigonella foenum-graecum Ashitha sugunan1 and Gurusaravanan Packiaraj2 1

Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore -641 046, Tamilnadu, India. Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamilnadu, India.

2

[email protected]

Marine algae are the excellent nutrient resources in the ocean.The marine algae containing rich source of functional metabolites includes polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and mineral salts which are mainly consider for industrial and pharmaceutical application. Polysaccharides are one of the most important components in marine algae. The present study was used simple aqueous alkaline extraction method to isolate the polysaccharides from marine algae. The isolated polysaccharide wasconfirmed and characterized by analytical methods. In addition, different concentrations of polysaccharide isolates were tested in Trigonellafoenum-graecum. Interestingly, polysaccharide at 150mg L-1 and 200 mg L-1 concentrations revealed 90-100% of seed germination and promoted the plant growth upto 20% when compared with untreated plants.Thus, the polysaccharide plays a vital role in promotion of Trigonella seed germination and in order totheirplant growth. From this study, the low-cost polysaccharide extraction from marine algae and its utilization was highly precise for the sustainable agricultural development. Furthermore, investigation is needed for the specific mechanism of polysaccharide activation in plant growth.

Keywords: Trigonellafoenum-graecum, Polysaccharide, aqueous, marine algae

101

Effect of different soil types on growth and productivity of Red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Kavitha J R and Bharathi Murugesan Department of Biochemistry, Rev.Jacob Memorial Christian College, Ambilikkai

Phaseolus vulgaris, the common bean, is an herbaceous annual plant domesticated independently in ancient Mesoamerica and Andes, and now grown worldwide for its edible bean. For the cultivation different soils, Sand, Clay, Silt, Loam, Red, and Black were tried and found that the red kidney bean was excellent on Silt, the commonly used mass cultivation at present. Though, the growth of the Red kidney bean in Loam and Clay were also good, it is much inferior to that Silt and also the cost are very low and hence, the Silt is the best material for the cultivation of this Red kidney beans. According to the above study, growth of Red kidney bean was high in Silt soil followed by Loam and Clay among the soil used for study such as Sand, Clay, Silt, Loam, Red and Black soils. Even though Clay and Loam are good for cultivation of the Red kidney bean, it was less costly. In the trial to assess of this bean, the percent bean was high in all the soils. Red kidney bean at the 98 percent registered the highest followed by 95 percent, 74 percent, 66 against 48 percent and 32 percent. It was concluded that 98 percent of Red kidney beans will be less costly and viable. Kidney beans are a very good source of cholesterol lowering fibre. In addition to lowering cholesterol, kidney beans’ high fibre content prevents blood sugar levels from rising too rapidly after a meal.

Keywords: %-Percentage, G-Gram, Kg-Kilogram, S-Soil.

102

Impact of diethyl sulphonate on M1 attributes in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Parvathi S, Palanivel S, Muniappan V, Prabakaran V, Rajeswariand G and Manivel P Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Karur – 639 005, Tamil Nadu, India.

The healthy and viable seeds of groundnut cultivar TMV-7 were exposed to different concentrations of diethyl sulfate such as 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0 mM and sown in the field. The various growth and morphological parameters like percentage of seed germination, survival percentage plant height, days to flowering, total height at time of harvest, root length and number of lateral roots, number of pods per plant and pod weight were decreased with increasing concentrations of diethyl sulfate.All the characteristics studied were inhibited when compared to control at higher concentrations of DES. The lower concentrations like 5,10 and 15 mM concentrations enhanced all the parameters . But there was a sudden decrease in 20 and 25 mM. The shoots developed from different concentrations of DES showed variation in their number and height. The protein content also showed decreasing trend with increasing concentrations of DES. There was a steady increase of protein content up to 15 mM DES. After that, there was a drastic reduction in the protein content in 20 and 25 mM. From the diethyl sulphate treated populations, the shoots were collected and subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. The protein banding pattern also varied among various concentrations of DES. The protein band with 77.5 kDa was observed in 5 and 10mM treatments. Like that the 13.5 kDa was present in 10 and 25mM treatments. The 48.25 kDa recorded in 15 and 20mM treatments.

Keywords; TMV-7, diethyl sulphate.

103

Callus induction and amino acid profiling in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea l.) Palanivel S, Parvathi S, Muniappan V, Veerappan R Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Karur- 639 005, Tamil Nadu, India.

The effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D in combination with BAP in terms of callus induction and amino acid analysis was carried out in groundnut. The mature whole embryonal axes were dissected out and inoculated on callus induction medium containing various concentrations of 2,4-D and BAP. The concentration of 2,4-D was ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 mg / l and the cytokinin concentration was fixed as 50% of auxin. The percentage of callus induction, fresh and dry matter production was increased with increasing concentrationsof 2,4D and BAP. The compact, nodular calli were obtained from 3.0 mg / l of 2,4-D with 1.5mg / l of BAP. The HPTLC analysis of amino acid showed that there was a presence of seventeen amino acids in the explant and calli.Among the seventeen amino acids, theproline content was maximum at the same time isoleucine content was least amount. In due course of callus development there was a decreasing trend of amino acid content were observed.

Keywords: HPTLC, Auxin, Cytokinin.

104

Mass propagation of Oldenlandia biflora L. from the shoot tip Biula Preethi C, Velayutham P, Karthi C, and Saranya S PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Karur - Tamil Nadu, India.

Oldenlandia biflora L. is a little known member of Rubiaceae. It is a small, straggling herb found on the banks of water courses. A protocol for mass and rapid multiplication from the shoot tip was standardized in the present study. The shoot tips were cultured on MS medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP and Kin ranging from 5 µM to 25 µM. Both the cytokinins responded well in shoot induction and shoot multiplication. However, BAP was found to produce more number shoots when compared to Kin. Of the different concentrations of BAP, 15 µM BAP was found to induce more number of shoots. The isolated shoots were rooted on MS basal medium supplemented with different auxins, namely, IAA, IBA and NAA. Among three auxins tested, IBA was found to induce more number of roots. The well rooted plants were transferred to field through hardening with survival rate of 85%.

Keywords: Oldenlandia biflora L., Mass propagation, shoot tip, MS medium, BAP, Kin, auxins.

105

Adsorption of dyes on activated carbon using Nyctanthes arbortristis Vijaya Lakshmi N, Kavin D, Chaithra R, Raj Kumar A and Manimekalan A Biodiversity and Molecular Biology lab, Dept of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The purpose of the study is to investigate the adsorption properties of coral jasmine, Nyctanthes arbortristis on acidic and basic dyes. Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface. This process creates adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. The seeds contain arbortristosides A and B, oleic, lignoceric, nyctanthic acid. The seeds are washed with distilled water to eliminate sand impurities and other unwanted chemicals. The seeds were dried in oven at 70 degree centigrade for 24 hours. The seeds were grounded with crusher and sieved into small particles with the size between 1.0 and 2.0 mm. Those seeds were treated with 0.01M H2SO4 for 24 hours. Then it is washed with water and dried in oven for certain hours to produce adsorbent. A product obtained from the sources is made into charcoal powder. The powder is chemically treated in an acidic solution to produce non solid adsorbent and used for adsorption of dyes, various factors like pH, time, and temperature, initial concentration of dyes and adsorption ratio were taken into account. The result obtained implies that the coral jasmine can be used as low cost material for removal of dyes from the effluents.

Keywords: Nyctanthes arbortristis, adsorption, adhesion, impurities, charcoal and dyes.

106

Abstract CELL SIGNALING - ORAL 107

Modulatory effect of isopulegol on hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in high fat diet / streptozotocin and induced diabetic rats. Kalaivani K and Sankaranarayanan C Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar [email protected]

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of isopulegol on the altered activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in High fat diet/Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male wistar rats fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks followed by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35mg/kg b.w) dissolved in citrate buffer (0.1M pH 4.0). This resulted in significant hyperglycemia with a decline in plasma insulin levels. Diabetic rats exhibited decreased body weight, haemoglobin and increased glycated hemoglobin levels during the experimental period. The activities of hexokinase, glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase were decreased whereas increases in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase were observed in the hepatic tissues of diabetic control rats. Glycogen content in the hepatic and skeletal muscle tissue was found to be decreased in diabetic rats. qRT-PCR studies revealed an upregulation in the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in hepatic tissues of diabetic control rats. Oral administration of isopulegol at different doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days, improved insulin and declined glucose level in diabetic treated rats. At the effective dose of (100 mg/kg b.w) isopulegol restored the altered activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and also improved glycogen content in insulin dependent tissues. Similarly, down regulation of CREB expression was observed in isopulegol treated groups. Oral glucose tolerance test showed improved insulin secretion in diabetic treated groups. Immunohistochemical studies on pancreas supported the above finding. From this we conclude that isopulegol; a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol ameliorated the activities of metabolic enzymes and restored glucose homeostasis in diabetic treated rats. Keywords: Diabetes, Isopulegol, Streptozotocin.

108

Evaluating the anti-cancer potential of thymol against non-small cell lung cancer Jaya Balan D and Pandima Devi K Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi – 630003, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are the most common subtypes of lung cancers. It causes the highest mortality throughout the world. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are the currently available methods to treat NSCLC patients, but the predicted survival rate is only 5%. And also, these treatment methods cause side effects due to lack of targeting ability. In recent years, many potential anticancer drug molecules have been isolated from natural resources; these drug molecules treat cancer without causing any adverse side effects. Thymol is a natural compound extracted from thyme species plants. It is a monoterpene phenolic compound that exhibit antioxidant, anticancer activities, and act against various bacterial and fungal infections.The work presented here reveals the anti-lung cancer property of thymol. The obtained results showed that thymol significantly suppresses the A549 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner at 48h. Apoptotic morphological changes and loss of membrane integrity was also observed in thymol treated A549 cells. Thymol induced mitochondrial apoptosis which was evidenced by ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction and through the activation of caspase-3 and 9. Hence these results suggest that thymol will be a potential candidate against NSCLC.

Keywords: Lung cancer, Thymol, NSCLC, ROS

109

Encapsulation and characterization of naproxen loaded diatom nanoparticles for in vitro gastrointestinal delivery Pavithra K1, Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan1, Bong Ki Moon2, Jong Min Kim2, Si Wouk Kim2 and Selvakumar Sakthivel1 1

Department of Biotechnology, AJK College of Arts and Science, Navakkarai, Coimbatore 641105, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Pioneer Research Center for Controlling of Harmful Algal Bloom, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea. [email protected]

In this study, surface modified diatom nanoparticles were formulated as a carrier of naproxen, for proficient treatment of acute gastroenteritis. Diatom nanoparticles were prepared from diatomaceous earth by several alcoholic acid treatments and functioned with 3aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDAX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA/DTA). The formulations are polyshaped with smaller particles and high loading efficiency, identified as 76.05±3.8%. The drug releasing (in-vitro) capacity of naproxen loaded diatom nanoparticles was efficient at pH 7.4 and the mechanism was derived using different kinetic models. Among the models, Hixson-Crowell (R2= 0.9550) found to be a better fit for the drug releasing capacity of nanoparticles. It was concluded that the pH of the drug loaded diatom nanoparticles plays a major role in the naproxen delivery to acute gastroenteritis and were achieved at a near neutral (pH7.4) condition.

Keywords: Diatom nanoparticle, Surface modification, Naproxen, Drug delivery system, Mathematical modelling.

110

α-bisabolol β-D-fucopyranoside as a multi-target drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Mahalingam Jeyakumar and Kasi Pandima Devi Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi – 630003, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline. Currently approved drugs offer only symptomatic treatments for this disease or target only a single pathway of the disease manifestation. This necessitates the need for the mutitarget drug for the pathogenesis of AD. In this study α-bisabolol β-D-fucopyranoside (ABFP) was synthesized to target the pathogenesis of AD. The results of in vitro studies indicated that the ABFP showed significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidative and anti-aggregation properties against Aβ25-35 peptide. Further, in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies were carried out to expose the possible binding interaction mode of the lead with AChE and Aβ25-35 peptide and the results were found to be promising. In addition, the compound also exhibited significant neuroprotective potency against Aβ25-35 induced neurotoxicity in Neuro2a cells. Overall, from the results it may be concluded that ABFP can be proposed as an effective drug to combat the multiple targets of AD. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, ABFP, in silico molecular docking.

111

Identification and prediction of deleterious SNPs in PTPRC and TNFRSF1A genes causing multiple sclerosis and their structural analysis through In silico approach Rathish Kumar S, Jeslin Cheriyan Thomas and Tamilarasi G PG & Research Department of Biotechnology Kongunadu arts and science college, Coimbatore [email protected]

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disorder that affects central nervous system and spinal cord resulting in patches of plaques in the regions of brain and spinal cord. Disruption of axon-myelin relationship is due to the mutation (SNPs) in the genes namely PTPRC and TNFRSF1A. Polymorphism data for PTPRC gene results 453 nsSNPs and TNFRSF1A gene results 207 nsSNPs. The identified SNPs were taken to study with following software namely UNIPORT, imutant, POLYPHEN-2, PROVEAN and nsSNP ANALYSER. By using the above data, the deleterious SNPs have been identified through software analysis. As a result, the deleterious SNPs of PTPRC and TNFRSF1A genes were filtered to 12 and 3 respectively. The filtered SNPs were subjected to Homologous Modelling, where the wild and mutant models were built using Discovery Studio Visualizer. These studies in turn reported the most deleterious mutations through the graphical analysis. These structural variations indicated the alteration in their neuron function leading to their disorder. These predictions are further used for the delivery of drugs to target site, which can be analyzed by docking. These studies will also help in diagnosis of genetic disorders by predicting the mutations through in silico approach.

Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, PTPRC gene, TNFRSF1A gene, polymorphism and deleterious mutation.

112

Isolation of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Cyclea peltata and their antimicrobial activity Aswathy V Department of Biology, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Endophytes are microorganisms that live within plants. These are considered as an outstanding source of bio - active natural products and occupying millions of unique biological niches growing in different types of ecosystems. The benefit of symbiotic relationship for the endophyte is that the host plant is able to supply the necessary nutrients and compounds required for the endophyte to complete its life cycle. The endophytic fungi are rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity against several pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Candida albicans. And it is also potential for protecting plants from fungal diseases. Cyclea peltata is a herbaceous climber belongs to family Menispermaceae. Roots are used as medicine for treating skin diseases, wounds, and snake bite. Root juice used as nasal drops for headache. The endophytic fungi Colletotrichum gleosporiods were isolated from the medicinal plant Cyclea peltata. The antibacterial activity of the fungi was tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherchia coli and staphylococcus aureus. From the broth culture of the fungus both the culture filtrate and mycelial mat extract of different concentrations like 10,20,30,40,50,100,150 and 200µl were loaded in the discs which were placed in the plates where those three bacteria where swabbed, on observation there was inhibition shown in the higher concentrations.

Key Words: Cyclea peltata, Endophytic fungi, Colletotrichum gleosporiods, Antibacterial activity

113

Role of Phyllanthus emblica wood in water purificationphysical, chemical and bacteriological analysis Sooryakanth B Department of Biology, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Phyllanthus emblica, is widely used in Ayurveda, as a major implement for the treatment of various diseases or mental states. There is a traditional customary practice in Kerala, to keep amla wood at the extreme end of the wells, during the strenuous process of boring it. This is just because of its ability to purify the groundwater. This work, was carried out by examining several physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters of water. The parameters in concern was the pH, Electrical conductivity, TDS, hardness, alkalinity, chloride and coliform bacteria in the water sample. The sample water was taken from various geographical regions in Kerala at regular intervals. The obtained values were compared with BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) limiting values of the parameters under consideration. After the application of the wood of Phyllanthus emblica, all the parameters for most of the samples were found within the standard permissible limits according to BIS. Thus, the wood of Phyllanthus emblica or the Indian Gooseberry, can be used as the most effective, naturally available material of plant origin, to purify different sources of groundwater as well as drinking water. It can be considered as the most appropriate method in sort of purification of water, available at the low cost. Thus, the awareness about the water purifying role of the wood of Phyllanthus emblica, both in the scientific community and among the common people, will throw lights on this natural cleansing mechanism, which would even substitute all other existing expensive and complex water purification techniques in use.

Keywords: Phyllanthus emblica, pH, Electrical conductivity, TDS, Hardness, Alkalinity, Chloride.

114

Effect of biochar on negating the antibiotic effect on soil bacterial population Ilamathi K P1, Murugesan K2, Wong JWC3 and Selvam A1 1

Department of Plant Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli - 627 012, TamilNadu, India 2 Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Palkalai Nagar, Salem, TamilNadu, India 3 Department of Biology, and Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong [email protected]

Use of antimicrobials to maintain health and productivity of animals escalate the issues related to the antibiotic contamination in the environment. Since 30–90% of the administered antibiotics are excreted via feces and urine, a significant portion reaches the environment. Upon reaching soil, antibiotics inhibit microbial activities responsible for soil nutrient cycles and promotes the generation of antibiotic resistance in the microorganisms. Mostly, the studies in India focused on the antibiotic resistance and the potential pathogen in the environment as an impact of poultry manures while the impact of manure-borne antibiotics on bacteria involved in nitrification, denitrification and symbiotic nitrogen fixation were not reported, this study aimed at investigating the impacts of antibiotics on bacterial population in presence and absence of biochar as a mitigation strategy in an incubation study in the absence of plants. The soil, and soil mixed with poultry manure at 5% were mixed with biochar at 2%, and subsequently spiked with enrofloxacin (ENR) at 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg of soil concentrations with suitable controls. The flasks were incubated and monitored for microorganism growth for 4 weeks The results of bacterial and fungal population indicate that a concentration-based effect of antibiotics in the soil may exist while the resident time of the antibiotics is expected to be shorter. The addition of biochar indeed negated the effect s of antibiotics based on the bacterial population while the effects are pronounced at higher concentrations.

Keywords: Antibiotic, poultry manure, bacterial population, nitrification

115

Comparative analysis of extracellular alkaline protease production from Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. AnishaMol M1, Selvakumar Sakthivel1, Geun Ho Gim2, Seo Sun Il2, Si Wouk Kim2 and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan1 1

Department of Biotechnology, AJK College of Arts and Science, Navakkarai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Pioneer Research Center for Controlling of Harmful Algal Bloom, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea. [email protected]

In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate high protease producing bacteria from milk effluent and to screen their activity to produce extracellular protease using skim milk agar plates. Among the 25 isolates, two bacetrial species produced maximum zone of clearance. The isolates were identified by colony morphology, biocehmical tests and neighbourjoining phylogenetic tree was constructed using 16srDNA sequences. From the resuts, the isolates were identified as Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Further, the protease medium and defined medium with three different protein estimated substrates such as wheat bran, black gram husk and ground nut oil cake have been used to produce extracellular alkaline protease. The pH and temperature for the maximum bacterial growth was obtained at 8.0 and 35°C respectively. Among the three substrates used in this study, wheat bran and black gram husk were showed higher proteolytic activity. Comparatively Bacillus sp. produced high amount of protease than Pseudomonas sp. with the optimum conditions. The higher amount of production (22 units) was achieved by Bacillus sp. at optimum conditions and wheat bran as substrate. This result recommends that Bacillus sp. may be used to produce higher protease than Pseudomonas sp. and alsoo the wheat bran and black gram husk can be used as a best low-cost carbon sources in industrial scale protease production.

Keywords: Protease, zone of clearance, carbon source, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp.,

116

Enhanced bioethanol production from sono and microwave -assisted alkali pretreated corn stover Anju K R1, Selvakumar Sakthivel1, Geun Ho Gim2, Ki Moon Bong2, Si Wouk Kim2 and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan1 1


Recently, bioethanol production from lignocellulosic agricultural waste materials was given more importance, due to the high energy, polymeric nature, easy availability and low cost. However, there are many challenging task may be raised during the conversion of lignocellulose to simple reducing sugar followed by fermentation process. The delignification process plays major role in efficient conversion of lignocellulosic waste materials to fermentable sugars. An efficient and cost effective pretreatment is necessary to get high yield of reducing sugar. In order to find a suitable pretreatment method, we made an attempt to use sono and microwave assisted pretreatment method for alkali pretreated corn stover. From the results, the maximum delignification obtained by 5% sodium hydroxide treatment with 7.5% of corn stover was 38.53% after 36h. The solid material obtained from the alkali treatment was subjected into sono and microwave assisted process. The total fermentable sugar obtained during sono and microwave treatment was 0.536g/g and 0.716g/g of corn stover respectively. The optimum conditions [OP] for maximum ethanol yield (62.46%) was observed with 50g/l of sono assisted corn stover substrate, 12% Kluyveromyces sp. inoculum, 7.5FPU/g of cellulase, temperature - 37°C, pH - 6.5 and 60h of incubation. Under OP, 72.19% of ethanol yield were obtained from microwave assisted pretreated corn stover substrate. In summary, microwave assisted pretreatment process enhanced the ethanol production by 39.82% compared with sono-assisted pretreatment.

Keywords: delignification, bioethanol, sono-assisted, microwave-assisted, cellulase, lignocellulosic waste.

117

Light and scanning electron microscopic studies on the effect of Trachyspermum ammi on Cotylophoron cotylophorum Manigandan C, Shettu N and Veerakumari L Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai – 30, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Sheep are important source of income particularly for marginal farmers and landless laborers in India and contribute towards their economy. Paramphistomosis is a worldwide problem which reduces the production potential of livestock. Cotylophoron cotylophorum is a paramphistome occurs in the rumen and reticulum of the sheep, goat, cattle and other domestic ruminants. In the current investigation histopathological and pathomorphological changes of C. cotylophorum induced by ethanol extract of Trachyspermum ammi (TaEE) were studied using light and scanning electron microscope. Histopathological observation revealed the formation of vacuoles in the tegument and parenchyma. Atypical eggs in ovary was observed after 8h of exposure at 0.5mg/ml of TaEE. Pathomorphological changes on the TaEE-treated worms reveal rupture and roughening of tegument after 8h of exposure at 0.5mg/ml concentration. The present study revealed the deleterious effect of TaEE on the surface topography and internal architecture of the parasite which will affect the physiological functions of C. cotylophorum, ultimately results in the mortality of the parasites. The present investigation suggests the possible use of Trachyspermum ammi to combat paramphistomosis.

Keywords: Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Trachyspermum ammi, Light and Scanning microscope.

118

Induction of systemic resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) against Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Ciceris through plant defense activators Murali Sankar P, Vanitha S, Kamalakannan A, Anantha Raju P and Jeyakumar P Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3. Department of Pulses, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3. Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3. [email protected]

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris a ubiquitous soil and seed borne pathogen in nature and it caused severe yield loss from seedling to harvesting stage in several agricultural crops. Especially it causes wilt disease in legume crop of chickpea and yield loss upto 40-90%. In this study, totally six plant defense activators viz., Bion, salicylic acid, potassium silicate, potassium PO4, humic acid and carbendazim (fungicide- check) were used against F. o. f. sp. ciceris through seed treatment at various concentrations viz., 1mM, 2mM and 3mM in sick soil conditions under pots. All the plant defense activators were significantly induced the resistance upto seven days after inoculation and after drastically reduced and minimized the wilt incidence also. Among them, salicylic acid @ 3mM conc. recorded maximum induction of peroxidase (1.593 changes in absorbance/min/ g of fresh tissue), polyphenol oxidase (1.427 changes in absorbance/min/ g of fresh tissue), superoxide dismutase (7.605 Unit/min/ g of fresh tissue) and phenol (19.24 µg catechol/min/g of fresh tissue) upto seven days after inoculation, the lowest wilt incidence was recorded 18.33% and the lowest root colonization of Foc @ 4 cfu/g of sick soil compared than others.

Keywords: Plant defense activators, Bion, Foc, Induced systemic resistance and Peroxidase

119

In silico and In vivo antihepatotoxic activity of Portulaca quadrifida Rathish Kumar S and Bhuvaneshwari S PG & Research Department of Biotechnology Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Medicinal plants are nature’s gift to human beings to help them pursue a disease-free healthy life as they play a vital role in preserving health. Plants have been used as drugs by humans since thousands of years ago. Today, all the world’s cultures have an extensive knowledge on herbal medicine. There are about 45,000 medicinal plant species in India, with concentrated spots in the region of Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The officially documented are 3000 but traditional practioners use more than 6000 plant species. In this study we have taken Portulaca quadrifida it is said to be useful in asthma, urinary discharges, cough, inflammations and ulcers. It also possesses activity of hepatotoxicity,

antioxidant,

antifungal,

anticancer,

antidiabetic,

hypocholesteremic,

neuroprotective activity. The present study is therefore an attempt to assess the efficacy of this indigenous herb 10% ethanolic extract for its hepatoprotective activity against cisplatin induced toxicity model in mice and it includes molecular docking, ligand interactions and aminoacid binding sites for the compounds which serves as a marker for liver tissue damage (receptor binding protein) and efficient compounds in the extract from the GC-MS results and serum biochemical assays, antioxidant and histopathological studies were done. These results states that the compounds dodecanoic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide from P.quadrifida ethanolic extract showed higher range of antihepatotoxic activity in insilico studies and in histopathological studies, control mice showed normal architecture, the mice treated with cisplatin exhibited severe morphological changes with heavy perivascular inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes. Cisplatin-induced mice treated with PqE and Silymarin demonstrated normal hepatocytes with minimal perivascular inflammatory infiltrate indicating the protective effect of these pharmacological agents. Keywords: P.quadrifida, GC-MS, Hepatotoxic, hepatoprotective activity, molecular docking.

120

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) – In vitro Study and its role against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in mice Rathish Kumar S, Muralidharan S and Keerthana V PG & Research Department of Biotechnology Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Nephrotoxicity is caused due to the poisonous effect of substances (both toxic chemicals and medications) on renal functions. Gentamicin was proved to be effective treating various types of gram negative bacterial infections. The silver nanoparticles synthesized from Actiniopteris radiata, due to its novel properties have been found to have increased activity against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in mice. The silver nanoparticles synthesized were confirmed primarily by the colour change. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, EDX, FTIR, SEM, Zeta potential and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Further the activity of these nanoparticles was carried out invitro by Anti-bacterial, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-thrombolytic activity. After treating the mice with silver nanoparticles, the levels of enzymes such as GST, GSH, SOD, CAT and GPx were also estimated by using kidney homogenate assays. On inducing nephrotoxicity in mice using gentamicin it showed sclerosis in glomeruli with interstitial inflammation and dilation in distal tubules with enlargement of capsular space.

While gentamicin induced mice treated

with silver nanoparticles synthesized from Actinopteris radiata even at low dose (250 mg/ml) showed minimal enlargement in capsular space, normal architecture of glomerulus and tubules compared with Actinopteris radiata (500 mg/ml). While the silver nanoparticles also protected the oxidative damage to mice by restoring the levels of CAT, GPx and SOD when compared with control groups. The results strongly suggest that the treatment with ArSNPs ameliorates gentamicin-induced oxidative stress in mice kidney by enhancing the antioxidant defence mechanism.

Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Actiniopteris radiata, Gentamicin, Nephrotoxicity.

121

Biofilm inhibition activity and antibacterial activity of Alpinia galanga rhizome extract against gram positive organism isolated from upper respiratory tract Manimekalai Kanagarajan1 and Teepica PriyaDarsini2 1

PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 2 Department of Biotechnology, KAHE, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Biofilm is a complex microbial community highly resistant to antimicrobials. The formation of biofilms in biotic and abiotic surfaces is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Streptococcus pyogenes is a major upper respiratory tract bacterial pathogen that causes a wide variety of diseases. Streptococcal biofilm is one of the important aspects of the antibiotic resistance mediated pathogenicity. This study has been undertaken to determine biofilm production ability by Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from hospital patients and to evaluate effectiveness of extract for eradication of Streptococcal biofilm, in vitro. Sixteen isolates of S. pyogenes were tested for biofilm production by using Microtiter-plate method only five isolates having biofilm formation. Methanolic extract of Alpinia galanga showed highest inhibitory activity. Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract revealed the presence of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, our study concluded that the A.galanga methanol extract eradicated streptococcal biofilm remarkably under in vitro conditions.

Keywords: Alpinia galanga, Streptococcus pyogenes, biofilm inhibition, phytochemical screening

122

Studies on the nutritive content in diseased tomato Hannah Selvakumari A and Wesely E G Dept of Botany, Arignar Anna Govt Arts College, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India. [email protected]

Tomato, the most important protective foods (lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) that grow in India both because of its special nutritive value and also because of its wide spread. Next to potato, Tomato is the second largest vegetable crop. But it tops the list of canned vegetables. From pre- historic times it is used as food by the inhabitants of central and South America. It is originated in peruvian and Mexican regions. In India tomato is introduced by the Portuguese. According to FAO, an area over 80,000 hectares was under tomato in 1978 with an annual production of nearly 7,40,000 tones. It is a warm season crop, cannot withstand severe frost. Crops grow well under temp. 21 -23 C. Best soil condition is rich loam .The Present analysis were carried out based on the nutrients present in the tomato like Proteins , Fats, Carbohydrates and Vitamins .Already the moisture content is high in Tomato(93.1) around all vegetable crops. The diseased tomato has high carbohydrate content and vitamin compared to fat and proteins. Protein is found to be the least quantity both in healthy and diseased tomato. The nutrient content such as healthy and diseased vegetables were investigated.

123

Growth rate of koi fish by using different natural feed (Apple, potato, earthworm) Kavitha J R, Mahendran V and Varun Raja D Department of Botany, Mother Teresa Women’s University College, Kodaikanal. Department of Biochemistry, Rev.Jacob Memorial Christian College, Ambilikkai.

Koi fish (A. testudineus) is traditionally a popular type of fish in this region. This fish is highly popular for its high nourishing quality and prolonged freshness. It is found in most of the fresh water bodies and is abundantly available from June to September. The investigation reported here had been carried out with the main objective to find the fish growth (A. testudineus) fed on formulated fish feeds reared in eight different tanks for a period of 60 days. Objective of the experiment also included to find the feed utilization by the experimental fish (A.testudineus). Optimum level of protein for the fish growths was also determined. Sabinco and three formulated fish feeds were used in the feeding and rearing trial of the fish (A. testudineus).Clean the tanks properly and take pure water at measured amount. Give a proper amount of oxygen to the fish tanks. The three tanks are clean at every three days ones and the water also change the every three days ones. Sometimes the fish tanks are kept under the sunlight to avoid some of the microorganism’s growth. T1, T2, T3 are the feeding samples. They are T1 is apple, T2 is potato, T3 is earthworm. These samples are taken and feeding to the fish during to the 5 weeks ratio. Then the measured food samples are feeding the koi fish every day. The koi fish is measured at every week once. Initial growth rate T1-1.5, T2-1.5, T32.0.Week five growth rate 5.7, .1, 7.3.T3-7.3 is an earthworm it only give the maximum amount of fish growth. Then second and third T2 and T1 is a potato and apple gives the growth to the fish.

Keywords: T-Test, MO-Microorganism, Vermicomposting

124

Anti-obesity effect of terminalia chebula extract on high fat diet induced obese mouse Mus booduga Ramya Subramani and Selvakumar Subramaniam Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

[email protected]

Obesity is a common metabolic disorder and rapidly becoming a global public health problem in the 21st century. Millions of adults are diagnosed as obese each year. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether the ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula has an effect on body weight in obese animal model induced by high fat diet. The ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula (EETC) was characterized by FT-IR, GC-MS, and LCMS. EETC was orally administered (500mg/kg) for 45 days to obese rats to determine its anti-obesity potential as compared to other groups. Experimental rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6): Group I: control rats, Group II: obesity control, Group III: obese mice+500mg/kg body weight of EETC and Group IV: control mice +500mg/kg body weight of EETC. The parameters evaluated are anti-hyperlipidemic activity, determination of lipid profile, physical parameters (Body weight gain, feed and water intake and feed efficiency ratio) and biochemical parameters (OGTT, ITT and fecal lipid content). The results of the present study revealed that the ethanolic extract of fruits of Terminalia chebula could be a useful intervention in the treatment of obesity. Further investigation is needed to identify the therapeutic potential and the exact mechanism of Terminalia chebula for the treatment of obesity.

Keywords: Ethanolic extract, Terminalia chebula, Hyperlipidemia, Obesity, High fat diet.

Effect of ethanol extract of Trachyspermum ammi on malate dehydrogenase of Haemonchus controtus 125

Sathish Kumar S and Veerakumari L PG & Research Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai – 30, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Haemonchus contortus is very common parasite of sheep and goat which is responsible for great production losses of small ruminants by causing loss in milk, meat, wool production and death of infected animals. Synthetic anthelmintic drugs have been used either prophylactically or curatively to combat helminth parasites. But the problem of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants leads to search for alternate medicine. Phytotherapy is currently an interesting area of research expected to be a promising reliable substitute to control helminths, without causing any adverse effect to host organisms. In this present work effect of ethanol extract of Trachyspermum ammi (TaEE) on Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) of H. contortus was studied in vitro. Worms were exposed to five different sub-lethal concentrations of TaEE for 2, 4 and 8h. Activity of MDH catalysing the malate oxidation and oxaloacetate reduction was assayed in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions following the procedure of Yoshida and Freeze (1969). The inhibition of MDH was dose and time dependent. MDH is a rate–limiting enzyme in the carbohydrate metabolism. TaEE significantly inhibited the cytoplasmic MDH and mitochondrial MDH catalysing both the oxidation and reduction reactions in H. contortus. The current investigation thus reveals that MDH provide a potential target for TaEE which impede energy generation process in H. contortus, leads to death of the worms.

Keywords: Haemonchus contortus, Malate dehydrogenase, Trachyspermum ammi.

126

Abstract CELL SIGNALING - POSTER

127

Morphological and cell wall compositional changes modulated responses to desiccation in Selaginella delicatula Akash D1, Yathisha N S1, Sharathchandra R G1, Barbara Plancot2, Azeddine Driouich2, Bruno Gugi2and Muriel Bardor2. 1

Center for bioinformation, Department of Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Prof. C.N.R Rao Block, Tumkur University, Tumkur, 572103 2 Laboratory of Glycobiology and plant Extracellular Matrix (Glyco-MEV), Faculty of Science, of the University of Rouen, France, 76821 [email protected]

Resurrection plants are excellent models to explore the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of desiccation tolerance. A better understanding of the unique features of resurrection plants might benefit efforts to improve crop yields under conditions of water deficit. The folding and reexpansion of leaves are the most important morphological changes that occur during desiccation. Folding might prevent the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by light during drying and rehydration. In present study we have analysed the Morphological changes and cell wall changes in Selaginella delicatula. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study shows that changes occur in the morphology with respect to the leaf folding pattern in Hydrated, Desiccated and Rehydrated stages. Alcohol Insoluble Residue (AIR) of Cell wall extracts from Selaginella delicatula in three states including hydrated, desiccated and rehydrated and AIR from cell wall extracts from hydrated, desiccated, rehydrated of Selaginella delicatula were further characterized using gas chromatography integrated with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Cell wall monosaccharides mainly arabinose (Ara), fucose (Fuc), galactose (Gal), galacturonic acid (GalA), glucose (Glc), glucuronic acid (GlcA), mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha) and xylose (Xyl). Results revealed that xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara) and mannose (Man) were the predominant sugars representing approximately 70% of the total hydrolysable sugars in leaf cell walls of Selaginella delicatula. Our study reveals that there of in arabinose helps in maintains the plasticity of the cell wall during desiccation. Keywords: Selaginella delicatula, Desiccation Tolerance, SEM, GC-FID, Cell wall Monosaccharides.

128

Citral, a monoterpene aldehyde from lemon grass oil mitigates carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) - induced hepatotoxicityin albino rats Deepa Balasubramaniam and Denci Sahayam Department of Biochemistry, D.G.G.Arts College for Women Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is one of the most dangerous hepatotoxic environmental pollutants thus this study aimed at investigating the potential preventive effect of citral against CCl4 - induced hepatotoxicity. Forty Male rats were allocated for seven days treatment with; olive oil, CCl4 in olive oil, citral (16mg/kg b.wt,p .o) ,At time of euthanasia liver was removed, weighted and processed for histopathological evaluation and estimation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities SOD, GSH-Px and CAT , phase I metabolizing enzyme [cytochrome P450 sub family 2E1 (CYP2E1)] an Phase II metabolizing enzyme, GST in liver tissue and evaluation of liver function tests . CCl4 induced significant (p < 0.001), increase in: relative liver weight to body weight, liver MDA content. In addition, CCl4 disturbed liver histology, liver metabolizing enzymes (CYP2E1 and GST), and liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase). CCl4 induced significant decrease in activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GSH content. Administration of citral with CCl4 mitigated all CCl4-disturbed parameters and preserved liver histology close to normal.

Keywords: Carbon tetrachloride; Liver toxicity; Oxidative stress; citral

129

Pum1 promotes ovarian cancer proliferation, migration and invasion Sharmila Lakshmi T V Shri Sakthi Kailassh Women’s College, Ammapet, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636003, India. [email protected]

Ovarian cancer is a common malignant tumor of female reproductive system and these ovaries are located in deep pelvic cavity. Therefore, the symptom of ovarian cancer was not found in early stage of cancer. The high level expression of PUM1 gene (RNA binding family member) is related to ovarian cancer but their function was not reported in ovarian cancer. The present study revealed that PUM1 has a major role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. MIT assay and colony formation assay was done to study the cell viability and cell growth. Immunohistochemistry reveals the expression level of PUM1 in ovarian cancer and their expression was related to the stages of cancer. The expression of PUM1 gene was silenced by using siRNA in ovarian cancer cell line A2780. The western blotting was performed to detect the expression level of STAT3, Bcl2, MMP2 and VEGEFA. Immunohistochemistry showed the high expression of PUM1 in ovarian cancer cells when it was compared to normal cells. MIT assay indicates that cell viability was inhibited due to down regulation of PUM1 gene. Western blotting was performed to study the expression of PUM1 gene which shows decreased expression of STAT3, Bcl2, MMP2 and VEGFA gene due to down regulation of PUM1. PUM1 has played a major role in development and progression of ovarian cancer. They provide potential target for early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and individualized treatment of ovarian cancer.

Keywords: PUM1, ovarian cancer, tumorigenesis, development, progression.

130

Detection of pathogens in drinking water through foldscope Sheela Sobana Rani K, Lavanya R and Roshan Jabeen M Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Water is considered as an essential source for existence of life on earth. It is a basic necessity for all living forms and its important use are for drinking purpose. For human and animal consumption water must be safe and free from microbes. Water plays an important role for the growth and multiplication of microbial pathogens in developing regions. Due to poor quality of drinking water, sanitation methods and improper maintenance of water pipelines there is a high incidence of emerging water borne disease. Pathogenic organisms such as virus, protozoa, bacteria and fungi are responsible for water borne disease. The organisms enter the water bodies through fecal-oral contamination. In this research work the source along with delivery points of drinking water supply will be checked. The primary identification of pathogen is done with the help of Foldscope (paper microscope) and microscopic techniques for the examination of water samples. Other microbiological analysis is carried out to differentiate the pathogenic organism from the samples. The water sample treatment can be done by standard methods to remove microbes from water and to make the drinking water safe for consumption and for household purpose.

Keywords: Microbial pathogens, Sanitation methods, Fecal-oral contamination, Foldscope, microbiological analysis

131

Analysis of antibiotic resistance of air-borne bacteria isolated from laboratory environment Amitha Nanggia R, Sharmilee S, Priya Darshini G, Priyadharshini S, Vinitha S and Palani P CAS in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai – 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Bacteria constitute large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Air-borne bacteria are important biological air-borne contaminants and pathogens. The present investigation was aimed at isolation and identification of bacteria isolated from the laboratory environment for resistance to conventionally used antibiotics such as ampicillin, streptomycin, rifamycin, kanamycin and chloramphenicol. The bacterial isolates were collected through air quality sampling using ‘open plate technique’ on Nutrient Agar plate. The plate was colonized by different bacterial isolates and the pure culture of them was isolated using standard microbiological techniques. From this NAM plate, seven prominent colonies were selected and used for antibiotic resistance analysis against different concentrations of ampicillin, streptomycin, rifamycin, kanamycin and chloramphenicol, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin and streptomycin. Molecular identification of those highly resistant isolates has been initiated by sequencing the amplified product of 16S rRNA gene from the respective bacterium.

Keywords: Air borne bacteria, antibiotic resistance, PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

132

Beyond proteostasis: Roles of type I chaperonins in bacterial pathogenesis Saikishore R, karthikeyan S and Aashiq N Department of Microbiology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Nearly all bacterial species express two or more chaperonin genes. Recent data indicate that type I chaperonins may be key players in bacterial infections. This is partly due to the wellknown contribution of chaperonins in cellular proteostasis, the latter being compromised during bacterial host infection. In addition to their protein-folding activity, it has been revealed that certain chaperonins also exhibit moonlighting functions that can contribute in different ways to bacterial pathogenicity. Examples range from inducing adhesion molecules in Chlamydophila pneumoniae to supporting intracellular survival in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Leishmania donovani, to inducing cytokines in Helicobacter pylori to promoting antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, amongst others. This article provides a thorough reviews of our current understanding of the different mechanisms involving type I chaperonins during bacteria–host interactions, and suggests new areas to be explored and the potential of finding new targets for fighting bacterial infections

Keywords: Proteostasis, Chaperonins, Cytokines, Genes, Protien-folding activity, Bacterial infections, pathogenicity.

133

Production and purification of keratinase enzyme from poultry waste Akila R and Manju R Department of Microbiology, Hindusthan college of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

The aim of the present study is to isolate keratinase enzyme from feather waste dumping soil, poultry farm soil sample in Coimbatore followed by complete characterization of potential keratinase with respect to identify them as well as characterize their enzymatic property and finally formulate feed supplement from feather waste using Bacillus sp on poultry. This keratinous waste could have a great potential as a source of protein and amino acids for animal feed. Keratinases are a particular class of proteolytic enzyme that displays the capability of degrading insoluble keratin substrates. Microbial keratinolytic enzyme may have potential application to reduce the environmental pollution and to prepare the feedstuff from keratin waste. Biochemical characterization reveal that the isolates were strong to release several enzymes. Protein profiling in SDS-PAGE is done. The isolates can is expected to improve the nutritional value of animal to feeds that contain feather and other keratin or waste from poultry processing. Additional research has to be done for purification and characterization of keratins, studying the kinetics of enzyme, testing for the range of substrates, effect of inhibitors and enhancing the activity of keratinase submerged state fermentation and large scale production of keratinase.

Keywords: Keratinase enzyme, Poultry, SDS-PAGE, Bacillus sp, Submerged fermentation

134

Biodegradation of endosulfan (chlorinated cyclodiene pesticide) by indigenous Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01 Haritha H, Anisha M, Selvakumar Sakthivel and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan Department of Biotechnology, AJK College of Arts and Science, Navakkarai, Coimbatore 641105, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

In the present study, a novel bacterial species was isolated from pesticide contaminated soil for enhanced endosulfan degradation. Based on colony morphology, cell morphology, biochemical characteristics and 16SrRNA sequencing analysis, this strain was identified and named as Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01. This bacterium has high endosulfan resistance and biodegradation ability at aerobic conditions. The best operating conditions such as pH, initial concentration of endosulfan and bacterial growth was estimated using NSM media and maximum degradation was obtained at pH 7.0 and 40mg/l of initial endosulfan concentration. The highest (98%) endosulfan degradation was obtianed at pH 7.0 and 40mg/l of endosulfan. From the results, it was revealed that the endosulfan acted as sole carbon source for bacterial growth. From the GC-MS analysis, the metabolic products released during degradation of endosulfan by Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01 was compared with standard GC-MS spectra. The complete endosulfan degradation was observed at 14 day incubation and the less toxic endosulfan diol was produced observed from GC-MS. In the concluding remarks, the pesticide contaminated isolate Pseudomonas sp. MSCAS BT01 is a promising bacterial species and it can effectively be used to degrade endosulfan from contaminated soils, sediments, and wastewaters.

Keywords: biodegradation, pesticide, Pseudomonas sp. 16srRNA, GC-MS, NSM media

135

Methyl orange dye degradation by immobilized Bacillus sp. and Aeromonas sp. in Lab Scale Batch Reactor (LSBR): A Kinetic Study Sradha S, Sneha H S, Selvakumar Sakthivel and Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan Department of Biotechnology, AJK College of Arts and Science, Navakkarai, Coimbatore 641105, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Highly toxic textile dye wastewaters released by a number of industries, leads to pollution to environment. It is a great concerned due to color, toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the dye. A considerable attention has been paid in reducing the toxicity of dyes. An effective method is necessary to remove these toxic dyes using cost effective and ecofriendly manner. In this study presents, the efficiency of Methyl Orange (MO) degradation using calcium alginate immobilized indigenous Bacillus sp. and Aeromonas sp. in a lab scale batch reactor (LSBR) at various operating conditions. The isolates were screened and identified by biochemical tasts and 16srDNA sequencing. The phylogenetic tree was constrcuted and compared with the excisting bacterial species. Maximum MO degradation was observed by Bacillus sp. at optimum conditions were at initial MO concentration, pH, temperature and bead size was 700mg/l, 7.0, 35ºC and 0.17 cm, respectively. The maximum degradation velocity (vmax) and half saturation contant (Km) was 0.928mg/l/h and 72.96 mg/l respectively. However, the MO degradation by Aeromonas sp. was lesser that that of Bacillus sp. The optimum operating conditions for maximum MO degradation as folllows: initial MO concentration, pH, temperature and bead size were 400mg/l, 6.5, 37ºC and 0.17cm, respectively. The vmax and Km were 0.571mg/l/h and 46.63mg/l, respectivley. From the experimental results, it was concluded that the immobilized Bacillus sp. has good potential in degradation of MO dyes.

Keywords: Biodegradation, Methyl orange, enzyme kinetics, LSBR, toxicity.

136

Efficacy of Gracilaria salicornia on lactate dehydrogenase of Indian major carp, Catla catla. Naveen Kishore S and Shettu N Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai – 30, Tamil Nadu, India.

Fish form one of the most important components of our diets. The most essential and major operational input in successful aquaculture is the feed; hence cheap and nutritionally balanced effective artificial feeds need to be developed. In spite of their usefulness, unfortunately only a little work has been done on the incorporation of seaweed in formulated feeds of freshwater cultivable fishes. In the present study, an attempt has been made to incorporate seaweed Gracilaria salicornia as one of the ingredients in pelleted feed and to evaluate the efficacy of the feeds on the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in Indian major carp, Catla catla. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) a glycolytic enzyme plays a key role in the carbohydrate metabolism of the fishes. It catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to lactate and oxidation of lactate to pyruvate The growth performance of Indian major carp (Catla catla) was assessed over our study period through formulated feeds (Groundnut oil cake, Rice Bran, Fish meal, Tapioca powder, Minerals and Vitamins) consisting of Gracilaria salicornia at different concentrations. The feed is fed at 10% of the body weight of the fishes. The parameters are estimated on a regular basis. Gracilaria salicornia incorporated food elevates the level of LDH in Catla catla compare to control fish. The data of the present study clearly demonstrated that Gracilaria salicornia, could be used in commercial formulated feed to increase the carbohydrate metabolism by enhancing the production of ATP and thereby increasing the activity of the fishes.

Keywords: Catla catla, Gracilaria salicornia, Lactate Dehydrogenase.

137

Electricity from polymer degradation Denisha kantesaria and Suja M, Department of microbiology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Nava India, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

This paper examines the biodegradation of polymer and generating electricity from the polymer degrading soil. Polymer disposal is one of the greatest major Problems facing in the environment today, as the vast amounts of synthetic polymer remains non-degradable. In contribution to regulate this potent ecological threat an attempt has been done to isolate polymer degrading microorganisms from the soil Sample (garbage soil). The microorganisms are isolated from the polymer media by spread plate technique and the biodegradation of polymer substance are analysed for 1 month of incubation in the liquid broth culture of microorganisms which are isolated from the polymer media plate. The aim of the study reveals the effect of soil properties on the generating electricity and the diversity of soil source exoelectrogenic bacteria. Soil can be used to generate electrical power in microbial fuel cells (mfcs), which convert chemical energy from soil organic compounds into electricity via catalysed by Soil exoelectrogenic microorganisms. A microbial fuel cell is made up of two electrodes an anode and cathode – linked by an electrical connection. Bacteria breathe out electrons, produced as part of their normal metabolism and it can be collected as an Electrical current to create a kind of battery. This finding could entirely new opportunities in bioenergy production.

Keyword: Polymer degradation, electricity, microbial fuel cell, exoelectrogenicbacteria.

138

Hypoglycemic effect of Momordica charantia polysaccharide in alloxan induced diabetic mice Krishnagaanth M1, Xin xu2 and cai-hu liao2 1

Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang

2

[email protected]

Momordica charantia [Bitter gourd] is tropical and subtropical herbaceous vine belongs to family Cucurbitaceae. The present study was designed to study the hypoglycemic effect of the polysaccharide extract of the Momordica charantia. The water soluble polysaccharide [MCP] was isolated from the fruit and investigated in both normal healthy and alloxan-induced diabetic mice for hypoglycemic effect. The study was carried for 28 days with oral administration MCP at concentration of 100, 200, 300mg/kg of body weight. Result showed that there is significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose level [BGL], marked increase in the glucose tolerance in alloxan induced diabetic mice and loss in the body weight is also prevented in the alloxan induced diabetic mice when compared with the diabetic control mice. The most significant hypoglycemic effect was achieved at the 300mg/kg concentration dosage. In addition, there is no toxic symptoms of MCP in the limited evaluation test performed in the mice. The result suggests that MCP has dose dependent hypoglycemic effect in the alloxan induced diabetic mice. So MCP can be supplemented in diet/drugs and in combination with the other hypoglycemia drugs in diabetic patients.

Keywords: Momordica charantia, Water soluble polysaccharide [MCP], Hypoglycemic, Fasting blood glucose level [BGL], Alloxan-induced.

139

Study about MDR- efflux pump protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae Rohin Karthik J, Indhukumar T and Arun Kumar Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641028, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Efflux pump in bacteria contribute to intrinsic resistance to a wide variety range of antibiotic and often have a broad substrate range due to the lack of new antibacterial agents. There is considerable interest in restoring the activities of older antibiotics by inhibiting the action of efflux pump and there being a usual area of active drug development by pharmaceutical companies, but the fact is that little is known about the interaction of such inhibitors with the bacterium. The addition of combinatorial drugs to the existing antibiotics can thereby enhance the activity and restore its effective use in treatment regimens. Keeping this in mind, the aim of current study was: 1. To isolate and identify a pathogenic multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical samples 2. To isolate and identify, the outer membrane multi drug resistant pump protein of isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae

Keywords : Efflux pump protein; Antibiotics; Hydrophobic drugs; Drug resistant bacteria; Multidrug transporters; Tripartite protein; Hydrophilic compounds

140

Plastic degradation by wax worms Santhiya K, Madhumathi R and Anusha M B Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Thiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India.

The wax worm, a caterpillar commercially bred for fishing bait, has the ability to biodegrade polyethylene a type of plastic used to make shopping bags. Plastics are synthetic polymers derived from fossil oil and largely resistant to biodegradation. The wax worms metabolize polyethylene plastic films into ethylene glycol, a compound which biodegrades rapidly. The degradation rate of plastics by using wax worms was extremely fast compared to other discoveries, like plastic eating bacteria. Introducing the wax worms and wax moths for plastic degradation into environments outside where they naturally occur cannot be done, as it would endanger other species in those ecosystems such as bees. However, the bacteria and their proteins responsible for the breaking down of the plastic can be cultured within a laboratory and have the potential to be used on a large scale for plastic recycling.

Keywords: Degradation, Wax Worms, Caterpillar

141

Biological control of chickpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Mirunalini Raj V, Emgiyaar M, Arunagiri V, Ravi G and Sundararajan G Dept. of Botany, Govt. Arts College, Dharmapuri-5, Tamil Nadu, India.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is grown widely in the world because the seeds are rich source of protein for the rapidly increasing population. However, the production and productivity of chickpea have been experienced drastically because of biotic and abiotic stresses. It is vulnerable to a broad range of pathogens and the mainly severe pest being gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera. For the management of this serious pest, application of insecticides has several adverse effects on living organisms and the environment as a whole, the use of biological agents for chickpea improvement appears to be appropriate approach. Various studies by different scholars on the effect of different bio-agents against H. armigera have been carried out and found to confer resistance to pod borer. The use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based microbial insecticides have become an integral part of IPM approaches, particularly because these preparations provide an environmentally suitable alternative to the generally hazardeous broad-spectrum chemical insecticides. These bacterial insecticides like Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV), which is target specific and exert no effect on beneficial organisms (e.g. parasitoids and predators). Similarly, various plant extracts have shown insecticidal properties and can be used effectively on field crops. Use of different bioagents and botanicals having easy ways of formulation, cost effective, environmentally suitable and no or minimal deleterious effect on non-target organisms, worthy of inclusion in most IPM packages.

Keywords: Bioagents; Cicer arietinum; Helicoverpa armigera; integrated pest management

142

Antidiabetic activity of Artemesia vulgaris against streptozotocin induced In vivo studies Rathish Kumar S and Hariharan Y PG & Research Department of Biotechnology Kongunadu arts and science college, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of essential oil of Artemesia vulgaris against streptozotocin induced rats. Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug at a dose of 2mg/kg. The essential oil doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, 500, 1000 mg/kg was treated against the standard drug. It was treated intravenously into diabetic induced rats. The blood glucose level was monitored at specific intervals which were found to be significantly low. Moreover, the decrease in body weight of rats after inducing diabetics and increase in body weight after treatment with essential oils was observed. The experiment data exhibited that the essential oils has significant antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin induced rats compared to standard drug. Thus, the essential oils exhibited maximum antidiabetic activity compared to standard drugs.

Keywords: Artemesia vulgaris, Glibenclamide, streptozotocin, antidiabetic activity.

143

Chronic kidney disease Anusha R and Karunya S Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a slowly progressive problem in the kidneys which takes time to advance to later stage. It has become common for the people of all ages to develop one or the other kidney problems, particularly in their middle and old age. If the kidneys get damaged, it leads to an increase in the toxicity in the body. If such a condition is not treated on time, it can eventually lead to kidney failure and may also harm the other organs of the body. In the recent times Machine Learning, a subdomain of AI has been widely used in order to assist medical experts and doctors in prediction for the diagnosis of various diseases and medical disorders. Machine learning applied to health care can generate action able insights, from improving upon patient risks core systems, for predicting the onset of disease, to stream lining hospital operations. Preventive health is an upcoming research for the diagnosis of health problems. The methods of machine learning provide a clear vision about the chronic kidney disease and its consequences and which predicts whether the patient has chronic kidney disease or not. Results show that, performance of classifiers are almost same for the original and normalized dataset. By using classification done for all the features selected of original and normalized dataset, the performance of classifiers are compared by their sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Machine learning based tools can be used for timely and accurate diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease by helping doctors in verifying the findings of their diagnosis in relatively short time thus helping a doctor to attend and diagnose more patients in less time as compared to the scenario where he/she has to go through the diagnosis process entirely manually

Keywords: Chronic disease, kidney, AI, Machine learning.

144

Combine treatment of emodin and beberine alleviates breast cancer growth through inhibition of mTOR and AKT1 signaling Lavanya Ponnusamy and Ravi Manoharan Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Chennai-600025, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways are involved in various cellular responses, including cell cycle, growth and survival. Aberrant activation of these pathways promotes the cell survival and proliferation in breast cancer cell. Hence, these pathways have been targeted for breast cancer treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that combine treatment of natural compounds Emodin (EMO) and Berberine (BBR) synergistically inhibits the growth of both MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 breast cancer cells when compared to the drug treatment alone. The combine treatment of EMO and BBR alleviates AKT1 activity, thereby induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in breast cancer cells. However, combine treatment markedly decreased phosphorylation of mTOR, S6K1 and 4EBP, leading to suppressed cell growth in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, Inhibition of mTOR activity by Rapamycin markedly decreased breast cancer cells growth. These finding suggested that combine treatment of EMO and BBR suppressed cell growth and induce cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells by mTOR/AKT1 pathway. Together, our study reinforces the potential application of EMO and BBR in combination for treatment of breast cancer.

Keywords: Natural compounds, Cancer cells, Rapamycin.

145

Understanding the impact of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi infection using the model system Caenorhabditis elegans Boopathi Balasubramaniam, Lappasi Mohanram, Venkata Krishna and Balamurugan K Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi – 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

For understanding the molecular mechanism of host pathogen interactions and drug discoveries, there is a need for suitable and simple model organism. Caenorhabditis elegans is a soil nematode which is being used as a model system for the past few years in various fields such as neurobiology, developmental biology, aging, etc. Nowadays, C. elegans has been used as a model system to study the host pathogen interactions at genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic levels. This study mainly focuses on the impacts of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) mediated infection in C. elegans proteome. S. Typhi is a Gram negative enteric-bacterium that can provoke pathologic-process in a wide range of organisms ranging from human to nematodes. The aim of the present study is to explore the behavioural and proteomic alterations in the host during pathogen treated conditions. The liquid survival assay has been done and the result revealed that the complete mortality was seen at 132h±2h in the S. Typhi treated C. elegans. The microscopic analysis has confirmed the in vivo colonization of S. Typhi inside C. elegans intestine during different time courses. Further, SDS-PAGE profiling has been done which clearly showed that many proteins were differentially regulated during 12, 24 and 48 h of infections. In addition, we have fractionated the control and pathogen exposed C. elegans protein samples using liquid phase IEF (Iso-Electric Focusing) (Microrotofor technique) followed by SDS-PAGE. The profiling of the liquid phase IEF fractionated samples have shown that few proteins were differentially regulated based on their pI which appeared to be due to the S. Typhi infection. Our data suggested that 12 h exposure of S. Typhi was sufficient to trigger infection in the host, C. elegans by affecting its physiological and molecular parameters

Keywords: C. elegans, S. Typhi infection, biomarkers

146

Toxic effect of monocrotophos on various species – A review Karthika Durairaj Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University. [email protected]

Monocrotophos (MCP) is the organophosphorus pesticide that helps to reduce the pesticidal effect on the plants. In human, the repeated dose of these compounds can alter the physiological and the behavioural changes in the humans and also lead to the pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) if its intake is severe. MCP cannot alone induces the significant expression of cytochrome P450s (CYPs), but it is exposed when the mammalian brain cells are preexpose to cyclophosphamide (CPA). When the expression of the apoptotic proteins are upregulated and the antiapoptotic proteins are downregulated during the exposure of the MCP. The repeated intake of MCP might alter the structure and functions of the intestine and also lead to abnormalities in intestinal functions and nutritional uptakes on the rat model. MCP made considerable retardation on the somatic cell growth in treated mussels. MCP can interrupt the estrous cycle, decrease in healthy follicles and increase in atretic follicles may be due to hormonal imbalance and also due to MCP’s toxic effect, which adversely effects reproductive function, as it has also analgesic and sedative action. The neurotoxic and delayed neurotoxic potential of monocrotophos (MCP) can be assessed by determining the in vitro inhibition of brain Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Neuropathic target esterase (NTE) in rat, mice, chicken and pigeon. MCP exposed farmer’s health can be determined by using genotoxic biomarkers like Chromosomal Abbreations, DNA damage data along with AChE levels. MCP might cause the infertility. The prolonged intake of MCP can leads to development of cardiac oxidative stress and the myocardial damage in hearts. In this review, we observe that MCP(organophosphate) can induce many of the side effects to the health for various species. Keywords: MCP, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, Intestinal dysfunction, Acetylcholinesterase, infertility.

147

Neurotoxic effect of monocrotophos- An insecticide Vinithra Ponnusamy Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University. [email protected]

In India, Monocrotophos (MCP) is used as an insecticide to control the insects in the fields. It is a water-soluble organophosphate which cause cytogenic effects. And it can lowers the Acetylcholine esterase activity when exposed to their derivatives. The mode of toxicity is mainly the inhibition of cholinesterase activity (ChE). Monocrotophos also exerts its neurobehavioral toxicity by affecting noncholinergic functions involving dopaminergic and serotonergic systems associated with enhanced oxidative stress. The neurotoxic and delayed neurotoxic potential of Monocrotophos on different species were assessed by the activity of brain Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and Neuropathic target esterase (NTE) and found chicken brain AChE to be more sensitive followed by rat whereas mice and pigeon were equally sensitive. Acute and repeated exposure studies of MCP revealed sudden neurotoxic potential leading to behavioural and neurochemical modifications. Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is a progressive neuropathic disorder that manifests in days to weeks following exposure to an acute dose of organophosphates. It was found that post lactational exposure to Monocrotophos impaired cholinergic mechanisms in young rats and thus exhibit vulnerability of developing brain to Monocrotophos as most of the changes persisted even after withdrawal of its exposure. Synergistic toxic effects of various systemic pesticides along with Monocrotophos showed effective alterations in the epinephrine and dopamine levels. In this review, we conclude that MCP can induce the neurotoxic effects on the different animal models.

Keywords: Monocrotophos, Acetylcholine esterase, Neurotoxicity, Neuropathic disorder

148

Physiological and biochemical alterations of PEG-mediated osmopriming and hormonal response in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Jothimani. K and Arulbalachandran D Plant Molecular and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Periyar University Salem - 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India

Water availability is one of the most critical factors that limits the growth and development of plants. The present investigation studied on the effect of PEG on seed germination, plant growth and hormonal response of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) under the influence of ABA and IAA. We found, the effects of exogenous ABA and IAA showed activity against 8% PEG. The PEG induced drought stress of (7 days) black gram seedling treated with phytohormones (PEG8% + ABA 100µM; PEG 8% + IAA 100µM and without phytohormone PEG8%) showed significant increase in seed germination percentage, seedling height, and fresh and dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, α amylase content. The significant difference noticed on physiological and biochemical characteristics when compared to 8% PEG-induced drought stress plants.

Keywords: Drought stress, Abscisic acid (ABA), (Indole acetic acid) IAA, PEG, chlorophyll.

149

Abstract ETHANOBOTANY - ORAL 150

Exogenous abscisic acid mediated morphological characteristics, biochemical analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) ADT-45 under drought Ramachandran M and Arulbalachandran D Division of Crop Stress Physiology, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a drought sensitive crop. Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses and affects plant growth and physiological metabolisms. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant stress hormone that is response to abiotic stresses especially morphological characteristics, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, reducing sugar, soluble starch, protein, Amino acid and Proline were studied drought induced plants and Abscisic acid treated plants in ADT45.

Morphological characteristics and biochemical contents were decreased in drought

condition and compared to control. The growth was gradually increased with increasing concentrations of ABA. The highest growth of plants, fresh weight, dry weight and relative water content was observed in the 200 mM concentration. The photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid rate were high in the 200 mM as compared to the other treated plants and also with the control. As the result in all the biochemical tests shows the significant increased growth in the 200 mM plant, that are compared to the other plants and also with the control.

Keywords: Oryza sativa, Drought, Biochemical analyses, Photosynthetic pigments

151

Edible, medicinal and carcinogenic pteridophytes: An overview Baskaran Xavier- Ravi 1, 2, Zhang Shouzhou2, Liao Wenbo1, Rajan Kilimas3 and Geo Vigila Antony-Varuvel4 1

School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou– 510275, P.R.China 2 Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen– 518004, P.R.China 3 Department of Botany, St.Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli– 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Department of Zoology, St.Xaviers College, Palayamkottai– 627 002, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected]

Since ancient era, ferns are well-known to cure human ailments, and as edible plants. In the recent scenario, pteridophytes have been scientifically proved for antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-alzheimer and anti-inflammatory activities. Several pteridophyte species belongs to Lycopodiaceae, Selaginellaceae, Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Adiantaceae proved their significant medicinal activities in earlier studies. People from all over the world namely, India, China, America, Europe, Canada, Mexico, Japan, Thailand, Africa, Nepal, Phillippines. Several species of Athyrium, Allantodia, Alsophila, Ampleopteris, Angiopteris, Asplenium, Blechnum, Callipteris, Ceritopteris, Cibotium, Coniogramme, Corniopteris, Cyrtomium, Drynaria, Lunathyrium, Lycodium, Marsilea, Matteuccia, Nephrolepis,

Neottopteris,

Ophioglossum,

Osmunda,

Osmundastrum,

Polypodiodes,

Pteridium, Pteris, and Woodwardia have also been used for edible purposes. Likewise, ferns are also synthesis or possess some poisonous or carcinogenic substances which cause even cancer to human beings and animals. The carcinogenic sesquiterpenes, pterosin group of compounds and norsesquiterpene glucoside like ptaquiloside have been identified in following fern genus such as, Pteridium, Pteris, Pityrogramma, Hypolepis, Dennstaedtia, Cheilanthes, Cibotium, Histiopteris, Microlepia, Onychium, Dryopteris, Hypodematium, Pseudocyclosorus, Polystichum and Deparia species. In our present overview, the edible, medicinal and carcinogenic or poisonous pteridophytes for further research development on pteridology.

Keywords: Pteridophytes, Lycopodine, medicinal, ptaquiloside, carcinogenic.

152

The genus Eugenia P. Micheli Ex L. (Myrtaceae) of Tamil Nadu Anjana Surendran and Ramasubbu R Department of Biology, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Among family Myrtaceae, Syzygium and Eugenia are the two largest genera with 1,200 and 1000 taxa described respectively. Historically, a broad concept of Eugenia was followed which included all the old and new world species of Eugenia including all its allied genera as well as Syzygium. Subsequent evidence supported the separate origin of Syzygium which resulted in most of the old-world species of Eugenia along with the allied genus Jambosa being transferred to Syzygium. Owing to its confusing and unstable nomenclatural history, Eugenia and Syzygium are considered as most difficult genera to resolve and circumscribe. The genus Eugenia unlike Syzygium shows pan-tropical distribution and is also extends its distribution in the sub-tropical regions. It comprises of 1,050 species and reported as a largest group among angiosperms in Brazil. Eugenia, on the other hand has largely been ignored with no revisionary work post that of Duthie. However, a number of new species of Eugenia have been described. Currently, the total number of Eugenia of India stands at 24 and all the species were reported from the Western Ghats while the distributional range of one species has recorded in the Eastern Ghats and North-East India. In order to analyse the systematic status of the family Myrtaceae of Tamil Nadu, continuous exploration trips were conducted with special reference to the genus Eugenia. A total of 18 species were reported from different forest areas of Tamil Nadu. Of which, 6 species were included under IUCN Red list (2018-1).

Keywords: Eugenia, Myrtaceae, Syzygium, Jambosa.

153

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Thanjavur and its surrounding (Tamil Nadu- India) Rajalakshmi S, Vijayakumar S and Arulmozhi P Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi-613 503, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

The present study aims to document data about the traditional uses of plants in healthcare trainers among the local peoples of areas which may lead to natural drug invention development. There is urgency in recording such data for ethno botanical studies using many statistical calculations were applied. Totally, 137 informants were selected from 8 villages by their traditional knowledge about medicinal plants. The collected specimens were statistically analyzed by Frequency citation (FC), Relative frequency citation (RFC), Use values (UV), Relative importance (RI), Cultural index (CI), Frequency index (FI) and Pearson correlation Co-efficient. Totally, 85 medicinal plants belonging to 73 families were documented through traditional people of Thanjavur for the treatment of 17 different ailments in which paste based herbal medicine is highly used (30%). Among the families, Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Malvaceae are dominant species with each five, Solanaceae with four species, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Convulcacaeae, Aizoaceae, Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae and Rubiaceae with each three species and Capparaceae, Lythraceae, Anacardiaceae are recorded each two species and remaining families were one species respectively. In this quantitative ethnobotanical analysis, the high use values were recorded as Solanum trilobatum (1.31), Thespesia populnea (1.30), Cissus quadrangularis (1.26), Trianthema portulacastrum (1.76), and Hygrophila auriculata. Phyllanthus niruri showed high RI values than other plants. Pearson correlation coefficient between RFC and UV was 0.802 with P-value less than 1%. From this study, we can recommend that statistically proved medicinal plants like Solanum trilobatum, Thespesia populnea, Cissus quadrangularis, Trianthema portulacastrum, Hygrophila auriculata, Phyllanthus niruri and Achyranthes aspera were also needed for further investigation on pharmacologically which leads to natural drug invention development.

Keywords: Traditional people, Medicinal plants, Statistical analysis, Thanjavur

154

Wood density of one hundred tropical tree species of Tirunelveli, Tamil nadu, India Arunkumar M and Udayakumar M Department of Plant Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Wood density is one of the important ecophysiological traits. Wood density (WD) is an important wood property as it correlates with several functional tree traits and mechanical wood properties. Furthermore, wood density is often used in forest biomass and carbon stock estimates. The variation in wood density depends on a range of intrinsic or environmental factors. The present study concentrated on 100 tropical tree species, 50 collected from tropical thorn forests at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University campus, 44 collected from tropical evergreen forests remaining 6 collected from Carnatic umbrella thorn forest of Tirunelveli. Wood density of evergreen species differed from 0.613 to 0.877 g cm-3. The mean wood density of deciduous species is 0.735±0.068 g cm-3. Among evergreens, Manilkara sapota (0.877 g cm-3) recorded as dense wooded species. Whilst Myristica fragrans recorded the lowest WD value (0.613 g cm-3). The mean (0.62 g cm-3) and range (0.27- 0.87 g cm-3) of wood density values obtained in this study is equal or higher or lower than in many tropical forests. In general, trees of evergreen species have higher WD than deciduous species.

Keywords: deciduous and evergreen trees, Manilkara sapota, Myristica fragrans, plant functional traits, tropical forests.

155

Microrhizome induction in Etlingera fenzlii (Kurz) Skronick. and M. Sabu (Zingiberaceae). - The honey bee repellent endemic plant species of the Andaman Nicobar Islands Anju Sudhakaran, Aswathy Anand A and Radha R K Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Pacha – Palode P.O., Thiruvananthapuram, 695 562, Kerala, India. [email protected]

Etlingera fenzlii (Kurz) Skronick. & M.Sabu (Zingiberaceae), a wild insular endemic species of the Great Nicobar Island is exclusively using by the Shompens (are most primitive semi nomadic tribal group) as a bee repellent source for their honey collection. E. fenzlii is one of the insular endemic species selected for conservation and bioprospecting by the JNTBGRI and standardized the in vitro regeneration protocol from axillary bud explants including mass multiplication and field establishment of mericlones. Gas chromatography – electro antennographic detection (GC- EAD) analysis of leaf essential oil also revealed honey bee as well as mosquito repellent activity. In this context scale up production of plants for demonstration level cultivation, in vitro induction of rhizomes was tried for facilitating the field establishment of mericlones without any acclimatization or hardening. An effective induction of microrhizomes was developed from in vitro derived axillary shoot explants of E. fenzlii on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 𝛼naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Indole acetic acid (IAA) and different concentrations of sucrose (3-9%) with 45 days of incubation at 24± 20C with a photoperiod of 12 hours at 25003000 lux. MS medium with 1 mgl-1 of BA, 0.5 mgl-1 of NAA and 7% sucrose was found to be optimum for rapid production of 2-4 microrhizomes with10.7 to 33.66 mg within 45 days and subsequent field establishment of 80-90%. This protocol can be adopted for in vitro conservation of microrhizomes, synthesis of secondary metabolites and large-scale production of plantlets for future industrial raw material supply, if the plant/products developed as bio safe mosquito repellents. Keywords: Gas chromatography, bioprospecting

156

Karyomorphological studies on seven variants of Clitoria ternatea L. (Fabaceae) Shamnad J and Mathew Dan Research Scholar in Botany, Plant Genetic, Resource Division, JNTBGRI, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, Kerala, India, [email protected]

Clitoria ternatea L. (Fabaceae) is an important medicinal plant which is also ornamental. It is used as a forage and dye yielding plant. It shows variation with respect to flower colour (blue, light blue, violet, pink and white) and structure under two varieties typical zygomorphic/‘single’ flowers (with standard, wing and keel petals), and the ‘double petal’ form, (with five similar petals) i.e. C. ternatea var. ternatea and C. ternatea var. pleniflora respectively. Materials of 7 variants C. ternatea representing 4 variants of var. ternatea and 3 of var. pleniflora were collected from Kerala. Detailed studies on karyomorphology of different variants in C. ternatea were carried out in the present study. Mitotic observations of the selected accessions representing each of the 7 variants of C. ternatea confirmed that, the diploid chromosome number in all the variants was 16. Karyotype analysis indicated that chromosome length ranged from 1.24 to 5.58 µm and all the 7 variants consist of nearly median (nm) and nearly sub median (nsm) chromosomes. Total chromosome length and absolute chromosome length were higher in double pink (59.05 & 3.69 µm respectively) and lower in single light blue (46.47 & 2.90 µm respectively). In general, karyotype of all the variants fell in the 2B category except single blue and single light blue which come under the 3B category. The ‘double pink’ possess lowest value of TF%. Among the 7 variants, the ‛double pink’ variant stood distinct with others with respect to most of the characters and could be considered as an advanced type. The variation in chromosomal characters coincides with the morphological variability within the species.

Keywords: dye yielding plant, chromosomal characters.

157

Surveillance of fleas and the other ectoprasities on rodents in madurai district, south Tamil Nadu, India Rajamannar V and Philip Samuel P Research Scholar, Madurai Kamaraj University, Indian Council of Medical Research – Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Rodents are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws, are responsible for the transmission of some vector-borne diseases acting as hosts for flea borne vector-borne diseases and for other ecto-parasite diseases. Rodent traps were used to examine surveillance of fleas and other ecto-parasitic vectors in and around the areas of Madurai district, South Tamil Nadu to know the abundance of the vectors on rodents. The study sites were selected based vector borne diseases cases recorded earlier in Madurai and also with abundance of fleas and other ecto-parasites on rodent hosts in the study sites. The rat fleas Xenopsylla cheopis and Xenopsylla astia which are dominant, small parasites that feed on the blood of rodents. They are known carriers of a variety of diseases and are considered the main vector of bubonic plague. Infection is transmitted after a flea feeds from an infected rodent and then bites a human acting as vectors. About 20 rodents were captured, they were brought to the laboratory and rodent species were identified using standard keys of Agarwal, 2000; Ellereman, 1961. During the surveillance the rodent species encountered in the order of their dominance were Suncus murinus, Rattus rattus and Bandicota bengalensis. The collected fleas were identified as Xenopsylla cheopsis and Xenopsylla astia. Some other ecto-parasites associated with rodents were also collected. Flea index was calculated from this area was 1.40 and the rodent positivity rate was found to be 8.16. Results of the study suggested the requirement of regular and continuous surveillance for rodents, fleas and the ecto-parasites available in these areas. Regular surveillance should be strengthened for proper and early detection of fleas’ infestation in those areas and also to detect the onset of transmission to prevent mortality from the rodent borne vector-borne diseases in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. Keywords: Rodents, ecto-parasites, bubonic plague.

158

A study on the vegetation of kurunthamalai hills and micropropagation of rare species of Cheilanthus farinosa (forsk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Prabakaran R, Kavitha R and Kavitha T PG and Research Department of Botany, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641014, Tamil Nadu, India.

In the year (2016) statement of the vascular plants species of 3, 91,000 and 3, 69,000 flowering plants species are estimated. Now 2,034 species of vascular plants are new to 2015. The concept of this work is to study the vegetation of Kurunthamalai Kuzhandhai Velayutha Swami temple surrounding in Kurunthamalai hill. The temple is 24 km from Coimbatore and only 4 km from Karamadai. This temple is amongst the most beautiful temples and was built tentatively and is at least 750 years old. The distribution of various plants in that hill was studied which revealed that the vegetation in the hill was highly heterogeneous, and the plant population was not static which changed according to the climate and the rainfall. We have done the preliminary work by the availability of plants in the hill was done by field collection, herbarium preparation, and identification through various sources. Totally 112 plants belonging to various families were identified. According to the analysis of data, herbs were mostly accommodated on the hill. From the interaction with the surrounding people, we found that they used theses medicinal plants for many ailments. Through our survey we found many endangered, endemic, rare and threatened plants were present over there. From that hill we have chosen one of the rare plants (Cheilanthes farinose (Forsk.) Kaulf for conservation through plant tissue culture technique using half MS medium with the growth regulator like BAP (1mg/ml) and NAA (0.2mg/ml) along with 5ml/l Tris Hcl and 125mg/l of Sodium di hydrogen ortho phosphate.

Keywords: Vascular plants, Vegetation, Kurunthamalai hill, Endangered, Cheilanthes farinose, Conservation

159

Tree density, species richness and diversity of tropical thorn forest, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu Anishla T and Udayakumar M Department of Plant Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

A quantitative ecological study was conducted in tropical thorn forest located at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, and Tirunelveli to estimate density, species richness and diversity of trees. This study was conducted in 20 ha area. All trees ≥10 cm girth at breast height (GBH; 130 cm above the ground) measured. Each one-hectare area was divided in to twenty-five 20m×20m workable sub-plots. All collected specimens were identified to species level. All recorded individuals (from a twenty-five 20m × 20m sub-plots) were summed to compute forest tree stand density ha-1. Basal area is the cross-section area of a tree measured at 130 cm above the ground. All the recorded trees were classed into ten girth classes. Diversity indices were calculated for all the study plots (20 ha) by the Shannon’s diversity index (H) and Shannon’s equitability (EH) and Simpson’s index (D). This study recorded a sum of 1465 trees belonged to 50 species, 41 genera and 23 families. Density of trees varied considerably among species, Azadiracta indica represented by highest number of individuals (687 tree) followed by Acacia leucopholea (136), Acacia nilotica (88), Morinda coreia (85), and Peltophorum pterocarpum (60). Of 23 families recorded, Meliaceae scored the highest FIV score (145.87) followed by Mimosaceae (56.27) and Caesalpiniaceae (26.56).

Keywords: Azadiracta indica, Basal area, Diversity indices, Forest ecosystem, India.

160

A study on leaf traits of 25 tropical thorn forest woody plants in Tamil Nadu Evitex Izayas J and Udayakumar M Department of Plant Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli – 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

A quantitative plant functional trait study on 25 woody plant leaves conducted to estimate the relationship between and among the traits. Plant functional traits are the features (morphological, physiological, phenological) that represent ecological strategies and determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels and influence ecosystem properties. It also has the potential both to build a predictive set of local and regional relationships between plants and environment and to quantify a wide range of natural processes and vegetation-atmosphere interactions, including changes in biodiversity. The importance of these topics for quantifying trait variation of different species, in particular for traits with power to predict plant and ecosystem level processes, and for traits that can be measured relatively easily. We measured four functional traits viz., leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf mass per area (LMA) on 25 woody plant species in a tropical thorn forest existing in Manonmaniam Sundaranar University main campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. The numerical value of traits varied significantly among plants. The highest LA (cm 2) was recorded in Ficus bengalensis L. (102.39±18.643 cm2) while, Tamarindus indica L. had the minimum (0.942± 0.245 cm2). Likewise, SLA also ranged from 43.614±9.132 cm2/g (Capparis sepiaria L.). to 218.3983 ± 39.319 cm2/g (Annona squmosa L.). In addition, LDMC varied from 498.135 mg/g (Peltophorum pterocarpum DC.) to 226.185 mg/g (Thespesia populnea L). The highest LMA was recorded as 24.536 g/m2 in Capparis sepiaria L. and minimum in Melia azederach L. and Annona squmosa L (4.863 g/m2 and 4.796 g/m2). LDMC was positively correlated with LMA. LA was positively linked with the SLA, while negatively related to SLA and LDMC.

Keywords: Plant functional traits, Tropical forest, Woody Plant

161

Studies on the influence of human land use pattern on mosquito population dynamics in different ecosystems at Palani, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu Manikandan P1, Kamala Dhasan N2 and Chandrasekaran S1 1

Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India. 2 Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi – 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Mosquito population is dynamic in nature and behavior, capable of surviving the human induced environmental changes eventually increasing the vector borne disease outbreaks. Deciphering the influence of land use and land change patterns on mosquito population dynamics plays a rudimentary role in understanding the disease outbreak and devising viable control measures. In order to understand the mosquito population dynamics in regard of land use and land change patterns, we have studied immature mosquito population at the ecosystems of different land use viz. Pond, River and Mining ecosystems. Immature mosquito population was sampled using standard dipper method. Larval density and species composition were calculated in all the study sites. From our results, it was found that Japanese encephalitis vector to be predominant in pond and mining ecosystem whereas dengue and chikungunya vector population to be dominant in the river ecosystem. Culex vishnui, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and Anopheles subpictus were recorded in all the study sites but population size of the individual species was varying among the study sites. Cx. vishnui was not found to have habitat specificity and able to co-occur with more immature mosquito species. From this study, we conclude that Cx. vishnui, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and An. subpictus population is so dynamic in nature and able to utilize ecosystems with different land use change. Human activities cause several changes to the ecosystem eventually these altered habitats act as a breeding source of several mosquito species and regulate mosquito dynamics consequently increasing the disease outbreaks.

Keywords: Human land use pattern, larval density and mosquito vector population.

162

Micropropagation of Syzygium densiflorum wall. Ex wight & arn – An alternative method of conservation Saranya Surendran and Ramasubbu R Department of Biology, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Syzygium densiflorum is an endemic and endangered species as reported by IUCN red list. For the effective conservation of this endemic species, a strategy has to be developed. As part of this conservation effort an In vitro regeneration protocol was developed using nodal explants. The nodal explants were collected from the trees growing in the natural habitat as well as from the seedlings of mist house of GRI. The explants were cultured on two different media, Woody Plant Medium and Murashige and Skoog medium. Both media were manipulated with different kinds of plant growth regulators like Cytokinins (BAP and Kn) and Auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA, and 2, 4-D) in different concentration from 0.5 mg/l to 2.5 mg/l, either individually or in combinations. The explants cultured without any growth hormone were remained as green up to 4 weeks and gradually turned as brown colour and died finally after 7 weeks. The best shooting was observed in Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 1.0 μM BAP + 1.0 μM IBA in combination. Kn fortified with Woody Plant Medium was not found as significant for the multiplication of shoots. Rooting performance was almost same in both media but slightly higher in Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 1.0 μM IBA. About 80% survival rate was observed and successfully acclimatized plants showed 58.5% survival rate in the field.

Keywords: Syzygium densiflorum, micropropagation, Woody Plant and MS medium.

163

Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of extracts of Lichen species collected from Kodaikanal hills, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu Kalidoss R, Arun Prasath K, Mariraj M, Shenbagam M, Rajaprabu, Karthik N and Ponmurugan P Biomedical Research Lab, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India

Lichens are the fascinating organisms with an association of both algae and fungi, receives maximum attention in the field of biomedical application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of four foliose forms of lichen species such as Parmotrema austrosinense, P. nilgherense, P. reticulatum, P.tinctorum and two fruticose lichen species which include Ramalina species and Usnea species collected from Kodaikanal hills of southern India. The crude extract was harvested from those lichens using different solvents such as petroleum ether, acetone and methanol based on their polarity. The extract was subjected to investigate the antioxidant property using 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and its total phenolic content was examined using Folin ciocalteu reagent. The Parmotrema austrosinense Usnea species and P.reticulatum species exhibited strong antioxidant activity and a higher absorbance value was recorded for P.nilgherense in total phenolic content assay. A better pathogenic control was observed in acetone extracts with a 13 mm zone of inhibition against Candida albicans and 11 mm dia against Staphylococcus aureus. On the contrary, petroleum ether extracts did not show inhibition activity against human pathogens. The methanolic extracts of Ramalina species of fruticose lichen exhibited better antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Due to the presence of bioactive compounds in lichen which leads to scavenging the free radicals was determined using TLC.

Keywords: antibacterial, antifungal, Parmotrema species, DPPH and phenolic content assay

164

Bioconversion of garden waste, kitchen waste and cow dung into valueadded products using earthworm Eisenia foetida, and E.euginea Kavitha J R, Kokila M and Earnest Dhayalan Department of Botany, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal. Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal Rev.Jacob memorial Christian College, Ambilikkai

Transformation of industrial sludges into Vermicomposting is of double interest: on the one hand, a waste is converted into value added product, and, on the other, it controls a pollutant that is a consequence of increasing industrialization. Garden waste, kitchen waste and cow dung were subjected to recycle through Vermicomposting by using the epigeic earthworm EiseniafetidaE.euginea under field conditions. Earthworms can serve as tools to facilitate these functions. The fruit waste and Cow dung were mixed in the ratio 3:1 after 40 days decomposition, the warms E.euginea and E.fotidawere inoculated in to the compost bin. The castings were collected from the surface of the bin after 1 week of inoculation of the warm. The Physico chemical Parameters like alkaline and acid, and electrical conductivity. Macro nutrients and micronutrients, C: N ratio and organic the study was carried out in to convert the fruit wastes into an organic fertilizer through vermicomposting. The fruit wastes and cow dung were mixed in the ratio 2: 1.After 40 days of decomposition, the worms Eudriluseuginaeand Eiseniafoetidawere inoculated into the compost bin. The castings were collected from the surface of the bin after one week of inoculation of the worm. The physic-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, macronutrients, micronutrients, C: N ratio and organic carbon were analyzed in fruit wastes, compost and the castings and the parameters shows optimum value in castings which was confirmed by t- test. Meanwhile the rejuvenation of degraded soils by protecting topsoil and sustainability of productive soils is a major concern at the international level. By reducing the time of humification process and by evolving the methods to minimize the loss of nutrients during the course of decomposition, the fantasy becomes fact.

Keywords: C: N-carbonnitrogen, pH-Potential of Hydrogen, Organic waste

165

Abstract APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY - POSTER 166

Studies on mechanism of desiccation tolerance in Selaginella wightii to understand resurrection in pteridophytes Banupriya T G, Ramyashree C and Sharathchandra R G Department of Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Prof. C.N.R Rao Block, Tumkur University, Tumkur- 572103 [email protected]

Water deficiency is the most significant abiotic stress factor for land plants. Most plants are unable to survive desiccation to the air-dry state. There are however a few species across the plant kingdom that tolerate desiccation known as resurrection plants. Desiccation tolerance (DT) is the ability of the organisms to dry completely and resume normal function when rehydrated. Several Pteridophytes species with DT have been discovered in ecological niches with seasonally limited water availability and unreliable rainfalls including forests with microclimatic zones. Selaginella is one of the most primitive vascular resurrection plants, which can survive a desiccated state and recover when water becomes available. An extensive field survey was conducted in Devarayanadurga State Forest, Tumakuru district which led to collection and positive identification of Selaginella wightii. The Relative water content was established from the fresh tissues in independent experiments. Detached fronds from fully hydrated species were subjected to subsequent desiccation and rehydration. During desiccation, the RWC of detached fronds decreased rapidly from 90% to a stable dried state of 10% after 12h. Desiccated fronds showed intense inward curving during rehydration. The RWC of the detached fronds regained to 100% after 4 h, along with its original morphology. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and GR) increased during desiccation. Further Selaginella wightii has been studied by scanning electron microscope in order to define the leaf morphology and fine structure to analyse the cellular changes occurring during the desiccation. Our study helps in elucidation of the effects of desiccation on cellular integrity.

Keywords: Desiccation tolerance, Selaginella wightii, Relative water content, Antioxidant enzymes, SEM.

167

Ticks surveillance on different animals in Madurai district, South Tamilnadu Krishnamoorthi R and Philip Samuel P Vector Control Research Centre, Indira complex, Puducherry [email protected]

Ticks are among the most competent and versatile vectors of pathogens, second vulnerable rank among the worst pests and vectors of diseases to man and animals caused by different agents such as viruses, rickettsia, bacteria and protozoans. A preliminary study was carried out to know the tick infestation among the domestic animals in and around Madurai. Ticks were collected in different body parts of host animal (un-engorged, semi-engorged and fully engorged) with the help of using blunt forceps and brush without damaging their mouth parts. The collected adult ticks from each region were kept separately for identification in sample vial containing 70% alcohol as a preservative with proper recording of location, host, date until the species determination and it is mounted with Hoyer’s medium. Ticks will be identified under a microscope according to identification keys Walker et al, (2003), and Geevarghese et al (1997). The main aim of this study was to identify species composition of livestock in different areas in Madurai. During this study three domestic animals; dog, goat and cow (151) along with rodents (20) were examined for presence of parasites. Overall prevalence of ticks was 38 % found infested. A total four species Haemaphysalis canestrini, Haemaphysalis sp. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Hyalomma anatolicum under three genera from a single family, Ixodidae were recorded. The maximum rate of tick infestation was (62.8%) in goat and dog (11.1%) revealed the minimum level. Results of the study suggested the requirement of regular and continuous surveillance for domestic animals and rodents for the presence of ecto-parasites for proper and early detection of ticks borne diseases in this study area of Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. Keywords: Hoyer’s medium, Ixodidae, ecto-parasites.

168

Genetic diversity analysis of taro (Colocasia esculenta (l.) Schott) in Kerala Aswathy Anand 1 and Asha Devi2 1

Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Insitute, Palode, Karimankode P.O. Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala-695562. 2

ICAR-CTCRI, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695017 [email protected]

Taro is a member of Aracacea family which ranks fourteenth as the most consumed vegetables world-wide. The FAO has reported that in the 20th century “some 75 percent of plant genetic diversity has been lost as farmers worldwide have left their multiple local varieties and landraces for genetically uniform, high-yielding varieties”. So, it’s vital to study the genetic diversity of taro and conserve these varieties from further genetic erosion. Thirty accessions of the plant collected from various parts of Kerala were subjected for the study. The CTAB extraction method developed by Doyle and Doyle, with a slight modification was used for DNA isolation. Standardized concentrations of the template DNA were subjected to PCR by using SSR primers. 10 primers out of the 15 screened were utilized for PCR based on its amplification profile. The PCR products were made to run in 6% acrylamide gel (denaturing urea gel) and the bands were studied after staining with silver nitrate. PIC and cluster analysis was done to analyze its diversity. By calculating polymorphic information content, the highest heterozygosity was obtained for the primer uq 97-256 with a value of 0.871 and the lowest was obtained for the primer uq 84-207 with a value of 0.694. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.9-4.56 with the maximum alleles shown by uq 97-256 and the minimum showed by uq 84-207 and uq 201-302. It grouped the genotypes into 3 main clusters and one outlier. No congruence was seen between accession grouping and geographical origin. The results agree with the result published in previous papers where, clustering pattern did not show any strict relationship between geographical distribution and genotypic diversity as the accessions from different geographic regions were placed in nearly all the clusters. Keywords: Taro, SSR, PCR, Denaturing Urea Gel.

169

Conserving biodiversity of microbes in the Thar Desert and mammals in shekhawati region Sharon Daphne Selvakumar and Gayathri Nandhagopal Department of Biotechnology, KG College of Arts and Science, KG Campus, Thudiyalur Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore - 641 035, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The desert biome occupies over one-third of Earths land surface, and is characterized by moisture deficit. They are called as the arid zone. Thar Desert is one of the ecosystems possessing highest biodiversity among the desert ecosystems of the world. Shekhawati region located in north-eastern of Rajasthan. The region lies in semiarid zone with low floral diversity due to scantly and irregular rainfall. The region is part of Indian Thar Desert exhibit little mammalian diversity. During last three decades, numbers of large mammals has drastically decreased in the Shekhawati region due to inference of people in natural habitats of mammals for their beneficiary activities. The mammalian diversity of Shekhawati region is represented by 40 species of mammals belonging to 20 families and 31 genera. During survey of mammalian species both direct methods like line transect method and indirect methods by identification of sign were used. The low rainfall present severe challenges to animal, plant life and so the microbial communities can assume the foremost ecological roles in deserts. Biodiversity of desert microbial communities has been relatively well studied. Soil surfaces may support well-defined biological soil crusts dominated by cyanobacteria, fungi, lichens and mosses. Overall, this paper deals with the microbial diversity in the arid zone and the faunal diversity in the Shekhawati region and the need for their conservation. As the mammals that are adapted to desert environment is rapidly vanishing due to interference and destructive activities of man. And biodiversity is of great importance to maintain stable environment.

Keywords: Biodiversity, microbial diversity, desert.

170

Diversity in plants and animals regeneration of exticted plants and animals Shruti Thangaraj, Mohanadevi Arumugam and Sangeetha Baskaran Department of Biotechnology, KG College of Arts & Science, KG Campus, Thudiyalur Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore-641035, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The aim of this study is about the regeneration of extinct plants and animals. The important medicinal plants are extincting more a number some of them are Abutilon indicum, Chlorophytum tuberosum etc., Abutilon indicum is a small shrub in malvaceae family. Tamil name is “thuthi”. Chlorophytum tuberosum is a herb commonly found in forest patches in India. Safed Musli, as it is known Hindi. Which is used in ayurvedic medicine used to treat guiea – worm. Abutilon indicum is used for the treatment of diabetis, arthritis, immune improving drugs, pregnancy time and obesity. And extinct animals Woolly mammoth uses is its trunk and tusks used for fighting, foraging and manipulating objects. Indian Auroch a huge cattle family 6.6ft and1000kg it is most challenging one its uses is helping maintain the open areas by grazing together with other large herbivores.To bring back the extinct species. Plant can be bring back by storing the genetic material and animals by selective breeding, gene editing and cloning. In biology extinction is the determination of an organism or of a group of organism. It is generally considered to be the death of last individual. These extinctions will presumably become much more relevant as global warming increases roughly 2-fold to 5-fold over upcoming decades.

Keywords: Extinction, Grazing, Global warming

171

Diversity of unani medicinal plants in Western Ghats, Coimbatore Bhargavi Ramesh and Sangeetha Baskaran Department of Biotechnology, KG College of Arts and Science, KG Campus, Thudiyalur Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore - 641 035, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The Biodiversity Conservations Act of 1999 emphasizes the conservation of biodiversity and rich areas their sustainable use especially, in the developing countries. WHO recognizes that medicinal plants play an important role in health care of about 80% of the world population in developing countries and depend largely on traditional medicines of which herbal medicines constitutes the most prominent part, the rest of 20% also depend on substantially on the plant based medicines. And for countries like India which is diverse with all variety of fauna and flora. Plants have been used as healers and health rejuvenators since time immemorial. The principal source of drugs in Unani system of medicine is plant origin drugs. A survey was conducted to study the diversity and status of Unani medicinal plants in the Southern Western Ghats of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu. The present paper deals with the 131 numbers of the Unani medicinal plants of 115 genera belonging to 64 families. Based on the distribution status of the Unani medicinal plants it is categorized as common, common and cultivated, vulnerable, rare, sporadic, and endangered. Those plants falls under the vulnerable, rare and endangered category are recommended for germplasm collection and to take up cultivation and propagation activities through modern agronomical techniques. Further the extensive field studies may also help to the discovery of new plant species used in the Unani system of medicine for the betterment of health care needs.

Keywords: Herbal medicines, Unani system of medicines, germplasm collection.

172

A study on Madurai flower market, Tamilnadu Nagaraj M1 and Bagyalakshmi2 1

Department of Plant Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 2 Department of Botany, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu [email protected]

A field survey was carried out to record flowers available in Madurai flower market, Tamil Nadu. Botanical name, price and availability of flowers were recorded through monthly surveys and personal interviews. Flowers have always remained an integral part of social fabric of human life. Man has traditionally used flowers for expressing or exhibiting his innermost feelings to god and deities or presenting to the beloved ones or complimenting any one or verifying any conceivable emotion. The demand for fresh flowers and plants is increasing worldwide. The methodology employed for the present study mainly consisted of structured interviews with wholesalers, retailers and consultants involved in cultivation and sales. Tamil Nadu is the leading producer of jasmine in India and the flowers produced in the state are being exported not only to the neighboring countries viz., Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and the Middle East countries but also to distant nations including the United States. The availability of flowers and their price fluctuations (Rs kg-1) were recorded. The flowers of Nerium, Polyanthus, Rose varieties and vegetative parts of Cupressus, Cynodon, Celosia, Tegetes, Crossandra, and Ocimum tenuiflorum were available throughout the year. The sacred lotus, Nelumbo was available during September to December (rainy season). Jasminum sambac, and Leucanthemum were available during the months of March to September. Chrysanthemum and Artabotrys were available during the months of September to March. Keywords: commercial flowers; flower availability; price fluctuation

173

Preliminary survey on ethnomedicinal plants used by the paliyartribals in Dharmapuri district Karthick P and Marimuthu E PG& Department of Botany, Sri Vidya Mandir Arts & Science College Katteri – 636 902, Uthangarai, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected]

Herbal medicines have potential treatment values against numerous diseases, including infectious diseases, hypertension, etc. Globally, about 85%of the traditional medicines used in primary health care are obtained from medicinal plants. Rural people not only depend on wild plants as sources of food, medicine, fodder and fuel, but have also developed methods for resource management, which is essential towards conserving some of the world's important habitats.The present research attempts to focus the usage of native medicines for various diseases used by the PaliyartribalsofDharmapuri District. They depends on the plants for curing various diseases such as cold, cough, fever, cuts, wounds, bone fractures, joint pain, dysentery, diarrhoea, jaundice, and poison bite etc. As modern synthetic drugs are likely to have various side effects and more attention is being paid to isolation of natural plants products that could replace modern synthetic drugs. Search of plants materials used by the traditional practitioners, establishment of their true identity and isolation of as active products that may replace synthetic drugs would immense help in solving various health problems. This present study emphasizes the importance of conservation of locally available medicinal flora for their sustainability in the future. Keywords: Medicinal plant, Drug, Tribal’s health problem

174

Impact of insect pests on the endangered medicinal plant, Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Bedd.) Warb. Thennarasu M and Marimuthu E PG & Department of Botany, Sri Vidya Mandir Arts & Science College Katteri – 636 902, Uthangarai, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected]

The Southern Western Ghats region holds one of the richest sources of biodiversity in the world, having a wide range of medicinal and aromatic plants. Among the all biological hotspots throughout the world, the Southern Western Ghats in India is regarded as the prime biodiversity hotspot, because of its uniqueness in species richness and endemism of different species. The present study was undertaken to examine the role of pests on the extinction of an endangered medicinal plant species, Hydnocarpus macrocarpa, which belongs to the family of Flacourtiaceae. Generally, the H. macrocarpa grows in low and medium elevations of Southern Western Ghats. The seeds of H. macrocarpa is rich in chaulmoogra oil, which is used to treat leprosy, wounds, ulcers and skin diseases and therefore, it plays a vital role in health care. The loss of endangered plant species in the Southern Western Ghats makes conservation measures indispensable for their survival, growth and reproduction. During our survey, we have found out that the phytophagous forest insects, such as Enplognatha ovate, Helix aspera, Californium pluvial and Agrilus planipennis larvae suppresses and/or damage the population of endangered medicinal plant species, H. macrocarpa. Both adults and nymphs of Amera larvae were sucking sap from the fruits of H. macrocarpa. The affected fruits showed marks of sap sucking by nymphs and remained stunted and thereby adversely affecting the seed development. There are no earlier reports on the occurrence of the pests on the H. macrocarpa plant species and hence this study makes a warning call for the essentiality of conservation measures towards protecting H. macrocarpa plant species from the pests.

Key Words: Agrilus planipennis, Californium pluvial, Enplognatha ovate, Helix aspera

175

Ethno botanical studies in Pachamalai hills low mountain range of Eastern Ghats Kamaraj V and Kandavel D Department of Botany, Periyar E.V.R.College (A), Tiruchirappalli-23, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

India has about 8% of the estimated biodiversity of the world with around 12,600 species. It’s also rich in ethnic diversity, with about 67.37 million tribal people belonging to 537 tribal groups living in different geographical locations with various subsistence patterns. These tribal groups living in diverse areas possess a wealth of knowledge and skills on the utilization and conservation of food and medicinal plants. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), almost 65% of the world’s population has incorporated the value of plants as a methodology of medicinal agents into their primary modality of health care. It is often noted that 25% of all drugs prescribed today come from plants. With this in mind we have done an ethno botanical survey study in Pachamalai hills, located between the districts of Salem, Trichy, and Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, South India. The hill lies at an altitude of 20003000 feet above the sea level and with a total geographical area of 14.122 sq km. Field survey was conducted in the tribal belts Top Sengatupatti, Kundakudi, Nachilipatti , Ramanathapuram, Maruthai, Boothakaal and Karuvankadu. The wealth of Traditional Knowledge available here in terms of biodiversity and tribal practices are yet to be documented in total and it underlines the importance. The indigenous knowledge of local traditional healers documented revealed several herbal treatments for different ailments such as cold, fever, headache, diabetes, Insect bite ,cough, wounds etc and the conservation status of the plants were also assessed. Voucher specimens were maintained and consent-based questionnaires were used for primary data collection.

Keywords: Documentation, Traditional healer, Medicinal plants

176

Chigger mites surveillance on rodents and the other ectoprasities recorded in Madurai district, South India Govindarajan R and Philip Samuel P Madurai Kamaraj University, Indian Council of Medical Research – Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Rodents are responsible for the transmission of many human diseases. Rodent traps were used to undertake chigger mites and other ecto-parasite surveillance in and around the areas of Madurai district, South Tamil Nadu. The study sites were selected based on the abundance of rodents and their related ecto-paraistes in the area recorded in Madurai earlier. Sherman traps were employed for capturing the rodents. A total of 245 traps were placed in the selected localities after sunset and they were retrieved the next day morning. About 20 rodents were captured, they were brought to the laboratory and rodent species were identified using standard keys of Agarwal, 2000; Ellereman, 1961. During the surveillance the rodent species encountered in the order of their dominance were Suncus murinus, Rattus rattus and Bandicot bengalensis. The chigger mites of about 241 were collected by combing from the rodents and also from the pina region. After combing, the mites were removed by a fine brush and placed in 70% alcohol for species identification. The mites were identified as Leptotrombidium deliense, Leptotrombidium insigne, Schogastiella ligula. Chigger index calculated from this area was 12.5 and the rodent positivity rate was found to be 8.16. Some other ecto-parasites associated with rodents were also collected. Results of the study suggested the requirement of regular and continuous surveillance for rodents, chiggers and other ecto-parasites available in these areas. Regular surveillance should be strengthened for proper and early detection of chigger mites infestation in those areas along with other ecto-parasite surveillance and also to detect the onset of transmission of vector borne diseases in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. Keyword: Rodents, ecto-paraistes, Leptotrombidium deliense, Leptotrombidium insigne, Schogastiella ligula

177

Microbes characterization of endophytic from Pongamia pinnata and Gliricidia sepium Renjimol R and Rajalakshmi G Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Medicinal plants have enormous applications and more than 30% of total plant populations have been used for medicinal purposes. The medicinal plants like Pongamia pinnata and Gliricidia sepium contains a number of pharmaceutical compounds having antimicrobial, anti-tumor, wound healing. Combinatorial biosynthesis of these plant metabolites in microbial factories has tremendous commercial value. Endophytes are microbial populations (Bacterial, Fungal and Actinomycetes) inhabiting inside the specific plant parts such as leaves, roots, stem, flowers, cotyledons, etc. The production level and quality of the secondary metabolites in the plant parts are also influenced by the presence of endophytes. These microbial communities are also capable of synthesizing the metabolites of high medicinal value. This can be exploited commercially for the development of therapeutics. The fungal endophytes are being under research for their pigment production potential. Hence the textiles and dyeing industries were more focused on the eco-friendly dyes and dye fixatives. Other than the pigment production the fungal communities of the medicinal plants were synthesizing numerous compounds of therapeutic value. Similarly, bacterial endophytes grab attention by their vital role in plant specific metabolite synthesis. The present study deals with the isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria and fungi from Pongamia pinnata and Gliricidia sepium. And also exploit the pigment secretion of fungal endophytes and its characterization that would help to increase the choices of microbial factories for combinatorial biosynthesis.

Keywords: Endophytes, Pongamia pinnata, Gliricidia sepium, Fungal pigments, Secondary metabolites, Combinatorial biosynthesis.

178

Study on the assay of hydrolytic enzymes during germination of Leucaena leucocephala seeds Tanusree Mandal and Siddalinga Murthy K R Department of Biochemistry, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560056 [email protected]

The propagation pathways is distinct in each plants which includes seeds, cut stem, leaves and even roots. Leucaena leucocephala has garnered major interest as it is a good source of timber, fodder, protein, oil content and phenolic compounds and so on. In case of L. leucocephala, stem cutting propagation is although tedious, seed propagation offers promising result with hot water treatment. Cotyledons provides nourishment for forthcoming plantlet, throughout germination there is activation and synthesis of several enzymes which is responsible for utilization of food reserves. Among these, amylases utilize for hydrolysing starch whereas esterases, phospatases helps in metabolic process and galactocidases to break seed dormancy. In this study, the seeds of L. leucocephala were explored for its enzyme activity during germination. The seeds were soaked for 48 min distilled water provided with Murashige and Skoog No 2 medium on wet tissue paper under laboratory condition at room temperature for consecutive 9 days. The progress of the germination was monitored through the assay for the hydrolytic enzymes such as esterases, amylases, acid phosphatases, alpha and beta galactosidases using the optimized protocol. Total protein content was reported maximum on sixth day (122.2mg/gm tissue). The utmost activity for esterases, amylases, acid phosphatases, alpha and beta galactosidases was observed on on 4th , 5th, 9th, 7th and 5th day of germination respectively. Further study includes purification of enzymes on the day at which maximum activity was observed.

Key words: Germination, Enzymes, Cotyledons, Leucaena leucocephala

179

In-vitro plant regeneration, flowering and fruiting of Morus alba L. Moraceae Rajeswari S, Prabakaran R, Geetha K and Ashima Joshi Department of Botany, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore – 641014, Tamil Nadu, India.

Morus alba is a dioecious, heterozygous, deciduous woody perennial tree belonging to the family Moraceae. The initiation of multiple shoot formation was observed in the combination of BAP 1.0 µg/L and 2, 4- D 0.5 µg/L, shows the highest percentage of shooting response. Root initiation was succeeded within 2-3 weeks of culturing in MS media in the combination of BAP 1.0 µg/L and NAA 0.5µg/L, also shows the highest response. In-vitro flowering and fruiting was achieved after the fourth week of culturing with the same concentration of BAP 1.0 µg/L and 2, 4D 0.5 µg/L. An average of three inflorescence per explant was arises at the nodal region and flowering percentage was highly observed. After flowering, self- fertilization was carried in-vitro and fruiting was achieved in the same combination of BAP and 2, 4-D. The rooted shoots approximately 5-6 cm high, were separated and transferred to hardening medium in portrays containing coir and vermiculite in the ratio (1:1) and kept under the shade condition, providing necessary humidity and moisture. The survival percentage (90.09± 0.85) was observed. Collectively our findings represent the micropropagation, in-vitro flowering and fruiting of M. alba from the young nodal and axillary buds.

Keywords: Micropropagation, Morus alba, Inflorescence.

180

The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products Vasudevan M V and Sundararajan G. Dept. Of Botany, Govt. Arts College, Dharmapuri-5, Tamil Nadu, India.

Natural products and traditional medicines are of great importance. Such forms of medicine as traditional, Siddha, Ayurveda and Unani medicine have been practiced in some areas of the world and have blossomed into orderly-regulated systems of medicine. This study aims to review the literature on the relationship among natural plant products, traditional medicines, and modern medicine, and to explore the possible concepts and methodologies from natural plant products and traditional medicines to further develop plant drug discovery. The unique characteristics of theory, application, current role or status, and modern research of traditional medicine systems are summarized in this study. Although only a tiny fraction of the existing plant species has been scientifically researched for bioactivities, when the first pharmacologically-active compound morphine was isolated from opium, natural plant products and traditional medicines have already made fruitful contributions for modern medicine. Natural products will undergo continual use toward meeting the urgent need to develop effective drugs, and they will play a leading role in the discovery of plant drugs for treating human diseases, especially critical diseases. When used to develop new plant drugs, natural products and traditional medicines have their incomparable advantages, such as abundant clinical experiences, and their unique diversity of biological activities.

Keywords: Natural plant products, traditional medicines, drugs and traditional uses.

181

Effect of seed cake (coconut) on the growth and biochemical content of cluster bean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (l.) Taub. Pushpa R1, Palanisamy K2 and Lenin M3 1

Adiyaman Arts and Science College for woman, Uthangarai TK, Krishnagiri -7, Tamilnadu 2 PG & Research Department of Botany, Govt. Arts College, Dharmapuri-5, Tamilnadu 3 Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal, Tamilnadu

There has been an increased exploitation of organic residues from a variety of sectors of agriculture and industries over the past few decades. Crop residues such as bran, husk, bagasse, and fruit seeds are utilized as a potential raw material in bioprocesses as they provide an excellent substratum for the growth of soil microorganism supplying the necessary nutrients to them. Their function in bioprocesses also offers advantages in bioremediation and biological detoxification of hazardous compounds. The field experiments were conducted at the PG & Research Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal. The present research work has been carried out the effect of seed cake (Coconut) on the performance of Cluster bean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) TAUB. The different dosage of seed cake was incorporated into the soil one week before, sowing of the cluster bean seeds at the rate of Control, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 t/ha-1. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design replicated thrice. Data were recorded on 60 DAS of plants, the growth parameters like, plant height (Shoot and Root length), number of leaves, Total leaf area, Fresh and Dry weights. The biochemical content such as Chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’, Total chlorophyll, Protein and total sugars. Applying the seed cakes, however give the highest all the morphological and biochemical parameters were present at 1.0 t/ha.

Keywords: Seed cake (Coconut), Cluster bean, Morphological and Biochemical parameters.

182

Threatened succulents of Southern Western Ghats, India Muthulakshmi pechiammal P and Rajendran A Plant Systematics Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore- 641 046. Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The present study is an attempt to highlight the threatened succulents of Southern Western Ghats. The Western Ghats is identified one of the 34 hotspots globally for having large sources of animal and plant species as endemic giving pride for the respected states. A total of 25 species belonging to 17 families and 23 genera were collected. The plant species are provided with their botanical names, local names, habit, ecological status and phenology. The enumerated plants were categorized based on IUCN categorization. Out of 25 species divided into various categories of endangered and threatened plants listed out Rare having 4 species followed by endemic 3 species, endangered 2 species, least concern 15 species and data deficient having single species respectively. The conservation and management of endemic and threatened species have become an important issue in the present scenario. Although a number of studies are available on the medicinal plants from different parts of the state, meagre information is available on endemic and threatened medicinal plants, particularly the medicinally important succulent plant species. The present study suggested that these plants are need to proper conservation and management plants before it lost forever.

Keywords: Succulent, Endangered, Threatened, Conservation, Southern Western Ghats, India.

183

Seasonal wise assessment of soil arthropod diversity in selected organic and conventional farms of Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India Chinnaraj P, Gunasekaran C, Rajkumar V, Amita Paul C, Dharmaraj J and Kaviya B Unit of Conservation Biology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Agriculture is one of the most important components of our society and plays a great role for the advancement of human life. It is a backbone of our economic system and it has enabled humans to manipulate the ecosystems and maximize population growth. However, the simplification of agricultural production has led to weaken the natural defenses of agricultural ecosystem. The present study was focused on the effects of farming practices on soil arthropod diversity in the selected agricultural farms. For this study, the soil physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were analyzed. The soil tests were conducted in four seasons namely monsoon, autumn, pre-winter and winter season. The highest number of soil arthropod was recorded during the autumn season in both organic (1760) and conventional farm (1411) and lowest numbers of soil arthropods were recorded in winter season (1008) in organic farm and monsoon season (843) for conventional farm. The diversity indices indicated for a high species dominance for the winter season of both organic and conventional farms while the lowest dominance was observed in the monsoon season (0.182, 0.185). The Shannon, Simpson indices were also calculated. The highest Shannon index was noticed during the monsoons in both organic (1.841) and conventional (1.829) farms. The Simpson index was also observed high in monsoon for both organic (0.817) and conventional (0.814) farms and lowest in the winter season (0.798, 0.771) for both the farms. In contrast, the highest evenness was noticed in organic farm during the pre-winters and monsoon season (0.691) in the conventional farm. This study exhibits that certain species turn out to be dominant at specific seasons and its diversity is highest for organic farm than the conventional farms.

Keywords: Soil physico-chemical parameters, Soil arthropods and Climatic conditions.

184

Survey and documentation of medicinal plants used by local people of Kurunthamalai, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India Naveena R, Thangapandian V and Gurusaravanan P Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The use of medicinal plants in the world and especially India, contributes significantly to primary health care. The knowledge of medicinal plants and the knowledge of their healing properties have been closely associated with human being as the early civilization. Documenting the indigenous knowledge through ethno botanical studies is important for the conservation and utilization of biological resources. Medicinal plants are any plant, in which one or more of its organ contain substances that can be used for the therapeutic purposes or the synthesis of useful drugs. The herbal drugs are mostly used for many diseases. The present study was carried out to kurunthamalai hill medicinal plant survey and documentation which was made by with help of local people and traditional healers of kurunthamalai hill. It has been estimated that 60 plant species belong to 55 genus and 33 different families were recorded in the study area. Apocynaceae is dominant family in this study area and it contained 9 species. In present study showed that most of the plant leaves are highly used for medicinal purpose. In these plants are taken orally or the plant extract or dried parts of the plants also taken for curing various diseases. These medicinal plants are used to cure several diseases like fever, snakebite, anti-ulcer, arthritis, cough, asthma, stomach disease etc. This medicinal plant survey was useful to gather information of medicinal plants used by the local peoples for healing and other human diseases. The information gathered by the help of local dwellers and later it was confirmed by based on literature source materials.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Apocynaceae, Traditional healers and Local peoples, Kurunthamalai hills.

185

Studies on the influence of human land use pattern on mosquito population dynamics in different ecosystems at Palani, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu Manikandan P1, Kamala Dhasan N2 and Chandrasekaran S1 1

Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India. 2 Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi – 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Mosquito population is dynamic in nature and behavior, capable of surviving the human induced environmental changes eventually increasing the vector borne disease outbreaks. Deciphering the influence of land use and land change patterns on mosquito population dynamics plays a rudimentary role in understanding the disease outbreak and devising viable control measures. In order to understand the mosquito population dynamics in regard of land use and land change patterns, we have studied immature mosquito population at the ecosystems of different land use viz. Pond, River and Mining ecosystems. Immature mosquito population was sampled using standard dipper method. Larval density and species composition was calculated in all the study sites. From our results, it was found that Japanese encephalitis vector to be predominant in pond and mining ecosystem whereas dengue and chikungunya vector population to be dominant in the river ecosystem. Culex vishnui, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and Anopheles subpictus were recorded in all the study sites but population size of the individual species was varying among the study sites. Cx. vishnui was not found to have habitat specificity and able to co-occur with more immature mosquito species. From this study, we conclude that Cx. vishnui, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and An. subpictus population is so dynamic in nature and able to utilize ecosystems with different land use change. Human activities cause several changes to the ecosystem eventually these altered habitats act as a breeding source of several mosquito species and regulate mosquito dynamics consequently increasing the disease outbreaks.

Keywords: Human land use pattern, larval density and mosquito vector population.

186

Ethno veterinary medicinal plants used in the treatment of livestock diseases in Kolli Hills, Eastern Ghats of Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India Rajesh E1, Selvaraju A2 and Sekar T1 PG and Research, Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai-600 030. Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Department of Botany, SVM College, Uthangarai, Tamil Nadu, India.

1

[email protected]

The present study deals with the medicinal plants used by the people of Kolli Hills for treatment and prevention of various ailments. For this study, field visits were organized frequently from April 2014-March 2015 to Kolli hills, Eastern Ghats of Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu. The present investigation provides ethno botanical information of various medicinal plants used by village peoples, herbal medicine practitioners and other traditional healers of kolli hills. This report deals with some significant medicinal plants utilized by tribal and rural people to cure ethno veterinary diseases in this district. A total of 40 plants from 32 families were enumerated with their medicinal importance and parts of those plants used to treat various ailments. Popularly treated ailments were scabies, ulcers, glossitis, body weakness, rhinitis, ring worm, indigestion, warts in nipple, urinary tract infection, enteritis, bone fractures, skin infection, chronic wound, dysentery, ephemeral fever, maggot wound, insect bite. The most useful part is rhizome, leaf, stem bark, fruit and seed. The present investigation pointed out the tribal people in Namakkal District have traditional information to manage medicine have been reported for the first time in India. Scientific names along with, local/vernacular name, family, plant parts used, mode of medicine preparation and administration, doses have been documented.

Keywords: Ethno veterinary medicinal plants, Indigenous Knowledge, Kolli Hills, Scientific names.

187

Angiosperm diversity of kurumalai reserve forest, Tamil Nadu Makesh Kumar B1 and Stephan J2. 1

2

Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, G. Venkataswamy Naidu College, Kovilpatti. Research Scholar, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode.

Due to global climate change and anthropogenic pressure for land requirement towards habitation and other developmental activities has deleterious effect on wilderness and local biodiversity at large in urban and semi urban environments. In terms of floral biodiversity, India has rich flora of about 45,000 species which make India as one of the hotspot and having high number of endemic plants. There are several more plant species which are unidentified, but they may disappear even before we come to know about their existence. So there is an urgent need for proper legislation of the existing laws to regulate internal and external trade and promote funding. To protect, study and monitor the threatened species of plants, their habitats to identify the areas of high plant diversity and to ensure their conservation. Angiosperms are crucial for human existence and also, they are the sources for medicine and timber. Increasing human utilization of land resources has fuelled a biodiversity crisis, with many species now considered imperilled. In this context to study the diversity of the local forest will help to recover the local and urban biodiversity. Kurumalai reserve forest is one of the scrub jungle forest located in Thoothukudi district of southern Tamil Nadu. This forest act as a sacred groove and totally 216 species were recorded from the reserve forest. In this Poaceae and Fabaceae are dominant in the forest by having larger number of plants. Gmelina asiatica, Dodonia viscosa, Dicrostachys cinera are high in population and they are more common in the reserve forest. They give shelter to birds and insects. Glycosmis pendaphylla, Hardwikia binnata are some of the rare plants that are found in the forest.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Angiosperm, Kurumalai reserve forest

188

List of commercially available Lichens sold in supermarket in Tamil Nadu Charumathi M, Surekha S, Kalidoss R, Arun Prasath K, Mariraj M, Shenbagam M, Rajaprabu N, Karthik N and Ponmurugan P Biomedical Research Lab, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.

Various anthropogenic and over exploitation activities posed serious threat to the lichen biodiversity in recent years. Rapid excavation of lichen and its illegal harvest for domestic applications would add fuel to fire by making the problem worse. On one hand, change in climate has the consequences on the lichen biodiversity and on the other hand biodiversity conservation schemes had not been previously anticipated very strict. The primary aim of the study was to examine the lichen species in a heterogeneous group of mixtures of a pack being sold in market. Lichens sample of a pack was collected from supermarket and identified by morphological identification, microscopic examination; chemical reactions-based spot tests, and TLC methods. The results of our present study has revealed that the pack sold in super market contained following lichen species, Parmotrema tinctorum, Heterodermia species, Ramalina baltica, Usnea species, P.reticulatum, P.austrosinense, and Heterodermia leucomela etc. The Parmeliaceae family was predominant with the maximum population followed by physciaceae. The fruticose form of lichen was found at scarce.

Keywords: Lichens, Parmotrema, Heterodermia, Ramalina, Usnea

189

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) leaf and antibacterial assay from endemic tree sps from Southern & Western Ghats Killivalavan N and Marimuthu E PG & Department of Botany, Sri Vidya Mandir Arts & Science College Katteri – 636 902, Uthangarai, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected]

In nanotechnology, the plant mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has terrific application in biomedicine due to its novel properties and its eco-friendly nature. The present study deals with the biosynthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (SNPs) from aqueous leaf extract of Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) an endemic medicinal plant to Southern Western Ghats. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by SEM. The SEM microscopic analyses revealed that the size of synthesized SNPs has shape and size they are in polydispersed condition. Further, the antibacterial studies of synthesized SNPs show high toxicity towards different bacterial isolates. Moreover, use of plant extracts also reduces the cost of microorganism isolation and culture media enhancing the cost competitive feasibility over nanoparticle synthesis by microorganisms. The antibacterial efficacy also determined by disc diffusion method with Bacillus cereus, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and it showed that high level of inhibition. Further, efficient antibactrial activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles proves the application potential of green synthesis in the area of nano-medicine.

Keywords: Antibacterial, Mitragyna parvifolia, Nanoaprticles, SEM.

190

Assessment of carbon stock and silica content in different plant parts of two bamboo species (Bambusa spp.) in coimbatore,india Gnanambal T, Vidhya R and Arul Pragasan L Environmental Ecology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, India. [email protected]

Bamboos play a vital role in carbon sequestration. It can sequester carbon faster than similar fast-growing tree species. Bamboo captures atmospheric carbon dioxide and stores it as fixed biomass quickly and creates the opportunity to control the increasing CO2 level in the atmosphere. Bamboo plants have been proven to be rich in silica and play an important role in the global carbon cycle and climate change as a safe carbon sink. Currently, there are two effective ways to control atmospheric CO2 content: to reduce emissions and to increase carbon sinks. The purpose of this study was to estimate biomass, carbon storage and silica content in leaves and branches of two different bamboo species (ornamental bamboo and wild bamboo). Plant samples were collected from young and aged bamboo species from three different places in Coimbatore. The results of the present study revealed that biomass of ornamental bamboo species were high when compared to wild bamboo species. The carbon storage was low (43.76%) in leaves of young wild bamboo species and high (53.30%) in branches of aged wild species. While, the silica content was low (2.07%) in branches of young wild species and it was high (9.17%) in branches of aged ornamental bamboo species. This study provides useful information on carbon sequestration potential and silica content of bamboo species in coimbatore.

Keywords: Bamboo, Wild species, Ornamental bamboo, Carbon sequestration, Silica content.

191

A case study on distribution of mammals and carnivores in Bhavani River valley, Western Ghats Vijaya Lakshmi N and Manimekalan A Biodiversity and Molecular Biology lab, Dept of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The Western Ghats is a major mountain range of the world that runs for 1600 kms N-S forming what has been called “the griddle of the Earth”. It is recognized as one of the eight hottest hotspots of the biological diversity in the world. Bhavani, the second largest river in Tamil Nadu, begins from Kerala’s silent valley and flows into western Tamil Nadu, covering a distance of 217 km before merging with the Cauvery. The basin drains an area of 0.62 million ha, spread over Kerala (9%), Karnataka (4%), and Tamil Nadu (87%). The study has been conducted in two forests ranges namely Karamadai and Mettupalayam ranges from Coimbatore forest divisions and four beats namely Kallar, Pillur, Velliyangkadu and Manar were selected for intensive survey. Two ranges are one of the elephant corridors connecting Mukurthi national park in the Western Ghats and Sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuary in the Eastern Ghats. To estimate intensity of habitat use of large carnivores like tigers, leopards and dholes a Beat wise sampling protocol and field methods was implemented. These beats were spread across the bhavani river Valley and covered three broad habitat types: scrub, dry deciduous and moist deciduous forest types. Scat samples were collected on a daily basis. Ancillary evidences such as pugmarks and scrapes were used to differentiate tiger and leopard scats. Findings from this study shows more prey species availability of the predators and it indicates that large predators such as the tiger show a preference for large sized prey species such as gaur, in spite of the potential risk of injury to the predator during prey capture. Similarly higher predation rates on langurs by leopards could be attributed to the more arboreal nature of the cat compared to tigers.

Keywords: Western Ghats, Hotspot, Bhavani River, Carnivores, Scats, Prey and Predators.

192

Abstract PHYTO CHEMISTRY - ORAL

193

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil isolated from the fruits of Cinnamomum filipedicellatum Kostern. Ramasubbu R and Divya C Department of Biology, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624302

Cinnamomum filipedicellatum Kostern is a tree species belongs to the family of Lauraceae. Cinnamon is considered a remedy for respiratory, digestive and gynaecological ailments, and also having antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The essential oil was extracted through hydrodistilation method by using Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil is reddish brown in colour with pleasant odour was obtained from the fruits. The essential oil was analysed through GC-MS and thirteen bioactive compounds such as L-α-Pinene, α-Myrcene, α-Ocimene, α- Terpinolen, Linalool, β-caryophyllene, α-Humulene, Valencene, 3,7(11)Selinadiene, 3α-Etiocholanolone, cis-β-Guaiene, δ-Guaiene, γ-Gurjunene were identified with Retention time, percentage. Moreover, the total phenol and flavonoid content were evaluated from isolated essential oil. The total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the oil were determined by spectrophotometer using Gallic acid and Quercetin as equivalents. The total phenolic content was 150.57 and flavonoid content was 245.15 of essential oil. The essential oil was subjected into various biological assays including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The essential oil was exhibited against antibiotic resistant strain of Gram-negative bacteria which are important human pathogens. Maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and the minimum zone of inhibition on, Entrococcus faecalis at the higher concentration. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was carriedout by using DPPH assay and Phosphomolybdenum assay. The antioxidant activity of DPPH assay which exhibited the potential scavenging activity (60.20% to 85.25%) in dose of dependent manner.

Keywords: Cinnamomum filipedicellatum, GC-MS, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity.

194

Manufacturing of gold nano drug by leaf aqueous extract of Cyclamen europaeum for pharmacological applications T. Baskaran1, D. Kandavel1 and Koperuncholan M2 Department of Botany, Periyar E.V.R. College, Tiruchirappalli – 620 023, India Department of Botany, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College, Tiruchirappalli – 620 024, India. 1

2

[email protected]

The effect of nanoparticles on the natural environment is growing concern among environmental scientists and the wider community. Both the fate and behavior of the nanoparticles in the environment and their effects on the living organisms need to better interpret in parliamentary procedure to maintain environmental health and ensure the sustainability of the important nanotechnology industry. Gold nanoparticles usually synthesized from chemicals, which are rather toxic and flammable in nature. This survey deals with an environmentally friendly and biosynthesis process for pharmacological applications of gold nanoparticles derived from Cyclamen europaeum Leaf aqueous extract. The formation and characterisation of AuNPs has confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive

spectroscopy (EDX), Dynamic Light Scattering analyses (Particle size and Zeta potential) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antimicrobial and anticancer activities had run away against some human pathogenic strains and HeLa Cancerous cells with different concentrations respectively. The Au nanoparticles inhibited the growth of the microbial pathogens and cancer cells significantly, in a back breaker and a duration dependent manner. The results of the present study provide conclusive evidence for high antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect.

Keywords: Cyclamen europaeum, Gold nanoparticles, Antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity

195

Preliminary phytochemical, histochemical, UV-VIS, FTIR, GC-MS analysis and physical parameters of rhizosphere soil of Andropogon pumilus Roxb. Chitradevi A, Rebekka Salomi S and Jeline Rani J Department of Botany, Bishop Heber College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu. [email protected]

The aim of the present study is to screen the phytochemical constituents present in the leaf extract of Andropogon pumilus Roxb. extracted using 5 different solvents. Further analysis of the bioactive components was identified by using UV-VIS, FTIR and GC-MS analysis. For Histochemical analysis, stem, root and leaf cross sections were stained to identify the metabolites. The rhizosphere soil was collected to study the physical parameters of the rhizosphere soil. The preliminary phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of Alkaloid, Glycosides, Tannins and Terpenes. The UV-VIS and FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of Amines, Alkyl, Alkenes, Aldehydes and Carboxyl group in different extracts. The results of GC-MS shown the high peak area compound are Oleic acid and Z-8-Methyl-tetradecenoic acid. Histochemical analysis revealed the presence of metabolites. The rhizosphere soil showed pH 8.4, sandy loam and brown in colour.

Key words: A. pumilus, FTIR, GC-MS, Rhizosphere

196

Identification and isolation of syringic acid from soya bean and its antioxidant, antimicrobial activity against human pathogen Sindhu M S and Poonkothai M Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam University, Coimbatore-641 043, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected]

Soy beans are very well known for its medicinal values on human health. Syringic acid is an active principle, which has strong antioxidant and free radical scavenger, it also exhibit numerous beneficial activities. The present study evaluates the isolation and separation of syringic acid from the soy bean and further evaluated for it antimicrobial potential. Syringic acid showed moderate to potent antioxidant activity. The acid possessed antioxidant activity near the range of vitamin E and thus could be a potential rich source of natural antioxidant. In case of antimicrobial activity the syringic acid showed bacterial pathogen inhibition with response to concentration.The present finding suggests that the syringic acid could be developed as pharmaceutical products

Keywords: Syringic acid; Antioxidant activity; Antimicrobial activity

197

Effect of exogenous application of abscisic acid on morphological parameters in two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties under drought stress Ramya S and Arulbalachandran D Division of Plant Stress Physiology, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected]

Investigation was made to study the morphological variation on abscisic acid (ABA) and drought induced two maize (Zea mays) varieties Viz., Co6 and CoH(M)8. The different concentrations of exogenous ABA such as (25 µm, 50, 75 and 100 µm) were induced after drought conditionsand withhold of watering (control plants).Our study aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress and exogenous ABAon selected morphological parameters like plant height, fresh and dry weight were decreased drought stress both twomaize varieties compared to the control. Successively an exogenous ABA significantly increased in the morphological parameters. Thus, ABA shows better recovery in the maximum concentration (75µm) in the varietyCo(H)M 8 when compared to the Co6 variety at 76th day.

Key Words: Maize, Drought, Abscisicacid, Morphological characters

198

In vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Sphaeranthus indicus L. Anusuya N, Vikram S and Beema M Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi-630 004, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected]

Several complementary medicinal techniques such as exercise and meditation may help in the management of cancer and other diseases. But currently, the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant extracts has become the area of interest for prevention and treatment as they carry an imperative therapeutic aid for the management of various types of cancer. The present study is focused on the phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant activity of Sphaeranthus indicus leaf extracts and its anticancer activity on human prostate cancer cell lines. The active ingredients of medicinal plants such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins and phytosterols were found in the leaf extracts. The ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts exhibited dose dependant reducing power and DPPH● radical scavenging activity. The anticancer activity on PC-3 and DU-145 human prostate cancer cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed, morphological changes and shrinkage of cells leading to cell death induced by S. indicus leaf extracts in the prostate cancer cell lines. The ethanolic extract exhibited maximum radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity towards the tested cell lines than the aqueous extract. From the study, it is concluded that the presence of phytochemicals was solely responsible for the antioxidant activity and anticancer properties on studied prostate cancer cell lines. Further, in depth research is needed towards the identification of active principles present in the extracts, which could be effectively used for pharmaceutical applications.

Key Words: Phytochemical screening, in vitro, anticancer activity, MTT assay, cell lines, pharmaceutical applications

199

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Actiniopteris radiata (sw.) and its In vitro antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombolytic activity Rathish Kumar S, Muralidharan S and Anish Prasanna E Department of Biotechnology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore

Actiniopteris radiata is a fern found in base of rocks, dry habitats and also on deep soil. It is used as traditional medicine in controlling blood pressure, tuberculosis and also coughs. Studies shows that the aqueous extract of this plant possess antifertility, styptic and antitubercular properties. Nanotechnology has the potential to bring major advances in medicine. It could also be used to refine drug production, tailoring drugs at a molecular level to make them more effective and reduce side effects. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is eco-friendly, easily available and much safe. The silver nanoparticles synthesized from Actiniopteris radiata, due to its novel properties have been found to have increased activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The silver nanoparticle is synthesized from Actiniopteris radiata which is confirmed primarily by its colour change. Thus, formed silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV visible spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray microanalysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy. Further the activity of this nanoparticles was studied in vitro by antibacterial, antiinflammatory and antithrombolytic activity. The results of these studies showed the increasing activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against Bacillus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas and E. coli when treated against control. The nanoparticles also possessed greater effects in antiinflammatory and antithrombolytic activity against control.

Keywords: Actiniopteris radiate, Silver nanoparticles, Antiinflammatory, Antithrombolytic

200

Phytochemicals assisted synthesis of nanomaterials coated intravascular catheters: A novel biomaterial for biomedical applications Priya Dharshini L C, Tharani P V, Rathishkumar S, Ranjithkumar R, Balaganesh A S and Chandar Shekar B Department of Biotechnology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. Nanotechnology Research Lab, Department of Physics, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. [email protected]

Nanotechnology is novel approaches to research phenomena at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. Nanomaterials have nanoscale dimensions about between 1-100nm and frequently exhibit new and significantly chemical, physical and biological changed proprieties and nanoparticles have excellent catalysts, sensor and adsorbents due to their large specific surface area and high reactivity. Nanobiotechnology has arisen due to assimilation of biotechnology with nanotechnology for emerging biosynthetic and eco-friendly approach for synthesis of nanoparticles. In this present study, the synthesized AgNPs by reduction of silver nitrate during exposure to betel nut aqueous extract was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrum. The crystallinity, surface morphology and element composition of AgNPs was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Dynamic Light Scattering, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed that the particles were crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic geometry. The distribution of the AgNPs observed that the particles obtained are polydisperse mixtures in the size range from 60 to 100 nm by DLS analysis. SEM image of AgNPs shown that relatively spherical in shape and uniform with high agglomeration. AgNPs treated Intravascular catheters have shown the greatest antibacterial activity against biofilm producing human pathogens.

Keywords: AgNPs, XRD, Antibiofilm Activity, Intravascular Catheter, Pathogens

201

Phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds and thin layer chromatographic profile studies of Costus pictus d. Don. Muniraj T and Senthilkumar M PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Dharmapuri - 636 705, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

The insulin plant (Costus pictus) is one of the folk medicines used for the treatment for Diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds of medicinally important plant. The ethanol leaf extract of the plant indicates the presence of chemical constituents such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroid, terpenoids, flavonoid and total phenol. Quantitative analysis of the above active compounds was also carried out in ethanol and acetone extracts. The plant screening for phytochemical constituents seems to have the potential to act as a source of useful drugs and cures many infections. Among the different extracts ethanolic and acetone extracts were used for Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Solvent systems were developed for the best separation of the phytoconstituents present in the extracts. The solvent system selected for the best results of TLC was the ratio of Benzene: Chloroform: Ethanol (7:2:1) for ethanolic extract. The extract is separated on flexible (aluminum-backed) silica TLC plates, and bands are visualized under ultraviolet (UV) light for calculating Rf values. TLC profile resulted in identification of yielded 8 compounds in ethanol extract showed (Rf = 0.81, 0.78, 0.72, 0.70, 0.67, 0.63, 0.58 and 0.55) and acetone extract yielded 6 compounds showed in Benzene: Chloroform: Acetone (7:2:1) solvent system was yield 6 compounds (Rf = 0.84, 0.79, 0.75, 0.71, 0.68 and 0.56). The study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude plant extract of Costus pictus.

Keywords: Costus pictus, Phytochemical screening, Extraction, TLC.

202

Studies on the foliar application of chemical inducers for the management of lakshmi disease of rice Jaiganesh V and Kannan C Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu [email protected]

The Lakshmi disease or False smut of Rice incited by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cke.) Tak. is a severe and widespread disease in major rice-growing areas of Asia, Africa and America. Effect of certain resistance inducing chemicals viz., Cupric chloride, Acetyl Salicylic acid, 2,6 Dichloro Iso Nicotinic acid, Benzoic acid, Nicotinic acid, Propionic acid, Naphthalene Acetic Acid, Acibenzolar S- Methyl, Salicylic acid were sprayed at 10, 20 and 50 ppm conc. individually at disease initiation and repeated once at fifteen days interval under pot culture conditions. The variety ADT 36 grown in rectangular pots of size, 30x45 cm was used for the study. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with three replications for each treatment and a suitable control. The fungicide Copper Oxy Chloride @ 0.25 per cent was used for comparison and the standard agronomic practices as recommended by the State Agricultural Department were followed. Among the various resistance inducing chemicals, Salicylic acid @ 50 ppm recorded the minimum disease incidence followed by Acetyl Salicylic acid @ 50 ppm. Also, the results showed that Salicylic acid @ 50 ppm increased the bio-metrics and yield parameters in both pot culture and field trials.

Keywords: Salicylic acid, resistance inducing chemicals

203

In vivo antidiabetic activity of Naregmia alata Wilson Joel Rodrigues, Bhagya N and Chandrashekar K R Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199 [email protected]

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder associated with high blood glucose level. Diabetes occurs most commonly either due to the lack of insulin or due to insulin resistance. In the present study, antidiabetic effect of crude/partially purified methanolic extract of Naregamia alata Weight & Arn. (Meliaceae) was evaluated using rat models. Also, an attempt was carried out to screen the presence of different phytochemicals in the plant sample. The study revealed a significant (pA. indica > S. trilobatum >A. paniculata >A. marmelos > A. lineata > S. surattrense > C. roseus >A. zeylanica > A. fruticosa >D. metal>S. nigrum > O. canum > P. coleoides >O. sanctum > P. daemia > A. amara >G. sylvestre >C. halicacabum >V. negundo > A. indicum > C. tora >T. terrestris > A. aspera > A. lanata against the larvae of H. armigera. The results imply that leaf aqueous extract of M.azedarach, A. indica, S. trilobatum, A. paniculata, A. marmelos, A. lineata, S. surattrense, C. roseus, A. zeylanica, A. fruticosa and D. metal can potentially be used as eco-friendly pest control agents against the larvae of H. armigera.

Keywords: Antifeedant Activity; Medicinal Plants; Helicoverpa armigera

239

Evaluation of antioxidant and antiulcer activity of Piper betel – An In vivo study Indhumathi T and Karpagajothi J PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Dr. N.G.P Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-48, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Drug treatment of peptic ulcers is targeted at either counteracting aggressive factors stimulating the mucosal defences. The goals of treating peptic ulcer disease are to relieve pain, heal the ulcer and prevent ulcer recurrence. Hence efforts are on to find a suitable treatment from natural product sources. Free radical scavenging activity of extract was evaluated by analyzing DPPH and Lipid peroxidation. The piper betel extract showed maximum scavenging activity at maximum concentration of 100 microgram. In the present study methanolic extract of piper betel showed prevention of gastric ulcer was evaluated by aspirin plus pyloric-ligated and ethanol induced rats. The piper betel was found to increase the pH, decrease the acid volume, ulcer index, free and total acid contents in rats. Piper betel treatment affects the parameters that influence the initiation and perpetuation of ulceration. The result indicated the in vitro antioxidant activity along with ameliorative effect on various ulcerative parameters of methanolic extract of piper betel, this antioxidant potential may be responsible for its antiulcerogenic activity.

Keywords: Piper betel, DPPH, Lipid peroxidation

240

Preliminary phytochemical analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of leaf extract of Syzygium myhendrea (Bedd. Ex Brandis) Gamble Sradha Sajeev, Renuga S, Divya C, and Ramasubbu R Department of Biology, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University) Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624302, India

Syzygium myhendrae is an endemic and endangered tree species which has been used in medicine for various purposes. The canopy of the tree is highly attractive and can be introduced as an ornamental. The fruits are edible, sweet, acidic taste with a tinge of mango flavour. The present study was conducted with various leaf extracts of S.myhendrae to evaluate their phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The powdered dried leaf extracts were extracted with Methanol, hexane, acetone, chloroform solvents by using Soxhlet apparatus. The preliminary phytochemical studies were carried out to check in all the leaf extracts and the results suggested that, all extracts contain phenols, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids whereas the saponins absent in acetone extract. The antimicrobial activity of the various leaf extracts was tested against standard strains of five bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. All the extracts showed that, the inhibitory activity was observed against five bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aerugionosa, Serratia sp., E.coli and Citrobacter koseri. However, the hexane extract showed highest inhibitory zone (17.00±1.00 μg/ml) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by acetone extract (11.66+1.52µg/ml). The antioxidant activities were also conducted on the various leaf extracts. The methanol extract has reported with the highest antioxidant activity (93.56%) which reflected by DPPH assay when compared with other leaf extracts. The findings from the present study provided a support on various indigenous knowledge on usage of this medicinally valuable species.

Keywords: Syzygium myhendrae, phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

241

Effect of sodium azide on multiple shoot induction and amino acid profiling in ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Parvathi S, Palanivel S, Muniapan V, Manivel P, Veerappan R and Prabakaran R Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Karur - 639 005, Tamil Nadu, India.

Multiple shoots were induced from whole embrocated cotyledons of groundnut withdifferent concentrations of kinetin and benzyl amino purine ranged from 5.0 to 30.0 mg/l along with lower concentration of IAA. The multiple shoots were observed in all the KIN and BAP concentrations at varying frequencies. Among the various levels of KIN and BAP 25.0 mg/l of KIN plus 1.0 mg/l of IAA was found to be the most effective in terms of multiple shoot formation, The growth parameters like plantlet height, fresh weight and dry weight also highly influenced by the concentration of the KIN and BAP.The root induction was achieved in micro propagated shoots by using IAA at concentrations of 1.0 to 5.0 mg/l. The mean number of roots, root length and number of roots were highly influenced by IAA. The whole embryonated axes were treated with different concentrations of sodium azide ranged from 10 to 50mM. For mutagen treatment, the presoaking period was 4hrs and sodium azide treatment was 2hrs and mutagen treated explant were cultured on 25.0 mg / l of BAP.All the growth parameters were increased upto30mM. Above this, there was drastic reduction in all the growth characteristics studied. The HPTLC analysis of amino acids showed that, some amino acids increased in lower concentrations and some of them were increased over control at a higher concentration of sodium azide treatments.

Keyword: IAA, aized, embrionated.

242

Impact of cadmium on biochemical constituents of tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) Chitra K Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

[email protected]

The present study was conducted to determine the impact of cadmium on biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, total sugar, starch, amino acid, proline and proteincontent) of tobacco were investigated in control and cadmium treated plants (10,25,50,75,100,200 mg kg-1 of soil) at regular intervals on 30, 60,90,120,150, and 180 days. The pot culture experiments were carriedout. The control and the metal stressed plants were grown in natural conditions for the period of six months. Cadmium was used in the form of cadmium chloride. The spectrophotometer was used for the analysis of various biochemical parameters. With further increase of cadmium level (10-200 mg kg-1), the proline content of tobacco was increased in all the sampling days. In the cadmium treated tobacco plants the proline showed a progressive trend upto 120 days than 150 and 180 days. All the biochemical parameters showed the increasing trend upto 120 days and then gradual decrease on 150 and 180 days.

Key words: cadmium, biochemical parameters, spectrophotometer, proline.

243

Isolation and characterization of marine derived actinomycetes with potential antimicrobial activity Krishna Priya M and Gurusaravanan Packiaraj Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore -641 046, Tamilnadu, India. [email protected]

Marine microorganisms have become an important source of novel bioactive compounds. Marine actinomycetes is one of the most economically and biotechnologically valuable organism able to synthesis many different biologically active secondary metabolites. In the present study, to isolate and evaluated the antimicrobial activity of marine actinomycetes species from Pamban island of Rameswaram coastal region, tamil Nadu. Different actinomycetes strains were isolated from seawater samples collected from Rameswaram coast. The preliminary serial dilution technique was followed to isolate the actinomycetes and later it was confirmed by morphological and microscopic examination. The preliminary examination was done by using cross streak method against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts were performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The morphological characters and potential activity against different human pathogen was recorded. The inhibition zone was measured against bacterium Pseudomonas species (11.0 ± 0.2 mm), staphylococcus species (9.0 ± 0.2 mm), E.coil(13.0 ± 0.4 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (8.0 ± 0.2 mm). The results of the present study revealed that seawater samples of Rameswaram Sea are a potent source of antibiotics and this study can be useful in discovery of novel species of actinomycetes.

Keywords: Actinomycetes, Bioactive compounds, Antimicrobial, Rameswaram coast.

244

Phytochemical screening, TLC profiling and antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts from Elaeocarpus variabilis leaves Kavi Priya B and Gurusaravanan Packiaraj Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore -641 046, Tamilnadu, India. [email protected]

Elaeocarpus variabilis tree which is found commonly in Western Ghats of India. The plant leaves are highly medicinal valuable and cure various health aliments. The plant is very important in the field of pharmaceutical science due to the presence of robust phytochemicals. In the present study, the preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of various extractions of Elaeocarpus leaves were analyzed. Different solvent extraction was made for the preliminary screening of phytochemicals. The quantitative analysis was done by using standard procedure and the results showed the presence of phytosterols, saponins, total flavonoids and phenols. TLC profiling of all extracts gives an indication of the presence of various bioactive compounds. Various biochemicals like flavonoid, phenol, saponins and phytosterols were high with acetone extract fraction and also showed high potential antimicrobial activities. The different solvent extracts showed that greater inhibition zone against Staphylococcus species (08.0 ± 0.4 mm),Bacillus subtilis (09.0 ± 0.4 mm),Pseudomonas species (10.0 ± 0.3 mm), and E.coli(12.0 ± 0.2 mm). Thus, the present study confirms the presence of phytochemicals in Elaeocarpus variabilis leaves which shows good antimicrobial activity and this result are used to explore the secondary metabolite profile and bioactive compound identification in the field of pharmaceutical research.

Keywords: Elaeocarpus variabilis, antimicrobial, TLC, phytocompound.

245

Studies on free radical formation in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) induced by gamma irradiation in electron spin resonance spectroscopy Latha S and Arulbalachandran D Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Ionizing radiations are the tool in the hand of plant breeders to create variability inproducing new traits of desirable character in crop population.Gamma rays have proved to be a more economical and effective compared to other physical mutagens because of their easy availability and high power of penetration, which alter the gene sequence in plants through mutation.finger millet (Eleusinecorocana L.Gaertn) most widely produced cereal worldwide. In this investigation, the seeds treated with gamma irradiation at 10kR, 20 and 30kR infinger millet showed that reduction in seedlings growth due to formation of free radicals induced by gamma irradiation. The un-paired electrons were detected by ESR which increased in increasing dose of gamma rays compared to control.

Key words: Gamma rays, ESR, free radicals, finger millet.

246

Oro-gustatory assessment of dietary fat and its impact in the physiological and behavioral parameters of Indian field mouse Mus booduga Deepan Kumar SP and Selvakumar Subramaniam Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. In recent years, the problem of obesity has risen to epidemic scope. Obesity, and its related complications, such as diabetes, stroke, and cancer, rank among the highest causes of death across globe. Many studies involving both rodents and humans have shown that fatty acids elicit a unique chemosensory experience. However, whether preference for fat is the cause and/or the consequence of obesity remains to be elucidated. The present report brings the first demonstration that diet induced M.booduga alters the physiological and biochemical parameters involved in the detection of dietary lipids in the rat. when analyze the effect of normal chow diet (4% lipid) and high fat diet (40% lipid) on body mass index in Mus.booduga, it reveals that the body weight (58.8% greater), weight gain difference and kg live mass of the animals showed elevated levels when compared to control diet group. Furthermore, interestingly it was observed that the Obesity-associated insulin resistance more severe in HFD fed mice when compared to SD fed mice. Similarly, the HFD-fed mice also showed higher levels of fasting plasma glucose and insulin than control groups. HFD-induced insulin resistance, as determined by an insulin tolerance test, was more prominent in HFD fed mice than in SD fed mice. A glucose tolerance test further revealed that the HFD fed mice suffered from impaired glucose metabolism. According to our results, In Mus.booduga, the oral fatty acid sensitivity, in response to stimulation with fatty acids, is determinant for fat consumption and body weight regulation. We were tempted to assess the oro-sensorial detection of dietary lipids. We observed, to our great surprise, that the mice fed the high fat diet displayed a behavior similar to that of controls maintained on regular chow exhibited a similar gustatory preference for the oily solution in a two-bottle preference test. In conclusion, we report in this study, for the first time, that obesity in M.booduga is associated with the oro-gustatory perception of dietary fat and their rehabilitated calorie intake, which might associated with altered CD36 expression.

247

Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti cancer activity in fruit extract of Elaeocarpus variabilis Zmarzty. Venkatachalam Balamurugan, Thomas Cheeran Amal, Kannan Raja, Palanisamy Karthika, Jayakumar Nataraj, Krishnan Vasanth Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046 [email protected]

E. variabilis Zmarzty is known as South Indian Marble Tree which is an endemic in the Western Ghats. The tribal people who are used the fruits for therapeutic purpose. There is no previous report on phytochemicals studies of this species. In the present study, the E. variabilis was quantitatively analyzed by the nutrition and vitamins. Among different Vitamins were tested in Vitamin-B1 showed maximum amount was found to be fruit. To estimated Antidiabetic and Anti-inflammatory which was followed by using different solvents. The highest α-Amylase inhibited by the methanol extract and α-glucosidase should be inhibited by ethyl acetate extracts of showed more anti diabetic potential activity and anti inflammatory activity was showed significantly highest in the ethyl acetate extract. The anti cancer activity HT-29 colon and Hep G2 liver cancer cell lines were tested by ethyl acetate extract that good activity on liver cancer cells when compared to Doxorubicin standard. E. variabilis is one of the good antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activity. The fruit is very important valuable nutrition, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties as an effect prevention and management of human health. Key words: E. variabilis, nutrition, antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer

248

Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of various Solvent Extracts of Striga angustifolia (D.Don) C. J. Saldanha. Kannan Raja, Venkatachalam Balamurugan, Palanisamy Karthika, Thomas Cheeran Amal and Krishnan Vasanth Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore– 641 046 [email protected]

Striga angustifolia (D.Don) C.J.Saldanha, a genus of Striga that follows Schrophulariaceae, has been beneficial side in the traditional medicine for the African people. It has been valuable for in curing various diseases, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hypertension, antifertility, anti-implantation. In the present study, to characterize the chemical composition, evaluate the S. angustifolia, phytochemical constituents in primary and secondary metabolites, in vitro antioxidants, anti-cancer, anti-inflamatory, anti-arthritic, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial activities in ethyl acetate extracts. Striga angustifolia (D.Don) C.J.Saldanha. was collected from the Maruthamali foot hills, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. Extracts were prepared and screened for anti-inflamatory, anti-arthritic, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer (against HCT-15), and antimicrobial using in vitro studies. Striga angustifolia ethyl acetate extract is highly amount present in secondary metabolites compare to the other solvents. Antioxidants activity is more than highly effective in ethyl acetate extract compare to the other extract. Striga angustifolia ethylacetate extract, Secondary metabolites in alkaloids, phenols, tannins and flavonoids to presently check to the chromatographic techniques in HPTLC analysis compare to the standard. GC-MS analysis seven volatile compounds are present in the ethyl acetate extract. In the extract is furtherly check to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory, arthritic, diabetic, cancer and microbial studies in the results are valuable to the pharmacological aspects.Our results these findings justify that Striga angustifolia can be valuable metabolites, natural antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer and antimicrobial source which seemed to provide potential medicinal value. Further, detailed exploration, chemical studies and screening for medicinal properties will provide cost effective and reliable source of medicine for the welfare of humanity. Keywords: S angustifolia, HPTLC, FT-IR, GC-MS, anti-inflamatory, anti-diabetic

249

Evaluation of In vitro anti-diabetic and anti cancer activity of fruit fleshy extract of Indian almond Terminalia catappa L . Palanisamy Karthika,Venkatachalam Balamurugan, Thomas Cheeran Amal and Krishnan Vasanth Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore– 641 046 [email protected] The present research investigation was aimed to evaluate the possible in vitro antioxidant, anti cancer, anti diabetic and antibacterial activity using different organic solvents extracts of fruit fleshy Terminalia catappa. The result showed the highest total phenol and flavonoid in the methanol extract when compared to other solvent extract. While high amount of tannin was observed in chloroform extract. In vitro antioxidants were tests in methanol extracts showed a maximum activity of DPPH and reducing power activity, chloroform extract had the highest reducing phosphomolybdenum scavenging activity and water extract showed high Metal Chelating activity was found. In vitro antidiabetic activity was determined by inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, the best result was found in Methanol extract. The anticancer activity of methanol extract against HT-29 colon and HepG2 liver cancer cell line showed a good result when compared to the Doxorubicin standard. The antibacterial activity of different extracts of T. catappa were tested by agar disc diffusion method where the methanol extract showed excellent inhibition against gram positive (S. aureus, S. epidermidis) and gram negative (P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, E. coli) bacterial strains. In the current decade, most of the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotics and drugs causing major health problem for the humans in the usage of synthetic antibiotics. Hence natural secondary metabolite based drugs has to be implemented.

Keywords: Terminalia catappa, anticancer, antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity, antibacterial activity.

250

Effects of root-knot nematode inoculums densities on morphological and phytochemical analysis of selected horse gram germplasm Thomas Cheeran Amal, Palanisamy Karthika, Venkatachalam Balamurugan, Krishnan Vasanth Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore– 641 046 [email protected] Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita; RKN) are important constraints on agricultural crops worldwide. Horse gram is a vulnerable pulse crop from the agriculture revolution exceptionally in southern India. This study intended to assess the resistance of four horse gram accessions IC-1536, IC-1572, IC-1451 and IC-1115 selected from 100 accessions based on the morphological and biochemical scrutiny. Individual seedlings were planted in the pots filled with sterile soil and inoculated with three doses (25, 50 and 100) of second stage juveniles of M. incognita. The interactions between inoculum levels in response to morphological and various primary and secondary metabolites of infected plants were determined over untreated control. All nematode inoculums densities influenced the shoot length of plants, flowering, and yield. There was a positive correlation between inoculum levels and percent reduction in plant growth and yield. The level of amino acid, proline, protein, total phenol, and flavonoids contents were increased while carbohydrate and starch contents were decreased in all the varieties compared to the 15th day after inoculation. It is concluded that M. incognita has the potential to severely impair the growth and biochemical levels. Keywords: Biochemical; Horse gram; Inoculum levels; Meloidogyne incognita; Plant growth

251

CD36 Genetic Polymorphism Is Associated With Oral Fat Taste Perception and Obesity in Indian Population Karthi Muthuswamy, Deepan Kumar SP, Selvakumar Subramaniam. Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. [email protected]

Recent evidences demonstrate that gustatory lipid sensor, CD36 plays a role in obesity development. Focus of our current research is to attain insight into the relationship between CD36 gene polymorphisms and oral lipid taste perception. Three groups of peoples i.e control, overweight and obese peoples were recruited for the present study. Anthropometric as well as biochemical parameters were measured by a standard method. Fat preference analysis for dietary lipids was performed by three-alternate forced choice test using linoleic acid (LA) at different concentrations. Further, blood samples were collected for CD36 SNP genotyping at rs1761667

(G>A) using Real-Time PCR (n = 60). We observed a positive correlation between LA detection threshold and adiposity parameters (p