... Alberta â MSSRF partnership initiatives. Dr David Turpin, President and Vice-Chancellor and University of Alberta team visit to MSSRF. 30th November 2016 ...
Biodiversity Conservation for Sustainable Use: University of Alberta – MSSRF partnership initiatives
E.D.Israel Oliver King, Principal Scientist, MSSRF
Dr David Turpin, President and Vice-Chancellor and University of Alberta team visit to MSSRF
30th November 2016
Three Pathways of MSSRF-Biodiversity Programme
1
3
2
Major components of Biodiversity programme — Integrated Conservation with an objective of reducing the rate of loss of
on-farm genetic diversity in rice, millets and yams; promotion of conservation and cultivation of medicinal plants and RET plant species, and conservation of sacred groves
— Promotion of sustainable cultivation and consumption practices with
focus on large scale cultivation of promising PGRs of food and nutrition value through integration of traditional ecological knowledge, and modern practices
— Creating an economic stake in conservation with appropriate market
linkages for primary and value added farm and forest produces
— Protection of Farmers Rights and Biodiversity related Traditional
Knowledge by undertaking legal and genetic literacy programmes.
Biodiversity Research Initiatives
NWFP & LIVELIHOODS FOOD PLANT DIVERSITY
4
3 MEDICINAL PLANT DIVERSITY
2 AGROECOSYSTEM AND GENETIC DIVERSITY
1
FINGER MILLET (Eleusinecoracana Eleusinecoracana))
FOXTAIL MILLET (Setariaitalica Setariaitalica))
KODO MILLET (PaspalumScrobiculatum PaspalumScrobiculatum))
LITTLE MILLET
PROSO MILLET
BARNYARD MILLET
(Panicumsumatrense Panicumsumatrense))
(Panicummiliaceum Panicummiliaceum))
(Echinochloafrumentacea Echinochloafrumentacea))
Paddy diversity in Koraput landscapes
WILD EDIBLE YAMS in Wayanad
Science based Participatory Research
Conservation Chronicling Building Grassroots
Cultivation Collectives
Enhancing Capacity
Consumption
Communication
Commerce Ensuring Resilience
Key Achievements —
Keystone Dialogue Series (or Madras Dialogue) were one of the earliest high level policy meetings during 1988 and 1992
—
Conservation of diverse high value Germplasm: A large number of Neglected and Under Utilized Species (NUS) like Millets, Roots and Tubers, and Banana; Rare Endemic, Endangered and Threatened (RET) plant species; Lichens, Microbial diversity
—
Facilitation for initial Drafts of PPV& FRA and BD Acts of India.
—
Promotion of participatory plant breeding techniques in Rice in Jeypore tracts of Odisha with involvement of the “farmer breeders” and Registration of Farmer’s Varieties in Rice with PPV&FRA and inclusion of Millets in National Food Security Act 2013
—
Genome Saviour Award was provided to members of the tribal communities in Wayanad and Koraput by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Authority (PPVFRA).
—
Promotion of FAO’s-Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in India in Kuttanad Below Sea level Farming System and Koraput Tribal Agricultural System
—
Legal & Genetic literacy campaign focusing Biodiversity Act, Farmers’ Rights and Forest dwellers’ Rights for local community leaders; and Promotion of Peoples’ Biodiversity Registers for documentation of agrobiodiversity knowledge
—
Promotion of traditional biodiversity based Food and Nutrition enhancement
—
Every Child A Scientist Programme to inculcate scientific temper amongst school children with regards to biodiversity
—
Establishment of Community Agrobiodiversity Centres in three critical agrobiodiversity hotspots and implementation through a 4 C integrated approach
Scenario – Agrobiodiversity and Malnutrition — Rich Agrobiodiversity in biodiversity hotspots under severe pressure — 22 per cent of the Indian population is undernourished — 40 per cent of children below the age of 3 years are underweight and —
o o o
anaemic 33 per cent of women aged between 15-49 years have a below-normal Body Mass Index. Three major kinds of endemic hunger Calorie deprivation arising from poverty induced under-nutrition; Protein hunger caused by inadequate consumption of pulses or milk, fish and meat Hidden hunger caused by the deficiency of micronutrients in the diet.
Research Hypothesis “integrated agriculture that harnesses local agro-biodiversity offers costeffective, rapid and sustainable solutions to the challenges of poverty and malnutrition without environmental harm” • •
•
• • •
What are the main constraints and opportunities affecting production, income and food and nutrition security in agrobiodiversity hotspots? To what extent integrated farming systems in biodiversity hot spots and bio-resource-based participatory and location specific on-farm and off-farm activities contribute to enhanced farm productivity and income and improved environmental sustainability? What are the measurable effects of targeted malady-remedy-based interventions deploying crop diversity with or without mineral supplementation on rural malnutrition at individual, household and community levels? Will the greater participation of women in planning, implementing and monitoring ensure greater equity and sustainability of interventions? Can local community and grassroots institutions be empowered and enabled to play a role in developing and managing the value chain of local produce? Can skill, technology and information empowerment of communities bring a change in management of resources, products and value chain and what synergistic role the ICT could play in this respect?
Project Coverage, March 2011- August 2014 Project Site
Number of Hamlets / Villages
Number of Households
Number of Persons
Valappur panchayat Kolli Hills Kundra Block Koraput
31
841
3673
32
2004
8547
Meenangadi PanchayatWayanad Total
31
1000
4333
94
3845
16553
Source: APM Baseline Report, 2011
The overall goal of the project is enhancing food, nutritional security and income of rural poor in agrobiodiversity hotspots Objectives
Key Intervention
Objective 1: Increased farm productivity by promoting integrated and sustainable Participatory Varietal Trials use of local crop and livestock diversity, with attention to under-utilized crops and Yield Enhancement Trials breeds, vegetables and fruit trees Seed Banks / Pulveriser Mills Vermicompost Pits Fodder Cultivation Objective 2: Enhancing food and nutrition Kitchen Garden security at individual, household, and community levels; understanding the gender Private Fish Ponds dimensions of poverty and the socioeconomic Community Fish Ponds empowerment of women Backyard Poultry
Objectives Key Interventions Objective 3: Enhancing on- and off- Value Addition in Millets & farm livelihood diversification Mushroom Cultivation options Collective Farming of Yam & Vegetable Cultivation Goatery and Poultry Units Objective 4: Need based capacity building of focal farm families involving panchayats, Farmer Groups/Self Help governmental, non-governmental Groups and service providing institutions and policy makers Objective 5: Developing tools and processes including ICT for information/knowledge management and policy advocacy
Village Resource Centres Village Knowledge Centres
Nutrition though Home Gardens Kolli Hills
Koraput
Wyanad
398
387
627
A total of 1412 kitchen gardens promoted during the project period
Plot No. 1
2
3
4
5
“We were so excited to harvest a variety of fresh, pesticide-free vegetables almost every day from our backyard. Eating healthy and tasty food gave us a tremendous sense of satisfaction and we shall continue this practice of growing kitchen garden. Moreover, we could save up to Rs 150 per week- which we were spending on buying vegetables before we had a kitchen garden”. -Vennila, Kolli Hills
6
7
8
Crop
Period
Tomato Radish Cowpea/ Beans Okra Okra Radish Chilies Onion Cabbage/ Beet
Jan – Mar Apr – May Jun – Sep Oct – Dec Jan- Apr May – Jun Jun – Oct Jun–Oct( inter crop) Nov – Jan
Greens Tomato Onion Beetroot/ Radish Cluster beans Greens Brinjal Dolichos/ Bean Onion Tomato Greens Okra Brinjal Cauliflower/ Beans
Dec – Feb Mar – Jun Jul – Sep Oct – Nov Jan – Apr Apr – May Jun – Dec Dec – Jan Feb – May May – Aug Sep – Nov Feb – May Jun – Oct Oct – Jan
Cluster bean Okra Tomato Cabbage/ Beans Radish Tomato Chillies
Apr – Aug Dec – Jan Aug – Nov Dec – Feb Mar – Apr Nov – Feb May – Nov
CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN HOME GARDENS Category
2011
2012
2013
Fruit Vegetables
Tomato, Brinjal, Okra,
Tomato, Brinjal, Okra,
Tomato, Brinjal, Okra,
Greens
Amaranthus (Red/green), Basella, Spinach, mint, coriander
Amaranthus (R/G), Spinach, Chekurmanis, Pulichakeera, Mint
Amaranthus (R/G), Spinach, Pulichakeera, Chekurmanis, Vallarai, Coriander
Roots & tubers
Radish, carrots, Beet roots, Ginger
Radish, Carrots, Beet roots, sweet potato, Onion
Radish, Beetroot, Sweet potato, Potato, Ginger Onion
Cole crops
Cabbage, Cauliflower, Mustard
Cabbage, mustard
Mustard
Legumes
Dolichos, cluster beans, peas, native black and red kidney beans
Dolichos, Cluster beans, cowpea, spring , Black, Red & French beans
Dolichos, Cluster beans, Spring beans, French beans, Red beans
Fruits/ Perennials
Banana, Guava, Amla, Anonas
Banana, Guava, Papaya, Moringa, curry leaves,
Banana, Guava, Papaya, Moringa
Home gardening practice increased from10 % (Dec 2011) to 86% ( Sep 2013
FARMERS PARTICIPATORY VARIETAL SELECTION IN PADDY Identified Problems: Lack of high yield and Palatable varieties in Paddy (Rabi season) Rabi 2012 ADT 36, ADT 39, ADT 45, ASD 19, Bhavani and IR 20 (Control)
4000 3500 3000
Kg/Acre
Rabi 2013 ADT 36, ADT 39, ADT 43, ADT 45, ASD 19 and IR 20 (Control)
PVS PADDY GRAIN YIELD - RABI 2012 & 2013
2500 2000
Rabi 2012 Average Grain Yield (Kg/Acre)
1500
Rabi 2013 Average Grain Yield (Kg/Acre)
1000 500 0 ADT 36
ADT 39
ADT 45
ASD 19
VARIETIES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
VARIETIES ADT 36
High Yielder, less incidence of pest & diseases, medium grain, early maturity
ADT 45
High Yielder, very less incidence of pest & diseases, medium slender grain, early maturity and palatable variety
ADT 43
High Yielder, less incidence of pest & diseases, medium slender grain
ADT 39
High Yielder, less incidence of pest & diseases, medium slender grain, palatable variety
ASD 19
High Yielder, short slender grain
Bhavani
Moderate Yielder, prone to pest and diseases
BHAVANI / ADT 43
IR 20
FARMERS PARTICIPATORY VARIETAL SELECTION IN CASSAVA Identified Problems: Lack of high yield and starch content varieties in Cassava in Kharif season Kharif 2011 and Kharif 2012 CMR 1, CMR 29, CMR 58, CMR 63, CMR 71, CMR 107, H-740, Sri Rekha, Sri Padmanabha and Harshwa and H-165
PVS (CASSAVA) STARCH CONTENT - KHARIF 2011 & 2012
PVS (CASSAVA) TUBER YIELD - KHARIF 2011 & 2012 35
14000
30
Kg/Acre
12000 10000 8000
Kharif 2011 Average Tuber Yiled (Kg/Acre)
6000 4000
Kharif 2012 Average Tuber Yiled (Kg/Acre)
2000
Starch Content (%)
16000
25 20 15
Kharif 2011 Average Starch Content (%)
10
Kharif 2012 Average Starch Content (%)
5 0
0
VARIETIES
CMR 1, CMR 73 and Sri Rekha preferred by farmers on yield wise as like local H 165
VARIETIES
CMR 1, SRI REKHA and CMR 73 have high starch content (27-29%) compare with H 165 (24%)
FARMERS PARTICIPATORY YIELD ENHANCEMENT TRIALS IN PADDY Problems: Lack of knowledge on improved agricultural practice to increase yield in paddy Action: On-farm Yield enhancement trials in paddy YET (PADDY) - Kharif 2012
YET (PADDY) - RABI 2013 2000
1500 1000
Farmer Practise
500
Improved Practise
Yield (Kg/Acre)
Yield (Kg/Acre)
2000
1500 1000
Farmer Practise
500
0
Improved Practise
0 1
2
3
4
1
Farmers
2
3
4
Farmers
Field Operations;
Farmer’s Practise
Improved Practise
Seed treatment
No bio fertilizer application
Bio fertilizer treatment
Seed rate
40– 50 Kgs/ ac
15 - 20 kgs / ac
Number of Hills
5-7 Hills
2 Hills
Planting method
Closer Planting
Line Planting 20 x 15 cm
Fertilizer application
Irrational use of Complex fertilizers
Recommended doze of Straight fertilizers ( soil health card based)
Pest & Disease Chemical Pesticides / Fungicides Bio-control / collective measures Management Nearly 25 % additional yield in Improved Practice than Farmer Practice in Paddy
Enhancing Soil Sustainability
Kolli Hills
Jeypore
400
497
Activities
M
F
Filling of composting materials (Sand, Red Soil, Farm Wastes, FYM)
*
*
Application of irrigation before release earthworms
*
Periodical monitoring and maintenance of compost pits Average weight of 15 Farmers pit (Kg/Pit)
Vermicompost Harvest B Zone
0 1
2
3 4 5 6 7 Monthly wise Harvest
8
*
*
*
Harvesting of vermicompost
100 50
*
C Zone
Application of vermicompost and vermi wash to crops Storage of vermicompost
*
Vermicompost Harvest Zone
No of Families
Average Harvested data
Vermicompost - Crop
Vermiwash - Crop
B
62
25 - 55 Kg / Harvest / Month / Pit
Paddy, Banana, Millets, Cassava, Home Garden, Coffee, Pepper and Tree crops
Coffee, Pepper and Home Garden
C
36
30 - 65 Kg / Harvest / Month / Pit
Paddy, Banana, Cassava, Home Garden, Coffee and Pepper
Coffee, Pepper and Home Garden
D
2
40 - 50 Kg / Harvest / Month / Pit
Paddy, Banana, Coffee, Pepper and Home Garden
Coffee, Pepper and Home Garden
Inland Fish culture to promote Nutrition and Additional Income PARTICULA RS
KH
JY
WY
2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 No of House Hold 120
150
477 496
10
11
No of settlements covered
17
22
25
28
8
10
No of participants Trained
124
146
148 172
33
42
Approach Pond users – group cleaning and bunds raising Field exposure and fish seed farms visit spot feeding, bundh feeding and tray feeding. Fish feeding by members on rotation basis Fishing demonstration and training Cooking demonstration
Nutritional Literacy for Behavioural Change TRAINING TOPICS PROGRA M Nutrition Awareness 14
M
F
TOTAL
96
413
523
Establishment of Home Gardens Personal Hygiene
6
32
89
127
5
76
94
175
Family Nutrition
8
33
114
155
Child Nutrition
5
38
183
226
Cooking Demo
21
87
292
400
Field Exposure visits
11
26
212
249
Children Nutrition Club Nursery Production
6
18
62
86
6
19
72
97
Processing of Vegetables/ Fruits
5
11
87
103
Orientation Training
Puppet Making Training
Visual Boards on Anemia control
Family Nutrition
Children's club
Cooking Demo
Children's Field visit
Behavioral Change Communication •Home Garden - Training Module • Food and Nutrition – Flash •Documentary film on “Home Garden for every house hold” – 20 Min (Tamil) •Traditional foods and its nutrition •Tamil Importance of Fruits & Greens in diet –Tamil •Processing of vegetables from Home gardens - Tamil •Fruit processing methods –Tamil •Vermi compost Preparation - Tamil
Village Resource Centre and Village Knowledge Centres for Knowledge management Ø746 users benefited from VRC Services Ø In 2013 Female users are more than male users Ø Last two Years 6709 members utilized VKC Services Total VKC users
Total VRC Visitors 400
2500
350 2000
300
Male
250
1500
200
Female
150 100
Male 1000
Female
500
50 0
0
2012
2013
2012
2013
Knowledge products of APM IEC MATERIALS – VIDEO FILMS
60 different Leaflets distributed to the House Holds
1. Knowledge Revolution through VRC and VKCs (12 min) 2. Use of Vermi compost (12 min) 3. Nutrition Garden for Every House ( 15 min) 4.Popularishing Fish Farming in Community ponds (10 min) 5. Meenae..! Meenae…! (Fish ) 10 min 6. Why Farmers Research Group ? (12 min)
Pest and Disease management
Fruits and Vitamin
Anemia control Servicesi of VKC
About APM Project
Capacity Building and strengthening Community Institutions Gender Ratio in Training Participation
Banana cultivation Training
Coffee cultivation Training
800 600 537
Female
Male
400
Female
200
Male
0 Male
Female
Quality Seed Production Training
Knowledge worker’s Training
229 157
204 99 84
Agriculture Training
Nutrition Training
35
Enterprise Training
Land based farmers category on Farm productivity Training
Other Capacity building trainings
FEMALE
97 81
MALE
37 30
4 1
MARGINAL
13
SMALL
MEDIUM
5 9 LARGE
Gendered & land based farmers category on Nutrition Awareness Programs
MALE FEMALE
LAND LESS LARGE
4 8
MEDIUM SMALL MARGINAL
LAND LESS
0
100
200
300
UoA Graduate Internships in APM — Research on intercropping in cassava- UA (Harms and Dyck, 2013) — Research on Food & Nutritional Security through Diversified Food Basket- UA
(Huang and Farmer, 2013) — A Comparative Study of Food and Nutritional Security between Canada, the United
States and India- UA (Minhas and Goddard, 2013; Goddard and Minhas, 2013) — Research on Identifying Factors affecting the Adoption of Mechanised Milling by
Women-UA (Miller-Tait et al., 2013) — Research on Willingness to Pay and Adoption of Pro-Poor Technologies – UA
(Hossack and An, 2013) — Factors affecting changes in food choices in Kolli Hills, India (Tian Huang) — Research on the Role of Social Networks in Diversification of Income Sources – UA
(Johny et al., 2014) — Research on Understanding Social Practices of Knowledge Mobilization – UA
(Hudson et al., 2014)
Research outputs Presentation Location
Poster Presentation UA team
Paper Presentation
MSSRF UA team
Articles Published
MSSRF UA team
MSSRF
International
9
5
4
6
1
5
Canada
7
6
5
6
0
2
India
0
8
0
7
0
0
Total
16
19
9
19
1
Outreach National level Policy Consultation on Alleviating Poverty and Malnutrition in Agrobiodiversity Hotspots, New Delhi 27 September 2013
Food Security Dialogue at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada from 30 April to 2 May 2014.
Post Project Evaluation Successful Interventions • Yield Enhancement Trials
Interventions with limited success
• Vermi-compost production • Kitchen Garden • Backyard Poultry • Group enterprises collective farming of yam / vegetable cultivation / goatery
•Participatory Varietal Trials •Seed banks •Pisciculture in Community Ponds •Group enterprises – value addition in mushroom, poultry •Village Knowledge Centers
Key Learning — Management capacity of groups/grass
root institutions — Management of assets — Data management — Developing input-output linkages – Value
Chains
Thank you