book of abstracts

SYMPOSIUM ON ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY RESEARCH PORTO . PORTUGAL 8-9 june 2017 SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY | P.PORTO

book of abstracts

4th Symposium on Ethics and Social Responsibility Research 2017

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CONTENTES 5 5 6 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 42

CHAIRS ORGANIZING COMMITTEE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Keynote Speaker . A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRISES: THE INFLUENCE OF VALUES ON ENTREPRENEURING MODELS AND IDENTITY ORIENTATION CHOICES . AIDA BOOKS&MORE: A PROJECT BEYOND READING . INNOVATION IN NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS (NPOS) . THE DARK SIDE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP . RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW . CSR AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - EXPLORING THE RELATIONS . SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MUNICIPAL COMPANIES . A SUSTAINABILITY SCORECARD FOR THE FAST-FASHION INDUSTRY . CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY IN THE FAST FASHION INDUSTRY: HOW MEDIA PRESSURE AFFECTED CORPORATE DISCLOSURE AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF RANA PLAZA . SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A NEW CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF DESIGN MANAGEMENT . THE ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SHAPING CONSUMERS’ TRUST IN THE BRAND OF ORGANIZATION . STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AS A PART OF CSR POLICY . THE MUNICIPALITY OF GUIMARÃES AS A MEDIATOR/PROMOTER OF CORPORATE VOLUNTEERING . SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT IN THE PORTUGUESE STOCK MARKET . THE VALUE RELEVANCE OF ESG PERFORMANCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR . CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE PRACTICES OF PORTUGUESE LISTED COMPANIES . IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT AND CEO LETTERS: EVIDENCE FROM THE PORTUGUESE BANKING SECTOR . INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF CSR DISCLOSURE BY BANKS: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES . HELPING OTHERS BY HELPING YOURSELF? A PERSPECTIVE ABOUT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, SERVICE QUALITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL REPUTATION . THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON JOB PURSUIT INTENTIONS: CONTRIBUTES FROM PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT AND ORGANIZATIONAL ATTRACTIVENESS . SUSTAINABLE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY IN ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING IN PORTUGAL . EMPLOYER ATTRACTIVENESS: THE VALUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES OF ORGANIZATIONS . THE IMPACT OF CSR PERCEPTIONS ON WORKERS INNOVATIVE BEAHVIOR: EXPLORING SOCIAL EXCHANGE PROCESS AND THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED EXTERNAL PRESTIGE . DO HUMBLE AND GRITTY LEADERS PROMOTE FOLLOWERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL? . LUXURY BUSINESS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY – CONTRADICTION OR COMMON VOICE? . THE ROLE OF CSR IN THE CREATION OF FIRMS’ NETWORKS A MULTI-CASE STUDY IN PORTUGAL AND BRAZIL . SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP EXPERTS’ PERCEPTIONS . IS DISCRIMINATION AGE-BASED ETHICAL? . CORPORATE MOTIVATIONS FOR LONG-TERM DONATIONS TO NONPROFIT ORGANISATIONS: A CASE STUDY


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43 . HELPING DONORS TO EMPTY THEIR POCKETS: A GUIDE FOR AN ETHICAL ORGANIZATION 44 . THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS STAKEHOLDERS 45 . CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE HOSPITALITY SECTOR: ITS EFFECTS ON THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS 46 . “PORTUGAL THE BEST DESTINATION”: THE CASE STUDY OF A CSR COMMUNICATION THAT CHANGED MINDS AND INCREASED THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE 48 . SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TRAINING EXPERIENCE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA 49 . CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF CSR THE POINT OF VIEW FROM UNDERGRADUATED STUDENTS IN PORTUGAL 50 . CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSABILITY: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS 51 . UNIVERSITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, SATISFACTION AND QUALITY OF SERVICE Perceptions of the Higher Education StudenT 52 . CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR COLLECTIVE IMPACT: THE CASE OF ACCENTURE SPAIN 53 ON ETHICS, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF INDIAN BANKS 54 SUSTAINABILITY DISCLOSURE IMBALANCES: A QUALITATIVE CASE-STUDY ANALYSIS 55 CORPORATE HYPOCRISY AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BRAND CRISES EFFECT ON CONSUMERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARD BRANDS 56 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY COMMUNICATION OF RETAIL BRANDS THROUGH THE PACKAGING OF OWN PRODUCTS 57 . DRIVERS AND BARRIERS OF UNIVERSITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: INTEGRATION INTO TRATEGIC PLANS 58 . ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN ACADEMIA: A PROPOSAL TOWARDS THE EFFICIENT USE OF PAPER 59 . EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON WORK OUTCOMES AND ATTITUDES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS 60 . INFLUENCE OF VALUES AND PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ORIENTATION: A STUDY APPLIED TO STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 61 . THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMPETITIVE AND LEGITIMACY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES 62 . LEADING THROUGH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TO A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 63 . READERS ON FOCUS FOR LITERARY STUDIES: A CASE FOR ETHICAL REFLECTION 64 . SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AS RESEARCH GROUP: ETHIC, PRACTICES AND IMPLICATIONS 65 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


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CHAIRS Marisa Roriz Ferreira, PhD (Chair) School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – P.Porto Alexandra Braga, PhD (Co-Chair) School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – P.Porto Amélia Carvalho, PhD (Co-Chair) School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – P.Porto Luís Fonseca, PhD (Co-Chair) School of Engineering – P.Porto

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Ana Patrícia Duarte, PhD Business Research Unit, ISCTE –IUL Eduardo Simões, PhD Business Research Unit, ISCTE –IUL José Gonçalves das Neves, PhD Business Research Unit, ISCTE –IUL Maria Teresa Barros, PhD School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – P.Porto Nelson Duarte, PhD School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – P.Porto Vanda Lima, PhD School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – P.Porto Vítor Braga, PhD School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – P.Porto Vítor Hugo Silva, PhD Business Research Unit, ISCTE –IUL


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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Alexandra Braga - PORTUGAL School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – Polytechnic Institute of Porto Amélia Carvalho School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL Ana Cláudia Rodrigues Porto Accounting and Business School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL Ana Hirshs Adler National Autonomous University of Mexico, MEXICO Ana Patricia Duarte Business Research Unit, ISCTE –IUL, PORTUGAL Angelika Kedzierska-Szczepaniak Faculty of Management, University of Gdańsk, POLAND Anna Dziadkiewicz Faculty of Management, University of Gdańsk, POLAND Arminda do Paço University of Beira Interior, PORTUGAL Carla Marques University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, PORTUGAL Carlos Peixeira University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, PORTUGAL Carmem Leal University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, PORTUGAL Clementina Galera University of Extremadura, SPAIN Cristina Parente University of Porto, PORTUGAL Dolores Amalia Gallardo Vazquez University of Extremadura, SPAIN Eduardo Simões Business Research Unit, ISCTE –IUL, PORTUGAL Fernanda Leão School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL


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Gilberto Santos Polytechnic Institute Cávado Ave, PORTUGAL Gracia Navarro University of Concepción, CHILE Helena Alves University of Beira Interior, PORTUGAL Helena Gonçalves Catholic University of Portugal, PORTUGAL Inês Veiga Pereira Porto Accounting and Business School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL Isabel Baptista Catholic University of Portugal, PORTUGAL Joanna Nieżurawska – Zając Faculty of Finance and Management, WSB University in Toruń, POLAND João Proença European University – Laureate International University, PORTUGAL José António Oliveira School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL José Gonçalves das Neves Business Research Unit, ISCTE –IUL, PORTUGAL José Luís Miralles-Quirós University of Extremadura, SPAIN José Luis Vásquez University of Léon, SPAIN Juanjo Martí University of València, SPAIN Krzysztof Szczepaniak Faculty of Management, University of Gdańsk, POLAND Lígia Pinto University of Minho, PORTUGAL Luís Fonseca School of engineering, CIDEM, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL M. del Mar Miralles-Quirós University of Extremadura, SPAIN 4th Symposium on Ethics and Social Responsibility Research 2017

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Malgorzata Cyganska Faculty of Economics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, POLAND Manuel Castelo Branco University of Porto, PORTUGAL María del Carmen Rodriguez de Ramirez University of Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA Maria Eduarda Fernandes Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, PORTUGAL Maria Isabel Sánchez Hernadéz University of Extremadura, SPAIN Maria Mercedes Galan Ladero University of Extremadura, SPAIN María Purificación García University of Léon, SPAIN Maria Jesus Barroso Mendez University of Léon, SPAIN Maria Teresa Nevado Gil University of Léon, SPAIN Marisa Roriz Ferreira School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL Marta Rey-Garcia University of Coruña, SPAIN Mary O’Shaugnessy University College Cork, IRELAND Maurice Murphy Cork Institute of Technology, IRELAND Nelson Duarte School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL Oscar Licandro Catholic University of Uruguay, URUGUAY Paulo Mourão University of Minho, PORTUGAL Robert Hugh Gray University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK 4th Symposium on Ethics and Social Responsibility Research 2017

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Rute Abreu Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, PORTUGAL Teresa Barros School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL Teresa Eugénio Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, PORTUGAL Teresa Proença University of Porto, PORTUGAL Tomasz Dryl Faculty of Management, University of Gdańsk, POLAND Vanda Lima School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL Vanessa Ratten La Trobe University, AUSTRALIA Victor Valero-Amaro University of Extremadura, SPAIN Vítor Braga School of Management and Technology, CIICESI – Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PORTUGAL Vítor Hugo Silva Centre for Psychological Research and Social Intervention, ISCTE –IUL, PORTUGAL Wioleta Dryl Faculty of Management, University of Gdańsk, POLAND Zahira Moreno University of Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, VENEZUELA


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8 june 4th Symposium on Ethics and Social Responsibility Research 2017

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Keynote Speaker Marta Rey-Garcia

. Master of Business Administration (MBA), Columbia Business School, Columbia University, NY. . Ph.D., Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain, 1995 (Social Communication History). . B.A., Economics, Universidad Complutense, Madrid. Spain, 1993 (International Economics and Development). . B.A., Communication Studies, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain, 1991. . Associate Professor in the Marketing Area, Economic Analysis & Business Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of A Coruña (UDC).

She has been teaching full-time at the UDC since 2009, in both graduate (Master degrees) and undergraduate (BA in Business) programs in management. Since 2011 she has been the director of the Inditex Chair of Social Responsibility at the University of A Coruña and of its Postgraduate Course on Social Responsibility and Innovation. She has been visiting faculty at the International MBA Program of Madrid’s Instituto de Empresa. Her research interests focus on the governance and management of civil society and nonprofit organizations, philanthropy, corporate social responsibility, social innovation and nonprofit marketing. She has participated in several national and EU-funded research projects on those issues (in some of them as the principal investigator): Social Innovation and Civic Engagement (ITSSOIN), European Commission, 7th Framework Programme (2014-2017); European Foundations for Research and Innovation (EUFORI), European Commission, 7th Framework Programme (2012-2014); Instituto de Análisis Estratégico de Fundaciones (INAEF), Asociación Española de Fundaciones (2009-2011). She has been USIA visiting scholar at the American University in Washington, D.C., and research fellow of the Salzburg Seminar-Fulbright program, the Harvard Kennedy School, the Real Colegio Complutense at Harvard University, and Suffolk University in Boston. She currently serves in the advisory boards of Fundacion Rafael del Pino and the Spanish Association of Foundations, and is advisor of the Foundation of the University of Oviedo (FUO). She also belongs to the board of the European Research Network on Philanthropy (ERNOP). She has served in the advisory board of the Compromiso y Transparencia Foundation and its magazine Compromiso Empresarial. She has been invited to evaluate research proposals, as independent expert, by the European Commission, DG Research & Innovation, Seventh Framework Programme, and the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), UK.


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Keynote Speaker Pascal Paillé

. Directeur des programmes de M. Sc. recherche et de doctorat . Directeur du Groupe de recherche en gestion des ressources humaines et développement durable . Directeur de collection aux Presses de l’Université Laval (ressources humaines, comportement au travail et innovations sociales) . Rédacteur en chef, International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment . Professeur titulaire

Département de management – Université LAVAL (Québec – CANADA) Champs d’intérêt et recherche . Psychologie organisationnelle . Gestion des ressources humaines . Fidélisation des ressources humaines . Responsabilité sociale des entreprises . Psychologie environnementale . Engagement des employés, citoyenneté organisationnelle, absentéisme, démission Formation . HDR en psychologie organisationnelle, Université Montpellier 3 (2013) . Doctorat en sciences de gestion, Université de Toulouse (1997) . Diplôme de l’École supérieure des sciences commerciales d’Angers (1993) Prix et distinctions . Médaille de la recherche (2015) . Prix Hermès d’excellence en recherche (2014) . Médaille de la recherche (2014) . Médaille de la recherche (2013) . Médaille de la recherche (2012)


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Parallel sessions 1 A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRISES: THE INFLUENCE OF VALUES ON ENTREPRENEURING MODELS AND IDENTITY ORIENTATION CHOICES Daniela Guerra UCP - Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics [email protected] This paper proposes a conceptual framework for research on social enterprises. Drawing on social enterprises, organizational identity orientation and values literature, we develop a typology by combining two different theoretical levels: (i) social entrepreneuring models, and (ii) organizational identity orientations. We conclude that are four types of values combinations between these two perspectives: i) dominant matching values; ii) dominant/ non-dominant matching values; iii) non-dominant matching values; and iv) mismatching values. This study contributes to the literature on social enterprises and organizational identity orientation, by enhancing our understanding on how social entrepreneuring models interplays with organizational identity orientations, discussing the match of their underlying values and the implications on performing tensions. Keywords: Social enterprises, Organizational Identity Orientation, Entrepreneuring Models, Performing Tensions


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Parallel sessions 1 AIDA BOOKS&MORE: A PROJECT BEYOND READING Elisa Baraibar-Diez University of Cantabria [email protected] María D. Odriozola University of Cantabria [email protected] José Luis Fernández Sánchez University of Cantabria [email protected] Cutbacks in official development assistance (ODA) have forced many NGOs to diversify their sources of funding to continue (and also expand) their projects in destination countries. AIDA is a Non-Governmental Organization for Development Cooperation working in Morocco, Guinea Bissau, Senegal, Lebanon and Bangladesh. In search for new sources of funding, AIDA Books&More was born in 2009 in Segovia (Spain). It was the first charity bookshop in Spain and eight years later, 220 volunteers are involved in a project that has an online store and 9 outlets (Segovia, 2 shops in Madrid, 2 shops in Valencia, Castellón, Barcelona, Santander, and Vigo). This project began as a complement to the financing of other cooperation projects but since 2009 it has been materialized in a stable funding source, which will allow the organization to launch other types of projects during 2017. Keywords: NGOs, charity bookshops, accountability, cooperation projects


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Parallel sessions 1 Innovation in Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) Andreia Ferreira CIICESI – Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG – School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO – Polytechnic of Porto [email protected] Alexandra Braga CIICESI – Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG – School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO – Polytechnic of Porto CETRAD – Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies, UTAD – University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [email protected] Aldina Correia CIICESI – Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG – School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO – Polytechnic of Porto [email protected] Ana Lopes CIICESI – Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG – School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO – Polytechnic of Porto [email protected] Considering the economic and demographic changes in society, organizations are facing new challenges. The constant and profound changes are forcing organizations to define sustainability and development strategies. Innovation is considered the key factor for organizations to achieve levels of excellence and competitive advantage over its competitors, crucial to the success and survival of the same. There are numerous definitions of social innovation, there is little consensus and a lot to discuss on this emerging field. Although innovation in Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) is not a new phenomenon, and the importance of representing these organizations, social innovation has not always had the necessary academic attention (Fagerberg, 2003). However, during the last decade, social innovation has emerged as an excellent subject of study for academics, companies and institutions (Sanzo-Perez, Alvarez-Gonzalez, & Rey-García, 2015). Thus, while innovation is considered a success factor in any organization, the form of the measure in organizations, particularly in non-profit organizations (NPOs - nonprofit organizations) is not definitely set (Hu, 2012). Regarding the third sector, it plays a very important role in society, responding to the social needs inherent to governments for what has been attracting the attention of policy makers, academicals and professionals. The current economic situation, presume an adaptation of NPIs to the shortage of funding sources and scarce resources, these organizations should adjust and respond to the expectations of stakeholders (Hu, 2012). Portugal is no exception, and as such, it is crucial to know the reality of Portuguese NPOs, specifically of Mercies, and how social innovation is being used as a success factor. This study aims to define the factors that influence innovation in Portuguese Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs), particularly in Mercies. As a result, it is intended specifically to contribute to a comprehensive evaluation system of innovation in organizations that are part of the sample, developing or adapting a reliable and valid scale to measure innovation in all without Portuguese-for-profit organizations, which will enable the institutions to assess their own innovation, compared to other institutions, and on the other hand, find flaws in the processes that lead to innovation. To this end, it is intended to make the data collection for further processing via multivariate statistical tools, using factor analysis, to validate and / or adapt existing innovation measurement scales. It is also intended to use the analysis of clusters with a view to classification of reporting institutions. Keywords: Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs)


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Parallel sessions 1 The DARK SIDE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP Raju Ranjan Kumar Paswan PhD Student, Faculdade de Economia, da Universidade do Porto, Portugal [email protected] Teresa Proença Professor, Faculdade de Economia, da Universidade do Porto, Portugal tproenç[email protected] Carlos Cabral Cardoso Professor, Faculdade de Economia, da Universidade do Porto, Portugal [email protected] Social entrepreneurship is very emerging topic in the entrepreneurship and social business literature. The concept and social entrepreneurs are praised by several literature and institution. This paper has critically analysed the meaning of social entrepreneurship and also taken for granted heroic concept of social entrepreneurs. A phenomenological study that includes in-depth interview with 14 social entrepreneurs from portugal has been carried out to understand the ethical issues encounter by social entrepreneurs. The paper has explored the dark side of social entrepreneurship. Paper argue that social entrepreneurs like any other business entrepreneurs are not immune to ethical transgression. Author has explored several themes where social entrepreneurs faces ethical challenges and avoid of these issues can save them from falling into dark side. Keywords: Dark side, Social Entrepreneurship, Ethics


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Parallel sessions 2 RESPONSIBLE LEADERSHIP RESEARCH: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW Tânia Marques School of Technology and Management CIGS – Management for Sustainability Research Center Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal [email protected] Nuno Reis School of Technology and Management globADVANTAGE – Center of Research in International Business & Strategy Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal [email protected] Jorge Gomes ISEG/Advance/University of Lisbon [email protected] Leadership has been studied for centuries and several approaches have been studied accompanying the changes in the society and in the world business. Responsible leadership is a recent stream of research which has gained traction. Despite being a recent research topic, literature on responsible leadership has several studies and thus, a more concise and structured state of art is needed. Using a sample of 64 articles published in SSCI-indexed journals over 10 years (2006-2016), we perform a bibliometric analysis to understand the intellectual structure of responsible leadership literature. The results of authorship analysis, citation analysis and a co-citation analysis reveal T. Maak as the most prolific author, operating also together with teams of researchers and identifies the Journal of Business Ethics as the journal with the highest number of publications. Keywords: Bibliometric review, citation and co-citation analysis, responsible leadership


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Parallel sessions 2 CSR AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT – EXPLORING THE RELATIONS Maria Leonor Pires SACEC/ESTSetúbal, IPS [email protected] Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resource management (HRM) have been somewhat at a distance, with company focus on social responsibility in relation to customers and the environment (Winstanley and Woodall, 2000). In the past 20 years the HRM field has been dominated by the theoretical discussion and empirical work around high performance HRM practices and its relations with organizational performance. The topic of ethics has remained, not ignored, but on the margins of this discussion. Still, as Greenwood (2013) states the very notion of managing people as resources raises ethical questions. Our review of the literature brings evidence of the existence of common interests, and relations that are seldom acknowledged. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, human resource management, ethics


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Parallel sessions 2 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MUNICIPAL COMPANIES Fernanda S. Pereira Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Rua Pedro Soares, Beja [email protected] One of the goals of this research is to obtain a reliable picture of this sector of the National Economy in what regards Social Responsibility, Social Reporting, and Integrated Reporting, dated 2016. Secondly, following the first objective, we intend to create the basis for comparisons and to analyze the current state of play in the light of previous studies carried out by several researchers. The size of the local business sector is large enough (219 companies in 2016) to justify a working paper and research about this subject. The sectors of activity involved represent a range of very different sectors (17 Classifications). This paper is a part of research which will be developed by the researchers and supported on previous work. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, local companies, public sector, finance corporate performance


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Parallel sessions 2 A SUSTAINABILITY SCORECARD FOR THE FAST-FASHION INDUSTRY Sofia Garcia-Torres PhD Researcher, Deusto Business School, University of Deusto, Spain [email protected] Marta Rey-Garcia Associate Professor of Marketing, University of A Coruña, Spain [email protected] Laura Albareda Vivo Assistant Professor of Strategy, Deusto Business School, University of Deusto, Spain Visiting Professor, School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, LUT, Finland [email protected] In the context of fast-fashion industry, the objective of this work is to propose a ‘Sustainability Scorecard’ as an attempt to leverage sustainability reporting help solve the challenges in fast-fashion supply chains and help move into action. The sustainability reporting of the two largest fast-fashion companies are analyzed by means of content analysis, following three sequential steps. First, content analysis is applied over their materiality matrixes. Second, sustainability actions on the sustainability reports are categorized. Finally, a Sustainability Scorecard is proposed as a common agenda for sustainability in fast-fashion industry. Results show that fast-fashion reporting is broadly developed regarding analysis, but lacks orientation towards action. Collaboration is already a remarkable feature of current fast-fashion industry, which should be leveraged to transform intentions into reality. This study takes a 180º change approach, focusing on the exploration of actions related to sustainability challenges, rather than the other way around. Keywords: Collaboration, Fashion Industry, Sustainability Reporting, Sustainable Supply Chain Management


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Parallel sessions 2 CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY IN THE FAST FASHION INDUSTRY: HOW MEDIA PRESSURE AFFECTED CORPORATE DISCLOSURE AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF RANA PLAZA Elise Auke ISCTE-IUL – University Institute of Lisbon [email protected] Ana Simaens ISCTE-IUL – University Institute of Lisbon [email protected] The concept behind fast fashion is quickly produced, low priced and short lived fashion items and is for many the quite opposite of sustainability. The collapse of Rana Plaza production factory in 2013 has created more focus on CSR related issues within the fast fashion industry and has raised important questions about whether it can be sustainable altogether. This research aims to explore the reasons why companies themselves get involved in CSR initiatives and whether global news media attention has an effect on a company’s CSR disclosure and initiatives. The research aims to investigate factors that motivate companies to take and disclose CSR initiatives. In doing so, it explores whether the global news media is able to influence the decision making and whether the pressure is visible in the CSR disclosure. The research explores the relation between global retail companies CSR disclosures and the news media pressure in the wake of the collapse. The study draws upon legitimacy theory and media agenda setting theory to explore the link between CSR disclosure and news coverage. The result of the research and data analysis shows that the disclosures varied depending on the company’s CSR profile. The media coverage was different depending on the company’s CSR initiatives and pro-activity in relation to the collapse. Keywords: Corporate disclosure, Corporate social responsibility, Media pressure, Rana Plaza


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POSTERS sessions Social responsibility as a new conceptual framework of design management Anna Dziadkiewicz, PhD Marketing Department, Faculty of Management, University of Gdańsk, Poland [email protected] The culture of mass production and consumption better known as the culture of excess has impelled the consumers to reduce all things they purchase. Recycling, saving and green design may not only be regarded as individual activities but the holistic way to proceed, aiming at a radical change of non-ecological customers’ behaviour. Design management is one of the modern approaches to solve socially responsible solutions that have increased noticeably in recent years. One of its tools – sustainable design - already used in product and service management, takes into account not only economic, but also social, environmental and cultural aspects to create more socially responsible solutions. It moves beyond traditional design practices and theories, being a potential for a promotion of sustainable solutions in a more focused manner. Therefore design creativity and sustainability should collaborate together. The article is devoted to a deeper understanding of sustainable design meaning and its characteristics for promoting ethically responsible solutions. It also identifies the factors of sustainability in design management process, focuses on a systematic approach to the instructional framework to incorporate aspects of sustainable design and makes an effort to explain how different organisations try be more ethical and sustainable in today’s polluted world. The imperative aim of this paper is also to provide the examples of sustainable design implementation from various angles to inspire entrepreneurs, designers and customers in acting according to sustainability principles. Keywords: sustainability, sustainable design, design management


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POSTERS sessions The role of Corporate Social Responsibility in shaping consumers’ trust in the brand of organization Tomasz Dryl University of Gdańsk Faculty of Management [email protected] CSR is a voluntary market behavior. The main assumption of this concept is that, the company takes into account social issues in its activities. Stakeholders of the organization, including customers, appreciate ethical and social activities of companies. It is particularly important for a company to act ethically, even when it is not the subject to external controls. It is a matter of trust in the organization. In business practice, trust is a key value of the brand and the enterprise itself. Gaining the trust of stakeholders requires organizational effort and financial resources, and also the basics of ethical principles. Business ethics is an element of trust-based management, which translates into the organization’s CSR policy. Trust has become an important, even crucial element in effective CSR policy. The purpose of this article is to present the results of research on trust in the organization’s brand as an effect of CSR policy. Keywords: Trust, CSR, Ethics, Brand trust


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POSTERS sessions STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AS A PART OF CSR POLICY Tomasz Dryl Faculty of Management University of Gdańsk Wioleta Dryl Faculty of Management University of Gdańsk Anna Dziadkiewicz Faculty of Management University of Gdańsk Organizations implementing CSR policies should clearly identify who they are accountable to. This is a fundamental question for which stakeholders are the natural answer that managers typically point to. Correct identification of stakeholders is therefore crucial for the proper determination of the CSR policy of every organization. One can even agree with the statement that CSR management is stakeholder management. The article aims to present the results of stakeholder study as an important part of the organization’s CSR policy. Based on a review of the literature and analysis of the study results, an authoritative model of multidimensional stakeholder analysis was presented. This is a very useful element in shaping the organization’s CSR policy. Keywords: Stakeholder


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POSTERS sessions The municipality of Guimarães as a mediator/promoter of corporate volunteering Nuno Oliveira Master’s student in Integrated Management of Quality, Environment and Safety School of Technology and Management /P.PORTO (ESTG of P.PORTO /CIICESI) [email protected] Marisa Ferreira Professor at the School of Technology and Management /P.PORTO (ESTG of P.PORTO /CIICESI) [email protected] This research is based on a need detected in the Guimarães local bank of volunteer (LBV): there is no regular cooperation between the LBV and local companies that would be effective with concrete and concerted actions of corporate volunteering. The municipality is now developing, among others, two social programs: “65+”, related to the loneliness and support of the oldest citizens; and “Guimarães Acolhe” that consists in an action plan for the reception of people in need of international protection (refugees). With this both programs for a start, our main goal is to stablish a partnership between the municipality and the local companies that allows them to be effective members of the LBV. Through this objective we will be able to increase corporate social responsibility (CSR), making it part of corporation’s organizational culture, and develop corporate volunteering. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, corporate volunteering, social network, municipalities


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Parallel sessions 3 SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT IN THE PORTUGUESE STOCK MARKET María del Mar Miralles-Quirós University of Extremadura (Spain) [email protected] José Luis Miralles-Quirós University of Extremadura (Spain) [email protected] Irene Guia Arraiano Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon (Portugal) [email protected] Tereza da Guia Arraiano Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon (Portugal) [email protected] Socially Responsible Investment has grown enormously and the publication of reports has increased in developed economies in recent years. The fact that this type of reporting is on a voluntary basis in a number of countries raises questions about whether stock markets investors would take these reports into consideration. This study attempts to address this question, drawing on a sample of firms listed on the Portuguese stock market over the 2005-2015 period. To that end, we construct a portfolio selecting the socially responsible firms rated by Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) annual reports and consider the market portfolio as a benchmark. We analyse the risk-adjusted returns and systematic risk sensibilities of these firms applying the classical market model. For robustness, a spanning test is realized. Our results support that the investment in socially responsible firms in the Portuguese stock market leads to higher returns assuming less systematic risk. These results are important for investors as well as academics. Keywords: Performance, Risk, Socially Responsible Firms, Spanning Tests


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Parallel sessions 3 THE VALUE RELEVANCE OF ESG PERFORMANCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR María del Mar Miralles-Quirós University of Extremadura [email protected] José Luis Miralles-Quirós University of Extremadura [email protected] Irene Guia Arraiano Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon [email protected] Sustainable development is nowadays a higher priority for governments all over the world. Consequently, companies have increased their social responsibility practices reinforcing the credibility and trust of their stakeholders. However, prior research about the value relevance of sustainable practices in financial institutions is scarce. In this context, the aim of our research is to examine whether environmental, social and corporate governance performance of listed banks provide relevant information and an incremental value to shareholders in the stock markets of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the US during the 2008-2015 period. We take into account the cultural and legislative differences that exist among them. Our overall results support the belief that conducting bank institutions in accordance with ethical norms is value relevant. However, our results also reveal that there is no homogeneity among markets. These findings could have several implications for internal and external stakeholders such as managers, shareholders and policymakers. Keywords: Sustainable development, ESG performance, banking sector, market valuation


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Parallel sessions 3 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE PRACTICES OF PORTUGUESE LISTED COMPANIES António Carlos Gomes Dias UTAD – Universidade de Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro CETRAD – Centro de Estudos Transdisciplinares para o Desenvolvimento [email protected] The paper analyses Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures practices of Portuguese listed companies before, and during, the Global Financial Crisis. We extend the limited volume of international literature on the interaction between financial crisis and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and enhance current empirical knowledge by exploring how the level of report differs in times of crisis. Researchers who have analyzed how Corporate Social Responsibility is influenced by financial and economic crisis have reported mixed results. Some have found that the lack of real engagement with Corporate Social Responsibility is a cause of economic and financial crisis whereas others have reported that Corporate Social Responsibility is a useful management tool to address the consequences of financial crisis. The present study explores two related research questions. First, how Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures practices evolved in Portuguese listed companies? Second, did the global financial crisis affect Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures, and if so, how? We find that Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures decreased only slightly during the period of financial crisis. This was because companies tended to disclose more information about their community engagement obligations and corruption. We also find that companies near to consumers had substantially higher Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures than companies with a low level of consumer proximity. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, Global Financial Crisis, Portuguese Listed Companies


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Parallel sessions 3 Impression management and CEO letters: evidence from the Portuguese banking sector Stéphanie Fernandes Pinheiro Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Graça Maria do Carmo Azevedo Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Jonas Oliveira Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal Sofia Alves Instituto Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal This study assesses the influence of performance in the adoption of impression management strategies in the CEO letters of the Portuguese financial companies. It also evaluates the impact of financial crisis on impression management strategies. The goal is to verify whether or not there is indeed an impact on the handling of the information contained in the 128 letters included in the management report, in order to manipulate the stakeholders’ perception on the level of organizational performance. To this end, and using the content analysis of the CEO letters included in the individual annual reports of 27 financial institutions in the years 2006 to 2012 we concluded that even throughout the a financial crisis period, Portuguese finance companies do not tend to adopt more impression management strategies. , However, we have seen that in some years there existed some evidence of IM. Keywords: Chairman’s statement, performance, impression management, social psychology, financial reporting


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Parallel sessions 3 Institutional and Economic Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure by Banks: Institutional Perspectives Jonas Oliveira Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal Graça Azevedo Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Maria José Pires Carvalho da Silva Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal This article analyzes the determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure by banks. Drawn on the New Institutional Sociology, it combines Campbell’s (2007) institutional theory with Dillard’s et al. (2004) model of organizational dynamic change. Specifically, the present article assesses if economic and institutional conditions explain CSR disclosure strategies of thirty listed and unlisted banks from six countries in the context of the recent 2007/2008 Global Financial Crisis. The annual reports and social responsibility reports of the largest banks in Canada, UK, France, Italy, Spain and Portugal were content analyzed. Findings suggest that economic factors did not influence CSR disclosure. Institutional factors associated with the legal environment, industry self-regulation, and the organization’s commitments in maintaining a dialogue with relevant stakeholders are crucial elements in explaining CSR reporting. Consistent with the Dillard’s et al. (2004) model, CSR disclosure by banks not only stem from institutional legitimacy processes, but also from strategic ones. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure; Financial Crisis; Institutional theory; Banking industry


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Parallel sessions 4 HELPING OTHERS BY HELPING YOURSELF? A PERSPECTIVE ABOUT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, SERVICE QUALITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL REPUTATION Bruno Pereira Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL) [email protected] Ana Patrícia Duarte Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL) Centro de Investigação e Intervenção social (CIS-IUL) [email protected] José Gonçalves das Neves Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL) [email protected] Building service quality around an organization requires a strong reputation, which in turn, makes it almost essential to look at the constant pressures, by customers, employees and other stakeholders, to the organization’s strategy management focused in corporate social responsibility. Defined by conducting a transparent business and contributing to the sustainable development in three different dimensions, social, economic and environmental. This investigation seeks to increase existing knowledge by analyzing the relationship between corporate social responsibility perceptions and service quality perceptions, based on a model where organizational reputation acts as the link in between. The proposed model was tested by applying an online survey to a sample of 206 customers and 105 employees of a service company. Our main results revealed the existence of significant effects that allowed us to conclude that, in general, corporate social responsibility perceptions are positively related to service quality perceptions, linked by the mediating effect of organizational reputation. Although this study embraces an exploratory analysis, these results are consistent with the main predictions found in the relevant literature. We found that a positive perception of a company’s corporate social performance is associated with a higher organizational reputation, which in turn has a positive relationship with service quality. Keywords: Service quality, corporate social responsibility, organizational reputation, stakeholders


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Parallel sessions 4 THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON JOB PURSUIT INTENTIONS: CONTRIBUTES FROM PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT AND ORGANIZATIONAL ATTRACTIVENESS Ana Patrícia Duarte Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL) [email protected] Vitor Hugo Silva Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL) [email protected] Eduardo Simões Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) [email protected] José Gonçalves das Neves Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) [email protected] Previous studies suggest that the corporate social performance of organizations influences their attractiveness as a future workplace (e.g. Gomes & Neves, 2010; Greening & Turban, 2000). People tend to considerer an organization as more attractive when, knowing its socially responsible practices, they perceive higher levels of person-organization fit (Kim & Park, 2011). The present study analyzes how the relation between these variables translates into job pursuit intentions, namely intention to apply for a job vacancy (IAJV). In the research, CSR perception was manipulated in order to observe its effect on IAJV through the mediating effect of perceived person-organization fit and organizational attractiveness. Participants (n = 260) were randomly subjected to two experimental conditions by responding to an electronic questionnaire containing the description of an organization that implements (i.e., the high involvement condition) or not (i.e., the low involvement condition) a set of CSR practices. This was followed by questions about other variables of interest. The results of multiple mediation analyses using PROCESS (Hayes, 2013) support the proposal that CSR indirectly affects participants’ IAJV, through perceived person-organization fit and organizational attractiveness. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, job pursuit intentions, intention to apply for a job vacancy, person-organization fit, organizational attractiveness


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Parallel sessions 4 SUSTAINABLE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY IN ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING IN PORTUGAL Manuela Faia Correia Faculdade de Ciências da Economia e da Empresa Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa [email protected] Teresa Pereira Esteves Instituto Superior de Gestão Bancária [email protected] The study aims to contribute to the knowledge about the sustainable human resource management in companies from diverse sectors of the Portuguese economy. The sustainable human resource management is understood as a potential new paradigm for the management of people in companies, high lightening the changes that sustainability presupposes in the positioning and scope of the human resources function. We further present the results from an empirical study carried out with HR managers’ companies operating in Portugal in order to ascertain the relevance that sustainability has in the practices of management, what role the HR function plays within the scope of the sustainability strategy and how the activities and practices of management are influenced and influence sustainable management in companies. Keywords: Portuguese companies, sustainable human resource management, strategic human resource management, sustainability


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Parallel sessions 4 EMPLOYER ATTRACTIVENESS: The value of environmental practices of organizations Maria Margarida Fernandes Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal [email protected] Alzira Duarte Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal [email protected] Graça Trindade Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal [email protected] In today’s world, there is a great sense of urgency for companies to implement environmentally responsible practices. Natural resources decrease every day at a worrying speed and we may be facing an irreversible scenario where the sustainability of the natural resources essential to life are hopelessly compromised (Unit-ed Nations, 2002). In order to accelerate the incorporation of environmental practices it is necessary that organizations perceive environmental practices as an asset to the business. This research focuses on the relationships between organizational dimensions, such as environmental practices and attractiveness factors of organizations as employers as well as the effects that individual dimensions have in the relationship between the organizational dimensions. The results from this study show that (1) one of the dimensions of attractiveness considered by workers is the “Environmental Value”, meaning that an organization having a good reputation for environmental responsibility, assuming a pro-environmental position and promoting and enhancing environmental programs is regarded as relevant and contributes positively to the evaluation of the organizations’ Employer Branding, (2) there is a positive relationship between the environmental practices of organizations and their attractiveness, and (3) environmental awareness and environmental behaviour in the workplace moderate the relationship between the organizational dimensions. Keywords: Environment sustainability, Employer Branding, Environmental conscience, Environmental behaviours in the organizational context


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Parallel sessions 4 THE IMPACT OF CSR PERCEPTIONS ON WORKERS INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR: EXPLORING SOCIAL EXCHANGE PROCESS AND THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED EXTERNAL PRESTIGE Pedro Gaudêncio Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra Instituto Politécnico de Leiria – Centro de Investigação em Gestão e Sustentabilidade [email protected] Arnaldo Coelho Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra [email protected] Neuza Ribeiro Instituto Politécnico de Leiria - Centro de Investigação em Gestão e Sustentabilidade [email protected] The study aims to show how organizational Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can influence workers’ attitudes, especially in terms of Innovative Behavior (IB). A second aim is to explore the social exchange process that may underlie this relationship, by examining the mediating role of Organizational Trust (OT), Affective Commitment (AC) and Happiness (HAP) and the moderation role of Perceived External Prestige (PEP). The authors employ structural equation modelling based on survey data obtained from 315 Portuguese individuals. The findings show that perceptions of CSR predict IB through a social exchange process where takes part the mediating role of OT, AC and HAP and the moderating process of Perceived External Prestige (PEP). They suggest that managers should implement CSR practices because these can contribute towards fostering IB, but also invest in communication and in the process of upgrade corporate image. This study enriches the existing knowledge about social exchange relationships in organizational contexts, and responds to the need to understand underlying mechanisms linking CSR with workers’ organizational outcomes, by analysing CSR practices in a holistic stakeholder perspective. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, affective commitment, happiness, perceived external prestige, social exchange, trust


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Parallel sessions 5 DO HUMBLE AND GRITTY LEADERS PROMOTE FOLLOWERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL? Arménio Rego Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Business Research Unit (Portugal) [email protected] Ana Ventura Universidade de Aveiro [email protected] Andreia Vitória Universidade de Aveiro [email protected] Susana Leal Instituto Politécnico de Santarém Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida [email protected] Humility in leaders is crucial for their effectiveness (e.g., Ou et al., in press; Owens & Hekman, 2016; Owens et al., 2015; Vera & Rodriguez-Lopez, 2004). Epstein and Buhovac (2008) argued that a leader must demonstrate a combination of humility and ambition in the pursuit of social and environmental goals. Other authors have suggested that humility, a dimension of servant leadership (van Dierendonck & Nuijten, 2011), is a potential predictor of corporate sustainability (Christensen et al., 2014). A possible explanation for these effects is that humble leaders develop the followers’ psychological capital (PsyCap: self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism). In two studies, we test if humility in leaders predicts follower PsyCap (study #1), and how this relationship is moderated by their grit (Duckworth et al., 2007; studies #1 and #2). The first study, with an experimental design (experimental group: n=136; control group: n=129), shows that individuals assigned to the experimental condition (humble leader) report higher PsyCap than those assigned to the control condition (transactional leader). In the second study, 101 individuals described the humility and grit of their leaders one week before describing their own PsyCap. The findings show that individuals working with humble leaders develop higher PsyCap, this relationship being stronger when leaders are also gritty (i.e., the follower PsyCap is particularly high when leaders are simultaneously humble and gritty). The research contributes to the understanding of (a) the effect of leaders’ humility on followers and (b) the conditions that strengthen/mitigate this effect. Keywords: leadership; humility; grit; psychological capital


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Parallel sessions 5 Luxury business and Corporate Social Responsibility – contradiction or common voice? Wioleta Dryl Faculty of Management University of Gdańsk [email protected] More and more consumers are becoming aware of the social and ethical implications of the products they buy. Their purchasing behaviors change under the influence of this trend. Corporate social responsibility is becoming increasingly important in the mass market. The luxury business is the niche in this context. The market of luxury goods has been controversial for centuries. Consumption of luxury goods in itself is often considered to be unethical, unreasonable, is presented in a very negative light. Given these realities, social responsibility should be particularly important for manufacturers of luxury goods, in a very broad sense. The aim of this article is to assess whether and to what extent CSR activities are desirable in the luxury market, both from the consumers and other stakeholders’ perspective. For the full explanation and understanding of this issue, the identification of luxury brand values, important from the perspective of consumers has been conducted. On this basis, the author of the paper identified the areas in which the socially responsible actions can have a positive impact on the perception of brand value, as well as those that do not apply, and indeed are contrary to these values. The paper reviews the literature, analyzes the scope of research conducted in this area and examples of socially responsible luxury brands. Keywords: luxury, CSR, marketing of luxury goods, ethics in luxury business


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Parallel sessions 5 THE ROLE OF CSR IN THE CREATION OF FIRMS’ NETWORKS A Multi-case study in Portugal and Brazil Carla Marques UTAD - Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro CETRAD [email protected] Vítor Braga Polytecnic of Porto – School of Management and Technology CIICESI CETRAD [email protected] João Ferreira University of Beira Interior NECE [email protected] This research has sought to contribute to the understanding of the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the creation of firms’ networks, taking into account the cultural context in which they are embedded. In light with this aim, a multi-case study was used, allowing to compare two firms operating within the same industry in two different countries with significantly different economic development levels. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews to 41 managers, where content analysis techniques were employed. The results suggest that these firms have CSR practices in place, taking into account the opportunities and challenges that the legal and socio-economic contexts offer, and that there is a significant impact on the development of firms networks, which is clearer in Portugal, given the specific context. Keywords: CSR, Networks, Portugal, Brazil


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Parallel sessions 5 SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP EXPERTS’ PERCEPTIONS Aldina Correia CIICESI – Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG – School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO – Polytechnic of Porto [email protected] Alexandra Braga CIICESI – Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG – School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO – Polytechnic of Porto CETRAD – Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies, UTAD – University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [email protected] Vítor Braga CIICESI – Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG – School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO – Polytechnic of Porto CETRAD – Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies, UTAD – University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [email protected] Ana Teixeira CIICESI – Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG – School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO – Polytechnic of Porto [email protected] Alice Teixeira IPCA – Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave [email protected] Ana Florindo IPCA – Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave [email protected] The Social Entrepreneurship is related with activities of entrepreneurs associated with social, cul-tural or environmental issues. This concept is not new but, according with Van Stel (2014) has only attracted attention from governments and academia since the 1990s. Having into account Terjesen (2012), social activities manifest themselves in different ways - from a pure non-profit model to organizations that marry philanthropy with business models. These authors consider social entrepreneurship as an important vehicle for betterment, but still a rare phenomenon, especially when compared to more traditional entrepreneurial activity levels. The level of economic development of each country is not the only reason for the existence of differences in social entrepreneurship activities, other reasons like regional variations in geographic, social and institutional backgrounds can be considered. Because of that, in 2009, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) was included in their surveys this concept. GEM is a large-scale database for internationally comparative entrepreneurship, which includes information about many aspects of entrepreneurship activities, perceptions, conditions, national and regional policy, among others, of many countries. This project has two main sources of primary data: The Adult Population Survey (APS) and the National Expert Survey (NES) (Correia, 2016). The concept of social entrepreneurial activity (SEA) is not well defined. In the GEM report, SEA is defined as: “any kind of activity, organisation or initiative that has a particularly social, environmental or community objective”. This could include, amongst others: providing services or training to socially deprived or disabled persons, activities aimed at reducing pollution or food-waste and organising self-help groups for community action (Bosma, 2016). To know who is a social entrepreneur, in Terjesen (2012), the author analysed characteristics such as gender, age and education. In 2009, GEM offered some refined insights as to how social entrepreneurship manifests itself differently across countries, including questions related with the idea in APS and NES, to understand the reasons for some countries have more social entrepreneurs than others and to contribute to a better understanding of the important phenomenon of social entrepreneurship. 4th Symposium on Ethics and Social Responsibility Research 2017

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For NES at least 36 experts in each participating country are asked about their opinions about nine topics which are believed to have an impact on a nation’s entrepreneurial activity. In this way, the start-up environments in the participating countries can be compared on basis of these nine so-called “entrepreneurial framework conditions” (EFCs). The nine categories are financing, education and training, R&D transfer, commercial and physical infrastructure, internal market openness, cultural and social norms, intellectual property rights, women entrepreneurship and high growth businesses support (Van Stel, 2014). In this work, the 2009 NES Global Individual Level Data from GEM is used to study the Social Entrepreneurship Experts’ Perceptions. They are the first results from a special section of the GEM 2009 that examined the prevalence and nature of entrepreneurship with a social purpose. This is the first time that such an exercise has ever been attempted across so many countries, (Bosma, 2010). The prevalence of early-stage social entrepreneurship activity (SEA), the social equivalent of TEA (early-stage entrepreneurial activity), within the three economic development level peer groups is also calculated from the first time. The average SEA rate across all 49 GEM countries analised is 1.8%, but it ranges from 0.1% to 4.3%, (Bosma, 2010). The same authors afirmed that, while the range of SEA is similar for all three economic development stages, the average SEA rate increases slightly with economic development. In conclusion, the author assert the extent of social entrepreneurial activity in 49 countries across the world. While SEA rates are dwarfed by TEA rates in factor - and efficiency - driven countries, they are a significant component of entrepreneurship in many innovation-driven countries. A significant minority of social entrepreneurs, particularly in developing countries, appear to wish to have a profitable business that at the same time addresses social issues. This demonstrates that for many people, the categories of “social” and “business” entrepreneur are artificial, and more holistic definitions of entrepreneurship are needed if we are to capture the true extent of this phenomenon. Our main objective is to analyze the effects of the different type of entrepreneurship expert specialization on the perceptions about SEA. This is the most recent dataset available in GEM site, which includes the variables about the social entrepreneurship. The next year where these issues are repeated was 2015, but the database is not yet available. For this purpose, it was used the analysis of variance. To study the effects that a different type of expert (i.e. Entrepreneur; Inves-tor, Financer or Banker; Policy Maker; Business and Support Services Provider; Educator, Teacher or Researcher) has on the perceptions about the Entrepreneurial Social Conditions, in their own countries and/or regions, are analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Keywords: Social entrepreneurship


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Parallel sessions 5 IS DISCRIMINATION AGE-BASED ETHICAL? Ana Isabel Freitas Mendes ISCAP – P.Porto [email protected] Andreia Martins Florêncio ISCAP – P.Porto [email protected] Pedro Filipe Passos Guimarães ISCAP – P.Porto [email protected] Ana Cláudia Rodrigues CEOS-RH & ISCAP – P.Porto [email protected] Demographic studies indicate that Europe and Portugal are aging, making an aging workforce foresee in the near future. Knowing that soon enough there will not be enough people on the market to meet the needs, age discrimination in recruitment and selection processes is a widely recognized reality, but not obvious to the untrained eye. The age-based discrimination in recruitment results are is discussed based on four ethical theories, namely, utilitarianism, stakeholders, discourse and deontology, trying to gauge the ethical validity of the found practices and its’ assumptions. Implications for literature and for the practice of human resources management are presented as well as suggestions for future studies. Keywords: Age-based discrimination, ethics, recruitment and selection, discrimination


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Parallel sessions 6 Corporate Motivations for Long-term Donations to Nonprofit Organisations: a case study Sara Santos Polytechnic Institute of Porto, School of Management and Technology [email protected] Beatriz Casais University of Minho, School of Economics and Management IPAM Porto, Universidade Europeia, Laureate International Universities [email protected] This paper aims to discuss the motivations of corporate donors and their loyalty to Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) in the practice of donations, as well as to identify the marketing practices that NPOs can develop in order to obtain loyalty. The research was based on a qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews with twenty companies with social responsibility. To illustrate and exemplify interview questions, we used a case of a Portuguese NPO called AIREV, which provides support to people with disabilities. After analyzing and discussing the results, the authors concluded that the companies that present as their main motivation the altruism perceive the importance of their donation to the sustainability of the NPO and the well-being of the people that the institutions attend, and they reassure their donation. The companies do not point out the visibility / recognition that this donation can bring to their own company as motivation to make a donation. The interviewees also referred as criteria to consider when choosing the NPO to donate, the credibility of the NPO, as well as its physical proximity. Keywords: Loyalty fundraising; Corporate Donators; NPO fundraising; Nonprofit Marketing


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Parallel sessions 6 HELPING DONORS TO EMPTY THEIR POCKETS: A GUIDE FOR AN ETHICAL ORGANIZATION Raul M. S. Laureano Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), BRU-IUL, ISTAR-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal [email protected] Madalena Eça de Abreu Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), BRU-IUL, Lisboa and ISCAC Coimbra Business School, Portugal [email protected] Charitable donations are an increasingly form for the sustainability of nonprofit organizations and these organizations do carry on different programs for reaching donations. Besides, ethical behaviour perceived by the donors of a nonprofit organization is been under the surveillance as a core driver of the donor behaviour towards the organization. Organizations do carry on communication programs using Internet tools to promote the ethical behaviour within its stakeholders. The investigation examines the role of the perceived ethical behaviour of a nonprofit organization in donors behaviour. Moreover, this study wants to identify the demographic traits of the donors perception the ethical behaviour of the organization. The behaviour of the prospective donor is measured in four ways: i) giving or not giving; ii) the frequency of donations; iii) (average) donation amount; iv) intention to donate, and the ethical behaviour is reached by an agreement scale. A questionnaire was presented to a sample of 154 respondentes registered in the databases of the organization. On a general level, the findings suggest that donor’s perception of ethical behaviour are related to donations. And every single organization is challenged to use the right and even more information concerning their ethical behaviour and, accordingly, increasing their donations dynamics. Keywords: Ethical behaviour, donations, nonprofit organization, communication tools


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Parallel sessions 6 THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS STAKEHOLDERS: A CASE STUDY Patrícia Alves da Silva Porto Polytechnic Institute – ESTG of P.PORTO, CIICESI, Portugal [email protected] Amélia Carvalho Porto Polytechnic Institute – ESTG of P.PORTO, CIICESI, Portugal [email protected] Marisa Ferreira Porto Polytechnic Institute – ESTG of P.PORTO, CIICESI, Portugal [email protected] Carmem Leal Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro University, CETRAD, Portugal [email protected] In the economic activity of modern societies, there was a progressive increase in the importance of Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) consequently leading to a growing demand for financial and non-financial information. Taking into account the mission, values and particularly characteristics of NPOs, and the accountability reflect a reliable and true image of their performance, for stakeholders. NPOs should increasingly give prominence to their accountability. Considering NPOs as mission-based organizations with multiple stakeholders, some authors suggest that accountability should be made specifically for these stakeholders (Moore, 2000; Ebrahim, 2005), and since generally is not clear who is considered morally and/or legally as the most important, organizations must develop different accountability systems to improve this process and respond to the needs of different stakeholders. This research intends to perceive accountability, in an NPO growing context, if the information disclosed goes against what stakeholders want to know and what are the implications of this accountability. Using a case study by an important portuguese NPO we intend to give an integrated look to accountability process, considering main aspects such as transparency and social responsibility, and indicators such as economic sustainability and creation of social value. Keywords: Accountability; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Responsibility; Stakeholders


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Parallel sessions 6 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE HOSPITALITY SECTOR: ITS EFFECTS ON THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS César Sahelices-Pinto Faculty of Business and Economics, University of León, Spain [email protected] Ana Lanero-Carrizo Faculty of Business and Economics, University of León, Spain [email protected] José Luis Vázquez-Burguete Faculty of Business and Economics, University of León, Spain [email protected] In current marketplaces, implementation of activities related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a new expectation to be fulfilled by all sort of organizations. These ethical practices are key issues at the time of differentiating products, gaining competitive advantages for consumer decisions and reviews, and building simultaneously a positive reputation in face of the various stakeholders. Although the recent marketing literature indicates a positive link between companies’ involvement in social and environmental causes and consumer goodwill towards firms and brands, the effects of social reputation on consumer behavior are not entirely demonstrated. In the context of these evidences, this paper analyzes the consideration of responsibility criteria (CSR) over the different stages of the consumer decision-making process with regard to hospitality services. Particularly, a self-administered questionnaire was conducted with a representative sample of consumers in Spain. In general, findings support a moderate-downward impact of perceived business responsibility over the consumer decision-making process, while some discrepancies can be observed between individuals within gender and different age groups. Lastly, a final discussion is carried out gathering some interest considerations as direct reflection of results obtained and further lines of future research are indicated. Keywords: corporate social responsibility (CSR), consumer behavior, consumer decision-making process, hospitality sector, gender and age


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Parallel sessions 6 “Portugal The Best Destination”: the case study of a CSR communication that changed minds and increased the business performance Beatriz Casais University of Minho, School of Economics and Management IPAM Porto, Universidade Europeia, Laureate International Universities [email protected] Bruno Sousa Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave (IPCA), School of Management Applied Management Research Unit (UNIAG) University of Minho, School of Economics and Management [email protected] Corporate social responsibility practices has shown evidences of success in marketing and business outcomes. The paper shows a case study about a digital albums’ company that launched a digital communication campaign with the purpose of intensifying the habits of taking and printing digital photos and, at the same time, demystifying the suspicious about Portuguese future in a crisis moment, increasing the country self-esteem and tourism. “Portugal, The Best Destination” campaign raised the country as a tourism destination of excellence, inviting the nationals themselves to do it through photography. The buzz marketing within the public and media solved the organization’s problems of lack awareness and lack of photography routines among the customers, while contributed to the Portuguese proud feeling and external public opinion about the country. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Integrated Marketing Communications, New Media, Societal Marketing, Destination Marketing


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9 june 4th Symposium on Ethics and Social Responsibility Research 2017

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Parallel sessions 7 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TRAINING EXPERIENCE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA Dolores Gallardo-Vázquez University of Extremadura [email protected] Eduardo Pinilla Gil University of Extremadura [email protected] M. Mercedes Galán Ladero University of Extremadura [email protected] M. Jesús Barroso Méndez University of Extremadura [email protected] For some years, Social Responsibility strategy has begun to be implemented in the context of universities, being known as University Social Responsibility (USR). Universities are aware that they must work under a different approach than they have been working until now. They must begin by defining their values on which to base the mission and vision of the organization. From there, they must design their actions to improve in the economic, social and environmental dimensions. This will be addressed from the four key management processes: teaching, research, management and projection to society. However, there is a first step that we consider fundamental, what is the need to have adequate training in the subject that we address, the USR. In this sense, we analyze here a training experience carried out in the Training Plan for the teaching staff and the staff of administration and services of the University of Extremadura. The stakeholders have reacted very positively to the course given by expressing as results that the theme has been novel and attractive, the interest of the workshop as members of the university groups, the usefulness of training for work in the university and the willingness to participate in activities and contribute with their ideas and involvement. Keywords: University Social Responsibility, training, teaching staff, administration staff, University of Extremadura


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Parallel sessions 7 CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THE POINT OF VIEW FROM UNDERGRADUATED STUDENTS IN PORTUGAL Sandra Gomes IPAM, Universidade Europeia [email protected] Pedro Graça FCNAUP [email protected] One of the main purpose of this paper is to analyse the perceptions of Portuguese consumers, namely undergraduated students in Oporto, towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Knowing that consumer perceptions about CSR dimensions are nationally contingent, this research provides some results that bridge the research gap on the subject in to Portugal. With this purpose it were conducted exploratory interviews that allowed the construction of a questionnaire to a sample of 824 undergraduated students in 22 higher education institutions from Oporto, Portugal. From the analysis of the main results it was concluded that students had some knowledge and a multidimensional vison of CSR. It was achieved, after an exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, that, from the perspective of consumers, the CSR concept, is based on four dimensions: Economic, Environmental, Employees and Community. Concerning consumers Support of CSR they prefer to avoid products from socially irresponsible companies than to actually be willing to pay more for products from socially responsible ones. It is certain that if price and quality remain the same, consumers refer to choose products/services from socially responsible companies. Keywords: Consumers perception, Consumers ‘support of CSR, CSR, Undergraduate students


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Parallel sessions 7 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSABILITY: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS Ana Teixeira CIICESI - Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG - School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO - Polytechnic of Porto [email protected] Aldina Correia CIICESI - Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG - School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO - Polytechnic of Porto [email protected] Marisa Ferreira CIICESI - Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG - School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO - Polytechnic of Porto [email protected] Vanda Lima CIICESI - Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems ESTG - School of Management and Technology, P.PORTO - Polytechnic of Porto [email protected] In the current environment, it is essential to recognize social responsibility as an important corporate decision, which involve socially responsible actions by companies. As such, it is relevant to investigate the perceptions of future employees / employers /entrepreneurs, that is, students of today, in relation to this subject. Using a sample of 194 students from a Portuguese Higher Education Institution, this paper examines if certain characteristics (such as, gender, age, professional experience and academic degree) influence the students’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility. The results suggest that these characteristics do not present statistically significant differences in the students’ perceptions. Therefore, it is intended, in this study, to identify and analyze literature on the subject and to test hypotheses, which have as objective understand potential differences, taking into account the perceptions that each student has, considering different perceptions regarding corporate social responsibility. We also used factor analysis, trying to study the perceptions under investigation and to identify some measures which can group different dimensions. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility; Students’ Perceptions


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Parallel sessions 7 UNIVERSITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, SATISFACTION AND QUALITY OF SERVICE Perceptions of the Higher Education Student Gina Santos CETRAD Research Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [email protected] Luís Mendes Advanced Studies in Management & Economics Research Center (CEFAGE-UBI), Univ. Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal [email protected] Elsa Justino University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [email protected] Carla Marques CETRAD Research Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [email protected] Vanessa Ratten La Trobe University, Australia [email protected] This study aims to identify the factors that define students’ perceptions about university social responsibility (USR) at a university in the northern interior of Portugal (UTAD) and to analyze their impact on their perceptions of satisfaction and quality of service. In order to test the proposed research model, the covariance-based structural equation modeling using the AMOS software is used to test students’ general perception of the USR in order to achieve higher standards of quality of service and satisfaction. We emphasize that the general perception of USR has a positive effect on students’ satisfaction experiences by the evaluation of the quality of university services. As so, we recommend that the University rethink its mission and strategy having as one of the pillars the USR, involving all its stakeholders, especially students and collaborators (teachers and technical staff) in order to promote an higher quality services and as a consequence a higher students satisfaction. Keywords: University Social Responsibility, Satisfaction, Quality of Service, Higher Education Students


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Parallel sessions 8 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR COLLECTIVE IMPACT: THE CASE OF ACCENTURE SPAIN Vanessa Mato-Santiso Ph.D. Student, C+D Group (Research Group on Competition and Regional Development in the EU), University of A Coruña, Spain [email protected] Marta Rey-García Associate Professor of Marketing, University of A Coruña, Spain [email protected] Collective impact initiatives have gained in importance during the last decade, especially since the start of economic crisis in 2007, as new approaches to solve complex social problems. The purpose of this research consists on analyzing the CSR of Accenture Spain and its evolution towards collective impact strategies, as exemplified in “Juntos por el empleo de los más vulnerables (JEV)”. JEV has been designed as a collective impact initiative aiming to create a shared value ecosystem in the field of work integration for the most vulnerable people. In order to achieve our research goal, this initiative is analyzed by using case study research method (Yin, 1994). To assess the maturity of this collective impact initiative, the framework proposed by Kania and Kramer (2011) will be used. The effects of JEV in terms of creation of a shared value ecosystem will be assessed by using the framework proposed by Kramer and Pfitzer (2016). Preliminary results demonstrate the potential of JEV to create a shared value ecosystem that promotes work integration of the most vulnerable people. However, this collective impact initiative also entails some limitations, including heterogeneous degrees of alignment with common objectives and efforts, and the existence of tensions between actors. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Collective impact, Shared value ecosystem, Work integration of vulnerable people


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Parallel sessions 8 ON ETHICS, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: A CASE STUDY OF INDIAN BANKS Manjunath Bere ISCAC Coimbra Business School, Coimbra, Portugal [email protected] Maria de Fátima dos Santos David Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal [email protected] Madalena Eça de Abreu ISCAC Coimbra Business School, Coimbra, Portugal [email protected] In the recent past, the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility scattered very rapidly in India in all the industrial sectors. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is to contribute to the society while functioning within the moral ethics. In developing country like India, banking industry plays an essential role in improving the economy of the country not only by lending money or increasing the liquidity in the country but also by imposing a new practice called corporate social responsibility (CSR). Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Ethics, Sustainability


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Parallel sessions 8 SUSTAINABILITY DISCLOSURE IMBALANCES A qualitative case-study analysis M. Isabel Sánchez-Hernández University of Extremadura, Spain [email protected] Flavio Horneaux-Junior University of São Paulo, Brasil [email protected] Barbara Galleli University of São Paulo, Brasil [email protected] According to the paradigm of the Triple Bottom Line approach for sustainability, an organization is supposed to positively impact on three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental. Therefore, there is some doubt if companies are giving the same importance at these different aspects of sustainability in their disclosure efforts. In addition, it would be necessary a real and equilibrated relationship between sustainable practices and company’s performance. To contribute to this debate, this work analyzes the case study of the Spanish financial institution CaixaBank, assuming that it is one leading bank with financial robustness and an acknowledged culture of sustainability. We have developed a descriptive and qualitative approach consisting on an indepth content analysis of its 2015 integrated report with ATLAS.ti 7.1 software. The aim is to identify the existence of either equilibrium or imbalance among the three dimensions of sustainability and to identify the level of association between the company´s sustainable practices and its performance. As conclusion, and even recognizing that CaixaBank is one of the best financial companies in Spain and around the world, the integrated report presents some clear imbalances in sustainability disclosure and there is little relationship between sustainability practices and performance. Keywords: CaixaBank, Disclosure, Qualitative Analysis, Performance, Sustainability


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Parallel sessions 8 CORPORATE HYPOCRISY AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BRAND CRISES EFFECT ON CONSUMERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARD BRANDS Ana Luísa Santos School of Economics and Management, University of Minho [email protected] Beatriz Casais School of Economics and Management, University of Minho IPAM Porto, Universidade Europeia, Laureate International Universities [email protected] It is essential to understand how consumers react to scandals that occur in the social domain the brand actively promotes CSR. The purpose of this study is to understand how corporate social responsibility and perceived corporate hypocrisy are able of changing consumer attitudes in the context of a brand crisis. The results of 328 responses to an online questionnaire about BP, Zara, Nestlé and Volkswagen, which all faced a crisis in the environmental domain, verified the existence of significant brand attitude changes after respondents have been exposed to inconsistent information between brand CSR and its actual behaviour. These changes have resulted in more negative attitudes toward brands, which means that CSR reinforces the negative impact of a brand crisis when they occur in the same area. All studied cases have proved the important role of perceived corporate hypocrisy in the formation of negative attitudes towards the brand. The study also concluded that a greater fit between the brand and its CSR initiatives can lead to more positive attitudes. Lastly, this investigation alert managers to the fragility of CSR when they are driven by extrinsic or self-interest reasons, as they can be counterproductive when a scandal arises in the same area. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, corporate hypocrisy, attitude towards the brand, brand crises


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Parallel sessions 8 Social Responsibility Communication of Retail Brands through Own Products Packaging Cristina Fernandes Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, School of Business Studies [email protected] Andreia Teixeira Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, School of Business Studies CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems [email protected] Beatriz Casais University of Minho, School of Economics and Management IPAM Porto, Universidade Europeia, Laureate International Universities [email protected] Retailer brands were initially introduced as ow quality brands and low prices. Currently, customers understand that these brands are valuable and have a preference for them. In this sense, increased competition and the proliferation of own brands that distribution companies have to face motivated retailers to increasingly introduce sustainable development in their practices as a competition issue with corporate brands. This paper intends to fill in gaps in the field of social responsibility communication through the packaging of retailers’ products, as the symbols and information that are presented on labels. Following a quantitative analysis with 539 consumer surveys, it was concluded that the CSR information packaging does not reflect the position of consumers. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Retail Brand, Packaging


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Parallel sessions 9 DRIVERS AND BARRIERS OF UNIVERSITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: INTEGRATION INTO STRATEGIC PLANS Elva L. Ramos-Monge Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Department of Management, Barcelona, Spain [email protected] Xavier Llinàs Audet Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Department of Management, Barcelona, Spain [email protected] Jesús Barrena Martínez University of Cadiz, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Economics and Busi-ness, Cadiz, Spain [email protected] The implementation of University Social Responsibility (USR) into universities is a subject of great social interest. However, the lack of understanding, precision and standardization, produce deficient stakeholder’s engagement, obstructing USR applications. USR in a formal context and as part of strategy should be a path that leads to its fulfillment. This research aims to 1) identify drivers to USR and recognize the stakeholders involved, 2) detect barriers to execute those drivers and to implement social responsibility into strategic planning, and 3) find how and in whish part should be USR into strategic planning. To carry out this research a Delphi method (or panel of experts) was used. A total of eighteen experts from Mexico and Spain participated. A questionnaire was carried out and results show that USR is more related to student’s issues, being among main drivers to work under a code of ethics and acquire civic competences as part of the vocational training. The main barriers to be involved on social responsibility activities are the lack of time and interest of university community. The insufficient communication into the university community is mentioned as one of main obstacles to incorporate USR into strategic planning. Experts suggested that USR must be inherent to universities mission and vision in a transversal way, getting a consensus that USR represents an internal strength. Relevance of this work relies on the holistic points of views of the results. Keywords: University Social Responsibility, Delphi method, Strategic Management, Strategic Plan, Stakeholders Theory


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Parallel sessions 9 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN ACADEMIA: A PROPOSAL TOWARDS THE EFFICIENT USE OF PAPER Paulo J. Ramísio CTAC and School of Engineering, University of Minho, Portugal [email protected] Hélder L. Costa Sustainability Office, University of Minho, Portugal [email protected] Lígia M. Costa Pinto NIMA and EEG, University of Minho, Portugal [email protected] Higher Education Institutions play a key role in responding to the challenges that humanity has been facing, particularly in terms of the challenge for the development of a sustainable society. Within this paradigm, resource use and management practices by each organization are a critical theme for the fulfillment of the greater objective of sustainability. This paper presents a proposal for effective management of resources in Higher Education Institutions, in particular emphasis on paper-use. To this end, the strategies developed by the University of Minho are characterized and its results evaluated. Results show a decrease of 80% of paper-use (quantity) between 2010 and 2015. The analysis and results in this paper contribute to the elaboration of best-practices guidelines for the sustainable management of higher education institutions and society in general. Keywords: sustainability policies; higher education institutions; paper-use; environmental responsibility


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Parallel sessions 9 EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON WORK OUTCOMES AND ATTITUDES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS Carla Mascarenhas Research Centre in Business Sciences (CETRAD), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal [email protected] Luís Mendes Advanced Studies in Management & Economics Research Center (CEFAGE-UBI), Univ. Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal [email protected] Carla Marques Research Centre in Business Sciences (CETRAD), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal [email protected] Anderson Galvão Research Centre in Business Sciences (CETRAD), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal [email protected] Our study provides fruitful insights regarding how organizations should conduct their CSR approach to maximize the favourable attitudes of employees - and ultimately the return on their CSR investments. Specifically, our results have potentially important implications for corporate CSR and HR strategies, as well as CSR communication strategies. First, an organizational investment in social issues improves employee attitudes. We therefore encourage human resources departments to actively create and promote environments that incorporate CSR into all aspects of employee work, which will increase the potential return on CSR activities through positive employee attitudes. In particular, elements of CSR should increasingly appear in various processes, such as recruitment, career and talent management, and incentives. Keywords: Social Corporate Responsibility (CRS); Higher education; employees


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Parallel sessions 9 INFLUENCE OF VALUES AND PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ORIENTATION: A STUDY APPLIED TO STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION Anderson Galvão Research in Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies (CETRAD-UTAD), PhD Student at University of Beira Interior [email protected] Luís Mendes Advanced Studies in Management & Economics Research Center (CEFAGE-UBI), Univ. Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal [email protected] Carla Marques Research in Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies (CETRAD-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro [email protected] Carla Mascarenhas Research in Centre for Transdisciplinary Development Studies (CETRAD-UTAD), PhD Student at University of Beira Interior [email protected] This research intends to study some variables that influence the corporate social responsibility orientation (CSRO) in students of higher education. For this, a questionnaire developed by Aupperle (1982) was used to obtain several results that were treated in the SPSS software. The results show that the variables under study influence some of the dimensions of the CSRO of higher education students, however the research hypotheses are only supported by the results of gender, religion and volunteerism. Taking into account the literature, the results also show that female students, religious students and students who volunteer have a greater philanthropic orientation, and the feminine gender also has a strong ethical orientation. This study provides important evidence to expand Corporate Social Responsibility, specifically in higher education students. As these students are about to make choices throughout their careers, this study will help to expand the area of corporate social responsibility and understand the variables that contribute to increasing their orientation. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation, students, higher education, personal values, Economic, Legal, Ethical, Philanthropic


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Parallel sessions 10 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMPETITIVE AND LEGITIMACY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES Dolores Gallardo-Vázquez University of Extremadura [email protected] José Luis Lizcano-Álvarez Spanish Association of Accounting and Business Administration [email protected] In a context of globalization, a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategy emerges in the context of businesses. A fundamental economic system is the one formed by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The main objective of this paper is the identification and characterization of the basic elements of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of these companies that can contribute to the improvement of competitiveness and legitimacy for companies. Based on the premises established by the Conceptual Framework of the Spanish Association of Accounting and Business Administration (AECA) (2004) related to the definition, scope and basic elements of CSR, and the proposed Conceptual Framework in The Study of the European Commission’s Enterprise Directorate-General, Corporate Responsibility. Compilation of cases of good practices between small and medium-sized enterprises in Europe (2004), a systematic analysis is carried out offering a selection of elements common to both frameworks. Based on this selection, the authors have defined a theoretical framework for the analysis of this strategy in these companies. At the same time, we have tried to get a competitive and legitimacy framework in order to identify a set of more relevant CSR elements and, therefore, distinguishing for MSMEs. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, legitimacy, competitiveness


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Parallel sessions 10 LEADING THROUGH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TO A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Pedro Fontoura Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Portugal [email protected] Arnaldo Coelho Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Portugal [email protected] This study explores the intersection between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and supply chain leadership (SCL), opening a path for further empirical investigations to shed light on how sustainable business is defined, facilitated and implemented across the supply chains. Given that sustainable leadership principles are associated with brand and reputation enhancement, customer and staff satisfaction, and financial performance, we emphasize the importance of Portuguese companies, namely EDP, to engage with a leadership through CSR, providing the corporate leaders with the arguments for integrating CSR in all business dimensions, namely in the supply chain management. A structured literature review of CSR and SCL was conducted to summarize the research published so far in peer-reviewed publications. The authors argue that a positive effect of a company’s leadership in CSR enables a sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), resulting in benefits for all the supply chain partners. Linking CSR, SCL and SSCM allows the exploitation of strategies and performance outcomes with a focus on sustainability for all the partners involved in the supply chain. It is, therefore, the hope of the authors that this article will provide a theoretical background for further empirical investigations to explore those relation-ships, providing the man-agers with solid and supporting arguments in favor of a truly sustainable business leadership across the supply chains. The relationships between variables need to be explored in practical case studies and cross sectional investigation to support possible generalizations. This study will contribute to the SCL and CSR theory development and consolidation. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Supply Chain Management, Leadership, Sustainability


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Parallel sessions 10 READERS ON FOCUS FOR LITERARY STUDIES: A CASE FOR ETHICAL REFLECTION Raquel Bello Vázquez UniRitter; Grupo Galabra, USC [email protected] This proposal presents a theoretical discussion previous to the collection of data for an ongoing research project. I will root my reflections on the concept of Socially Responsible Research as defined by Torres Feijó (2015) and I will develop some of the implications of this concept through the specifics of a case study on reading practices in Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). I will focus mainly on one question: to what extent research in the field of literature should be shaped by actual practices of reading? Or, in other words, should literary studies be autonomous? The case study reveals several nuances for answering this question, given the fact that public policies on literacy and reading promotion are based on literary studies. On a second level, I will bring up for discussion some of the effects of the specific policy of the Brazilian Higher Education System that considers mandatory the submission of every project involving human subjects to a federal Ethics Committee. Keywords: Literary Studies, Literacy, Literary Consumption, Reading Practices


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Parallel sessions 10 SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AS RESEARCH GROUP: ETHIC, PRACTICES AND IMPLICATIONS Elias J. Torres Feijó University of Santiago de Compostela GALABRA Group [email protected] By Socially Responsible Research we mean (SRR) the commitment to share results and the explanations of the research processes that lead to them with the human subjects involved in it and/or the sectors potentially interested in or affected by those results. SRR include dimensions such as the collaborative selection of questions, derived from or depending on social demands. SRR must become a procedural issue in the definition of the research questions and project. A research group must have a research ethic. Our ethics is based upon the conception of research as a public service, the our accountability regarding the use of public resources, the improvement of the living conditions in terms of sustainability, wel-being extension and the promotion of decent employment and financial activities to prevent research from becoming a monopoly of knowledge or an unfair competition. SRR should become one of the main missions of higher education, given the very nature of the research goal because it works with public resources and because it intends to offer alternatives in social action independent of any eventual interests against the aforementioned principles. Possibilities and limits will be problematized and examples of various practices in the construction of the RSI will be offered. Keywords: Socially Responsible Research, Research group. Community. Participation


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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Chair and the Organizing Committee of the 4th Symposium on Ethics and Social Responsibility Research 2017 would like to express some acknowledgments. Thank you to all the participants and assistants of the Symposium. You were the true soul and heart of all the debate, knowledge and conclusions drawn from the event. Thank you to all the session moderators, who were kind enough to assure a smooth and articulated discussion and presentation of all the works and ideas brought by the participants. Thank you also to the two excellent keynote speakers that participated in the Symposium. Marta Rey-Garcia and José Figueiredo Soares gave inspiring lectures and contributed for this reflection moment of a topic that is extremely up-to-date as “Ethics and Social Responsibility - values and Practices. “ Thank you to the ISCTE team, through our mediator and colleague Luis Fonseca, particularly to Professor José Neves, Professor Eduardo Simões, Professor Vítor Hugo Silva and Professor Patricia Duarte, who launched us the challenge of the organization and relied on our work. Thank you for all the support several institutions (and the people within these institutions) have gave us: Polytechnic of Porto, School of Management and Technology and our research center (CIICESI), Porto City Hall and Cidade +. Finally, thank you to all the members of our Scientific Committee, a fundamental part of the Symposium in order to achieve excellence through the process of admission and publication of the papers presented. Marisa Roriz Ferreira Chair of the Organizing Committee


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SYMPOSIUM ON ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY RESEARCH PORTO . PORTUGAL 8-9 june 2017 SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY | P.PORTO

ESCOlA SUpERIOR DE TECNOlOGIA E GESTÃO


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SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY A Rua do Curral, Casa do Curral, Margaride 4610-156 Felgueiras. Portugal W estg.ipp.pt Polytechnic of Porto | P.PORTO A Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto. Portugal w ipp.pt


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