Biodiversity Conservation for Sustainable Use: University of Alberta ...

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... Alberta – MSSRF partnership initiatives. Dr David Turpin, President and Vice-Chancellor and University of Alberta team visit to MSSRF. 30th November 2016 ...
Biodiversity Conservation for Sustainable Use: University of Alberta – MSSRF partnership initiatives

E.D.Israel Oliver King, Principal Scientist, MSSRF

Dr David Turpin, President and Vice-Chancellor and University of Alberta team visit to MSSRF

30th November 2016

Three Pathways of MSSRF-Biodiversity Programme

1

3

2

Major components of Biodiversity programme — Integrated Conservation with an objective of reducing the rate of loss of

on-farm genetic diversity in rice, millets and yams; promotion of conservation and cultivation of medicinal plants and RET plant species, and conservation of sacred groves

— Promotion of sustainable cultivation and consumption practices with

focus on large scale cultivation of promising PGRs of food and nutrition value through integration of traditional ecological knowledge, and modern practices

— Creating an economic stake in conservation with appropriate market

linkages for primary and value added farm and forest produces

— Protection of Farmers Rights and Biodiversity related Traditional

Knowledge by undertaking legal and genetic literacy programmes.

Biodiversity Research Initiatives

NWFP & LIVELIHOODS FOOD PLANT DIVERSITY

4

3 MEDICINAL PLANT DIVERSITY

2 AGROECOSYSTEM AND GENETIC DIVERSITY

1

FINGER MILLET (Eleusinecoracana Eleusinecoracana))

FOXTAIL MILLET (Setariaitalica Setariaitalica))

KODO MILLET (PaspalumScrobiculatum PaspalumScrobiculatum))

LITTLE MILLET

PROSO MILLET

BARNYARD MILLET

(Panicumsumatrense Panicumsumatrense))

(Panicummiliaceum Panicummiliaceum))

(Echinochloafrumentacea Echinochloafrumentacea))

Paddy diversity in Koraput landscapes

WILD EDIBLE YAMS in Wayanad

Science based Participatory Research

Conservation Chronicling Building Grassroots

Cultivation Collectives

Enhancing Capacity

Consumption

Communication

Commerce Ensuring Resilience

Key Achievements —

Keystone Dialogue Series (or Madras Dialogue) were one of the earliest high level policy meetings during 1988 and 1992



Conservation of diverse high value Germplasm: A large number of Neglected and Under Utilized Species (NUS) like Millets, Roots and Tubers, and Banana; Rare Endemic, Endangered and Threatened (RET) plant species; Lichens, Microbial diversity



Facilitation for initial Drafts of PPV& FRA and BD Acts of India.



Promotion of participatory plant breeding techniques in Rice in Jeypore tracts of Odisha with involvement of the “farmer breeders” and Registration of Farmer’s Varieties in Rice with PPV&FRA and inclusion of Millets in National Food Security Act 2013



Genome Saviour Award was provided to members of the tribal communities in Wayanad and Koraput by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Authority (PPVFRA).



Promotion of FAO’s-Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in India in Kuttanad Below Sea level Farming System and Koraput Tribal Agricultural System



Legal & Genetic literacy campaign focusing Biodiversity Act, Farmers’ Rights and Forest dwellers’ Rights for local community leaders; and Promotion of Peoples’ Biodiversity Registers for documentation of agrobiodiversity knowledge



Promotion of traditional biodiversity based Food and Nutrition enhancement



Every Child A Scientist Programme to inculcate scientific temper amongst school children with regards to biodiversity



Establishment of Community Agrobiodiversity Centres in three critical agrobiodiversity hotspots and implementation through a 4 C integrated approach

Scenario – Agrobiodiversity and Malnutrition — Rich Agrobiodiversity in biodiversity hotspots under severe pressure — 22 per cent of the Indian population is undernourished — 40 per cent of children below the age of 3 years are underweight and —

o o o

anaemic 33 per cent of women aged between 15-49 years have a below-normal Body Mass Index. Three major kinds of endemic hunger Calorie deprivation arising from poverty induced under-nutrition; Protein hunger caused by inadequate consumption of pulses or milk, fish and meat Hidden hunger caused by the deficiency of micronutrients in the diet.

Research Hypothesis “integrated agriculture that harnesses local agro-biodiversity offers costeffective, rapid and sustainable solutions to the challenges of poverty and malnutrition without environmental harm” • •



• • •

What are the main constraints and opportunities affecting production, income and food and nutrition security in agrobiodiversity hotspots? To what extent integrated farming systems in biodiversity hot spots and bio-resource-based participatory and location specific on-farm and off-farm activities contribute to enhanced farm productivity and income and improved environmental sustainability? What are the measurable effects of targeted malady-remedy-based interventions deploying crop diversity with or without mineral supplementation on rural malnutrition at individual, household and community levels? Will the greater participation of women in planning, implementing and monitoring ensure greater equity and sustainability of interventions? Can local community and grassroots institutions be empowered and enabled to play a role in developing and managing the value chain of local produce? Can skill, technology and information empowerment of communities bring a change in management of resources, products and value chain and what synergistic role the ICT could play in this respect?

Project Coverage, March 2011- August 2014 Project Site

Number of Hamlets / Villages

Number of Households

Number of Persons

Valappur panchayat Kolli Hills Kundra Block Koraput

31

841

3673

32

2004

8547

Meenangadi PanchayatWayanad Total

31

1000

4333

94

3845

16553

Source: APM Baseline Report, 2011

The overall goal of the project is enhancing food, nutritional security and income of rural poor in agrobiodiversity hotspots Objectives

Key Intervention

Objective 1: Increased farm productivity by promoting integrated and sustainable Participatory Varietal Trials use of local crop and livestock diversity, with attention to under-utilized crops and Yield Enhancement Trials breeds, vegetables and fruit trees Seed Banks / Pulveriser Mills Vermicompost Pits Fodder Cultivation Objective 2: Enhancing food and nutrition Kitchen Garden security at individual, household, and community levels; understanding the gender Private Fish Ponds dimensions of poverty and the socioeconomic Community Fish Ponds empowerment of women Backyard Poultry

Objectives Key Interventions Objective 3: Enhancing on- and off- Value Addition in Millets & farm livelihood diversification Mushroom Cultivation options Collective Farming of Yam & Vegetable Cultivation Goatery and Poultry Units Objective 4: Need based capacity building of focal farm families involving panchayats, Farmer Groups/Self Help governmental, non-governmental Groups and service providing institutions and policy makers Objective 5: Developing tools and processes including ICT for information/knowledge management and policy advocacy

Village Resource Centres Village Knowledge Centres

Nutrition though Home Gardens Kolli Hills

Koraput

Wyanad

398

387

627

A total of 1412 kitchen gardens promoted during the project period

Plot No. 1

2

3

4

5

“We were so excited to harvest a variety of fresh, pesticide-free vegetables almost every day from our backyard. Eating healthy and tasty food gave us a tremendous sense of satisfaction and we shall continue this practice of growing kitchen garden. Moreover, we could save up to Rs 150 per week- which we were spending on buying vegetables before we had a kitchen garden”. -Vennila, Kolli Hills

6

7

8

Crop

Period

Tomato Radish Cowpea/ Beans Okra Okra Radish Chilies Onion Cabbage/ Beet

Jan – Mar Apr – May Jun – Sep Oct – Dec Jan- Apr May – Jun Jun – Oct Jun–Oct( inter crop) Nov – Jan

Greens Tomato Onion Beetroot/ Radish Cluster beans Greens Brinjal Dolichos/ Bean Onion Tomato Greens Okra Brinjal Cauliflower/ Beans

Dec – Feb Mar – Jun Jul – Sep Oct – Nov Jan – Apr Apr – May Jun – Dec Dec – Jan Feb – May May – Aug Sep – Nov Feb – May Jun – Oct Oct – Jan

Cluster bean Okra Tomato Cabbage/ Beans Radish Tomato Chillies

Apr – Aug Dec – Jan Aug – Nov Dec – Feb Mar – Apr Nov – Feb May – Nov

CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN HOME GARDENS Category

2011

2012

2013

Fruit Vegetables

Tomato, Brinjal, Okra,

Tomato, Brinjal, Okra,

Tomato, Brinjal, Okra,

Greens

Amaranthus (Red/green), Basella, Spinach, mint, coriander

Amaranthus (R/G), Spinach, Chekurmanis, Pulichakeera, Mint

Amaranthus (R/G), Spinach, Pulichakeera, Chekurmanis, Vallarai, Coriander

Roots & tubers

Radish, carrots, Beet roots, Ginger

Radish, Carrots, Beet roots, sweet potato, Onion

Radish, Beetroot, Sweet potato, Potato, Ginger Onion

Cole crops

Cabbage, Cauliflower, Mustard

Cabbage, mustard

Mustard

Legumes

Dolichos, cluster beans, peas, native black and red kidney beans

Dolichos, Cluster beans, cowpea, spring , Black, Red & French beans

Dolichos, Cluster beans, Spring beans, French beans, Red beans

Fruits/ Perennials

Banana, Guava, Amla, Anonas

Banana, Guava, Papaya, Moringa, curry leaves,

Banana, Guava, Papaya, Moringa

Home gardening practice increased from10 % (Dec 2011) to 86% ( Sep 2013

FARMERS PARTICIPATORY VARIETAL SELECTION IN PADDY Identified Problems: Lack of high yield and Palatable varieties in Paddy (Rabi season) Rabi 2012 ADT 36, ADT 39, ADT 45, ASD 19, Bhavani and IR 20 (Control)

4000 3500 3000

Kg/Acre

Rabi 2013 ADT 36, ADT 39, ADT 43, ADT 45, ASD 19 and IR 20 (Control)

PVS PADDY GRAIN YIELD - RABI 2012 & 2013

2500 2000

Rabi 2012 Average Grain Yield (Kg/Acre)

1500

Rabi 2013 Average Grain Yield (Kg/Acre)

1000 500 0 ADT 36

ADT 39

ADT 45

ASD 19

VARIETIES

GENERAL CHARACTERS

VARIETIES ADT 36

High Yielder, less incidence of pest & diseases, medium grain, early maturity

ADT 45

High Yielder, very less incidence of pest & diseases, medium slender grain, early maturity and palatable variety

ADT 43

High Yielder, less incidence of pest & diseases, medium slender grain

ADT 39

High Yielder, less incidence of pest & diseases, medium slender grain, palatable variety

ASD 19

High Yielder, short slender grain

Bhavani

Moderate Yielder, prone to pest and diseases

BHAVANI / ADT 43

IR 20

FARMERS PARTICIPATORY VARIETAL SELECTION IN CASSAVA Identified Problems: Lack of high yield and starch content varieties in Cassava in Kharif season Kharif 2011 and Kharif 2012 CMR 1, CMR 29, CMR 58, CMR 63, CMR 71, CMR 107, H-740, Sri Rekha, Sri Padmanabha and Harshwa and H-165

PVS (CASSAVA) STARCH CONTENT - KHARIF 2011 & 2012

PVS (CASSAVA) TUBER YIELD - KHARIF 2011 & 2012 35

14000

30

Kg/Acre

12000 10000 8000

Kharif 2011 Average Tuber Yiled (Kg/Acre)

6000 4000

Kharif 2012 Average Tuber Yiled (Kg/Acre)

2000

Starch Content (%)

16000

25 20 15

Kharif 2011 Average Starch Content (%)

10

Kharif 2012 Average Starch Content (%)

5 0

0

VARIETIES

CMR 1, CMR 73 and Sri Rekha preferred by farmers on yield wise as like local H 165

VARIETIES

CMR 1, SRI REKHA and CMR 73 have high starch content (27-29%) compare with H 165 (24%)

FARMERS PARTICIPATORY YIELD ENHANCEMENT TRIALS IN PADDY Problems: Lack of knowledge on improved agricultural practice to increase yield in paddy Action: On-farm Yield enhancement trials in paddy YET (PADDY) - Kharif 2012

YET (PADDY) - RABI 2013 2000

1500 1000

Farmer Practise

500

Improved Practise

Yield (Kg/Acre)

Yield (Kg/Acre)

2000

1500 1000

Farmer Practise

500

0

Improved Practise

0 1

2

3

4

1

Farmers

2

3

4

Farmers

Field Operations;

Farmer’s Practise

Improved Practise

Seed treatment

No bio fertilizer application

Bio fertilizer treatment

Seed rate

40– 50 Kgs/ ac

15 - 20 kgs / ac

Number of Hills

5-7 Hills

2 Hills

Planting method

Closer Planting

Line Planting 20 x 15 cm

Fertilizer application

Irrational use of Complex fertilizers

Recommended doze of Straight fertilizers ( soil health card based)

Pest & Disease Chemical Pesticides / Fungicides Bio-control / collective measures Management Nearly 25 % additional yield in Improved Practice than Farmer Practice in Paddy

Enhancing Soil Sustainability

Kolli Hills

Jeypore

400

497

Activities

M

F

Filling of composting materials (Sand, Red Soil, Farm Wastes, FYM)

*

*

Application of irrigation before release earthworms

*

Periodical monitoring and maintenance of compost pits Average weight of 15 Farmers pit (Kg/Pit)

Vermicompost Harvest B Zone

0 1

2

3 4 5 6 7 Monthly wise Harvest

8

*

*

*

Harvesting of vermicompost

100 50

*

C Zone

Application of vermicompost and vermi wash to crops Storage of vermicompost

*

Vermicompost Harvest Zone

No of Families

Average Harvested data

Vermicompost - Crop

Vermiwash - Crop

B

62

25 - 55 Kg / Harvest / Month / Pit

Paddy, Banana, Millets, Cassava, Home Garden, Coffee, Pepper and Tree crops

Coffee, Pepper and Home Garden

C

36

30 - 65 Kg / Harvest / Month / Pit

Paddy, Banana, Cassava, Home Garden, Coffee and Pepper

Coffee, Pepper and Home Garden

D

2

40 - 50 Kg / Harvest / Month / Pit

Paddy, Banana, Coffee, Pepper and Home Garden

Coffee, Pepper and Home Garden

Inland Fish culture to promote Nutrition and Additional Income PARTICULA RS

KH

JY

WY

2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 No of House Hold 120

150

477 496

10

11

No of settlements covered

17

22

25

28

8

10

No of participants Trained

124

146

148 172

33

42

Approach Pond users – group cleaning and bunds raising Field exposure and fish seed farms visit spot feeding, bundh feeding and tray feeding. Fish feeding by members on rotation basis Fishing demonstration and training Cooking demonstration

Nutritional Literacy for Behavioural Change TRAINING TOPICS PROGRA M Nutrition Awareness 14

M

F

TOTAL

96

413

523

Establishment of Home Gardens Personal Hygiene

6

32

89

127

5

76

94

175

Family Nutrition

8

33

114

155

Child Nutrition

5

38

183

226

Cooking Demo

21

87

292

400

Field Exposure visits

11

26

212

249

Children Nutrition Club Nursery Production

6

18

62

86

6

19

72

97

Processing of Vegetables/ Fruits

5

11

87

103

Orientation Training

Puppet Making Training

Visual Boards on Anemia control

Family Nutrition

Children's club

Cooking Demo

Children's Field visit

Behavioral Change Communication •Home Garden - Training Module • Food and Nutrition – Flash •Documentary film on “Home Garden for every house hold” – 20 Min (Tamil) •Traditional foods and its nutrition •Tamil Importance of Fruits & Greens in diet –Tamil •Processing of vegetables from Home gardens - Tamil •Fruit processing methods –Tamil •Vermi compost Preparation - Tamil

Village Resource Centre and Village Knowledge Centres for Knowledge management Ø746 users benefited from VRC Services Ø In 2013 Female users are more than male users Ø Last two Years 6709 members utilized VKC Services Total VKC users

Total VRC Visitors 400

2500

350 2000

300

Male

250

1500

200

Female

150 100

Male 1000

Female

500

50 0

0

2012

2013

2012

2013

Knowledge products of APM IEC MATERIALS – VIDEO FILMS

60 different Leaflets distributed to the House Holds

1. Knowledge Revolution through VRC and VKCs (12 min) 2. Use of Vermi compost (12 min) 3. Nutrition Garden for Every House ( 15 min) 4.Popularishing Fish Farming in Community ponds (10 min) 5. Meenae..! Meenae…! (Fish ) 10 min 6. Why Farmers Research Group ? (12 min)

Pest and Disease management

Fruits and Vitamin

Anemia control Servicesi of VKC

About APM Project

Capacity Building and strengthening Community Institutions Gender Ratio in Training Participation

Banana cultivation Training

Coffee cultivation Training

800 600 537

Female

Male

400

Female

200

Male

0 Male

Female

Quality Seed Production Training

Knowledge worker’s Training

229 157

204 99 84

Agriculture Training

Nutrition Training

35

Enterprise Training

Land based farmers category on Farm productivity Training

Other Capacity building trainings

FEMALE

97 81

MALE

37 30

4 1

MARGINAL

13

SMALL

MEDIUM

5 9 LARGE

Gendered & land based farmers category on Nutrition Awareness Programs

MALE FEMALE

LAND LESS LARGE

4 8

MEDIUM SMALL MARGINAL

LAND LESS

0

100

200

300

UoA Graduate Internships in APM — Research on intercropping in cassava- UA (Harms and Dyck, 2013) — Research on Food & Nutritional Security through Diversified Food Basket- UA

(Huang and Farmer, 2013) — A Comparative Study of Food and Nutritional Security between Canada, the United

States and India- UA (Minhas and Goddard, 2013; Goddard and Minhas, 2013) — Research on Identifying Factors affecting the Adoption of Mechanised Milling by

Women-UA (Miller-Tait et al., 2013) — Research on Willingness to Pay and Adoption of Pro-Poor Technologies – UA

(Hossack and An, 2013) — Factors affecting changes in food choices in Kolli Hills, India (Tian Huang) — Research on the Role of Social Networks in Diversification of Income Sources – UA

(Johny et al., 2014) — Research on Understanding Social Practices of Knowledge Mobilization – UA

(Hudson et al., 2014)

Research outputs Presentation Location

Poster Presentation UA team

Paper Presentation

MSSRF UA team

Articles Published

MSSRF UA team

MSSRF

International

9

5

4

6

1

5

Canada

7

6

5

6

0

2

India

0

8

0

7

0

0

Total

16

19

9

19

1

Outreach National level Policy Consultation on Alleviating Poverty and Malnutrition in Agrobiodiversity Hotspots, New Delhi 27 September 2013

Food Security Dialogue at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada from 30 April to 2 May 2014.

Post Project Evaluation Successful Interventions • Yield Enhancement Trials

Interventions with limited success

• Vermi-compost production • Kitchen Garden • Backyard Poultry • Group enterprises collective farming of yam / vegetable cultivation / goatery

•Participatory Varietal Trials •Seed banks •Pisciculture in Community Ponds •Group enterprises – value addition in mushroom, poultry •Village Knowledge Centers

Key Learning — Management capacity of groups/grass

root institutions — Management of assets — Data management — Developing input-output linkages – Value

Chains

Thank you