book of abstracts

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Fifth International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2014”

AGROSYM 2014

Jahorina, October 23 - 26, 2014

Impressum Fifth International Scientific Agricultural Symposium „Agrosym 2014“ Book of Abstracts Published by University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy International Society of Environment and Rural Development, Japan Balkan Environmental Association, B.EN.A, Greece Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Serbia Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje“ Serbia Biotehnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Balkan Scientific Association of Agricultural Economics, Serbia Institute of Agricultural Economics, Serbia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Editor in Chief Dusan Kovacevic

Tehnical editors Sinisa Berjan Milan Jugovic Mirjana Stojanovic Noureddin Driouech Rosanna Quagliariello

Website: http://www.agrosym.rs.ba

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Fifth International Scientific Agricultural Symposium “Agrosym 2014” Jahorina, October 23-26, 2014, Bosnia and Herzegovina

HONORARY COMMITTEE

STEVO MIRJANIC, Minister of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia; JASMIN KOMIC, Minister of Science and Technology of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia; GORAN MUTABDZIJA, Minister of Education and Culture of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia; RADOSLAV GRUJIC, Rector of the University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; MILICA PETROVIC, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; COSIMO LACIRIGNOLA, Director of the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy; MARIO T. TABUCANON, President of the International Society of Environment and Rural Development, Japan; FOKIAON K. VOSNIAKOS, President of the Balkan Environmental Association (B.EN.A), Greece; BRANKO KOVACEVIC, President of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Serbia; BRANKA KRESOVIC, Director of the Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Serbia; MIOMIR JOVANOVIC, Dean of the Biotechnical Faculty, University of Podgorica; DRAGO CVIJANOVIC, Director of the Institute of Agricultural Economics, Serbia; NIKOLA MICIC, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia. SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

DUSAN KOVACEVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; WILLIAM MEYERS, Howard Cowden Professor of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Missouri, USA; JOHN BRAYDEN, Norwegian Agricultural Economics Research Institute (NILF), Norway; STEVE QUARIE, Visiting Professor, School of Biology, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; ATEF HAMDY, Emeritus Professor, Land and Water Resources Department; IAMB, Italy: DANI SHTIENBERG, full professor, Department of Plant pathology and Weed Research, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel: THOMAS G. JOHNSON, University of Missouri – Columbia, USA; DIETER TRAUTZ, University of Applied Science, Germany; MACHITO MIHARA, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan; MARKUS SCHERMER, Department of Sociology, University of Innsbruk, Austria: FOKIAON VOSNIAKOS, Balkan Environmental Association (B.EN.A),Greece: MATTEO VITTUARI, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bologna, Italy; VELIBOR SPALEVIC, The journal “Agriculture and Forestry”, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro; EPN UDAYAKUMARA, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Sri Lanka; VLADIMIR SMUTNÝ, full professor, Mendel University, Faculty of agronomy, Czech Republic; FRANC BAVEC, full professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Maribor, Slovenia; NICOLAE ESTUDOE, full professor, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; JAN MOUDRÝ, full professor, Faculty of Agriculture, South Bohemia University, Czech Republic; STEFAN TYR, full professor, Faculty of Agro-biology and Food Resources, Slovakia; NATALIJA BOGDANOV, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; SABAHUDIN BAJRAMOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia; FRANCESCO PORCELLI, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy; VASILIJE ISAJEV, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Serbia; ELAZAR FALLIK, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani, Israel; JUNAID ALAM MEMON, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Pakistan; HIROMU OKAZAWA, Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan; MLADEN TODOROVIC, Land and Water Resources Department; IAMB, Italy; HAMID EL BILALI, Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Rural Development Department. IAMB, Italy; NOUREDDIN DRIOUECH, Environmental Sciences and Organic Agriculture, IAMB, Italy; LALITA SIRIWATTANANON, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thailand; ABID HUSSAIN, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Nepal; AMRITA GHATAK, Gujarat Institute of Development Research (GIDR), India; MÁRTA BIRKÁS, full professor, St. Istvan University, Godollo – Hungary; UDAI PRATAP SINGH, Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Banaras Hindu University, India; ANDRZEJ KOWALSKI, Director of the Institute for Agricultural and Food Economy, Warzawa-Poland; YALCIN KAYA, The Director of the Plant Breeding Research Center,

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University of Trakya, Turkey; KOSANA KONSTATINOV, Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia, Serbia; NEBOJSA MOMIROVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; ZORAN JOVOVIC, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro; VLADIMIR VUKADINOVIC, full professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Croatia; DANIJEL JUG, associate professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Croatia; VLADO KOVACEVIC, full professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Croatia; MILAN MARKOVIC, Department for Animal husbandry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro. ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE

VESNA MILIC, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; DEJAN BOKONJIC, Vice rector of the University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; STEVAN TRBOJEVIC, Vice rector of the University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; PREDRAG PUDJA, Vice dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; JEGOR MILADINOVIC, Scientific Advisor, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia; ZELJKO DOLIJANOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia; ROBERTO CAPONE, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy; ROSANNA QUAGLIARIELLO, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy; NOUREDDIN DRIOUECH, Coordinator of MAIB Alumni Network (FTN), Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy; ALEKSANDRA DESPOTOVIC, Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, University of Montenegro, Montenegro; MILIC CUROVIC, The journal “Agriculture and Forestry”, Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, University of Montenegro, Montenegro; GORAN PERKOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; MIRJANA RADOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; MILAN JUGOVIC, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia; SINISA BERJAN, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia, secretary

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PREFACE Dear Colleagues, In your hands is Book of Abstracts and the Proceedings of the V International Scientific Agricultural Symposium Symposium "Agrosym 2014", which I hope you will find useful in your work. Around 430 contributions from 56 world countries have been accepted for oral or poster presentations. “Agrosym” is, since five years, an annual platform for international scientific discussion on agriculture, food, rural development and environment. Agrosym represents a good opportunity to exchange ideas, to strengthen existing and to create new academic networks, and to foster dialogue between the academia, public institutions, the private sector and civil society organizations on the recent global and regional trends in the agro-food sector. The fifth edition, Agrosym 2014, focuses on six thematic areas: plant production, plant protection and food safety, organic agriculture, environmental protection and natural resources management, animal husbandry, and rural development and agro-economy. Papers dealing with forestry, agricultural engineering and technology and food safety are included into one of the offered sessions in accordance with their topics. Keynote papers included influence of environment and production practice on food production, food security and production of raw materials (for the purpose of other industries, exchange with the world, social, demographic and other aspects) which determine multiple importance of agriculture in all countries. Today it is obvious that conventional methods of agricultural production in addition to providing sufficient food and other various products have led to a number of negative impacts. These negative impacts raise serious questions about long term sustainability of high-input agriculture. Measures to protect soil and water in agriculture include comprehensive and complex undertaking pre-planned measures. The lack of energy, that is oil, will require the solutions orienting toward other sources. The production of biodiesel and bioethanol is linked to agriculture where two crops of maize and oilseed rape are very important. An increased production of maize for those purposes, first in the world, will result in major changes in sowing structure, but also in animal husbandry where the lack of it will be felt. Apart from energy, preservation of water resources will be significant due to its huge spending in agriculture. These problems will be a constant reason for popularisation of all ecological trends in agriculture, that is, their divergence and expansion, but an occasional return to some classical technologies from time to time should not be excluded. Full texts of the submitted communications will be published online in Book of Proceedings while selected papers will be published in the International Journal ”Agriculture and Forestry“. I hope that the papers will be useful to many agriculturalists and to those engaged in related fields and enable better collaboration of scientists, researchers and professionals from first of all Balkan countries and abroad, as well as to the producers also to transfer of scientific and professional achievements into agricultural production and practice. Many thank to all the authors, reviewers, section moderators and colleagues for their help in editing the Proceedings. Special thanks go to all co-organizers for their unselfish collaboration and comprehensive support. Finally, we would like also to express our genuine gratitude to the sponsors for their valuable support. Academician Dusan Kovacevic President of the Scientific Committee and Editor in Chief

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KEYNOTE PAPERS ..........................................................................................................................35 SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION - THE FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE? Dieter TRAUTZ, Insa KUEHLING ...................................................................................................................... 36 THE WATER- ENERGY-FOOD SECURITY NEXUS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Atef HAMDY, Noureddin DRIOUECH, Amine HMID......................................................................................... 37 ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA Snezana OLJACA, Dusan KOVACEVIC, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC, Vesna MILIC ....................................................... 38 MAIZE HYBRIDS AS RAW MATERIAL FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION Snezana MLADENOVIC DRINIC, Valentina SEMECENKO, Milica RADOSAVLJEVIC ............................................ 39 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE COUNTRIES OF FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Mladen TODOROVIC, Lazar TANASIJEVIC, Sameh SAADI, Luis S. PEREIRA, Piero LIONELLO............................. 40

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PLANT PRODUCTION............................................................................................................41

A TRANSPIRATION MODEL TO SCREEN LOCAL FRUIT TREE GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE Dhimiter THOMA, Endrit KULLAJ .................................................................................................................... 42 SELECTION OF FLOOD – TOLERANT PRUNUS ROOTSTOCKS USING SAP FLOW Dhimiter THOMA, Endrit KULLAJ .................................................................................................................... 43 PRODUCTION CAPABILITIES AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FODDER FOR ANIMAL NUTRITION IN MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Vojo RADIC, Milanka DRINIC, Aleksandar KRALJ ............................................................................................. 44 INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE AND CELL VOLUME OF CONTAINERS ON THE QUALITY OF BASIL Aleksandra GOVEDARICA-LUCIC, Goran PERKOVIC, Alma RAHIMIC................................................................ 45 LEVELS OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN BULBS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF ONION Azra HADZIC, Josip COTA, Edita SARIC, Omer KURTOVIC, Milana SILJ, Jelena COTA ....................................... 46 SANA – NEW VARIETY OF SPRING OAT Dragan MANDIC, Goran DJURASINOVIC, Iskra MIHIC ..................................................................................... 47 AFLATOXIN B1 CONTAMINATION OF CORN IN REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Vojislav TRKULJA, Slavko RADANOVIC, Bojana VUKOVIC, Dragana KOVACIC JOSIC, Jelena MIHIC SALAPURA 48 HABITAT CONDITIONS AND USABILITY OF THE HOG TRUFFLE (Choiromyces Meandriformis Vitt.) FOUND IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Srdjan LJUBOJEVIC, Dane MARCETA, Vladimir STUPAR .................................................................................. 49 UPTAKE AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN DURUM WHEAT Mladen ALMALIEV, Galia PANAYOTOVA, Svetla KOSTADINOVA..................................................................... 50 EFFECT OF FERTILIZING SYSTEMS ON THE PHOSPHORUS EFFICIENCY INDICATORS AT DURUM WHEAT Mladen ALMALIEV, Svetla KOSTADINOVA, Galia PANAYOTOVA..................................................................... 51 PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREIGN COMMON WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS (Triticum Aestivum L.) UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF DOBRUDZHA REGION

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Plamen CHAMURLIYSKI, Dobrinka ATANASOVA, Emil PENCHEV .................................................................... 52 EFFECT OF SULFUR AND STABILIZED AMMONIUM NUTRITION ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY WHEAT IN CLAY AND CALCAREOUS SOILS Abdel Khalek SELIM, Safaa MAHMOUD.......................................................................................................... 53 GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG 15 SORGHUM (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) LANDRACES ASSESSED BY AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERS AND RAPD MARKERS Abdelsabour G. A. KHALED, Aml Tag EL-DIN ................................................................................................... 54 QUANTITATIVE AMINO ACID ANALYSIS OF SEEDS FROM COMMON BEAN UNIVERSITY COLLECTION Aiman RYSBEKOVA, Beibitgul ZHUMABAEVA, Saendigul BAISEYITOVA, Zhanna URAZOVA, Erika DZHANGALINA, Quttymurat TAGAEV, Zaure AYTASHEVA .............................................................................. 55 OAT GRAIN YIELD VARIATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PRODUCTIVITY PARAMETERS AMONG OAT CULTIVARS GROWN IN LATVIA Linda BRUNAVA, Ina ALSIŅA, Sanita ZUTE ...................................................................................................... 56 INVESTIGATIONS OF THE VARIABILITY OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS OF ORIENTAL BASMAK TOBACCO Karolina KОCOSKA, Ilija RISTESKI.................................................................................................................... 57 EXAMINATION OF SEEDLINGS QUALITY OF PELARGONIUM X HORTORUM L. H. BAIL. TREATED WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS Margarita DAVITKOVSKA, Gordana POPSIMONOVA, Rukie AGIC, Zvezda BOGEVSKA, Igor ILJOVSKI .............. 58 PHENOLOGIC, BIOMETRIC AND PRODUCTION PARAMETERS IN SOME WHEAT VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN THE REGION OF POLLOG Xhabir ABDULLAI, Elmi JUSUFI, Mentor ZEKIRI................................................................................................ 59 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON VITICULTURE IN POVARDARIE REGION OF MACEDONIA – ASSESMENT AND ADAPTATION Dusko MUKAETOV, Zoran DIMOV, Krum BOSKOV, Ordan CUKALIEV, Emilija POPOSKA ................................. 60 PHYSIOLOGICAL LOSS DURING STORAGE OF SWEET ONION IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Zvezda BOGEVSKA, Rukie AGIC, Gordana POPSIMONOVA, Margarita DAVITKOVSKA, Igor ILJOVSKI .............. 61 ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS AT DIFFERENT TRITICALE VARIETIES IN THE SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FROM SOUTH ROMANIA Viorel ION, Adrian Gheorghe BASA, Lenuta Iuliana EPURE, Marin DUMBRAVA, Niculae DINCA ..................... 62 APPLICATION OF PHOSPHATE GLASS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES Ana M.VUJOSEVIC, Nada S. LAKIC, Jelena D. NIKOLIC, Vladimir D. ZIVANOVIC, Srdjan D. MATIJASEVIC.......... 63 AMPELOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTISTICS OF TWO FORMS OF GRAPEVINE CULTIVAR TRAMINER IN VINEGROWING SUBREGION OF NIŠ Bratislav CIRKOVIC, Dragoljub ZUNIC, Nebojsa DELETIC, Zoran JOVANOVIC, Sasa MATIJASEVIC, Dusica CIRKOVIC ........................................................................................................................................................ 64 EFFECT OF ADDITIONAL FERTILIZING WITH NITROGEN ON FORAGE YIELD IN RED CLOVER-ITALIAN RYEGRASS GRASS-LEGUME MIXTURE Dalibor TOMIC, Vladeta STEVOVIC, Dragan DJUROVIC, Nikola BOKAN, Rade STANISAVLJEVIC, Djordje LAZAREVIC...................................................................................................................................................... 65 EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION AND MULCHING ON YIELD OF EARLY CABBAGE

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Darinka BOGDANOVIC, Zarko ILIN, Ranko CABILOVSKI, Klara MARIJANUSIC, Boris ADAMOVIC ..................... 66 GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF LENGTH OF SPIKE IN BREAD WHEAT GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT RATE OF NITROGEN NUTRITION Desimir KNEZEVIC, Danijela KONDIC, Sretenka MARKOVIC, Dimitrije MARKOVIC, Vlado KOVACEVIC ............ 67 THE EFFECT OF SOIL MULCHING ON THE QUALITY OF THE BULB AND THE YIELD OF DIFFERENT AUTUMN GARLIC GENOTYPES Djordje MORAVCEVIC, Jelica GVOZDANOVIC VARGA, Anamarija STOJANOVIC, Dubravka SAVIC, Damir BEATOVIC, Nenad PAVLOVIC .......................................................................................................................... 68 EVALUATION OF NEW APRICOT CULTIVARS FROM SLOVAK REPUBLIC IN THE REGION OF BELGRADE Dragan MILATOVIC, Dejan DJUROVIC, Gordan ZEC ......................................................................................... 69 THE EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPPLIACATION OF ZINC ON YIELD OF ALFALFA SEED Dragan TERZIC, Savo VUCKOVIC, Aleksandar SIMIC , Rade STANISAVLJEVIC, Sanja VASILJEVIC, Dragoslav DJOKIC, Tanja VASIC ....................................................................................................................................... 70 BIOCLIMATIC MOISTURE CONDITIONS IN THE LOWLANDS OF THE ŠUMADIJA-POMORAVLJE DISTRICT Enike GREGORIC, Gordana MATOVIC, Mirjana RUML, Vesna POCUCA, Nevenka DJUROVIC........................... 71 INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DENSITY ON YIELD OF PEACH AND NECTARINE Gordan ZEC, Slavica SOLIC, Todor VULIC, Dragan MILATOVIC, Boban DJORDJEVIC, Dejan DJUROVIC, Milovan VELICKOVIC....................................................................................................................................... 72 IMPORTANCE OF TWO-CROP ROTATION IN MAIZE WEED CONTROL Igor SPASOJEVIC, Milena SIMIC, Dusan KOVACEVIC, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC, Nebojsa MOMIROVIC, Vesna DRAGICEVIC.................................................................................................................................................... 73 SOYA BEAN BIOMASS PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT WATER REGIME CONDITIONS Jela IKANOVIC, Snezana JANKOVIC, Vera POPOVIC, Gordana KULIC, Sveto RAKIC, Gordana DRAZIC .............. 74 GENOTYPE SPECIFICITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN ZINC AND COOPER ACCUMULATION IN GRAIN Jelena MILIVOJEVIC, Vera DJEKIC, Miodrag JELIC, Ljiljana BOSKOVIC-RAKOCEVIC, Zoran SIMIC, Vesna PERISIC ........................................................................................................................................................... 75 YIELD OF WHEAT IN PSEUDOGLEY IN DEPENDENCE OF FERTILISATION WITH MINERAL FERTILISERS, LIME FERTILISER AND A MANURE Milan BIBERDZIC, Miodrag JELIC, Branislav KNEZEVIC, Sasa BARAC, Dragana LALEVIC .................................... 76 THE EFFECT OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY ON MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF MAIZE INBRED LINE Milan STEVANOVIC, Jovan PAVLOV, Goran STANKOVIC, Zoran CAMDZIJA, Sofija BOZINOVIC, Milos CREVAR, Jelena VANCETOVIC........................................................................................................................................ 77 NITROGEN UTILIZATION OF WINTER WHEAT ON AN ACID SOIL Slavisa STOJKOVIC, Nebojsa DELETIC, Milan BIBERDZIC, Miroljub AKSIC, Dragoljub BEKOVIC, Slavisa GUDZIC78 ASSESSMENT OF THE MAIZE (Zea Mays L.) PERFORMANCE – BASED INDEX IN A LONG–TERM EXPERIMENT . 79 Srdjan SEREMESIC, Dragisa MILOSEV, Ivica DJALOVIC, Aleksandra NASTASIC, Marjana VASILJEVIC ............... 79 EVALUATION OF COMBINING ABILITIES OF ZP INBRED LINES Zoran CAMDZIJA, Milomir FILIPOVIC, Sofija BOZINOVIC, Slaven PORDANOVIC, Snezana MLADENOVIC DRINIC, Milan STEVANOVIC, Jovan PAVLOV ................................................................................................... 80

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PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC EVALUATION OF SOME APPLE SEEDLINGS ROOTSTOCKS TO WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosomalanigerum Hausm) RESISTANCE IN SYRIA. Bayan MUZHER, Ola AL-HALABI...................................................................................................................... 81 THE EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON THE GROWTH OF SOME APPLE SEEDLINGS ROOTSTOCKS Ola AL-HALABI, Bayan MUZHER, Saoud SARBOUKH ....................................................................................... 82 ENHANCEMENT OF NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN PEACH ROOTSTOCK WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PLANT-GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZO-BACTERIA INOCULATION IN NURSERY Hasna GHARBI HAJJI, Mustapha SANAA ......................................................................................................... 83 BREEDING OF LOCAL ALFALFA (Medicago Sativa L.) “GABSSIA” FOR YIELD AND IMPROVING TOLERANCE TO WATER SALINITY AND WINTER DORMANCY IN THE ARID REGIONS OF TUNISIA Mohamed LOUMEREM, Samir TLAHIG, Paolo ANNICCHIARICO, Luciano PECETTI, Manuel Maria Tavares DE SOUSA ............................................................................................................................................................ 84 CRITICAL NITROGEN CURVE FOR TWO POTATO CULTIVARS UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS Amel MAROUANI, Omar BEHI, Ali SAHLI, Faysal BEN JEDDI ............................................................................ 85 CUTTING PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT GRAPE VARIETIES Abdullah SESSİZ, Resat ESGİCİ,Gültekin ÖZDEMİR, Ahmet Konuralp ELİÇİN, F.Göksel PEKİTKAN .................... 86 AN ALTERNATIVE PLANT PROPAGATION AND CONSERVATION PROCESS FOR IRIS PAMPYHLICA AN ENDEMIC AND ENDANGERED GEOPHYTE Ayse Gul NASIRCILAR, Ismail Gokhan DENIZ ................................................................................................... 87 EFFECT OF PLANT VARIETY AND GROWING METHODS ON YIELD AND QUALITY IN SUMMER SQUASH Funda YOLDAŞ................................................................................................................................................ 88 EVALUATION OF HYBRID STOCKS ON VIGOR, YIELD AND QUALITY OF WATERMELON Özlem ALAN, Şafak CEYLAN, Murat ÖZGE....................................................................................................... 89 THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION WATER SALINITIES AND LEACHING RATIOS ON GREEN AND DRY FORAGE YIELDS OF ALFALFA (Medicago Sativa L.) Suzan ALTINOK, Engin YURTSEVEN, Sertan AVCI, Hasan S. ÖZTÜRK, M. Fatih SELENAY .................................. 90 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HAYLAGE LINES ON HAYLAGE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Milan JUGOVIC, Dusan RADIVOJEVIC, Miroslav LALOVIC, Julijana TRIFKOVIC................................................. 91 THE IMPLICATION OF DIFFERENT PRUNING METHODS ON APPLE TRAINING SYSTEMS Nicola DALLABETTA, Flavia FORNO, Luisa MATTEDI, Marco GIORDAN, Ron WEHRENS .................................. 92 THE IMPACT OF OENOLOGICAL MEANS ON TOTAL POLYPHENOLS AND ANTHOCYANINS CONTENT IN VRANAC AND CABERNET SAUVIGNON MONTENEGRIN RED WINES Sanja SUCUR, Vesna MARAS, Vesna KODZULOVIC, Jovana RAICEVIC, Milena MUGOSA, Danka DRAKIC, Tatjana KOSMERL ........................................................................................................................................... 93 EFFECT OF INTEGRATED MINERAL AND ORGANIC NITROGEN APPLICATIONS ON CROP PERFORMANCE Saied WAHBA, El-Saeed SHIBL ........................................................................................................................ 94 HETEROSIS ANALYSIS IN UPLAND COTTON FOR SEEDCOTTON YIELD PER PLANT UNDER DROUGHT STRESS Muhammad HUSSAIN SOOMRO, Ghulam SARWAR MARKHAND, Mushtaque AHMED JATOI......................... 95

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GEORGIAN WINE MARKET WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON FOREIGN TRADE Agnieszka ŁUSZCZYŃSKA ................................................................................................................................ 96 AGROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF APRICOT PRODUCTION IN EARLY YEARS AFTER PLANTING Ivan GLISIC, Tomo MILOSEVIC, Nebojsa MILOSEVIC, Radmila NIKOLIC, Gorica PAUNOVIC ............................. 97 INDIVIDUAL AND JOINT EFFECT OF SOME QUANTITATIVE TRAITS ON GRAIN YIELD OF TRITICALE AND BARLEY Nebojsa DELETIC, Slavisa STOJKOVIC, Slavisa GUDZIC, Miroljub AKSIC ........................................................... 98 YIELD COMPONENTS AND GRAIN YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY Vera DJEKIC, Jelena MILIVOJEVIC, Miodrag JELIC, Snezana BRANKOVIC, Vladimir PERISIC, Vesna PERISIC, Vera POPOVIC ................................................................................................................................................ 99 THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COVER CROPS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SWEET MAIZE Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC, Nebojsa MOMIROVIC, Milena SIMIC, Dusan KOVACEVIC, Snezana OLJACA ................ 100 DETERMINATION OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SOME VARIETY AND POPULATIONS ON FALSE FLAX (Camelina Sativa L. Crantz.) IN TURKEY Büşra YÜCEKAYA AKBULUT, Dilek BAŞALMA ................................................................................................ 101 EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN DOSES ON THE NUTRITIONAL MINERAL CONTENT OF FIELD PEA SEEDS İrfan ÖZER, Ahmet TAMKOÇ, Zhumadilhan KERİMBEK ................................................................................. 102 INFLUENCE OF INDOLE BUTYRIC ACID (IBA) FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROOTING PROFICIENCY IN PUNICA GRANATUM (DEVENDISHE) Edlira KUKALI, Eranda MANE, Hazir POLLOZHANI, Tokli THOMAJ ................................................................. 103 OLIVE IN CORRELATION WITH THE LONGITUDE OF CULTIVATION Hairi ISMAILI, Benard RUCI ........................................................................................................................... 104 ESTABLISHMENT, ENRICHMENT AND DOCUMENTATION OF SOME FRUIT TREE SPECIES Tatjana KOKAJ .............................................................................................................................................. 105 RESPONSIVENESS OF SOFT WHEAT GENOME TO UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Leyla VALIYEVA, Gulshan RAGHIMOVA, Natiga NABIYEVA ........................................................................... 106 PRODUCTION OF PEAR TREES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Branislav ZORIC, Miljan CVETKOVIC ............................................................................................................. 107 PRODUCTION OF SOUR CHERRY AND CHERRY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Ivana KECMAN, Danilo VIDOVIC, Miljan CVETKOVIC .................................................................................... 108 EFFECT OF REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON GROWTH AND WATER REGIME OF POTATO Mirjana MOJEVIC, Slavisa DJORDJEVIC, Zorica JOVANOVIC, Radmila STIKIC ................................................. 109 GENOTYPE SPECIFICITY OF THE ORGANOGENESIS OF FRUIT-BEARING PEAR TREE (II THE ANALYSIS OF TWOYEAR-OLD OUTSPREAD BRANCH) Ljubomir RADOS ........................................................................................................................................... 110 STATE OF POLLUTION FLOODED AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Tihomir PREDIC, Petra NIKIC-NAUTH, Tatajana CVIJANOVIC, Tatajana DOCIC KOJADINOVIC, Bojana RADANOVIC, Duska JOKIC ............................................................................................................................ 111

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YIELD AND YIELD STABILITY IN SOME BULGARIAN WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES (Triticum Aestivum L.) Dobrinka ATANASOVA, Emil PENCHEV, Nikolay TSENOV.............................................................................. 112 MODEL FOR AN INTEGRATED BREEDING ASSESSMENT OF WINTER WHEAT GENOTYPES I. GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY Nikolay TSENOV, Plamen CHAMURLIISKI, Georgi RAYKOV, Elena TSENOVA ................................................. 113 IMPACT OF LIMING WITH FERTDOLOMITE ON GRAIN YIELD OF FIELD CROPS Vlado KOVACEVIC, Mirta RASTIJA, Dario ILJKIC, Monika MARKOVIC, Ivana VARGA ..................................... 114 STRAW AND HEY YIELD MAPPING BY HARVEST Jiří MAŠEK, Milan KROULÍK, Petr NOVÁK...................................................................................................... 115 EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS OF SELECTED SOIL TILLAGE MACHINES FOR LOOSENING SOIL WITHOUT TURNING Petr NOVÁK, Jiří MAŠEK, Jitka KUMHÁLOVÁ ................................................................................................ 116 GROWTH AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION ON WHEAT GROWN ON AN ARID REGION M.S. AWAAD ................................................................................................................................................ 117 EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS AND HELIUM NEON (He-Ne) LASER RAYS ON GROWTH,OIL YIELD AND FATTY ACIDS CONTENTS IN Ricinus Communis Sami A. METWALLY, Sharbat L. MOHAMED, Bedour H. ABOU- LEILA, Mohamed E. ALI ................................ 118 IMPROVEMENT OF NON-QPM LINES THROUGH INTROGRESSION OF QPM GENES IN MAIZE Lekha RAM, Rajesh SINGH ............................................................................................................................ 119 THE EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITIES AND PLANT ORIENTATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN WHEAT CULTIVARS Hava Mirzadeh ABGARMI, Abbas BIABANI, Ali Rahmeni KARIZAKI. Hossein Ali FALAHI, Azarnia ................. 120 A NOVEL METHOD FOR DETERMINING HEALTH STATUS OF GREENHOUSE CROPS USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND FUZZY LOGIC TECHNIQUES Keyvan ASEFPOUR VAKILIAN, Jafar MASSAH................................................................................................ 121 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A ROBOTIC DATE HARVESTING MANIPULATOR Elias RAZZAGHI, Jafar MASSAH, Keyvan ASEFPOUR VAKILIAN ...................................................................... 122 HEAT FLUX FOR THE SOIL SURFACE DARKNESS Jafar MASSAH, Behzad AZADEGAN ............................................................................................................... 123 EXAMINATIONS OF AMPELOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION AND CYTOGENETIC STATUS OF AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPE VARIETY - WHITE WINTER IN R. MACEDONIA Biljana KORUNOSKA, Zvonimir BOZINOVIC, Klime BELESKI, Dusko NEDELKOVSKI ........................................ 124 THE INFLUENCE OF THE GROWTH STAGE AND FERTILIZATION ON THE CONTENTS OF CHLOROPLAST PIGMENTS AND THE YIELD IN ALFALFA Elmi JUSUFI, Mentor ZEKIRI, Xhabir ABDULLAHI ........................................................................................... 125 CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPRANILLO GRAPE VARIETY (Vitis Vinifera L.), GROWN IN TIKVEŠ'S VINEYARD Violeta DIMOVSKA, Zaneta NECEVA, Sanja DURAKOVA, Fidanka ILIEVA, Elena BOGEVA ............................. 126

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THE INFLUENCE OF QUALITY OF PLANTATIONS AND AGRO-TECHNICAL MEASURES ON A YIELD OF LETTUCE (Lactuca Sativa L.) Gavro KALUDJEROVIC, Natasa MIRECKI........................................................................................................ 127 PHENOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAJOR POMEGRANATE (Punica Granatum L.) VARIETIES GROWN IN DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF MONTENEGRO Miroslav CIZMOVIC, Ranko POPOVIC, Ahmed DZUBUR ................................................................................ 128 IMPACT OF APPLYING DIFFERENT PHYTOHORMONES ON ROOTING POTENTIAL OF HARDWOOD CUTTINGS OF ARONIA (Aronia Melanocarpa Michc.) Sandra KOVACEVIC, Ranko POPOVIC, Miroslav CIZMOVIC ........................................................................... 129 STANDARDIZING DISEASE PARAMETER TO ESTIMATE YIELD LOSSES CAUSED BY NORTHERN CORN LEAF BLIGHT FOR EASTERN INDIA Rajesh SINGH, Mufid ALAM, R.P SRIVASTAVA .............................................................................................. 130 STATUS OF DATE PALM CULTIVATION AND PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN Ghulam Sarwar MARKHAND, Mushtaque Ahmed JATOI .............................................................................. 131 INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEM UPON WHEAT YIELD IN SOUTH-EASTERN ROMANIA AREA Doru Ioan MARIN, Teodor RUSU, Costică CIONTU, Mircea MIHALACHE, Leonard ILIE, Ciprian BOLOHAN .... 132 EFFECT OF COVERING ON SWEET CORN GROWING PERIOD AND SOME MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Ferenc OROSZ............................................................................................................................................... 133 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MO FERTILIZERS ON YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEED AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN TWO SOYBEAN (Glycine Max. Merr.) CULTIVARS Bogdan NIKOLIC, Vesna DRAGICEVIC, M. STOJILJKOVIC , H. WAISI, Sanja DJUROVIC, Igor SPASOJEVIC, Milena SIMIC ................................................................................................................................................ 134 INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC BIOSTIMULATORS TO THE QUALITY OF SAGE (Salvia Officinalis L.) NURSERY PLANTS Damir BEATOVIC, Slavica JELACIC, Djordje MORAVCEVIC, Vlade ZARIC ........................................................ 135 EFFICIENCY OF INOCULATION WITH AZOTOBACTER CHROOCOCCUM ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF MAIZE AND SUGARBEET Nastasija MRKOVACKI, Ivica DJALOVIC, Djordje JOCKOVIC, Mirjana JARAK, Dragana BIJELIC ....................... 136 ALUMINIUM TOLERANCE IN PLANTS: GENETIC AND MOLECULAR BASIS Ivica DJALOVIC, Zed RENGEL......................................................................................................................... 137 GRAIN YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND MALTING QUALITY TRAITS OF SPRING BARLEY ON ACIDIC SOILS Milomirka MADIC, Dragan DJUROVIC, Aleksandar PAUNOVIC, Miodrag JELIC, Desimir KNEZEVIC, Branka GOVEDARICA................................................................................................................................................ 138 EFFECT OF SUPPORTING CULTURE AND INOCULANT ON QUALITY OF COMBINED VETCH SILAGES WITH OATS AND ITALIAN RYEGRASS Milomir BLAGOJEVIC, Bora DINIC, Jasmina RADOVIC, Jordan MARKOVIC, Dragan TERZIC............................ 139 THE EFFECT OF DATE AND METHOD OF PLANTING MARSHMALLOW CROPS ON ROOT YIELD AND QUALITY 140 Slobodan DRAZIC, Helena MAJSTOROVIC, Damir BEATOVIC, Jela IKANOVIC, Maja SUDIMAC, Radmila BOJOVIC ....................................................................................................................................................... 140

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VARIABILITY OF PETIOLE AXIAL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SUGAR BEET GENOTYPE Snezana MATIC KEKIC, J. LUKOVIC, D. KARANOVIC, L. ZORIC, D. DANOJEVIC, N. NAGL ................................. 141 EFFECTS OF INTERCROPPING PATTERN AND FERTILIZERS ON WEEDINESS OF RED MAIZE-BLACK SOYABEAN INTERCROPPING SYSTEM Snezana OLJACA, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC, Milena SIMIC, Igor SPASOJEVIC, Vesna DRAGICEVIC, Mico OLJACA . 142 CONSERVATION, TASTING AND UTILISATION OF WILD FRUITS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Milena STANKOVIC, Vasilije ISAJEV, Stefan BOJIC......................................................................................... 143 EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILISING ON YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE INBRED LINES Zdravko HOJKA............................................................................................................................................. 144 VITEX AGNUS CASTUS L. (CHASTE TREE) Akçalı Giachino R. REFIKA, Avcı Ayşe BETÜL ................................................................................................. 145 ADAPTATION OF SOUTH WESTERN ANATOLIAN CLARY SAGE (Salvia Sclarea L.) IN WEST ANATOLIA Ayse Betul AVCI, Refika Akçalı GIACHINO ..................................................................................................... 146 EVALUATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE PROVINCE RIZE REGARDING ITS PLANT PRODUCTION POTENTIAL Yusuf SAVSATLI, Fatih SEYIS ......................................................................................................................... 147 THE EFFECT OF OSMO PRIMING (ZNSO4) ON SEED GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS AND FIELD EMERGENCY ON RICE (Oryza Sativa L.) SEEDS Seydi Ahmet BAGCI, Negar Ebrahim Pour MOKHTARY, Emin DONMEZ ........................................................ 148 STUDY ON COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC PATTERN IN CUCUMBER (Cucumis Sativus L.) Volkan GÖZEN, Abdullah ÜNLÜ .................................................................................................................... 149 SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION IN BALKAN REGION: CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS Yalcin KAYA .................................................................................................................................................. 150 WHEAT VARIETY SPECIFIC AT ONCE PROTECTION OF PARASITES AND PESTS BY PESTICIDES Zoran JERKOVIC, Radivoje JEVTIC, Zeljana PRIJIC, Branka ORBOVIC, Mirjana LALOSEVIC ............................. 151 THE CONTENT OF MICROELEMENTS IN DIFFERRENT GENOTYPE OF ALBANIAN WHEAT Artiona LAZE, Valentina Arapi, Vjollca LULJA, Vladimir MALO, Janja KRISTL ................................................. 152 POMOLOGICAL AND BICHEMICAL CHARACTERIZAION OF OF FIG (Ficus Carica L) GERMPLASM COLLECTED IN HERZEGOVINA Gordana DJURIC, Predrag ILIC, Sanda STANIVUKOVIC, Nikola MICIC, Dijana VEGO, Paulina SARAVANJA, Ana IVANKOVIC ................................................................................................................................................... 153 THE INFLUENSE OF THE CONTAINER CELLS AND SUBSTRATE'S VOLUME ON THE PEPPER NURSERY-PLANT QUALITY (Capsicum Annuum L.) Jelena PLAKALOVIC, Milica VESELINOVIC...................................................................................................... 154 GENETIC VARIATION OF MACRO AND MICROELEMENTS IN GRAIN OF RICE (Oryza Sativa L.) Julijana CVETKOVIC, Trajce STAFILOV, Katerina BACEVA, Hristina POPOSKA, Danica ANDREEVSKA, Dobre ANDOV ......................................................................................................................................................... 155

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QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF BUCKWHEAT Vesna MILIC, Branka GOVEDARICA, Sinisa BERJAN, Igor DJURDJIC, Milovan SARAC ..................................... 156 FABA BEAN SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH UNDER VARIOUS LEVEL OF SALINITY Salem ALGHAMDI......................................................................................................................................... 157 COMPARISON OF YIELD PARAMETERS FOR KABULI CHICKPEA (Cicer Arietinum L.) GENOTYPES WITH THE FERN AND UNIFOLIATE LEAF TYPES Abdulkadir AYDOĞAN, Cemalettin Yaşar ÇİFTÇİ ........................................................................................... 158 SEED GERMINATIONS OF 20 WILD SPECIES GROWING IN ANTALYA (TURKEY) WITH OUTDOOR ORNAMENTAL PLANT POTENTIAL Esin ARI, Ercan GÜRBÜZ, Saadet TUĞRUL AY ................................................................................................ 159 UTILITY OF AFLP AND SSR MARKERS IN A FICUS CARICA CROSS POPULATION (BURSA SIYAHI*AKILEK) Hatice IKTEN, Hilmi KOCATAŞ, Selcan Sevinç SOLAK ..................................................................................... 160 USING OF DORMANT SHOOTS ANALYSIS AT DETERMINATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF APPLE TREES IN EARLY VEGETATION IN APPLE ORCHARDS Kadir UÇGUN, Hüseyin AKGÜL, Mesut ALTINDAL, Bekir İLBAN ..................................................................... 161 DEVELOPMENT OF DRIED FISH ROE AS A NOVEL DIETARY SUPPLEMENT ALTERNATIVE TO FISH OIL CAPSULES Osman Kadir TOPUZ, Tuğçe AYGÜN.............................................................................................................. 162 EFFECT OF PAPRIKA EXTRACTS ADDITION ON PHYSICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF RED CAVIAR Osman Kadir TOPUZ, Tuğçe AYGÜN.............................................................................................................. 163 DETERMINATION OF FORAGE QUALITY COMPONENTS ON LESSER BURNET CULTIVARS UNDER CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL ANATOLIA (TURKEY) Nurdan Sahin DEMIRBAG, Ugur OZKAN, Hayrettin EKIZ ............................................................................... 164 VARIABILITY OF β-GLUCANS CONTENTS IN GRAIN OF BARLEY CULTIVARS Desimir KNEZEVIC, Aleksandra YURIEVNA DRAGOVIC, Novo PRZULJ, Aleksandra SISKINA, Mirjana MENKOVSKA ................................................................................................................................................ 165 CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF SOME BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL AND RHIZOSPHERE FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA L. VR EQUINA AND MINOR) Hamma WASSILA.......................................................................................................................................... 166

2.

PLANT PROTECTION AND FOOD SAFETY ................................................................... 167

IMPACT OF SOIL CALCIFICATION TO THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE INDICATORS OF SAGE Qatip DODA, Nikollaq BARDHI, Bujar ZEKA, Agim RAMETA, Dilaman NELAJ, Nefrus ÇELIKU ........................ 168 TEST OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGAINST DATEMOTH ECTOMYELOIS CERATONIAE ZELLER. (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) BY SPINOSAD Ayoub HADJEB, Med Seghir MEHAOUA, Med. Laid OUAKID......................................................................... 169 DISTRIBUTION MAPPING OF JAPANESE KNOTWEED (Fallopia Japonica (Hout.) Ronse Decre.) IN NORTH WESTERN AREA OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Gordana BABIC, Vojislav TRKULJA ................................................................................................................ 170

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DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLS IN SOME SPICES IN DIFFERENT PACKAGING Zilha ASIMOVIC, Mejrema ZORNIC, Maida VELIC, Selma CORBO, Lejla CENGIC............................................. 171 PESTICIDES AS POLLUTANTS OF ENVIRONMENT AND USE OF BOTANICALS AS AN ALTERNATE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY Meera SRIVASTAVA...................................................................................................................................... 172 ALEUROCANTHUS SPINIFERUS (QUAINTANCE) (HEMIPTERA ALEYRODIDAE) IS SPREADING THROUGHOUT THE ITALIAN REGION APULIA Ahmed EL KENAWY, Daniele CORNARA, Isabella CORRADO, Ahmed EL-HENEIDY, Carmelo RAPISARDA, Francesco PORCELLI...................................................................................................................................... 173 LABORATORY EFFICACY OF NATURAL SUBSTANCES ON PLANOCOCCUS FICUS (SIGN.) AND THEIR IMPACT ON ITS TWO NATURAL ENEMIES Eren TASKIN, Flutura LAMAJ, Vincenzo VERRASTRO, Ferdinando BALDACCHINO ......................................... 174 DETECTION OF CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS IN PLANT TISSUES BY DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF RT-PCR METHOD Anita GAZIVODA, Ana VELIMIROVIC, Vesna MARAS, Jovana RAICEVIC, Vesna KODZULOVIC, Manthos MATHIOUDAKI, Magdalena SHEGANI , Ioannis LIVIERATOS.......................................................................... 175 SURVEY RESULTS OF CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS (CTV) IN CRETE AND DETECTION BY DIRECT IMMUNOPRINTING-ELISA METHOD Anita GAZIVODA, Ana VELIMIROVIC, Vesna MARAS, Jovana RAICEVIC, Sanja SUCUR, Ana PAVICEVIC, Antonia KARAGIANNI, Ioannis LIVIERATOS................................................................................................... 176 THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HONEY AND HONEY WITH ADDED MUSHROOM CORIOLUS VERSICOLOR Jelena PANTOVIC, Pavle MASKOVIC, Miomir NIKSIC, Ninoslav NIKICEVIC .................................................... 177 DYNAMICS OF SOLUBLE PROTEIN CONTENT AND GRAIN YIELD IN MAIZE INBRED LINES INFLUENCED BY FORAMSULFURON Milan BRANKOV, Vesna DRAGICEVIC, Milena SIMIC, Igor SPASOJEVIC ......................................................... 178 WEEDS SEED BANK RICHNESS IN MAIZE FIELD: EFFECTS OF CROP ROTATION AND HERBICIDES Milena SIMIC, Igor SPASOJEVIC, Milan BRANKOV, Vesna DRAGICEVIC ......................................................... 179 EFFECT OF AMBIENT AND SIMULATED CO2 ON THE GROWTH INVASIVE WEED Potentilla Recta L. Khawar JABRAN, Mehmed Nedim DOĞAN, Özkan EREN .............................................................................. 180 NEED FOR INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN FINE GRAINED DRY DIRECT SEEDED RICE Khawar JABRAN, Muhammad FAROOQ, Mubshar HUSSAIN ........................................................................ 181 INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS ON THE GROWTH OF REDROOT PIGWEED (Amaranthus Retroflexus L.) AND JIMSONWEED (Datura Stramonium L.) UNDER DIFFERENT COMPETITION CONDITIONS Selin AKÇAY, Derya Öğüt YAVUZ, Mehmet Nedim DOĞAN, Hüseyin BAŞAL, Aydın ÜNAY, Özhan. BOZ ........ 182 INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CO2 LEVELS ON THE GROWTH AND COMPETITION OF SOME IMPORTANT WEEDS IN WHEAT (Triticum Aestivum L.) Gözde MEŞE, Mehmet Nedim DOĞAN.......................................................................................................... 183 DETERMINATION OF PESTALOTIOPSIS SP. CAUSING DISEASE ON FRUIT CLUSTERS IN HAZELNUT GROWING AREAS OF ORDU, GİRESUN AND TRABZON PROVINCES IN TURKEY Arzu SEZER, Fatma Sara DOLAR .................................................................................................................... 184

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PREDATOR SPECIES DETERMINED ON APHID (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN ŞANLIURFA AND ADIYAMAN PROVİNCES OF TURKEY Selime ÖLMEZ-BAYHAN, Erol BAYHAN, Işıl ÖZDEMİR ................................................................................... 185 RAPESEED FLOWERS WILT CAUSED BY PATHOGENIC FUNGI LEPTOSPHAERIA MACULANS IN SERBIA Petar MITROVIC, Zeljko MILOVAC, Ana MARJANOVIC JEROMELA, Vojislav TRKULJA, Radovan MARINKOVIC, Jelena MIHIC SALAPURA, Sreten TERZIC ....................................................................................................... 186 MYCOPOPULATIONS OF CORIANDER SEEDS Snezana PAVLOVIC, Mira STAROVIC, Milica ACIMOVIC, Goran ALEKSIC, Sasa STOJANOVIC ......................... 187 APHID SPECIES (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) OF SOUTH EASTERN ANATOLIA REGION (TURKEY) AND THEIR HOST PLANTS Erol BAYHAN, Selime ÖLMEZ-BAYHAN, Işıl ÖZDEMİR ................................................................................... 188 DATA ON POSSIBLY DIFFERENT STRAINS OF APMV ISOLATED BY RT-PCR FROM THREE CULTIVARS OF APPLE OF KUKES, ALBANIA Ariola BACU, Stela PAPA, Osman DOCI ......................................................................................................... 189 STUDY OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED OENOLOGICAL YEASTS FOR DIRECTED FERMENTATION Fatbardha LAMÇE, Kristaq SINI..................................................................................................................... 190 DESCRIPTION OF SOME PLANTS PURIFYING STIDIA LAGOON (MOSTAGANEM, ALGERIA) El-Attafia BENHAMIMED, Soraya MOULESSEHOUL....................................................................................... 191 HOW DO SURFACTANTS IMPROVE SPRAY RETENTION BY BARLEY LEAVES? Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA, Fréderic LEBEAU, Mohamed BELHAMRA......................................................... 192 CONTRIBUTION OF SPLASHING DROPS IN SPRAY RETENTION BY BARLEY LEAVES Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA, Mathieu MASSINON, Mohamed BELHAMRA, Fréderic LEBEAU....................... 193 COUPLING SHADOWGRAPHY AND SPECTROFLUOROMETRY TO MEASURE SPRAY RETENTION Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA, Fréderic LEBEAU, Mohamed BELHAMRA......................................................... 194 SPRAY RETENTION VARIABILITY BY BARLEY Hassina Hafida BOUKHALFA, Fréderic LEBEAU, Mohamed BELHAMRA......................................................... 195 EFFICACY OF THE NATIVE LADYBIRD COCCINELLA ALGERICA (KOVAR ) AGAINST APHIS GOSSYPII GLOVER INFESTING SWEET PEPPER CROP Yamina GUENAOUI, Z.E LABDAOUI, I. TEKKOUK ........................................................................................... 196 RISK ESTIMATION AND TEMPORAL FLUCTUATION OF PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS Radouane ZAID, Sid Ahmed SNOUSSI, Zahr Eddine DJAZOULI ...................................................................... 197 IN VITRO COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF TRICHODERMA GENUS FUNGI AGAINST FUSARIUM SPP. Dzmitry VOITKA, Helena YUZEFOVICH .......................................................................................................... 198 INFLUENCE OF SALT AND OSMOTIC STRESS ON GERMINATION OF DIFFERENT WHEAT CULTIVARS Mirjana MOJEVIC, Vesna MILIC, Sladjana PETRONIC, Dejana TESANOVIC, Vesna TUNGUZ, Tanja JAKISIC .... 199

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SPECIES COMPOSITION OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES PRATYLENCHUS SPP. IN CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION OF RASPBERRIES Lilyana KOLEVA, Nikolay YONCHEV .............................................................................................................. 200 DEVELOPMENT AND LIFE TABLE PARAMETERS OF THE CABBAGE APHID AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE M. A. A. ABDEL-RAHMAN, Y. M. OMAR, A. M AWAD, A. H. MOHAMED ....................................................... 201 A VIRULENT RACE OF SPORISORIUM EHRENBERGII VÁNKY ATTACKS SORGHUM IN SOHAG REGIONS OF UPPER EGYPT AND ITS CONTROL WITH SEVERAL PLANT EXTRACTS Moustafa Hemdan Ahmed MOHARAM ........................................................................................................ 202 EFFECT OF ELEMENTAL SULPHUR ON SOLUBILITY OF SOIL NUTRIENTS AND SOIL HEAVY METALS AND THEIR UPTAKE BY MAIZE PLANT M. Mahmoud SAFAA, S.M. KHALED, S. Siam HANAN,................................................................................... 203 STANDARDIZING DISEASE PARAMETER TO ESTIMATE YIELD LOSSES CAUSED BY NORTHERN CORN LEAF BLIGHT IN INDIAN CONDITION Rajesh SINGH, Mufid ALAM, Rp SRIVASTAVA, Lekha RAM ........................................................................... 204 CHANGES IN WEED FLORA IN CEREAL FIELDS IN LATVIA DURING THE PAST 20 YEARS Z. MINTALE, Solveiga MALECKA.................................................................................................................... 205 THE EFFECTS OF SUCROSE AURANTIOGRISEUM

ON

THE

PHYSIOLOGY

AND

TOXINOGENESIS

OF

PENICILLIUM

A BOUHOUDAN,.M KHADDOR...................................................................................................................... 206 MONITORING OF PESTICIDES RESIDUES IN AND ON THE FOOD OF PLANT AND ANIMAL ORIGIN IN MONTENEGRO DURING 2013 Nedeljko LATINOVIC, Milka PETRUSIC, Zorka PRLJEVIC, Jelena LATINOVIC, Danijela SUKOVIC ..................... 207 EFFECTS OF INDOLE BUTYRIC ACID ON RHIZOGENIC PROPERTIES OF MATURE CUTTINGS OF BLUEBERRY (Vaccinium Corymbosum L.) Ranko POPOVIC, Miroslav CIZMOVIC, Goran POPOVIC, Ahmed DZUBUR, Srdjan SOSKIC, Mirko KULINA ..... 208 MICROBIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF APPLES AND SPECIFIC CHARACTER OF CIDER PRODUCTION Damian MAKSIMOWSKI ............................................................................................................................... 209 MONITORING OF THE AGRIOTES SPP. (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) WITH PHEROMONE TRAPS FOR THE SIGNALING PURPOSES Magdalena JAKUBOWSKA ............................................................................................................................ 210 INDIGENOUS PSEUDOMONAS CHLORORAPHIS AFFECTS GROWTH OF ALTERNARIA SP., PHOMA SP. AND DRECHSLERA TETRAMERA FROM ANISE Aleksandra STANOJKOVIC SEBIC, Snezana PAVLOVIC, Mira STAROVIC, Radmila PIVIC, Dobrivoj POSTIC, Zorica LEPSANOVIC, Dragana JOSIC .............................................................................................................. 211 THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT DRYING TECHNIQUES ON CONTENT OF BIOACTIVES IN ARONIA (Aronia Melanocarpa) Ana KALUSEVIC, Nikola DJILAS, Olivera ECIM DJURIC ................................................................................... 212 PHENOLIC COMPONENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN CARROT DAUCUS CAROTA L. Jelena MLADENOVIC, Rados PAVLOVIC, Gordana ACAMOVIC DJOKOVIC, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIC ................. 213

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PHENOLIC COMPONENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN RED AND YELLOW PEPPER Capsicum Annuum L. Jelena MLADENOVIC, Rados PAVLOVIC, Gordana ACAMOVIC DJOKOVIC, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIC ................. 214 TRANS FATTY ACIDS ON SERBIAN MARKET Mira PUCAREVIC, Ivana VASILJEVIC, Natasa STOJIC ...................................................................................... 215 SUPPRESSION OF OAK POWDERY MILDEW THROUGH USE OF BIOFUNGICIDES Miroslava MARKOVIC, Snezana RAJKOVIC, Ljubinko RAKONJAC, Aleksandar LUCIC ..................................... 216 RESISTENCE OF SOME WINTER WHEAT GENOTYPES TO PUCCINIA LEAF RUST Slavisa GUDZIC, Nebojsa DELETIC, Nebojsa GUDZIC, Miroljub AKSIC, Katerina NIKOLIC, Slavisa STOJKOVIC. 217 SOME BUGS IN APPROXIMATION AGRO-BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING DATA BY REGRESSION FUNCTION Snezana MATIC KEKIC, Nebojsa DEDOVIC..................................................................................................... 218 UNDERSTANDING PLANT-MEDIATED INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TWO MAJOR MAIZE PESTS OF EASTERN EUROPE- FROM PHYTOCHEMICAL PATTERNS TO MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS Matthias ERB, Zsolt KÁRPÁTI, Snezana TANASKOVIC ................................................................................... 219 QUALITY OF PESTICIDE APPLICATIONS WITH DIFFERENT NOZZLES IN MAIZE Vladimir VISACKI, A. SEDLAR, R. BUGARIN, J. TURAN, L. PAVLOVIC .............................................................. 220 MUNG BEAN SIZE REDUCTION FOR USING AS SCRUB MATERIAL IN SPA SALT PRODUCT Phanida BUSAPAROEK, Unchalee SANGUANPONG ...................................................................................... 221 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF FUSARIUM CROWN AND ROOT ROT OF TOMATO Khaled HIBAR, M. DAAMI-REMADI............................................................................................................... 222 AGGRESSIVENESS, HOST SPECIFICITY AND FUNGICIDE SENSITIVITY OF RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI STRAINS INFECTING POTATO CROPS IN TUNISIA Naceur DJÉBALI, Salem ELKAHOUI, Wael TAAMALLI, Kamel HESSINI, Belhassen TARHOUNI, Moncef MRABET ....................................................................................................................................................... 223 OLIVE ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA PRODUCES VOLATILE COMPOUNDS INHIBITING POTATO BLACK SCURF DISEASE Salem ELKAHOUI, Naceur DJÉBALI, Najeh YAICH, Rym ESSID, Sana AZAIEZ, Majdi HAMMAMI, Ferid LIMAM224 INVESTIGATIONS ON PREVENTING WHEAT PHYTOTOXICITY DUE TO MISAPPLIED GLYPHOSATE Özhan BOZ, Serap ŞİMŞEK, Bilgen Belkiz ARAT, Dilara KEŞŞAF, Aydin UNAY, Mehmet Nedim DOGAN ......... 225 VIRUS DISEASES OF EDIBLE SEED SQUASH (CUCURBITA PEPO L.) IN KONYA PROVINCE Serkan YEŞİL ................................................................................................................................................. 226 FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTENTION TO PURCHASE SAFE VEGETABLES: A STUDY IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM Tung NGUYEN, Linh LE .................................................................................................................................. 227 EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME RECENTLY BIOACARICIDES AGAINST TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE, ATTACKING BROAD BEAN CROP 2

M. Salwa SHOALLA, M.I.A WAHEEB ............................................................................................................ 228 IDENTIFICATION OF RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI ISOLATES IDENTIFICATION OF RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI ISOLATES FROM SUGAR BEET ROOTS BY ANALYSING THE ITS REGION OF RIBOSOMAL DNA

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Mohsen SALEH ............................................................................................................................................. 229 REACTION OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS TO CHARCOAL ROT DISEASE CAUSED BY MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA, IN VITRO Siamak RAHMANPOUR, H.R. BABAYEE, P. HEMMATTI ................................................................................. 230 PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF SUNFLOWER DOWNY MILDEW CAUSAL AGENT, PLASMOPARA HALSTEDII, IN IRAN S. RAHMANPOUR ......................................................................................................................................... 231 PATHOGENICITY OF DIFFERENT ISOLATES OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA ON SOYBEAN Siamak RAHMANPOUR, P. HEMMATTI, H.R. BABAYEE ................................................................................. 232 WHEAT ROOT ROT DISEASE IN NORTH IRAQ Ali Kareem AL-TAAE, Zaradasht Abdelwahab TAHA...................................................................................... 233 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SEEDS AND ROOTS DISEASE OF EGGPLANTS Nadeem A.RAMADAN, Peris T. AKRAWI ....................................................................................................... 234 NUTRITION LABELLING IN THE FOOD – PRESENT AND FUTURE WAIL ALDABBAGH........................................................................................................................................ 235 USE OF MINOR CEREALS AND SMALL GRAINS IN FISH NUTRITION Goran MARKOVIC, Jelena LUJIC.................................................................................................................... 236 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND FEMALE BODY SIZE OF APHIDIUS TRANSCASPICUS TELENGA (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) Ben Halima Kamel MONIA............................................................................................................................ 237 THE ORIGIN OF THE EMBRYOGENIC MICROSPORE DIVISIONS IN ANTHER CULTURES OF ANEMONE CORONARIA Esin ARI, Saadet BÜYÜKALACA ..................................................................................................................... 238 TRAPPIST CHEESE HISTORY239 Drazenko BUDIMIR....................................................................................................................................... 239 KLILA: A TRADITIONAL ALGERIAN CHEESE ECOSYSTEME MODEL: MICROBIOLOGICAL, PHYSIC-HEMICAL AND SENSORIAL STUDY. Abdelmalek MERIBAI, A. BENSOLTANE......................................................................................................... 240 RESULTS REGARDING THE SCREENING OF DROUGHT RESISTANCE-INDUCED BY PEG 6000 TO SOME ROMANIAN SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES SAUCĂ Florentina, LAZĂR Daniela , LAZĂR Cătălin........................................................................................ 241

3.

ORGANIC AGRICULTURE .................................................................................................. 242

GMOS AND ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: SIX LESSONS FROM AUSTRALIA John PAULL................................................................................................................................................... 243 YIELD AND QUALITY OF BLACKBERRIES (Rubus Fruticosus Agg.) IN ORGANIC PRODUCTION Nada ZAVISIC, Zeljko LAKIC, Milutin MISIMOVIC .......................................................................................... 244 IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT APPROVAL AGES AT SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES ON YIELD AND PLANT HEALTH

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Insa KUEHLING, Sontka NUELLE, Nina BOME, Dieter TRAUTZ ....................................................................... 245 FACTS AND VISIONS ON THE STATUS AND THE FUTURE OF ORGANIC FARMING IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES Ljupcho MIHAJLOV, Vasko ZLATKOVSKI, Olivera BICHIKLISKI ....................................................................... 246 PLANT PROTECTION PRACTISE OF ORGANIC FARMERS IN MACEDONIA AND THE ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN PROVIDING SUPPORT Vasko ZLATKOVSKI, Ljupcho MIHAJLOV, Sasa MITREV ................................................................................. 247 ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE IN POLAND Jadwiga KOTLARZ ......................................................................................................................................... 248 STRUCTURAL CHANGES AT THE POLISH ORGANIC FARMS IN 2005-2010 Wioletta WRZASZCZ; Józef St. ZEGAR ........................................................................................................... 249 ORGANIC OLIVE FARMING AND ITS FUTURE: A CASE STUDY FROM TURKEY Figen CUKUR, Oktay CELİK ............................................................................................................................ 250 NUTRITIONAL CHALLENGES IN ORGANIC LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS OF THE TROPICS AND SUBTROPICS: CASE OF SHEEP PRODUCTION IN IRAN Shahin GHAZIANI.......................................................................................................................................... 251 ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: ORIGINAL CONCEPTS OR MODERN PRACTICES? Shahin GHAZIANI, Hossein MAHMOUDI, Samira SAHAMISHIRAZI................................................................ 252 THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR) IN HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS Peiman ZANDI, Shahram Khademi CHALARAS .............................................................................................. 253 THE ORGANIC MILK PRODUCTION IN POLAND – ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND PROSPECTS OF FURTHER DEVELOPMENT Marcin ŻEKAŁO............................................................................................................................................. 254 EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS ON THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC DURUM WHEAT Sassi KHALED, Bel Hadj Chedli RIM, Abid GHASSEN, Cheikh M’hamed HATEM, Jarrahi TAREK ..................... 255 SUSTAINABILTY OF ORGANIC VERSUS CONVENTIONAL HAZELNUT PRODUCTIONS IN TURKEY Kürşat DEMIRYÜREK, Vedat CEYHAN............................................................................................................ 256 ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: TURKEY AND EUROPE Mehmet Arif ŞAHİNLİ ................................................................................................................................... 257 EFFECTS OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS IN REDUCING FUNGAL CONTAMINATON OF ORGANIC DRIED FIGS DURING STORAGE Özlem DOĞAN, Birgül ERTAN ....................................................................................................................... 258 EFFECTS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) Irfan OZER, Seydi Ahmet BAGCI, Refik UYANOZ ........................................................................................... 259 SCOPE AND AN EXAMPLE OF ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES KÜÇÜK MENDERES BASIN: ÖDEMIŞ Funda YOLDAS.............................................................................................................................................. 260 ORGANIC FARMING FOR HEALTHY PEOPLE, CLEAN ENVIORNMENT AND SAFE FOOD SECURITY

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Pardip Singh SHEHRAWAT ............................................................................................................................ 261 DIVERSIFIED CROPPING PRACTICES TO MITIGATE THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE Pardip Singh SHEHRAWAT ............................................................................................................................ 262 BIOSTIMULANT APPLICATION IN TRANSPLANTS PRODUCTION OF Allium Sativum L. AND WILD ROSES (Rosa Canina L.) Nada PARADJIKOVIC, Monika TKALEC, Svjetlana ZELJKOVIC, Tomislav VINKOVIC ........................................ 263 POSSIBLE AVAILABILITY OF Mg, Fe, Mn AND Zn FROM ORGANICALY PRODUCED MAIZE Vesna DRAGICEVIC, Igor SPASOJEVIC, Milovan STOJILJKOVIC, Milena SIMIC, Milan BRANKOV .................... 264

4.

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ... 265

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER EROSION IN BOVILLA CATCHMENT BASIN AND ITS IMPACTS ON WATER POLLUTION ...................................................................................................................................... 266 Auron MËNERI, Vangjo KOVAÇI, Anjeza KOVAÇI .......................................................................................... 266 ATTITUDES TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL FOREST CONCEPT – CASE STUDY OF TEŠANJ MUNICIPALITY Senka MUTABDZIJA BECIROVIC, Mersudin AVDIBEGOVIC, Bruno MARIC, Ajla MEHMEDOVIC, Amila SELMANAGIC BAJROVIC, Sabina DELIC, Riccardo CASTELLINI, Dzenan BECIROVIC ........................................ 267 THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL MEASUREMENTS ON WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS AT FISHPOND BARDAČA Svjetlana LOLIC, Milan MATAVULJ, Radoslav DEKIC, Aleksandar IVANC, Maja MANOJLOVIC ....................... 268 THE IMPACT OF THE THERMAL POWER PLANT IN GACKO ON LAND DEGRADATION Vesna TUNGUZ, Ljiljana NESIC, Milivoj BELIC, Vladimir CIRIC........................................................................ 269 PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS DEPOSOL IN RECLAMATION AT STANARI COAL MINE Zorica GOLIC, Nenad MALIC, Vera RAICEVIC ................................................................................................. 270 A GIS BASED ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES FOR KARSTIC AREAS OF THE ADRIATIC COASTAL REGION Bosko MILOS, Aleksandra BENSA ................................................................................................................. 271 EVALUATION OF POLLUTING SOURCES AND SELF-CLEANING ABILITY OF WATER FLOW IN RELATION TO LANDUSE Věra HUBAČÍKOVÁ, Petra OPPELTOVÁ, Kateřina ZÁKOUTSKÁ, Veronika PETRÁKOVÁ.................................. 272 CARBON FOOTPRINT OF FARM INPUTS USED IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN ALBANIA Andi MEHMETI, Mladen TODOROVIC ........................................................................................................... 273 NITROGEN ADSORPTION ABILITY IN CLINKER ASH AND UTILIZATION OF NITROGEN−ADSORBED CLINKER ASH TO PROMOTE VEGETATION GROWTH Hiromu OKAZAWA, Tomonori FUJIKAWA ..................................................................................................... 274 EFFECT OF GRASS MULCH ON SOIL PROPERTIES IN TEA PLANTATION Tomonori FUJIKAWA, Takahiko NAKAMURA, Yoshio NAKAMURA ............................................................... 275 THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER REGIME IN DRAINAGE LAND

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Otilija MISECKAITE ....................................................................................................................................... 276 FOREST DEGRADATION AT WINTER RECREATION PLACES Aleksandr ROMANOV, Aleksandr KOCHKIN, Iuliia ROGIZNAYA, Oksana FOTINA .......................................... 277 SOIL EROSION: CAUSES AND EFFECTS WITHIN PERILO SMALL CATCHMENT (WESTERN SERBIA) Gordana SEKULARAC, Miodrag JELIC, Milena DJURIC, Miroljub AKSIC, Tanja JAKISIC ................................... 278 WATER AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF URBISOLS Ljiljana NESIC, Milivoj BELIC, Vladimir CIRIC, Lazar PAVLOVIC, Borivoj PEJIC ................................................ 279 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREST ADMINISTRATION IN SERBIA WITH REGIONAL COUNTRIES Maja SRNDOVIC, Ljiljana KECA, Milica MARCETA ......................................................................................... 280 EVALUATION OF PSEUDOGLEY SOILS QUALITY BASED ON ITS WATER-AIR PROPERTIES Miodrag JELIC, Goran DUGALIC, Jelena MILIVOJEVIC, Aleksandar DIKIC, Gordana SEKULARAC, Aleksandar PAUNOVIC.................................................................................................................................................... 281 CHANGES IN WINE GRAPE YIELD AND COMPOSITION FOR THE REGION OF SREMSKI KARLOVCI Mirjana RUML, Nada KORAC, Mirjam VUJADINOVIC, Ana VUKOVIC, Dragoslav IVANISEVIC......................... 282 CHARACTERISTICS, APPLICABILITY AND INFLUENCE ON ENVIRONMENT OF THE PRODUCT "VESTA AGRI" Natasa B. SARAP, Adriana RADOSAVAC ....................................................................................................... 283 WATER QUALITY OF THE DRINA RIVER AS A SOURCE OF IRRIGATION IN AGRICULTURE Radmila PIVIC, Dragana JOSIC, Zoran DINIC, Zeljko DZELETOVIC, Jelena MAKSIMOVIC, Aleksandra STANOJKOVIC SEBIC ..................................................................................................................................... 284 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS OF SUB-NATIONAL AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN Farhad ZULFIQAR, Gopal B. THAPA............................................................................................................... 285 POTANTIAL OF BIOGAS FROM ANIMAL WASTES OF TURKEY AND DETERMINATION OF SUITABLE REACTOR SIZE Ahmet Konuralp ELİÇİN, Mustafa GEZİCİ, Muhittin TUTKUN, Halit Deniz ŞİRELİ, Ferhat ÖZTÜRK, Müge KOSER ELİÇİN, Recai GÜRHAN ...................................................................................................................... 286 SOME PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DATE FRUIT VARIETIES Fahad Y. AL JUHAIMI, Mehmet Musa ÖZCAN, Kashif GHAFOOR ................................................................... 287 TOXICITY OF LEAD-ACETATE ON EXPERIMENTAL RATS INFECTED WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI Maja MANOJLOVIC, Radoslav DEKIC, Svjetlana LOLIC, Aleksandar IVANC, Ivica RADOVIC ............................ 288 EFFECTS OF DROUGHT ON OPTIMIZING NITROGEN USE OF WINTER WHEAT IN A SEMI ARID REGION Oner CETIN, Cuma AKINCI ............................................................................................................................ 289 IMPACT OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE CONDUCT OF STEPPE’S SHEEP BREEDING. CASE OF THE TOWNSHIP OF HADJ MECHRI (W LAGHOUAT). ALGERIA. Mouhous AZZEDINE, R HAMMOUDA............................................................................................................ 290 DETERMINING THE POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARK SUTJESKA

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

AND

ENVIRONMENTAL

Aleksandar SOBOT, Diana BILIC SOBOT ........................................................................................................ 291 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

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Zarko RISTIC, Kristijan RISTIC........................................................................................................................ 292 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN LANDSCAPE - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN URBAN GREEN AREAS Darija PERKOVIC........................................................................................................................................... 293 ASSESSMENT OF THE LAND SUITABILITY FOR PLUMS AND PEARS GROWING Mario SRAKA, Stjepan HUSNJAK, Doroteja VAROVIC.................................................................................... 294 MONITORING OF MACROPHYTE FLORA IN THE KOPAČKI RIT NATURE PARK (CROATIAN DANUBE REGION) Sinisa OZIMEC, Tihomir FLORIJANCIC, Ivica BOSKOVIC, Vlatko ROZAC ......................................................... 295 EVALUATION OF POLLUTING SOURCES AND SELF-CLEANING ABILITY OF WATER FLOW IN RELATION TO LANDUSE Věra HUBAČÍKOVÁ, Kateřina ZÁKOUTSKÁ, Veronika PETRÁKOVÁ, Petra OPPELTOVÁ.................................. 296 OCCURRENCE AND POSSIBLE FATE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE RESIDUES AT MANZALA LAKE IN EGYPT Essam KAMEL, Saad MOUSSA, Abonorag M.A., Muhsin KONUK................................................................... 297 SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA’S FOREST LAW (IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK) Sri Wahyuni BINTI KADIR.............................................................................................................................. 298 CALCULATION OF SEDIMENT YIELD IN THE S1-1 WATERSHED, SHIRINDAREH WATERSHED, IRAN Morteza BEHZADFAR, Alberto TAZIOLI, Marija VUKELIC SHUTOSKA, Ivan SIMUNIC, Velibor SPALEVIC ........ 299 LAND DEGRADATION, AGRICULTURE PRODUCTIVITY AND FOOD SECURITY Atef HAMDY, Adil ALY .................................................................................................................................. 300 THE SNOW CLIMATOLOGY OF THE APENNINES IN THE LAST THREE DECADES Massimiliano FAZZINI, Paolo BILLI, Vincenzo ROMEO................................................................................... 301 THE ROE DEER CLASSIFICATION TO ECOTYPES IN MOSAIC LANDSCAPE OF LITHUANIA Gintare NARAUSKAITE, Darius DANUSEVICIUS, Kestutis PETELIS, Gediminas BRAZAITIS, Renata ŠPINKYTĖBAČKAITIENĖ, Jolanta STANKEVICIUTE, Kastytis SIMKEVICIUS...................................................................... 302 THE AGE STRUCTURE OF THE MARTENS (MARTES L.) POPULATION IN THE IN LITHUANIAN MIXEDDECIDUOUS FOREST Jolanta STANKEVIČIŪTĖ, Kęstutis PĖTELIS, Gediminas BRAZAITIS, Giedrius ŠIDLAUSKAS, Gintarė NARAUSKAITĖ .............................................................................................................................................. 303 SPREAD OF INVASIVE HERACLEUM SOSNOWSKYI IN AGROENVIRONMENT L. BALEŽENTIENĖ .......................................................................................................................................... 304 WOLF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, DEPREDATION ON LIVESTOCK AND HARVEST IN LITHUANIA, 2009-2013 Renata ŠPINKYTĖ-BAČKAITIENĖ, Kastytis ŠIMKEVIČIUS, Gediminas BRAZAITIS, Kęstutis PĖTELIS, Gintarė NARAUSKAITĖ, Jolanta STANKEVIČIŪTĖ ....................................................................................................... 305 THE CONTENT OF AMMONIA AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN THE WATERS OF SOME RIVERS OF KUMANOVO ROUND VALLEY Mentor ZEKIRI, Elmi JUSUFI, Xhabir ABDULAHI, Fikret AJDINI....................................................................... 306 ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION IN THE LIPNICA WATERSHED, POLIMLJE, MONTENEGRO

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Velibor SPALEVIC, Alberto TAZIOLI, Vojislav DJEKOVIC, Aleksandar ANDJELKOVIC, Nevenka DJUROVIC ...... 307 CALCULATION OF SOIL EROSION INTENSITY IN THE BOSNJAK WATERSHED, POLIMLJE RIVER BASIN, MONTENEGRO Velibor SPALEVIC, Johannes HÜBL, Hubert HASENAUER, Milic CUROVIC...................................................... 308 SOIL EROSION IN THE ZIM POTOK WATERSHED, POLIMLJE RIVER BASIN, MONTENEGRO Velibor SPALEVIC, Milic CUROVIC, Paolo BILLI, Massimiliano FAZZINI, Amaury FRANKL, Jan NYSSEN........... 309 THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PURPOSES IN POLAND Stanisław BIELSKI ......................................................................................................................................... 310 MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR EVALUATION OF PORTUGUESE HAZELNUT LANDRACES Sandra MARTINS, Fernanda SIMÕES, Diogo MENDONÇA, José MATOS, Ana Paula SILVA, Valdemar CARNIDE....................................................................................................................................................... 311 ASSESSING PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF CUCURBITA PORTUGUESE GERMPLASM Sandra MARTINS, Carlos RIBEIRO DE CARVALHO, Valdemar CARNIDE312 PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THREE SPECIES OF CUCURBITA SPP. FROM PORTUGAL EVALUATED BY SSR MARKERS Sandra MARTINS, Olinda PINTO CARNIDE, Valdemar CARNIDE .................................................................... 313 ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPACITY SUPPORTABILITY DEGREE OF SURFACE WATER IN ROMANIA. CASE STUDY Elena HOLBAN, György DEÁK, Simona Natalia RAISCHI, Simona Georgiana TĂNASE, Tiberius DĂNĂLACHE, Andreea Ioana DĂESCU, Vasilica DĂESCU ..................................................................................................... 314 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PRODUCED BY THE FUNCTIONING OF AN OBJECTIVE FROM PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY Elena HOLBAN, Aurelia MEGHEA, Andreea Ioana DĂESCU, György DEÁK, Vasilica DĂESCU.......................... 315 VALORIFICATION OF TREATED WASTEWATER BY A MOBILE TREATMENT FACILITY IN AGRICULTURE Vasilica DĂESCU, György DEÁK, Andreea Ioana DĂESCU, Elena HOLBAN, Georgiana Simona TĂNASE.......... 316 COLLOIDAL FRACTION AND CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY IN SOME SOILS OF VOJVODINA Ljiljana NESIC, Milivoj BELIC, Vladimir CIRIC, Jovica VASIN, Jovana GLIGORIJEVIC, Petar SEKULIC ................ 317 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BURLEY TOBACCO STALKS COMBUSTION Gordana KULIC, Vesna RADOJICIC, Olivera ECIM DJURIC, Maja MALNAR, Ivan MIJAILOVIC.......................... 318 FOLIAR INJURY OF OZONE – LEVEL II – MONITORING PLOT Snezana RAJKOVIC,Miroslava MARKOVIC, Radoslav RAJKOVIC, Dragan MITIC, Ljubinko RAKONJAC, Aleksandar LUCIC ......................................................................................................................................... 319 VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICALS - A HIDDEN THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANS Primož ZIDAR, Suzana ŽIŽEK ......................................................................................................................... 320 DEGRADATION OF THE VETERINARY IONOPHORE ANTIBIOTIC MONENSIN ON AGRICULTURAL SOIL Suzana ŽIŽEK, Matej VIDRIH, Primož ZIDAR, Silvestra KOBAL ....................................................................... 321 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY OF STOCKPILED SOILS AND UNMINED AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN RELATION TO SOIL FERTILITY Nomfundo Verah SIBIYA, R. ADELEKE, K. SURRIDGE-TALBOT, C. NWANGBURUKA ....................................... 322

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POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF EU GHG MITIGATION POLICY ON WESTERN BALKAN AGRICULTURAL MARKETS Guna SALPUTRA, Benjamin VAN DOORSLAER, Thomas FELLMANN, Heinz-Peter WITZKE, Franz WEISS, Torbjörn JANSSON, Dusan DRABIK, Adrian LEIP ........................................................................................... 323 STUDY OF THE MOUNTAIN WATER RESERVOIRS IMPACT ON THE AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS Parviz NORMATOV, Abulqosim MUMINOV, Inom NORMATOV .................................................................... 324 EFFECTS OF DRYING METHODS ON UTILIZATION OF DIETARY FIBER FROM PINEAPPLE WASTES Lalita SIRIWATTANANON ............................................................................................................................. 325 IMPACT OF LAND-USE PRACTICES ON WATERSHED HYDROLOGY IN HUAI MANAI SUB-WATERSHED, PHRAE PROVINCE, THAILAND Warakorn SUDJARIT, Somnimirt PUKNGAM, Nipon THANGTAM.................................................................. 326 EFFECTS OF COPPER MINING WASTES (PYRITE AND SILICA) APPLICATIONS ON IMPROVEMENTS OF ALKALINE SOIL CHARACTERISTICS Resul TIRASCI, Gulsen TOZSIN, Taskin OZTAS ............................................................................................... 327 THE FIRST RECORD OF THE INVASIVE Impatiens Glandulifera Royle (HIMALAYAN BALSAM) IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Zvonko PACANOSKI, Alirami SALIJI ............................................................................................................... 328 CLIMATE CHANGES AND EXTREME PHENOMENA: SYMBIOTIC ACTION OF CLIMATE AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE CASE OF DROUGHT IN ALGERIA N. HASSINI, B. ABDERRAHMANI; A. DOBBI ................................................................................................... 329 DROUGHT ANALYSIS USING THE REGIONAL DROUGHT IDENTIFICATION MODULE: A CASE STUDY OF THE VALLEY OF SENEGAL RIVER IN SOUTHERN MAURITANIA DIA AMADOU ............................................................................................................................................... 330 AKCAKOCA DISTRICT COASTAL LAND USE - ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION ANALYSIS Rıfat Koray GÖKHAN, Gumus Funda GÖKÇE, Burak KAAN YILMAZSOY, Ayşegül TANRIVERDİ KAYA ............. 331 RESEARCHES AND POLICIES CONDUCTED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN TURKEY Songül GÜRSOY*, Songül AKIN ..................................................................................................................... 332 SOME EXPERIENCES FROM THE WORLD IN THE USE OF COVER CROPS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE REGION Dragana DRAZIC, Ljubinko JOVANOVIC, Srdjan BOJOVIC, Milorad VESELINOVIC, Nevena CULE, Suzana MITROVIC..................................................................................................................................................... 333 EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON Pimpinella Anisum L. IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN SERBIA Milica ACIMOVIC, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC, Snezana OLJACA, Dusan KOVACEVIC, Mico OLJACA ....................... 334 PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOYBEAN IN AGROECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SREMSKA MITROVICA, SERBIA Vera POPOVIC, Jegor MILADINOVIC, Milos VIDIC, Jela IKANOVIC, Vera DJEKIC, Vladimir FILIPOVIC, Ljubisa ZIVANOVIC, Lazar COBANOVIC ..................................................................................................................... 335 APPLICATION OF LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (LFEV) AND BIOLOGICAL INPUTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOYBEAN

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Vojin DJUKIC, Marija CVIJANOVIC, Jelena MARINKOVIC, Gorica CVIJANOVIC, Gordana DOZET, Zlatica MILADINOV .................................................................................................................................................. 336 ISOLATED AND IDENTIFIED A CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE LEAVES EXTRACT OF WARIONIA SAHARAE FROM ALGERIAN WESTERN SOUTH .............................................................................................................. 337 Mimouna YAKOUBI, Nacer BELBOUKHARI, Abdelkarim CHERITI, Mohamed BOUCHKARA ........................... 337 RESPONSE OF PEA PLANTS (Pisum Sativum L.) TO PHOSPHORUS LEVEL AND HUMICACID LEVEL Hala KANDIL ................................................................................................................................................. 338 INFLUENCE OF FARMING SISTEM, NITROGEN RATES AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS TO NAKED OAT IN LATVIA Sanita ZUTE, Linda BRUNAVA, Inga JANSONE, Ylle TAMM............................................................................ 339 INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF BLACK SCURF OF POTATO IN TUNISIA Naceur DJÉBALI, Salem ELKAHOUI, B. TARHOUNI, M. MRABET .................................................................... 340 RELATION OF FRUITING IN SUPERIOR GRAPEVINES WITH SPRAYING SULPHUR, MAGNESIUM , ZINC AND BORON Mustafa H. Abd El- Wahab HASHEM............................................................................................................. 341 PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF SOME ELICITED APPLE GENOTYPES CANDIDATE AS CULTIVARS USING MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS Bayan MUZHER, Ola Al HALABI..................................................................................................................... 342 FLASH FLOODS IN THE NORTHERN APENNINES: CLIMATE CHANGE OR HUMAN IMPACT? Paolo BILLI, Massimiliano FAZZINI ................................................................................................................ 343 ECOCLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BANJA LUKA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA) FOR THE PERIOD 19612009 Aleksandar SOBOT, Diana BILIC SOBOT ........................................................................................................ 344 DETERMING THE INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARK SUTJESKA Aleksandar SOBOT, Diana BILIC SOBOT ........................................................................................................ 345

5.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ........................................................................................................ 346

QUALITY OF PORK CARCASS ON THE SLAUGHTER LINE IN MINI SLAUGHTERHOUSES Diana BILIC SOBOT, Aleksandar SOBOT ........................................................................................................ 347 COURSE DELIVERY (PARTURITION) COWS ON THE BEEF FARM „GRCIC“ IN THE EXTENSIVE FARMING Duska SLIJEPAC............................................................................................................................................. 348 QUALITY OF CHICKEN MEAT FROM CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION Tatjana PANDUREVIC, Sreten MITROVIC, Bojana RISTANOVIC ..................................................................... 349 PRECISION BEEKEEPING (PRECISION APICULTURE): RESEARCH NEEDS AND STATUS IN LATVIA Aleksejs ZACEPINS, Valters BRUSBARDIS ...................................................................................................... 350 LATVIAN BROWN LOCAL BREED AND OTHER BREED COWS MILK YIELD, COMPOSITION AND DRY MATTER INTAKE ANALYZE Solvita PETROVSKA, Daina JONKUS .............................................................................................................. 351 EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS ON THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF FATTENING CHICKENS

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Izeta OMEROVIC, Bozidar MILOSEVIC, Zvonko SPASIC, Gorica CVIJANOVIC, Dragan CIRKOVIC ..................... 352 MACROELEMENTS IN RED CLOVER (Trifolium Pratense L.) RELATIVE TO COW REQUIREMENTS Jordan MARKOVIC, Bora DINIC, Dragan TERZIC, Snezana ANDJELKOVIC, Jasmina MILENKOVIC, Milomir BLAGOJEVIC, Biljana CELJAJ .......................................................................................................................... 353 EVALUATION OF METABOLIC STATUS IN DAIRY COWS DURING TRANSITION PERIOD Radojica DJOKOVIC, Marko CINCOVIC, Vladimir KURCUBIC, Zoran ILIC, Milun PETROVIC, Miroslav LALOVIC, Boban JASOVIC............................................................................................................................................. 354 THE EFFECT OF GENOTYPE AND THE NUMBER OF FARROWING ON SOW FERTILITY TRAITS Milovan PUSIC, Robert RADISIC, Nikola POPOVIC, Radmila BESKOROVAJNI, Natasa TOLIMIR...................... 355 THE MECHANIZATION PROPERTIES OF CATTLE FARMS IN DİYARBAKIR PROVINCE, TURKEY Abdullah SESSİZ, Muzaffer DENLİ, Muhittin TUTKUN.................................................................................... 356 THE LIVESTOCK SITUATION OF TURKEY Muhittin TUTKUN, Ali Murat TATAR, Halit Deniz ŞİRELİ ................................................................................ 357 EFFECT OF FEEDING TRITICALE ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS Vera DJEKIC, Sreten MITROVIC, Vera RADOVIC, Sasa OBRADOVIC, Tatjana PANDUREVIC, Vladan DJERMANOVIC, Marko MITROVIC ................................................................................................................ 358 INTEREST OF INDUCING ACCESSORY CORPUS LUTEUM IN THE DAIRY COW Mohamed BESBACI, KAIDI R., M. MEBARKI .................................................................................................. 359 THE REPEAT BREEDING: IMPACT OF THE ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND FEEDING ON THE PREVALENCE OF THIS SYNDROME Mira-Rima HADDOUM, Samir SOUAMES, Chahrazed GHERBI, Safia ZENIA ................................................... 360 THE USE OF BEAN SEEDS (Vicia Faba) IN RABBIT DIET Mokrane BERCHICHE, Sofiane AMIR............................................................................................................. 361 MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SULLA FLEXUOSA (Hedysarum Flexuosum) IN TIZI-OUZOU AREA, ALGERIA: PRELIMINARY EVALUATION Si Ammar KADI, Fazia BELMIHOUB, Azeddine MOUHOUS, Mokrane BERCHICHE, Farid DJELLAL .................. 362 ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION THE BEES Duska SLIJEPAC, Mica MLADENOVIC, Janja FILIPI ......................................................................................... 363 ORGANIC MILK INGREDIENTS AND THEIR RATIO AS AN INDICATOR OF ENERGY STATUS OF COWS WITH DIFFERENT MILK PRODUCTION DURING THE FIRST 100 DAYS OF LACTATION Julijana TRIFKOVIC, Djordje SAVIC, Stoja JOTANOVIC, Marinko VEKIC.......................................................... 364 MONITORING QUALITY OF HAY ON FARMS FOR MILK PRODUCTION IN NORTHERN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Midhat GLAVIC, Aleksandra BUDISA, Senad OSMANAGIC, Amir ZENUNOVIC, Amir HASIC, Jasmin BRNJAK . 365 EFFECTS OF QUANTITY OF MEALS AND FREQUENCY OF FEEDING ON COMPENSATORY GROWTH OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Wal.) FRY Veselko DJOGATOVIC, Aleksandar MARIC, Nebojsa SAVIC ........................................................................... 366 COMPARISON OF MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GOLDEN JACKAL FROM EASTERN CROATIA AND EASTERN SERBIA

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Ivica BOSKOVIC, Tihomir FLORIJANCIC, Marcela SPERANDA, Nikica SPREM, Sinisa OZIMEC, Drazen DEGMECIC, Milic CUROVIC ........................................................................................................................... 367 COMPARISION OF PROXIMATE INDICES IN SILVER CARP (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) AND BIGHEAD CARP (Aristichthys Nobilis) Majid TAGHIOF, Mohammad Reza GHOMI................................................................................................... 368 SPECIFICITY IN THE PROCESSING OF LAMB MEAT TO THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THIRD COUNTRIES Mitre STOJANOVSKI, Elena JOSHEVSKA, Belkize RAKIPI SPAHIJA, Gordana DIMITROVSKA, Katerina BOJKOVSKA .................................................................................................................................................. 369 MYCOPLASMA BOVIS AS THE CAUSE OF INFECTIONS IN CATTLE Branka VIDIC, Stanko BOBOS, Sara SAVIC, Zivoslav GRGIC, Vaso VIDIC ........................................................ 370 QUALITY OF MILK AND WHEY OBTAINED DURING THE PRODUCTION OF SJENICA CHEESE AND A TYPE OF SJENICA CHEESE Zeljko SAVIC, Ognjen MACEJ, Milinko MILINKOVIC....................................................................................... 371 THE ANALYSIS OF BIOSECURITY IN POULTRY ENTERPRISES IN DIYARBAKIR PROVINCE Dilek ŞENTURK DEMİREL, Songül AKIN, Ramazan DEMİREL .......................................................................... 372 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONS CAUSED BY MANURE AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS Halit Deniz ŞİRELİ, Muhittin TUTKUN, Ali Murat TATAR, Nihat TEKEL, Ahmet Konuralp ELİÇİN, Müge ELİÇİN373 THE EFFECT ON FATTENING AND CARCASS TRAITS OF ENZYME ADDITION IN BROILER RATION WHICH WAS SUBSTITUTED TRITICALE INSTEAD OF MAIZE Hüsrev DEMIRULUS, Ahmet AYDIN, Suphi DENIZ ......................................................................................... 374 THE STRUCTURAL SITUATION AND FEEDING PRACTICES IN DAIRY COWS FARMS IN DIYARBAKIR PROVINCE375 Muzaffer DENLİ, Abdullah SESSİZ, Muhittin TUTKUN.................................................................................... 375 EXAMINATION OF CERTAIN PARAMETERS AFFECTING DAIRY COWS WELFARE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Vanja JOVOVIC, Biljana ROGIC, Bozo VAZIC, Knut Egil BØE, Lars Erik RUUD, Aleksandar MARIC, Miljan ERBEZ ........................................................................................................................................................... 376 CAMEL WRESTLING ECONOMY IN MODERN TURKEY Orhan YILMAZ, Yakup Erdal ERTÜRK, Füsun COŞKUN, Mehmet ERTUĞRUL .................................................. 377 USING LIVESTOCK GUARDIAN DOGS IN BALKANS Orhan YILMAZ, Yakup Erdal ERTÜRK, Füsun COŞKUN, Mehmet ERTUĞRUL .................................................. 378 BRUCELLOSIS IN REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES Sanela TODIC, Aleksandar SOBOT................................................................................................................. 379 DESIGN BIOSECURITY LEVELS FOR SHRIMP BREEDING PROGRAMS IN EGYPT Mohamed E. MEGAHED................................................................................................................................ 380 PRODUCTION AND QUALITY PROPERTIES OF GOAT MILK IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Gordana DIMITROVSKA, Nikola PACINOVSKI, Elena JOSHEVSKA, Katerina BOJKOVSKA, Dzulijana TOMOVSKA .................................................................................................................................................. 381

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LENGTH–WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS OF 13 FISH SPECIES FROM THE GULF OF ANTALYA (NORTH–EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA, TURKEY) Yaşar ÖZVAROL, Mehmet GÖKOĞLU, Hande KAZANCI382 THE EFFECTS OF TRITICALE REPLACEMENT IN MAIZE BASED BROILER DIETS WITHOUT ENZYMES SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS Eyup BAŞER .................................................................................................................................................. 383 REARING OF KANGAL AKKARAMAN LAMBS WITH CREEP FEEDING OR TRADITIONAL FEEDING METHOD DURING THE SUCKLING PERIOD İbrahim HALICI, Behiç COŞKUN, Ahmet Hamdi AKTAŞ, Yusuf Ziya OĞRAK, Esat Sami POLAT, Necip KILIÇ .... 384

6.

RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGROECONOMY .......................................................... 385

AGRICULTURE AROUND PROTECTED AREAS IN ALBANIA – CHANGING POLICY Majlinda ÇAKALLI ......................................................................................................................................... 386 ASSESSMENT OF SEDENTARY AND MOBILE PASTORALISM DYNAMICS IN THE REGION OF DIFFA (NIGER) Laouali ABDOULKADRI, Yamba BOUBACAR, Philippe LEBAILLY .................................................................... 387 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FULANI’S HOUSEHOLDS IN NORTHEASTERN BENIN Roukayath CHABI TOKO, Anselme ADEGBIDI, Philippe LEBAILLY .................................................................. 388 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CLIMATE INFORMATION IN SAHEL: CASE OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN BURKINA FASO Beteo ZONGO, Abdoulaye DIARRA, Bruno BARBIER, Malicki ZOROM, Hamma YACOUBA, Thomas DOGOT . 389 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF WOMEN CASSAVA PRODUCERS IN BITYILI (SOUTH-CAMEROON) AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR GENDER ROLES Crescence MOMA, Chimène MFOUMOU, Marie ZIBI, Philippe LEBAILLY ...................................................... 390 COOPERATIVE ORGANIZATION AS A FACTOR OF COMPETITIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY IN CROATIAN AGRICULTURE Aleksandar NEDANOV, Djurdjica ZUTINIC..................................................................................................... 391 LANDSCAPE CHANGE IN MENTAL IMAGE OF ITS RESIDENTS Helena LINCOVÁ, Hana VAVROUCHOVÁ, Milada ŠŤASTNÁ, Antonín VAISHAR, Miloslava ŠEVELOVÁ, Silvie KOZLOVSKÁ, Veronika DOSKOČILOVÁ, Tomáš MAŠÍČEK............................................................................... 392 ORGANIC MEAT CONSUMERS AND THEIR AWARNESS OF ANIMAL WELFARE AS REFLECTED BY PURCHASE PREFERENCES Karolína CAKLOVÁ, Zbyněk ULČÁK ............................................................................................................... 393 ORGANIC BOX SCHEMES – FASHION OR DOWNSHIFTING? Jana UNČOVSKÁ, Zbyněk ULČÁK* ................................................................................................................. 394 AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY AND MARKETING OF CHAMOMILE CROP UNDER ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS IN EGYPT Khaled El Sayed Abd EL-MOWLA MOHAMED, Atef Abd EL AZIZ HASSAN RAGAB ......................................... 395 ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF THE APPLE INVESTMENT AND GROWING SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Marija GJOSHEVA KOVACHEVIKJ, Lazo DIMITROV ........................................................................................ 396

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RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHEAST PLANNING REGION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP Tosho KOSTADINOV, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Vesna LEVKOV, Eljmi JUSUFI, Konstantin MINOSKI.................... 397 RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE VARDAR PLANNING REGION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP Tosho KOSTADINOV, Vesna LEVKOV, Elmi JUSUFI, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Konstantin MINOSKI..................... 398 CONDITIONS UNDERLYING THE INSTITUTION OF FARMLAND LEASE IN POLAND IN 1992-2012 Renata MARKS BIELSKA................................................................................................................................ 399 KOŁOCZ ŚLĄSKI – THE INCREASE IN PRODUCTION GROWTH DUE TO PRODUCT CERTIFICATION Szymon GODYLA........................................................................................................................................... 400 THE MAIN TENDENCIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN AGRARIAN SECTOR AND THE EFFECT OF STATE POLICY ON INVESTMENT SPHERE IN AGRICULTURE Marina S. IURKOVA, E.V. SADOVNIKOVA ..................................................................................................... 401 INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS OF RURAL TERRITTORIES Marina MOREKHANOVA .............................................................................................................................. 402 MODELING AND FORECASTING THE NUMBER OF THE EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE IN RUSSIA UNTIL 2020 Tatiana BLINOVA, Svetlana BYLINA, Viktor RUSANOVSKIY ........................................................................... 403 AGRICULTURE AND TOURISM IN SERBIA Branislav GULAN .......................................................................................................................................... 404 ECOLOGICAL CLUSTERS IN TERMS OF THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Branko MIHAILOVIC, Drago CVIJANOVIC, Gorica CVIJANOVIC ...................................................................... 405 PROFITABILITY OF HAZELNUTS PRODUCTION IN SERBIAN ENCLAVES IN KOSOVO Goran MAKSIMOVIC, Radomir JOVANOVIC, Slavka MITROVIC, Tatjana IVANOVIC....................................... 406 FINANCING THE DAIRY SECTOR IN RURAL AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA: PEŠTER REGION EXAMPLE Mersida JANDRIC, Zorica VASILJEVIC, Vlado KOVACEVIC .............................................................................. 407 ECONOMIC PROFITABILITY OF MILK PRODUCTION AND POSSIBILITY OF ORGANIC SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ON PEŠTER REGION FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT CAUSE Mersida JANDRIC, Dragic ZIVKOVIC, Sreten JELIC, Zoran RAJIC ..................................................................... 408 DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD AND REGIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT Sreten JELIC, Mersida JANDRIC, Dragic ZIVKOVIC, Zoran MILOVANCEVIC ..................................................... 409 PREDICTIONS OF TOMATO PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS IN SERBIA Gora MILJANOVIC, Beba MUTAVDZIC, Nebojsa NOVKOVIC, Miljojko JANOSEVIC......................................... 410 POTATO PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS – COMPERATIVE ANALYSIS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES AND SERBIA Nebojsa NOVKOVIC, Beba MUTAVDZIC, Miljojko JANOSEVIC, Gora MILJANOVIC......................................... 411 WINE TOURISM AS A FACTOR OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF FRUŠKA GORA (VOJVODINA PROVINCE) Radovan PEJANOVIC, Sanja DJUKIC, Dunja DEMIROVIC, Adriana RADOSAVAC............................................. 412

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CHARACTERISTICS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN FISH PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD Rasko STEFANOVIC, Sasa OBRADOVIC, Branislav SARCEVIC, Branislav PETRUJKIC, Milan KOSTIC ................ 413 ASSOCIATIONS AND COOPERATIVES AS DEVELOPMENT FACTORS IN REVITALIZATION OF VILLAGES Rasko STEFANOVIC, Branislav SARCEVIC, Sasa OBRADOVIC, Branislav PETRUJKIC, Milan KOSTIC ................ 414 TRENDS IN PRODUCTION OF RAW MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN SERBIA Svetlana TURUDIJA ZIVANOVIC, Slavica STEVANETIC, Slobodan CERANIC, Tomislav ZIVANOVIC .................. 415 CO-OPERATIVES AS A FACTOR OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH BANAT AND BRANICEVO DISTRICT Vedran TOMIC, Huanita MILUTINOVIC, Aleksandar STOJANOVIC, Snezana JANKOVIC, Nada KOSANOVIC, Aleksandra ANDJELKOVIC, Mirjana ARANDJELOVIC ..................................................................................... 416 COST ANALYSIS OF THREE PHASED OLIVE MILLS IN TURKEY WITH LIFE CYCLE COSTING APPROACH: THE CASE OF MİLAS REGION Mehmet GUNLUK, Gokhan OZER, Emine YILMAZ ......................................................................................... 417 JEWELLERY PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES ON AN EVALUATION OF USE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN TURKEY Rezzan BORA ................................................................................................................................................ 418 EXPECTATIONS FROM AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION FOR DIVERSIFICATION OF RURAL ECONOMY Tayfun ÇUKUR .............................................................................................................................................. 419 FOREST AS AN ELEMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN BJELAŠNICA MOUNTAIN Ajla MEHMEDOVIC, Amila SELMANAGIC BAJROVIC, Bruno MARIC, Dzenan BECIROVIC, Senka MUTABDZIJA BECIROVIC, Tamara BAJKUSA, Mersudin AVDIBEGOVIC ............................................................................... 420 POSSIBILITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL TOURISM AS AN ELEMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT ON MOUNTAIN BJELAŠNICA Tamara BAJKUSA, Ajla MEHMEDOVIC .......................................................................................................... 421 QUALITY AND YIELD CHANGES IN RAINBOW TROUT DURING THE PROCESS OF HOT SMOKING: COMPARISON OF USING FRESH AND FROZEN RAW MATERIALS Rada BRDAR, Ana PESIC, Aleksandar JOKSIMOVIC, Zdravko IKICA, Danilo MRDAK, Revilija MOZURAITYTE, Ulf ERIKSON, Ekrem MISIMI ......................................................................................................................... 422 CHANGING THE SMES PERFORMANCE AFTER ACQUIRING ISO 9000 CERTIFICATION-ALBANIA CASE Ilir KAPAJ, Ana MANE ................................................................................................................................... 423 REFORMING THE PENSION SCHEME OF SELF – EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE Majlinda ÇAKALLI, Loreta KODRA ................................................................................................................. 424 FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF PASSION FRUIT IN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN MATONGO Bosco Bashangwa MPOZI, Philippe LEBAILLY, Patrice NDIMANYA ................................................................ 425 EFFECTS OF INTEGRATION OF FRUIT CROPS ON RURAL ENVIRONMENT IN BURUNDI. CASE OF PASSION FRUIT IN MATONGO Bosco Bashangwa MPOZI, Philippe LEBAILLY, Patrice NDIMANYA ................................................................ 426 THE CHARACTERIZATION OF PASTORAL VULNERABILITY IN THE PASTORAL FOOD SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF NIGER

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Andres LUDOVIC, Bodé SAMBO, Dufaux JUDITH, Yamba BOUBACAR, Lebailly PHILIPPE .............................. 427 DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET CONDITIONS AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF AGRI-FOOD SECTOR IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Mirza UZUNOVIC, Aleksandra NIKOLIC ......................................................................................................... 428 BUDGETARY SUPPORT TO AGRICULURE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, AND EURO - AND WTO INTEGRATION PROCESSESS Sabahudin BAJRAMOVIC, Jakub BUTKOVIC .................................................................................................. 429 THE FARM STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND THE POLICIES IN RELATION WITH NEW EU CAP 2014-2020. Vesna MRDALJ, Adriano CIANI ..................................................................................................................... 430 THE POTENTIALITY OF RURAL TOURISM AND AGRITOURISM IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE NEW EU CAP 2014-2020 Vesna MRDALJ, Adriano CIANI ..................................................................................................................... 431 ALUMNI NETWORK AND PEER LEARNING: EXPERIENCE OF MEDITERRANEAN AGRONOMIC INSTITUTE OF BARI Luigi SISTO, Noureddin DRIOUECH, Onofrio LORUSSO, Duska DELIC, Maurizio RAELI ................................... 432 ACHIEVING GENDER EQUALITY AND SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT: INSTITUTIONAL OBSTACLES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS Rosanna QUAGLIARIELLO, Atef HAMDY, Giuliana Trisorio LIUZZI ................................................................. 433 STRATEGIES OF LITHUANIAN DAIRY FARMERS UNDER CONDITIONS OF OLYGOPSONIC MARKET Aldona STALGIENE........................................................................................................................................ 434 FAMILY ENTREPRISES IN RURAL AREAS OF THE VARDAR REGION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Tosho KOSTADINOV, Elmi JUSUFI, Vesma LEVKOV, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Konstantin MINOSKI.................... 435 FAMILY ENTREPRISES IN RURAL AREAS OF THE SOUTHEAST PLANNING REGION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Tosho KOSTADINOV, Elmi JUSUFI, Vesma LEVKOV, Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Konstantin MINOSKI.................... 436 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE POPULATION IN RURAL AREAS OF MONTENEGRO Aleksandra DESPOTOVIC, Miljan JOKSIMOVIC, Miomir JOVANOVIC............................................................. 437 AGRICULTURE AND TOURISM POTENTIALS OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF PODGORICA AND THEIR EVALUATION Miroslav DODEROVIC, Dragomir KICOVIC..................................................................................................... 438 BIOFERTILIZER FOR ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF CORN FARMERS IN THE PHILIPPINES Eduardo A. JARCIA........................................................................................................................................ 439 RURAL POLICY LEARNING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Anna AUGUSTYN, Gusztav NEMES................................................................................................................ 440 REGIONAL PRODUCT OF FOOD – ONLY FOR TOURISTS OR ALSO FOR RESIDENTS Stanislaw MINTA .......................................................................................................................................... 441 THE BAROMETER OF INSOLVENCY FOR ROMANIAN AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES

32

Constantin IATCO, Gabriela IGNAT, Haralambie ATHES................................................................................ 442 YIN AND YANG IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ACCOUNTING REZULTS Gabriela IGNAT, Constantin IATCO, Haralambie ATHES................................................................................ 443 THE POTENTIAL OF ANIMAL FARMING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MEAT INDUSTRY IN ROMANIA Lucica ARMANCA.......................................................................................................................................... 444 THE IMPACTS OF INFORMATION SUPPLY ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT Natalia FISENKO ........................................................................................................................................... 445 ANALYSIS OF DISPROPORTIONS OF TERRITORIAL DAIRY SUBCOMPLEX OF SARATOV REGION Shibaykin Vladimir ANATOLYEVICH .............................................................................................................. 446 COOPERATIVE SIGNIFICANCE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO - RURAL ECONOMY OF BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA Adriana RADOSAVAC, Sanja DJUKIC, Dusko JOVANOVIC .............................................................................. 447 FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS’ INTEREST FOR PROTECTED DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN PRODUCTS IN SERBIA Biljana PANIN, Hamid EL BILALI, Sinisa BERJAN ............................................................................................ 448 MARKET DYNAMICS FOR PLANTATION-GROWN POPLAR FOREST PRODUCTS IN SERBIA Ljiljana KECA, Nenad KECA ........................................................................................................................... 449 SURVEY ON CONDITIONS OF AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN SERBIA Dusko JACIMOVIC, Jasmina OMERBEGOVIC BIJELOVIC, Zoran RAKICEVIC .................................................... 450 THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL AND SOCIAL CAPITAL ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH REGIONS Urszula BRONISZ, Johan van OPHEM, Wim HEIJMAN ................................................................................... 451 AN ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIC FACILITY IN RURAL AREA: THE CASE STUDY OF BASKETRY IN MILAS Gülizar ÇELEBİLİK .......................................................................................................................................... 452 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ENERGY CONSERVATION BEHAVIOUR IN IRAN’ RURAL AREA Masoud YAZDANPANAH, Bahman KHOSRAVIPOR, Rasoul FARJAM ............................................................. 453 OBSTACLES TO ACHIEVING INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES IN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN Jahangir ARAB, Seyed Abolfazl MIRGHASEMI, Naghmeh AZIZI ..................................................................... 454 INVESTIGATING RURAL HOUSEHOLD WATER CONSUMPTION IN IRANIAN RURAL AREA Masoud YAZDANPANAH, Bahman KHOSRAVIPOR, Rasoul FARJAM ............................................................. 455 RURAL TOURISM DIVERSIFICATION

IN

SOUTH-EASTERN

BOSNIA:

STRUCTURES

MANAGEMENT

AND

SERVICE

Hamid EL BILALI, Sinisa BERJAN, Noureddin DRIOUECH, Biljana PANIN, Adriana RADOSAVAC, Marija LAZIC456 RURAL FINANCE AND CREDIT ACCESS IN SOUTH-EASTERN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Sinisa BERJAN, Hamid EL BILALI, Thi Minh Chau LE, Noureddin DRIOUECH, Huanita MILUTINOVIC .............. 457 IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE IN MONTENEGRIN ECONOMY Gorica BOJIC ................................................................................................................................................. 458

33

PROFIT EFFICIENCY OF POULTRY EGG PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA. Mudashiru AKINYEMI, P.A OKUNEYE, Y. S HOSU .......................................................................................... 459 THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Zoran NJEGOVAN, Mirela TOMAS-SIMIN...................................................................................................... 460 INVESTIGATION OF ADAPTAION ASPECTS OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM) TO KUCUK MENDERES BASIN CONDITIONS Bülent BUDAK, M. Ali KHALVATI , Ali SALMAN, Şükrü Sezgi ÖZKAN, Halil ÖZTARHAN .................................. 461 PHYSICAL AND CHEMİCAL PROPERTIES OF CAPPARI SPINOSA VAR. SPINOSA AND CAPPARIS OVATA VAR. PALAESTINA NATURALLY GROWN IN TURKEY Kamile ULUKAPI, Buse ÖZDEMİR, Nedim TETİK, A. Naci ONUS, Can ERTEKİN ............................................... 462 SITUATION OF GREENHOUSE GROWING AND BENEFIT LEVELS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN DIYARBAKIR PROVINCE Songül AKIN, Vedat PİRİNÇ, Abdurrahman KARA ......................................................................................... 463 EVALUATION OF KASTAMONU AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES ASSOCIATION’S (ACA) ORGANIZING AND IMPACTS ASSESSMENT Yaşar AKTAŞ, Neslişah TANER....................................................................................................................... 464

AUTHOR INDEX ............................................................................................................................ 465 COUNTRY INDEX .......................................................................................................................... 479

34

KEYNOTE PAPERS

35

SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION - THE FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE? Dieter TRAUTZ1*, Insa KUEHLING1 1

University of Applied Sciences Osnabrueck, Germany *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract To ensure the food security for a growing world population with the possible repercussions of climate change is one of the major challenges to agriculture. This leads to constant pressure on crop production systems in order to enhance food quantity without increasing environmental degradation. Since the Royal Society released their report “Reaping the benefits” in 2009, the concept of sustainable intensification (SI) is known as a way to match these issues. That means to enhance efficiency of agricultural production, either by increasing yields without additional negative environmental impact as well as without expansion of cropland or by reducing negative external effects under constant yields. Several highly regarded studies and reports pointed out that sustainable intensification is the only possibility to ensure future food security and quantified the global potential of SI by projections and modellings. Against this scientific background, transferability and applicability of sustainable intensification has to be discussed: How does the framework fit to various geographic regions, spatial scales or different farming systems (high/low input)? Within the wide range of implementing a general approach like SI in the diverse systems of worldwide agriculture, finally an application example will be explained: A scientific experiment on farm scale evaluates adapting strategies of production systems in terms of SI under climate change conditions. Key words: sustainable intensification, land use, food security, climate change

36

THE WATER- ENERGY-FOOD SECURITY NEXUS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Atef HAMDY1, Noureddin DRIOUECH2, Amine HMID2 1

Emeritus Professor, Water Resources Management, CIHEAM/Mediterranean Agronomic Institute, Bari-Italy 2 Environmental Sciences, MAIB Alumni Network (FTN) -CIHEAM/Mediterranean Agronomic Institute, Bari-Italy *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The water-energy-food security nexus is now receiving consensus and attention of both political and technical experts. Indeed, the World Water Day 2014 was mainly on this topic. Although, some of the biggest challenges the world is facing hinge on the growing scarcity and allocation of resources vital to sustaining life-water energy and food. Food, water and energy security are finally being recognized as the most important national and international security issues. Understanding the complex relationship between water, energy and food systems has become critically important to the development of a sustainable and secure future for all nations and regions. This was clearly highlighted at the Bonn 2011 nexus conference held in the preparation for the United Nations (UN) Rio +20 Conference which brought to light the need to address sustainability issues in the closely related sectors of water, energy and food security. In this regards, the question to be raised concerning water-energy-food nexus is where are we now? This will bring us to several crucial questions which technically and politically are wide bargaining and serious discussion including the following: (i) Nexus thinking has been around for a while now, but is it really joined up enough yet? (ii) Do we have enough data points to catalyze action? (iii) How are organizations tackling interconnected resources challenges and what are the concrete examples of scenario planning collaboration or programmes in place? (iv) Could the move towards valuing natural capital help accelerate nexus thinking and policy making? In this paper evidence will be given that if the food, water and energy connection remain unaddressed, global food security will not be achieved increasing poverty and environmental degradation. Key words: Water-Energy-food nexus, Security, Sustainable development, Mediterranean

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ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIA Snezana OLJACA1*, Dusan KOVACEVIC1, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC1, Vesna MILIC2 1

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia 2 University of Eastern Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Achieving sustainability gives an answer on question what is a sustainable agroecosystem? Sustainability has been the background context of nearly every topic addressed so far. This paper proposes a framework for setting the parameters for sustainability, outlines indicators that can tell us if we are moving in the necessary directions, and sets criteria for the research needed to fashion a more sustainable path in agriculture. The concept of sustainable development and the complex analysis of the state of the environment require from agriculture to produce enough food in a manner that does not endanger the environment. Due to the significant percentage of the population living in rural areas, because of the high percentage of gross domestic product, as well as the growing adverse impact that agriculture has on the environment, our country needs a strategy of sustainable development in agriculture. One of the goals of the sustainable agriculture is to create farming systems that mitigate or eliminate environmental harms associated with industrial agriculture. That aim can be realized only in flexible cultural practices in real agroecological conditions (different regional characteristics, soil types, adapted cultivars for low-input or organic production). The transformation from conventional to sustainable organic field crop technology production requires changes and adaptation of many cultural practices. Organic farming is one of the most interesting current trends in agriculture entirely based on ecological principles and the absence of agricultural chemicals use (pesticides, fertilizers, antibiotics, hormones, GMOs, etc. The Republic of Serbia has significant natural resources and favorable conditions for agricultural production, which can meet the basic requirements for the establishment of organic farming, due to less contamination of soil and water, and to less use of pesticides and other chemicals. Key words: organic agriculture, sustainable development, environmental protection

38

MAIZE HYBRIDS AS RAW MATERIAL FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION Snezana MLADENOVIC DRINIC1,2*, Valentina SEMECENKO1, Milica RADOSAVLJEVIC1 1

2

Maize Research Institute, S.Bajica 1, 11185 Belgrade, Serbia Academy of Engineering Sciences of Serbia (AESS), Belgrade, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Last decades, the importance of alternative energy source has become more necessery due to the continous depletion of limited fossil fuel stock and their negative enviromental impact. Bioethanol produced from renewable biomass such as sugars, starch or lignocelluloses could be one of alternatives. The maize is one of the best renewable raw material for ethanol production, due to the high content of starch in grain. Ten maize hybrids of differnt genetic background created in Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, were investigated for bioethanol production. The highest ethanol yield, 87.84% of theoretical content, as well as the highest bioethanol yield per arable land (5783,4 kg ha-1) had hybrid ZP434. Energy effectivnes of hybrids was from 8,35MJ(ZP341) to 9,47MJ (ZP434). Since that production of one liter of ethanol requires on average 2,5 kg of maize grain, it can be calculated that production of maize grain per hectare of arable land would be more profitable. Identification of maize hybrids with high potential for ethanol yield could significantly rise efficiency of ethanol production from maize. Key words: bioethanol, maize grain, starch, production

39

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE COUNTRIES OF FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Mladen TODOROVIC1*, Lazar TANASIJEVIC1, Sameh SAADI1,2, Luis S. PEREIRA3, Piero LIONELLO4,5 1

CIHEAM – Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Land and Water Dept., Bari, Italy 2 Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie – INAT, Tunis, Tunisia 3 CEER – Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Agronomy, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal 4 Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici, Lecce, Italy 5 Università del Salento, Dip. di Scienze dei Materiali, Lecce, Italy *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract High resolution climate database developed within the WASSERMed (EU-FP7ENV) project, are used to estimate the expected changes in agricultural water requirements in the countries of former Yugoslavia. The climate data, based on A1B SRES scenario, referred to the actual situation (year 2000) and the future climate (year 2050). The results indicated that the air temperature increase could go from 1.3°C in Slovenia to 1.7°C in FYROM, while the precipitation is expected to decrease from 30-40 mm year-1 in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia to about 80 mm year-1 in Montenegro and FYROM. The precipitation could remain unchained in Croatia, while in Slovenia a slight increase of 10 mm year-1 is expected. Evapotranspirative demand is foreseen to increase from 35 mm year-1 in Slovenia to 84 mm year-1 in FYROM.By the mid of this century, the increase of air temperature could contribute to the anticipation and shortening of crop growing cycle for most crops. Hence, crop evapotranspiration and irrigation requirements could decrease especially for the winter-spring crops. However, the perennial crops water requirements could remain the same or even increase due to reduction of precipitation. Overall water requirements of agricultural sector could be slightly lower or remain almost the same as today because the shortening of the growing cycle could counterbalance the increase of evaporative demand and decrease of precipitation in the region. In any case, the impact of climate change could be distributed in a dissimilar way throughout the region due to spatial and temporal variation of future precipitation pattern and air temperature trend. Keywords: Air temperature, precipitation, water balance, evapotranspiration; irrigation; A1B SRES scenario.

40

1. PLANT PRODUCTION

41

A TRANSPIRATION MODEL TO SCREEN LOCAL FRUIT TREE GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE Dhimiter THOMA, Endrit KULLAJ Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Albania *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Temperature increases associated with climate changes has already affected the agricultural production in Mediterranean countries, in particular, due to temperature increases. Under such scenario, selections of drought tolerance traits are imperative. Among the rich apple germplasm of Albania it is possible to find resistant genotypes but their screening requires a fast method. Given that transpiration of tree crops is mainly modulated by canopy conductance and vapour pressure deficits, we developed a functional model of tree transpiration, based on sap flow which was measured using stem heat balance sap flow sensors. Using a fast modeling approach based on parameterized Penman – Monteith equation we calculated the daily transpiration dynamics in real – time. The model was tested using various apple selections as candidate rootstocks showing a good fitting between measured and modeled values (R2 = 0.91). This transpiration model can be effectively used to screen a large number of genotypes or even seedling from a cross in fruit tree species. The structure of the model being based on sap flow together with an assessment of intercepted radiation, allow the computation of transpiration in the main fruit tree species under different climates with a degree of precision that should be greater than the standard engineering methodology which uses a single crop coefficient regardless of climate. Keywords: screening, drought resistance, transpiration, modelling

42

SELECTION OF FLOOD – TOLERANT PRUNUS ROOTSTOCKS USING SAP FLOW Dhimiter THOMA, Endrit KULLAJ Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Albania *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Recent changes in rainfall regime and increased frequency of heavy rains have enlarged the incidence of flooding and therefore the damages to stonefruit production. Myrobalan plums (Prunus cerasifera) are known for their resistance to heavy soils and flooding. Selection of appropriate rootstocks is becoming imperative even for dryer climates. Albania is very rich in myrobalans and within this genepool it should be possible to find resistant genotypes but their screening requires a fast method. The research presented here describes the use of sap flow for selecting resistant genotypes. We have screened several local genotypes of myrobalans as candidate rootstocks for flooding tolerance/resistance. Sap flow sensors were installed on seedlings growing in pots and subjected to flooding. Data from sap flow, soil potential and other meteorological sensors were used to evaluate their ability to recover. The results showed that the genotypes were able to continue to recover after the flooding events. The advantage of the method is to detect the sap flow movement even at very low rates. Keywords: Myrobalans, screening, flooding resistance, stonefruit rootstocks

43

PRODUCTION CAPABILITIES AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FODDER FOR ANIMAL NUTRITION IN MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Vojo RADIC, Milanka DRINIC, Aleksandar KRALJ Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banjaluka, Banjaluka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract There is lack of feed in the mountainous region of the Republic of Srpska despite the large agricultural area. The main source of feed is natural grasslands of low productivity and low energy value. In this paper we determined the yield and nutritional value of the natural grasslands using agricultural practices of fertilization and sowing. Also, a number of production technologies on plowed land with annual legumes and grass-legumes mixture were designed. The aim of this work was to increase the yield and quality of forage on natural grassland and on plowed land. It was determined the forage yields per unit area as well as the nutritional value of the air-dry hay. According to the results of chemical analysis, low protein content in natural grasslands was found (8.96 to 9.59%), regardless of the agro-technical measures application. It was identified a high protein content sowing grass-legume mixtures, especially in the second cut (from 17.31 to 21.77%). The digestibility of nutrients from green feed depends on the plant growing stage and species of animal consuming such feed. The digestibility of this feed for ruminants is 75-80%, for horses 60%, and 50% for pigs. Applied agrotechnical measures show that the production of high-quality nutrients can be increased in this region. Key words: mountainous area, natural grasslands, plowed land, yield, nutritional value.

44

INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE AND CELL VOLUME OF CONTAINERS ON THE QUALITY OF BASIL Aleksandra GOVEDARICA-LUCIC1*, Goran PERKOVIC1, Alma RAHIMIC2 1

2

Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Agro-mediterannean faculty, University of „Dzemal Bijedic, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The system of polystyrene and polypropylene containers "speedling system" with different volumes of cells proved to be a rational and practical system of container seedling production. The aim of this study was to examine the use and analyzes of advantageous properties of different substrates in the production of basil grown in containers with the different volumes of cells (7,30, 20, 33.5, 80 cm3). Reseachers analyzed the main indicators of basil seedlings quality: mass of seedlings, seedling height and number of basil leaves. The best basil is produced on Klasman substrate in containers with a maximum volume of 80 cm3. Keywords: basil, seedlings, substrates, cell volume containers.

45

LEVELS OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC HEAVY METALS IN BULBS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF ONION Azra HADZIC1*, Josip COTA2, Edita SARIC2, Omer KURTOVIC2, Milana SILJ3, Jelena COTA4 1

Faculty of Education and Science, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Federal Institute for Agriculture, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 Faculty of Pharmacy, University in Belgrade, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The presence of toxic heavy metals in food is regulated by legal acts and limited to the permissible contents because the consumption of contaminated food over a long period of time is dangerous for health. Tests for the presence of heavy metals in bulbs of onion variety Stuttgarter (standard) and new varieties Konjicki and Zenicki were conducted in 2012 and 2013 by performing experiments on the site of Butmir, Sarajevo. Even though none of the test samples contained heavy metals above the prescribed amount, as per detected presence of lead, arsenic and cadmium, there are indications of present differences related to the examined varieties of onions or even year of breeding. In 2013 detected content of lead increased by 0.0090 mg/kg, 0.0074 mg/kg of arsenic and 0.0033 mg /kg of cadmium, comparing to 2012. Among the examined varieties of onion, a variety Stuttgarter in 2012 had the highest contents of all studied toxic heavy metals, while such properties in 2013 had variety Zenicki. The results indicate that only the amount of the bulb yield that is significantly higher for the variety Konjicki (34%) in 2012, and 30% for the variety Konjicki and 27% for Zenicki in 2013, comparing to standard, is not enough to accept a new line of onion as fit for human consumption. Key words: heavy metals, onion, varieties, bulbs.

46

SANA – NEW VARIETY OF SPRING OAT Dragan MANDIC, Goran DJURASINOVIC, Iskra MIHIC Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska - Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract New variety of spring oat is the first registered variety of oat in the Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska (RS), Banja Luka. It is an early variety, plant height is 110 cm and has excellent resistance to lodging. It has large, well-filled grain, 1000 kernel weight is about 33 g, a hectoliter mass 50 kg, the grain color is golden yellow. Protein content in the grain is about 14,5%, oil 4,3%, mineral matter 2,77% and 11,3% cellulose. In 2011 and 2012 are conducted the trials of Varietal commission at six locations. Variety Sana achieved higher grain yield and higher protein content than the standard variety Slavuj. Variety Sana achieved maximum yield of 9.412 kg/ha at the site of Sremska Mitrovica and the average yield for two years and locations was 6.725 kg/ha. Key words: oat (Avena sativa L.), yield, variety, breeding, quality.

47

AFLATOXIN B1 CONTAMINATION OF CORN IN REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Vojislav TRKULJA1, Slavko RADANOVIC2, Bojana VUKOVIC1, Dragana KOVACIC JOSIC1*, Jelena MIHIC SALAPURA1 1

Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska - Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Agricultural Extention Service of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The natural occurrence of fungal contamination was evaluated in samples of corn (Zea mays L.) grains. Mycological survey was carried out by direct plating method on PDA and focusing on the mycotoxigenic fungi Aspergillus because of the ability of this genus to produce mycotoxin. A total of 83 samples of corn grains from domestic production were analyzed. The most frequent isolated fungi were Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. while Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp. were less frequently isolated genera. Samples are also analyzed for aflatoxin B1 contamination and only two samples were contaminated and had aflatoxin B1 content higher than defined by regulations. The composition of mycotoxigenic fungi in corn grain showed also the presence of other toxigenic fungi and these results indicate possible health hazards for human and animal consumption of such contaminated food grain by mycotoxigenic fungi. Key words: mycotoxigenic fungi, Aspergillus, aflatoxin B1, Republic of Srpska

48

HABITAT CONDITIONS AND USABILITY OF THE HOG TRUFFLE (Choiromyces Meandriformis Vitt.) FOUND IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Srdjan LJUBOJEVIC1*, Dane MARCETA2, Vladimir STUPAR2 1

Faculty for Ecology, Independent University, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Several specimens of the hog truffle fungus (Choiromyces meandriformis Vitt.), that belongs to the family Tuberaceae Dumort. (1822) were found in the artificially established middle-aged Norway spruce forests (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) in the Kneževo area of the Republic of Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Besides the spruce as a sole species in the tree layer, common hazel, single-seeded hawthorn and old man`s beard were found in the high shrub layer. Nine species were registered in the low shrub layer and 32 species in the herb layer, with mosses as the most abundant species due to acidification of the upper soil layer by the spruce needles. Unlike the "true truffles", hog truffle partly emerges on the surface, which makes it easier to spot without truffle dogs or other trained animals. Soli under spruce plantation were strongly acid (pH 3.9 - 4.6) and illimerised. Parent materials were flysch, i.e. conglomerates, marls and breccias. Soil texture was silt loam and dominant soil separate was silt (63.59 %). Chemical analysis of the flesh of fungus show that it fulfills criteria related to the edible mushrooms, except concentration of arsenic (As), that is much above (2.1 mg/kg) prescribed limit (0.3 mg/kg). At the same time, chemical analysis of the soil did not show increased concentration of arsenic (found 4,4 mg/kg) in comparison with average value for all soils (5 mg/kg), neither to the allowed interval for uncontaminated soils (0.2 – 40 mg/kg) according to the WHO. This fact leads to the conclusion that hog truffle has particularly emphasized affinity towards arsenic because of its capability to accumulate almost 50 % of arsenic content in the soil, unlike, for example, bolete mushrooms (Boletus spp.) which used to accept just around 0.6 % of the available soli arsenic. Keywords: hog truffle, usability, arsenic content, habitat conditions

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UPTAKE AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN DURUM WHEAT Mladen ALMALIEV1*, Galia PANAYOTOVA2, Svetla KOSTADINOVA1 1

Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria Trakia University – Stara Zagora, Bulgaria *Corresponding author: [email protected] 2

Abstract The uptake and utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in durum wheat was studied under conditions of long term fertilizing experiment. The standard variety „Progress”, selected in Institute of field crops – Chirpan town, Bulgaria was grown in two field crops rotation cotton – durum wheat under rain conditions for the period of three vegetations including years 2011 – 2013. The experimental design was the method of Latin square with trial plot size 50m2 in four replications. The treatments were as follows: N0P0; N0P80; N0P120; N0P160; N120P80; N120P120; N120P160. Nitrogen fertilization as NH4NO3 was applied early spring. The phosphorus fertilization was applied before sowing as triple superphosphate. The soil type of experimental field was Eutric vertisols. Weather conditions during the studied period 2011 – 2013 were different as a temperature and rainfall each year. It was established that productivity of aboveground biomass and grain was twofold higher in fertilizing systems with applied N120 and phosphorus rates of 80 120 kg P2O5.ha-1, compared to the systems with no phosphorus fertilizing. Uptake efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus or total uptake of these nutrients in aboveground dry mass at maturity, similar to wheat productivity, was higher in systems fertilized with nitrogen. The uptake of nitrogen was in the range 52.5 – 166 kg N.ha-1, and phosphorus uptake – 22.5 - 77.4 kg P2O5.ha-1, in average for the period. The highest expense of nitrogen for 100 kg grain formation was established in fertilizing system N120P120 – 3.84 kg N. The expense of phosphorus for 100 kg grain formation increased in parallel with applied phosphorus rate and did not depend of nitrogen fertilizing. The highest value was observed in systems with applied high phosphorus rate of P160. Nitrogen utilization efficiency for biomass and grain production in durum wheat was the lowest in fertilizing system N120P120, and the lowest phosphorus utilization efficiency was obtained in fertilizing treatment N120P160. Key words: durum wheat, nitrogen, phosphorus, efficiency

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EFFECT OF FERTILIZING SYSTEMS ON THE PHOSPHORUS EFFICIENCY INDICATORS AT DURUM WHEAT Mladen ALMALIEV1*, Svetla KOSTADINOVA1, Galia PANAYOTOVA2 1

Agricultural University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria Trakia University – Stara Zagora, Bulgaria *Corresponding author: [email protected] 2

Abstract The main agronomic indicators of effectiveness for phosphorus fertilizing alone or combined with nitrogen fertilization N120 in durum wheat grown in conditions of long term fertilizing experiment in two field crops rotation cotton – durum wheat under rain conditions for the period of three vegetations including years 2011 – 2013 were studied. The Latin square method as experimental design with trial plot size 50m2 in four replications was used. The examined fertilizing systems were as follows: N0P0; N0P80; N0P120; N0P160; N120P80; N120P120; N120P160. Nitrogen fertilization as NH4NO3 was applied early spring. The phosphorus fertilization was applied before sowing as triple superphosphate. The soil type of experimental field was Eutric vertisols. Weather conditions during the studied period 2011 – 2013 were different as a temperature and rainfall each year. Indexes partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), apparent crop recovery (RE), partial nutrient balance (PNB), and physiological efficiency of applied phosphorus (PE) were studied. It was established that fertilizing systems of durum wheat strongly affect the indicators of phosphorus efficiency. The partial factor productivity of phosphorus changed from 13.4 to 51.8 kg grain per kg P2O5 applied in dependence of the fertilizing system. The average agronomic efficiency was varied in range 1.6-28.1 kg grain and 0.20-4.58 kg grain protein for the experimental period. Apparent crop recovery efficiency of applied phosphorus (kg increase in P uptake per kg P applied) was very low 0.11-0.15 kg.kg-1 when wheat was grown with no nitrogen fertilization. Recovery efficiency and physiological efficiency of applied P (kg yield increase per kg increase in P uptake from fertilizer) did not depend of the quantity of applied phosphorus P80-P160 in systems without nitrogen. Alone phosphorus fertilizing in rates 80-160 kg P2O5.ha-1 demonstrated lower efficiency of phosphorus expressed as calculated indicators partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency, apparent crop recovery, partial nutrient balance, and physiological efficiency. Systematic fertilization of durum wheat in rates N120P80 was the most effective in average for the experimental period. Key words: phosphorus efficiency indicators, durum wheat.

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PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREIGN COMMON WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS (Triticum Aestivum L.) UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF DOBRUDZHA REGION Plamen CHAMURLIYSKI¹*, Dobrinka ATANASOVA, Emil PENCHEV 1

Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo, Bulgaria *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract One of the main directions in common winter wheat breeding is toward achieving high results with regard to yield and production potential. An important prerequisite for this is the including in breeding of new gene plasm with variable origin adequate to the growing environments and the desired goal. The aim of this paper was to study the productivity and the elements of yield of foreign winter wheat cultivars under the conditions of Dobrudzha region. The research was carried out during 2011 – 2013 in the trial field of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute (DAI). Twenty-four cultivars of foreign origin were tested. Their yield was compared to two standards: Enola and Sadovo 1. The cultivars were planted in harvest plots each of 10 m2 in two replications. The structural elements of yield were analyzed, as well as some traits and properties characterizing the variation of the separate wheat cultivars. The following traits related to productivity were investigated: vegetation period, plant height yield, number of productive tillers, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike and 1000 kernel weight. Cultivars Kantata, Sonata, Sixtus and Podoima demonstrated highest production potential realizing a yield of more than 8 t/ha, averaged for the three years of investigation. Highest variation was observed in the traits grain weight per spike and number of grains per spike. The above mentioned genotypes are suitable cultivars which can be successfully involved in the breeding program of DAI with regard to the index yield. Keywords: winter wheat, productivity, elements of yield

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EFFECT OF SULFUR AND STABILIZED AMMONIUM NUTRITION ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY WHEAT IN CLAY AND CALCAREOUS SOILS Abdel Khalek SELIM*, Safaa MAHMOUD National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract A pot experiment was set up to study the effect of urea, Ca(NO3)2 and urea + nitrification inhibitor in the presence or absence of sulfur on the growth and nutrient uptake by wheat plant. Alluvial and calcareous soils were chosen for these experiments. Wheat seeds were sown and planted in 5 Kg soil packed in plastic pots at the rate of 15 seeds/pot. The plants were thinned 15 days after emergence to obtain ten seedlings per potPlant materials at three different growth stages were analyzed for their content of the different nutritional elements. At the end of the growing season plants were harvested (straw and grains) for analysis. Fe percentage and uptake generally increased with increasing S and N applications; the effect of S was more than that of N in that respect. Sulfur application to urea increased Fe concentration and its uptake compared to urea alone. Nitrification inhibitor increased Fe concentration in grains, which increased even more with sulfur addition. Iron content seemed to be affected by different N-forms, sulfur and also by nitrification inhibitor treatment. Urea stimulated Fe content in wheat grains as compared with calcium nitrate. ES application was not effective in increasing Fe contents in wheat grains. Application of nitrification inhibitor increased Fe concentration in wheat grains. Urea + inhibitor had a predominant effect on Nuptake by wheat plant. Sulfur application resulted in an increase in N content as well as N-uptake in clay soil. Phosphorus absorption was positively influenced by the addition of nitrification inhibitor. Keywords: nitrogen uptake; nitrification inhibitor; iron availability; sulfur

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GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG 15 SORGHUM (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) LANDRACES ASSESSED BY AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERS AND RAPD MARKERS Abdelsabour G. A. KHALED*1, Aml Tag EL-DIN2 1

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt 2 Field Crops Researh Institute, Agriculture Researh Center, Giza, Egypt *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Genetic diversity is one of the key factors for the improvement of many crop plants including sorghum. Fifteen sorghum landraces were planted in 2012 and 2013 seasons to compare between them at agronomical and molecular levels. The combined analysis for agronomic traits and yield components showed significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits. The highest mean values of 1000-kernel weight (36.08g) and number of seeds/panicle traits were obtained from Giza-15 genotype. Results of correlation analysis indicated that 1000-kernel weight was positive and highly significant correlated with grain yield (0.749). The path analysis showed that 1000-kernel weight had high and positive direct effect on grain yield (0.7102), whereas number of seeds/panicle had positive direct effect on grain yield (0.1443) and negative direct effect was through plant height (-0.1876). Genetic diversity of sorghum landraces evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers. 76 DNA bands were obtained by 12 primers which could detected a percentage of polymorphism ranged from 40 to 100% with an average of 73.36%. The average of polymorphic bands was 4.67 per primer. The dendrogram based on RAPD marker created three main groups; the first group contains three genotypes, the second group sub-divided into two subclusters. The third group contains six genotypes. The similarity percent based on morphological traits was not significantly correlated (r = 0.07961) with the genetic distance based on RAPD markers. It can be concluded that RAPD markers can be used for sorghum genetic diversity studies and have potential linkage mapping, and molecular characterization. Key words: Correlation; Sorghum landraces; Path analysis; RAPD markers; Variance analysis.

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QUANTITATIVE AMINO ACID ANALYSIS OF SEEDS FROM COMMON BEAN UNIVERSITY COLLECTION Aiman RYSBEKOVA, Beibitgul ZHUMABAEVA, Saendigul BAISEYITOVA, Zhanna URAZOVA, Erika DZHANGALINA, Quttymurat TAGAEV, Zaure AYTASHEVA* Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Current study is concentrated on the abundance of Kazakhstan food as heirloom beans and pumpkins varieties and lines based on the extending germplasm including domestic as international accessions and specimens received from Asian countries, European sources, Russia, Turkey and USA. A range of introduced common bean varieties have indicated high seed germination and maturation rates as well as resistance to water deficit, whereas domestic varieties have been demonstrated to surpass certain foreign accessions and varieties by seed weight and other seed parameters. Data on bean collection, grown in steppe and mountain zones of Almaty region presented in that paper are completed by quantitative and qualitative amino acid evaluation. Domestic and external varieties and lines (cvs “Aktatti”, “Bijchanka”, “Zuzka”, “Camelia”, “Katka”, “Luna”, “Nazym”, “Red Goya”, “Talgat” and “Ufimskaya”) have been clustered by using the data on amino acid composition of bean seeds analized by liquid chromatography. Essential amino acids have been shown to achieve in domestic lines 27.5 – 29. 8% of total amino acids content. Part of this essential group, namely couple of Lys and Thr, is significant for plant growth. If tyrosinylation index (Phe/Tyr ration) for local lines is around 0.91 – 0.94, similar index for external varieties is of 0.88-0.89. Thus, it may mean that local lines contain membrane proteins possessing complex (mechanic, thermal and chemical) stability when compared with international bean analogues under investigation. By the content of individual amino acids (Glu, Asp, Ala and Pro) domestic bean lines have been shown to exceed external varieties 2.0-2.4 times. Keywords: beans, variety, amino acid composition.

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OAT GRAIN YIELD VARIATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PRODUCTIVITY PARAMETERS AMONG OAT CULTIVARS GROWN IN LATVIA Linda BRUNAVA1,2*, Ina ALSIŅA1, Sanita ZUTE2 1

Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Latvian University of Agriculture, Latvia 2 State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute, Latvia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Common oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important field crop cultivated in temperate climate zone for green fodder and grains production as well. Oat sown area occupies 62.4 thousand hectares that is only 10.7 % from all cereals sown area in Latvia. The low oat productivity which is approximately two times lower comparing with winter wheat is the main reason in cereal choice. For farmers it is economically advantageous to cultivate more productive crop like wheat although oat with its biochemical structure and ways of usage is unique among other cereals. The aim of this research was to compare 19 oat cultivars by their yield and productivity parameters to demonstrate connections among them. Field trials were carried out at State Stende Cereals Breading Institute in the years 2012 and 2013. These two years in Latvia were significantly different in their temperature limits and precipitation. Results showed that significantly higher (p 0.75> 12:55> 0.3). In treat with 2000 PPM concentration, 90% of the pieces have differentiated radicle. The values of the percentages on rooting have ranked treatments according to their effect on rooting respectively: (2000> 1000> 500> Con). Quality of rooting analyzed the number of average radicle was in close relation with increasing dose of synthetic stimulants. (r = 0.87) and 3.1 rigorous ranking root (Con) attended 3.9, 5.2, and 6.4 in the maximum concentration of IBA. Dimensions of roots have resulted in significant differences between each other small (p = 0:05). Conclusion in 2000 PPM treatment has achieved the highest coefficient propagation and good indicators of vegetative development. Key words: Fogging system, IBA, punica granatum, rooting

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OLIVE IN CORRELATION WITH THE LONGITUDE OF CULTIVATION Hairi ISMAILI1, Benard RUCI2 1

Agricultural University of Tirana. Albania Gene Bank. Tirana Albania 2 Olive Research Station, Tirana Albania Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract This research shows the results of olive reaction to longitude (N) and aims to analyze the territory for suitability and orientation of the new oliviculture. Five geographical regions were chosen for this, during the period 2010-2012, bioclimatic, morphological and geographical indices of two olive cultivars were analysed: Kaninjot and B.Tirana (olea europaea L. ssp. sativa): specifically: thermal Constant (CT), thermal Sum (St), Vegetative Constant (Cv), hydrothermal Constant (Cht), Edaphic Humidity, fat index, quality index, biometric index, maturity index etc, (catminate code). The data were modelled as per JMP software and were analyzed through discriminant method, DGis modelling bioclim/domain and bivariate density. The results showed that suitability index (IS), has produced declining results following longitude (N), and by order: plot (1>2>3>4>5). Index IS, had a strong positive relation (r²=0.98), with the longitude. Also through Ip, Ct, Cv and Cht, produced positive results and the correlation coefficient (r²=0.88>0.82>0.79). Analysis SG and discriminant method, displayed olive space in 4 plots (Nonparametric bivariate density) which have heterogeneous performance. The data integrated regressively had a macro- areal evaluation of the territory. The olive reacts positively up to longitude 390.38’’, until 42017’, whereas further extension in terms of longitude presents a general declining performance, especially for the indices of maturity, quality and productivity. Keyword: Olive; Humidity; Bioclimatic; Olive culture; Territory

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ESTABLISHMENT, ENRICHMENT AND DOCUMENTATION OF SOME FRUIT TREE SPECIES Tatjana KOKAJ Agriculture University of Tirana/Gene Bank, Albania *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The study is a continuation of the study of the genetic resources of subtropical trees. The object of the study was the creation of the germplasm that mainly fruit species and several species of trees, preservation of genetic material from the danger of erosion. Time study was 2005 and go on. Slips were taken at those points where exploring, researching and characterized previously, was rooting in some ways, like the one in screen house , in open field condition, with bag and simple method by planting direct on the ground, in a straight line. The percentage of rooting was different, was different species and in ways different. He left 1-2 years bag, and pot. Planting scheme was designed, in the early 3- 5 plants for variety, for each species where diversity is greater, with 5x5 distance plant from plant, were carried out all necessary services, such manures, irrigation in the period of JulyAugust , after these years have been very hot, with temperatures reaching up to maximal is 38 ° C. During these years for those plants that do not rooting or for reasons different, in every years was their regeneration and replant. After study has continued to follow that growth is dynamic, and with the completion of the scheme from year to year, for those species and varieties that are of interest for their qualitative features, and present threat to genetic erosion. It was developed with the main characteristics passport under the relevant descriptors and sched for each species and variety. Currently there 11/000I, 12/000III, 3/IX, 9/VII, 4/00II, 6/V, 10/I, 14/000II, II/Dvd, ect. Keywords: Plot, rooting, number, place, replace, passport, scheds

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RESPONSIVENESS OF SOFT WHEAT GENOME TO UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Leyla VALIYEVA, Gulshan RAGHIMOVA, Natiga NABIYEVA* Genetic Resources Institute of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The influence of various unfavourable factors of the environment - temperature, water, and salt stresses, as well as chemical mutagens - nitrosomethylurea (NMU) and benzpyrene (BP) - on the genetic apparatus of the soft wheat Triticum aestivum L. has been investigated. For the experiments, seeds of soft wheat species cultivated in Azerbaijan were used. It is known that the condition of genome is the major indicator for the system information on the adaptive tolerance of an organism to impacts of the environment. In the connection, we studied chromosomal aberrations in the mitotic cells of the wheat seedlings treated with various stress factors. As the control, untreated seedlings were used. The investigation has shown that the 3 hours long treatment of the seedlings with NMU (0,02 %) and BP (0,1 mM), sodium chloride (0,6 %), as well as with the water stress (PEG -20 Bar) and high temperature (40oС) resulted in the increase of chromosomal aberration frequency in the anaphase cells of apical meristem of the seedlings. Thus, as compared with the control, the impact of NMU and BP caused the 3- and 2-fold increase in the chromosomal aberration, respectively, and as for the salt, water and temperature stresses, the indicator was the 1.5, 5 and 4-fold increase, respectively. Thus, the study revealed that the water and temperature stresses (as the basic conditions of drought) caused the most destabilising impact on the genome of soft wheat, in comparison with that during the salt stress and chemical mutagens treatment. Keywords: wheat, environmental factors, chromosome aberrations

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PRODUCTION OF PEAR TREES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Branislav ZORIC*, Miljan CVETKOVIC University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The paper analyzed the production of pears´ seedlings in nurseries in the area of the Republic of Srpska (RS), for the period 2010 -2013. On the territory of the RS 20 types of fruit trees are produced. Pear is the leading species in nurseries in the RS with an output of 37% to the overall production of seedlings fruit trees. In the period 2010 - 2013 in nurseries in the RS is produced 1.097.548 pear trees. “Williams” is the leading variety in the production of pear trees. In the production of a significant volume are virieties “Abate Fettel”, “Junska lepotica”, “Santa Maria” and “Butirra”. Rootstock of seedling of wild pear (Pyrus communis L.) dominates in the production of pear´s trees. In addition to these rootstock, n RS are used also and Quince MA and Adam's (C332). Keywords: apple, sort, rootstock, nursery

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PRODUCTION OF SOUR CHERRY AND CHERRY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Ivana KECMAN*, Danilo VIDOVIC, Miljan CVETKOVIC University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract This paper is an analysis of seedling cherries in nurseries in the area of the Republic of Srpska (RS), for the period 2010 - 2013. On the territory of the RS are registered 24 nursery fruit trees, which produce 20 types of fruit trees. Taking into consideration the entire structure of fruit trees, sour cherry covers up 8%, and cherry just 2%. The nurseries in the RS for the period 2010 - 2013 produced 852 574 sour cherries and 169 631 cherry trees. “Oblačinska” is a leading brand in the production of sour cherry trees (over 90 %). In addition to this, the productions of a much lesser extent are also varieties “Lot”, “Maraska”, “Marela”, “Hajman´s ruby” and “Keleris 14”. The production of cherry trees is represented by 24 varieties. In addition to variety “Bigarreau Burlat” which is the leading variety in the production of cherry trees, there is also recorder significant presence of varieties “Stella”, “Lyon wound”, “Hedelfinger” and “Bing. As rootstocks in the production of both fruits dominate the rootstock seedling of wild cherry (Prynus avium L.) and seedling of mahaleb cherry (Prynus mahaleb L.). Keywords: nursery, sort, rootstock

108

EFFECT OF REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON GROWTH AND WATER REGIME OF POTATO Mirjana MOJEVIC1*, Slavisa DJORDJEVIC2, Zorica JOVANOVIC2, Radmila STIKIC2 1

University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on potato growth and plant water regime in the field conditions and to compare these effects with the conventional method of irrigation. The field potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Liseta) experiments were conducted during 2007 and 2008. In 2007 a static approach in regulated deficit irrigation technique was applied and the plants were irrigated with 70% of water compared to plants that are optimally irrigated (FI) during the whole season, while a dynamic approach was applied in 2008 where the amount of water for irrigation was reduced from 70% to 50% during the last 3 weeks of the irrigation period. During these two seasons, the following parameters were measured: water potential and stomatal conductance, plant height, leaf area and leaf area index (LAI). The results showed that in the both seasons the regulated deficit irrigation didn't significantly affect the plant growth parameters as plant height, leaf area and LAI compared with optimally irrigated plants, but the differences were expressed between individual harvests. Analysis of the plant water regime parameters point to the differences between two seasons in a way that in 2007 the chemical signals were more responsible for the reduction of stomatal conductance while in a 2008 season the reduction of stomatal conductance was followed by a decrease of leaf water potential that indicated the hydraulic drought signals. Key words: regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), potato, plant growth, water regime

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GENOTYPE SPECIFICITY OF THE ORGANOGENESIS OF FRUITBEARING PEAR TREE (II THE ANALYSIS OF TWO-YEAR-OLD OUTSPREAD BRANCH) Ljubomir RADOS Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banjaluka, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The two-year-old outspread branch (the last year outspreads shoot) is the key for defining pomotechnical operations in a genotypically defined fruit tree pruning. Certain pear cultivars has a distinctive branching pattern of the last year shoot; according to branching pattern, all pear cultivars are classified into 5 ideotypes. Based on the analysis of the two-year-old outspread branch, the cultivars can be classified into the corresponding groups, while the type of the organogenesis of fruit-bearing pear trees can be determined, which represents the cultivar specificity as the base for defining pomotechnical treatments, i.e., we obtain the information how much time it takes lateral vegetative buds form a new growth which bears the generative bud at its top. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the twoyear-old outspread branch in three vegetations of 6 pear cultivars as follows: ‘Trevuška’, ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Williams’, ‘Abate Fetel’, ‘Kaluđerka’ and ‘Krasanka’. The interaction effects per cultivars and years have been analyzed, as well. Key words: pear, cultivar, organogenesis, fruit-bearing tree

110

STATE OF POLLUTION FLOODED AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Tihomir PREDIC, Petra NIKIC-NAUTH, Tatajana CVIJANOVIC, Tatajana DOCIC KOJADINOVIC, Bojana RADANOVIC, Duska JOKIC Agricultural Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Agro-ecology Department, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Srpska prescribed a set of short-and long-term measures for rehabilitation of the consequences of the floods that hit the Republic of Srpska in mid-May of 2014, and in order to rehabilitate the damages in the current production, launching new production cycle and restore production capacities damaged by floods. The set of urgent short-term measures includes testing of agricultural land in the flooded area to determine the presence of contaminants on the basis of which a set of measures/recommendations for the remediation of contaminated land will be determined. The selection of surfaces for examination was made by GIS technology. The following data were used: borders of flooded areas (SHP) , high resolution satellite images, land cover and land use (SHP) and the EU reference network 500x500 m. For the preliminary state of pollution, the point from the 2 km x 2 km net were taken. Totally, there were 148 points taken. With GPS, all points were located in the field. Average samples were taken from the surface by a circle of 30 m radius, which is homogeneous by relief, soil type and usage. An average sample consisted of the 20 individual samples taken from a 25 cm depth. The samples of sediment - mud were taken from fifty locations. In all the samples, the basic parameters of fertility were determined by (pH, N, P2O5, K2O), the total content of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg, content of PCB and total petroleum hydrocarbons. The analyses were performed by Agricultural Institute of the RS according to standard methods. Based on the results, directions of further actions will be determined and measures that need to be taken to remediate land in areas where needed. All data will be stored in the GIS database: basics, protection, development and land use of the RS and will be displayed in the overview maps. Keywords: flood, farmland, pollution, heavy metals, PCB

111

YIELD AND YIELD STABILITY IN SOME BULGARIAN WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES (Triticum Aestivum L.) Dobrinka ATANASOVA1*, Emil PENCHEV1, Nikolay TSENOV2 1

Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, General Toshevo, Bulgaria 2 Agronom I Holding, Dobrich, Bulgaria *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract To develop wheat varieties that are high yielding with good stability over different environments is one of the objectives of breeding programs. The aim of this study was to determine bread winter wheat varieties with high yield that were with stable performance in different environments. The investigation was done during the period 2009 – 2011 in the field of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute and 30 Bulgarian wheat varieties were studied. The trial design was Latin square in three replications with 10 m2 of the plots. Grain yield in t/ha and some yield related traits were measured. Statistical analysis of the data was done with the help of the packages SPSS 17.0 и BIOSTAT 6.0. The results from analysis of variances for grain yield and number of productive tillers were very good statistically proved for the influence of environments over studied traits, for different genetic potential of the observed varieties as well for the interaction between two factors. This was a prerequisite for studying ecological plasticity and stability of the varieties. With high average productivity for the period of investigation were varieties Dragana, Kristi, Lazarka, Iveta, Demetra, Aglika. Almost one third of the varieties showed good stability according to ASV index. As most stable varieties across the environment can be pointed out Petya, Demetra, Zlatitsa, Dragana, Aglika. Cluster analysis identified genotypes with high performance for grain yield and good stability parameters. Key words: wheat, grain yield, stability

112

MODEL FOR AN INTEGRATED BREEDING ASSESSMENT OF WINTER WHEAT GENOTYPES I. GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY Nikolay TSENOV1, Plamen CHAMURLIISKI2, Georgi RAYKOV2, Elena TSENOVA2 1

2

Agronom I Holding, Dobrich, Bulgaria Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, General Toshevo, Bulgaria *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The existence of a wide diversity of varieties for the production is a challenge for the breeding of wheat. Constant comparison is a key element of the whole breeding and selection procedures by studying the initial material to the evaluation of cultivars. Objective evaluation is mandatory, even when doing parallel breeding of multiple features and properties. The purpose of this study is to present data from the study of several approaches to implementing a comprehensive assessment of the phenotypic level. In a series of two group seasons traits associated with grain yield are analyzed, as follows : Date of Heading (DH); Height Of the Stem (HOS); Harvest index (HI); Number of Productive tillers per/m2 (NPT); Number of Grains per Ear (NGE); Number of Grains per m2 (NGM); Thousand grains weight (TGW) and Grain Yield (GY). For a more objective assessment data from environmental experiments from several locations of the country were used. Based on the specific correlations between the studied traits integrated breeding assessment of two groups field experiments with different sets of varieties was made. Various approaches to integrated breeding assessment of genotypes that are compared with each other to determine the most appropriate method are attached. It was found that the integrated breeding assessment is an appropriate tool of objective evaluation of multiple genotypes in very individual characteristics. Integrated assessment allows comparison of breeding materials of different origin, but the same criterion. Comprehensive assessment can be of a different level of informativeness, depending on the purpose of its implementation and directions for breeding - productivity, quality and tolerance to stress. Keywords: wheat, breeding , productivity, integrated breeding assessment

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IMPACT OF LIMING WITH FERTDOLOMITE ON GRAIN YIELD OF FIELD CROPS Vlado KOVACEVIC*, Mirta RASTIJA, Dario ILJKIC, Monika MARKOVIC, Ivana VARGA University of J. J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek, Croatia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The stationary field experiment was conducted in spring of 2004 on Pavlovac (Bjelovar-Bilogora County) very acid soil (pH in 1n KCl = 3.80) by application of NPK 10:30:20 fertilizer as follows (kg ha-1): a = 0 (the conventional fertilization); b = a + 416; c =1249; d = 2028; e = 2916; f = 3748. The experiment was conducted in four replicates and the basic plot size was 77 m2. Two replicates was limed in autumn of 2007 by granulated fertdolomite (24.0 % CaO + 16.0 % MgO + 3.0 % N + 2.5 % P2O5 + 3.0 % K2O) in amount 10 t ha-1. Two subplots from each replicates were harvested for receiving four replicates of grain yield data for each treatment. In this study was shown survey grain yield of field crops for 2008-2013 period (maize – maize – soybean – maize – winter wheat - maize). Mean yields of the field crops in were as follows (t ha-1): 11.64, 10.70, 9.02 and 8.69 (maize 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2013, respectively), 3.57 (soybean 2010) and 7.59 (wheat 2012). As affected by liming, yields of maize were significantly increased for 5% (2008 and 2009) and for 8% (2011), while in 2013 non-significant differences of yields were found. Also, yields of wheat were similar for the control and limed plots in 2012 (7.64 and 7.54, t ha-1, respectively). However, soybean responded to liming in 2010 by yield increases for 18% (3.28 and 3.85 t ha-1, respectively). Key words: liming, grain yield, maize, wheat, soybean

114

STRAW AND HEY YIELD MAPPING BY HARVEST Jiří MAŠEK, Milan KROULÍK, Petr NOVÁK Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Yield mapping is one of the basic elements of precision agriculture system. Different sensors and systems which are placed directly on harvesters are commonly used for yield mapping nowadays. The technical solution for straw and forage crops yield measurement consists of a simple arrangement of a position sensor – potentiometer mounted on the belt tension roller on a chosen round pickup baler with variable chamber. Rotary press with variable chamber VICON RV1601 Opticut was used for measurement. Wheat straw, barley straw and hay was pressed during trial measurement. Position of the belt tension roller was monitored by the potentiometer. Numbers of pulses from the potentiometer corresponded with the position of measuring belt tension roller during the chamber filling. Calibration of the measuring system showed a strong dependence of the tension roller position on the amount of pressed straw or hay (R = 099). Finally, yield map of straw and hay was created.. Key words: Precision agriculture, yield mapping, harvest, round bale

115

EVALUATION OF QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS OF SELECTED SOIL TILLAGE MACHINES FOR LOOSENING SOIL WITHOUT TURNING Petr NOVÁK*, Jiří MAŠEK, Jitka KUMHÁLOVÁ Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The aim of this paper is evaluate the quality of soil tillage with tillers for soil tillage without turning over the soil. Measurements were performed on July 2013 in Nesperská Lhota near Prague on loam soil at an altitude of 410 m. This evaluation is performed on two-row chisel tillers Lemken Karat and Horsch Terrano and two disc tiller Lemken Rubin and Horsch Joker. Quality of soil tillage was assessed after crossing machine. The evaluated parameters of the quality of work are surface covering by crop residues, bottom profiles, surface profile and surface roughness. The results confirm the similarity structure of all evaluated cultivators and similar quality soil tillage. These cultivators are suitable for technology mulch till and reduced till. Key words: soil tillage, tillers, quality assessment

116

GROWTH AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION ON WHEAT GROWN ON AN ARID REGION M.S. AWAAD Soils, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Irrigation water is limiting for crop production in arid and semi arid region. Modern irrigation system such as drip irrigation are widely used in Egypt and also used in the countries especially has limited irrigation water resources. Drip irrigation provides the efficient use of limited water with increased water use efficiency. Application of nitrogen to wheat is needed to ensure the N is available throughout the growing season due to its important role in promoting both vegetative and reproductive growth. Field experiment was carried out on the during season 2010 and 2011 at a private farm located at a newly reclaimed sandy soil at El-Sadat district El- monofia governorate, Egypt to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizers combined with drip irrigation on wheat crop. The effect of four rate of nitrogen fertilizer i.e., 0, 40, 60 and 100 kg N /fed., as urea (33.5 N %) or ureaformaldehyde (38%N) combined with two irrigation at different soil moisture depletion (FC) (I1=80% of FC)) or (I2=40% of FC=) with drip irrigation. The nitrogen fertilizer as urea was injected into irrigation water by an injection pump. Available nitrogen in soil depths 0-20, 20-40 and 40 -80 as well as nitrogen uptake by straw and grains yield were determined. Also, Grain Nitrogen Recovery (GNR). The results showed that application of water quantity at (I1) through drip irrigation along with 100 kg N /fed., from two sources of nitrogen recorded the highest yield of shoot and grain and the nitrogen content as well as nitrogen use efficiency compared with the other rate and levels of nitrogen and irrigation, respectively. Also, water use efficiency increased with irrigation I1 FC and nitrogen levels and reached the highest values at 100 kg N fed. as urea fertigation compared with urea formaldehyde. Keywords: Levels of irrigation, ureaformaldhyde, Water use efficiency, Nitrogen fertilizer

117

EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS AND HELIUM NEON (He-Ne) LASER RAYS ON GROWTH,OIL YIELD AND FATTY ACIDS CONTENTS IN

Ricinus Communis

Sami A. METWALLY1*, Sharbat L. MOHAMED2, Bedour H. ABOU- LEILA2, Mohamed E. ALI3 1

Department of Woody Trees and Ornamental Plant, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 2 Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 3 Department of Field Irrigation Water Relations, National Research Centre, Egypt *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Pot trail were carried out at greenhouse of National Research Centre of Dokki (Egypt) to evaluate the effect of these irrigation intervals 5,10 and 15 days combined with to exposure time of He-Ne laser rays (0 and 5 min.) on the growth, oil yield and oil constituents of Ricinus communis. Plant height,Stem diameter, leaves number, leaf area, fresh and dry of leaves, as well as relative water content and osmotic potential (atm) were decreased by prolonging irrigation intervals. Carbohydrates % also showed a negative response by extending irrigation intervals. Helium neon (He-Ne) laser rays improved caster bean growth and decreased osmotic potential followed by increase in relative water content and helps plants to complete of its life cycle. Palmatic acid is substantial component of the saturated fatty acids, while ricinolic unsaturated fatty acids is the major one. The highest increment in both ricinolic and hexacenoic acids was recorded by prolonging irrigation interval up 10 days. Keywords: Drought, water intervals, Ricinus communis, fatty acids and laser rays

118

IMPROVEMENT OF NON-QPM LINES THROUGH INTROGRESSION OF QPM GENES IN MAIZE Lekha RAM*, Rajesh SINGH Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The maize QPM breeding programme is complex process since it requires the simultaneous manipulation of three genetic systems, the endosperm modifier genes and the genes that control the lysine content. Actually, part of the attempts of these programmes concentrate on the conversion of the elite inbred lines, with the objectives of obtaining QPM versions of normal inbreds with superior agronomic performance. The opaque -2 gene is recessive and the modifiers are polygenic. Their introgression into elite inbreds is not a straight forward procedure because; each conventional backcross generation needs to be selfed to identify the opaque-2 recessive gene, in addition to maintaining the homozygous opaque-2 gene, multiple modifiers must be selected and rigorous biochemical tests to ensure enhanced lysine and tryptophan levels in the selected materials in each breeding generation require enormous resources. With the development and access to reliable PCRbased allele specific markers such as SSRs, and SNPs, marker assisted selection is becoming an attractive option for simply inherited traits. In this present study we have worked on a system that convert the line with two to three generations backcross programme that employs foreground selection for opaque- 2 gene in backcross generation and background selection to recover recurrent parent .Following this technique we have able to transfer QPM genes in the non QPM inbred (V 335, CM 141, V351) by QPM donor (CML 141, CML 161 and CML 176). In the cross V 335 x CML 141 the protein and tryptophan increased from non QPM (V 335) to its QPM version (V 335 x (V 335 x CML 141) by 2.12 % and 85.71 %, respectively. Keywords: QPM, Protein, Tryptophan and Backcross generation.

119

THE EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITIES AND PLANT ORIENTATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN WHEAT CULTIVARS Hava Mirzadeh ABGARMI1, Abbas BIABANI2*, Ali Rahmeni KARIZAKI3. Hossein Ali FALAHI4, Azarnia5 1

Master student in the agronomy Plant Production Department, in Gonbad Kavous University, Iran 2 Faculty member of Plant Production Department, in Gonbad Kavous University, Iran 3 Faculty member of Plant Production Department, in Gonbad Kavous University, Iran 4 Research educator of Agricultural Research station of Gonbad Kavous 5 Master student in the agronomy Plant Production Department, in Gonbad Kavous University, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract In order to study the effect of plant density and plant orientation on yield and yield components in wheat cultivar, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research field of Gonbadkavus University in 2012. The treatments were included plant orientation (north-south, east-west, northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast), plant densities (250, 300 and 350 plant per square meter) and two cultivar (Koohdasht and line 17). The results of variance analysis indicated that the effect of density, orientation, cultivar and their interaction on number grain per square meter, thousand grain weight were significant at levels of %1 and %5, but these treatments on grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were not significantly affected. The effect of plant orientation and cultivar on grain number per spikelet and spike was significant at %1. An interaction of plant orientation, plant density and cultivar on thousand grain weight was significantly at %5. In the plant density of 350 plants per square meter the orientation of east-west and the cultivar of koohdasht had the highest number grain per square meter, number grain per spikelet and thousand grain weight. Key words: cultivar, density, plant orientation, wheat, yield and yield component.

120

A NOVEL METHOD FOR DETERMINING HEALTH STATUS OF GREENHOUSE CROPS USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND FUZZY LOGIC TECHNIQUES Keyvan ASEFPOUR VAKILIAN, Jafar MASSAH* Departement of Agrotechnology, University of Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract In this study, a machine vision system was developed to evaluate the performance of a novel plant monitoring system in real‐time monitoring of potato growth in a greenhouse by extracting image textural features. A hydroponic greenhouse was chosen to collect data. One row was selected near the centre of greenhouse in a time of one month after two-leaf stage. 100 leaves were picked randomly from the row every five days at 12:00 am and were brought to the laboratory to measure the image textural features. Laboratory consisted of a digital colour camera for taking the images, an LED array for providing a uniform lightening and a computer for measuring the textural parameters from the obtained images. After analysing the colour features of the focused image, three textural features (entropy, energy and homogeneity) were extracted to identify plant quality. The aim of this research was to develop and test a fuzzy logic model for the detection of health status using these three image textural features. The next step was to transform the input variables into fuzzy values by the linguistic interpretation through membership functions and the grade of membership, with a range of [0,1]. By defuzzification, fuzzy values were transformed into a single number, representing the real variable, e.g. whether a plant is healthy or not. Results showed that such this system was able to classify infected and healthy plants with efficiency rate of 96%. Keywords: Phytomonitoring; Fuzzy sets; Machine vision; Tomato.

121

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A ROBOTIC DATE HARVESTING MANIPULATOR Elias RAZZAGHI, Jafar MASSAH*, Keyvan ASEFPOUR VAKILIAN Departemt of Agrotechnology, University of Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Iran is one of the major producers of the date palm. Date can be found at the top of the palm tree, so the harvesting process is a difficult and dangerous job for workers. A harvester manipulator was designed to obtain the advantages of mechanized and automatic harvesting methods such as elimination of the dangers of working in high elevations, quality enhancement of the harvested product and the harvesting speed. In this research, a mechanism was introduced to move along the curve shaped (U shape) rail. The cutting tool (end effector) was a chain saw which could pick the date bunches by a three prismatic joint manipulator. To make easier for operator to explore and watch the date bunches, a camera was installed on the platform of the manipulator. The control system of the robotic manipulator and end effector was teleportation (master slave) system using a control box with two joysticks that triggered tree main motors of the manipulator. For collecting the cut bunches, a store was connected under the U shape basket. In real conditions, the velocity of radial movement mechanism was measured about 0.38 m/s and the velocity of elevator for end effectors lifting/lowering was 0.42 m/s and 0.47 m/s, respectively. Results showed that the velocity of the end effector was suitable for cutting the stems prepared for the tests. The trolley traversed the U shape rail successfully at the speed of 3 m/s. This manipulator is recommended for installation on a telescopic elevator in operational field tests. Keywords: Date harvester; Robotic Manipulator; Date Mechanization; Curve shaped rail.

122

HEAT FLUX FOR THE SOIL SURFACE DARKNESS Jafar MASSAH1, Behzad AZADEGAN2 1

2

Department of Agrotechnology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Department of Irrigation and Draining Engineering, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract This paper aims at the study of soil surface coloring effect, using natural color made of walnut shale, on soil temperature increase. Bulk density, soil texture and the volumetric moisture content were determined. Daily temperature was controlled every two hours at soil depths of 5, 10, 20 and 30cm during five consecutive days by a laser thermometer. The results showed that coloring the soil surface and its darkening leads to an increase in solar radiation absorption and subsequently soil surface temperature, which, in return, results in 5C rises in average of daily temperature and 15.78 Wm-2 in average of the soil heat flux at 5cm depths as well as increase in soil heat storage, comparing to the index plots (uncolored soil). Keywords: soil temperature, darkening soil surface, germination, plant growth, solar energy.

123

EXAMINATIONS OF AMPELOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION AND CYTOGENETIC STATUS OF AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPE VARIETY WHITE WINTER IN R. MACEDONIA Biljana KORUNOSKA1*, Zvonimir BOZINOVIC2, Klime BELESKI1, Dusko NEDELKOVSKI1 1

Institute of Agriculture, University "Ss. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 2 Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Examined in this paper was autochthonous or indigenous table grape variety White winter. This variety is widespread in vineyards limited to the territory of the Republic of Macedonia and in some neighboring countries and it can be grown in areas where it can reach a good maturity. In fact, before the advent of phylloxera was more prevalent in the Republic of Macedonia and not lost like variety and also assortments of our country is represented by a higher percentage than other autochthonous varieties. Autochthonous varieties are characterized by more stable and strong properties that in most dominant and positive. Their properties with planned and controlled selection can be used as a good genetic fund in future generations. Autochthonous varieties have great importance in a country like priceless treasure and a significant genetic germ-plasma, which should be further examined, preserved and utilized. In the period from 2004 to 2010, performed concrete and detailed examinations of ampelographical description and cytogenetic status of White winter variety with respect to the origin (ancestors) and descendants in this variety and many of these tests are presented in this paper. Keywords: autochthonous varieties, genetic fund, ampelographical description, cytogenetic status, origin

124

THE INFLUENCE OF THE GROWTH STAGE AND FERTILIZATION ON THE CONTENTS OF CHLOROPLAST PIGMENTS AND THE YIELD IN ALFALFA Elmi JUSUFI1*, Mentor ZEKIRI2, Xhabir ABDULLAHI3 1

University of Cyrilus and Methodius “Institute of Animal Science” Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 2 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 3 State University of Tetova, Tetova, Republic of Macedonia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Experimental alfalfa (Banat ZMS II) was cultivated in vegetation pots containing 12 kg aer- ated dry soil with known content of magnesium, taken from four locations: Saray, Yegunovce, Radusha and Kodzhilari. The experimental alfalfa was fertilized with 10 grams/pot NPK (15: 30:15+ microelements). In the phase before flowering the experimental alfalfa variants (nonfertilized) showed lower average contents of chloroplast pigments (a+b) in the leaves for 5.13% (241.93 mg/100g FW) compared to those measured in the flowering phase (255.01 mg/100g FW), while in the fertilized variants in the pre-flowering phase they were 4.03% (268.77mg/100 FW) lower than those in the flowering phase. The measured contents of chloroplast pigments in the leaves of the fertilized alfalfa plants of the experimental variants in the flowering phase (280.05 mg/100 g FW) on average were 9.81% higher than those of the nonfertilized plants. The fertilization performed also showed influence on the content of carotenoides which in the flowering phase in the fertilized plants had higher average value for 22.85% (42.90 mg/100 g FW) compared to that in the nonfertilized plants (34.92 mg/100 g FW). The fertilization performed showed significant influence on the total yield of green mass in all the experimental variants, the same being on average 24.7% higher than the yield of the non- fertilized alfalfa plants. The variant from Radusha showed higher sensitivity to fertilization. Key words: alfalfa, vegetative growth, flowering, fertilization.

125

CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPRANILLO GRAPE VARIETY (Vitis Vinifera L.), GROWN IN TIKVEŠ'S VINEYARD Violeta DIMOVSKA1*, Zaneta NECEVA2, Sanja DURAKOVA3, Fidanka ILIEVA1, Elena BOGEVA4 1

University "Goce Delcev", Faculty of agriculture, Štip, Republic of Macedonia 2 Winery "BOVIN", Industriska, Negotino, Republic of Macedonia 3 Winery "POVARDARIE", Negotino, Republic of Macedonia 4 Winery "ELENOV", Demir Kapija, Republic of Macedonia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The studies were conducted on the grape variety of tempranillo on the production plantations located on the site of Lepovo in the Tikveš vineyards, owned by Bovin winery. The plantations were planted in 2006 with certified planting material at the distance of 2.4 m between the rows and 1 m between the vines in a row. The applied farming system is the two legged Guyot system by leaving 7 buds per vine. Optimal agro-technical and ampelo-technical measures were applied. The plantations are under a drop-by-drop irrigation system (drip irrigation system). In the period of the study (2010-2012) the following elements were taken into consideration: realized yields (kg/vine) chemical composition of grape must (sugar, total acids, pH) and chemical analysis of the wine. The results show a slight variation in yield (coefficient 10.36) which is due to the age of the grape or it is in the second (2010) and third (2012) year of harvest. The must contains 237 g/L sugar, 5.6 g/L total acids, average of 13.71 vol% and degustation score of 18.0 points, which are due to the selective harvesting of the grapes and the method of vinification. Key words: tempranillo, yield, must, wine.

126

THE INFLUENCE OF QUALITY OF PLANTATIONS AND AGROTECHNICAL MEASURES ON A YIELD OF LETTUCE (Lactuca Sativa L.) Gavro KALUDJEROVIC*, Natasa MIRECKI Biotechnical faculty, University of Montenegro, Montenegro Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The experiment has been set up in the plain of Zeta (in the region of Podgorica) with a goal to determine the influence of time of planting, fertilizers (Slavol, WUKSAL super 8:8:6+me i Poly-Feed MAR 20:20:20+me) and substrates (Profisubstrat i Blumenerde) on a cultivation of lettuce. The examined parameters were height of the head, diameter of the head, total leaf number of the head, the number of damaged head leaves and the dry matter inside of lettuce. When it comes to the lettuce treated with Poly-Feed MAR, on both substrates, the biggest height of a head (17,55cm), the biggest diameter of a head (25,7cm), the biggest mass of a head (173,2g) and the biggest number of damaged head leaves has been noticed. The dry matter inside of every examined lettuce ranged from 5,40% to 6,24%. The smallest amount of dry matter inside was measured on Profi-substrat with plants treted with Poly-Feed MAR (5,51%) and the biggest with plants treated with Wuksal (5,93%). Based on the obtained results for growing lettuce on an open field, in the examined specified climatic and edaphic conditions in the plain of Zeta, using 30 % of shadows, it is recommended to do the early planting (first time), to use Blumenerde substrate and for plantation nutrition the Poly-Feed MAR. Key words: lettuce, head, Nadine F1, yield, dry matter

127

PHENOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAJOR POMEGRANATE (Punica Granatum L.) VARIETIES GROWN IN DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF MONTENEGRO Miroslav CIZMOVIC*1, Ranko POPOVIC1, Ahmed DZUBUR2 1

2

Biotechnical Faculty Podgorica, Montenegro Agromediterannean Faculty Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina *(Corresponding author: [email protected])

Abstract This paper presents the results of a three-year study (2002-2004) on phenological characteristics of the three most common pomegranate varieties (Slatki barski, Šerbetaš and Dividiš meke kore), grown on three different agro ecological sites (Bar, Dobra Voda and Golubovci). Research of phenological characteristics was carried out based on phenological key by Fiin et al., 2007, and phenological key for pomegranate (Melgarejo et al., 1997). The beginning of vegetation, which is manifested by the swelling buds and the appearance of the first leaf started the earliest in the Bar locality in cultivars Slatki barski and Šerbetaš, in average 6 days for the period. This statistically significant difference was a direct consequence of warm maritime climate and slightly higher temperatures at this time of year compared to the other two sites. The beginning of flowering was the latest (11 to 22 days), in locality Dobra Voda for both varieties, statistically significant delay comparing with two other sites. The earliest fruit ripening was registered in 2003 in variety Slatki barski in the locality Bar (end of September). The differences between the varieties were in range of 14 days. The latest ripening was in Šerbetaš variety in Dobra Voda, statistically significant later than the other varieties in locations. Defoliation is a direct consequence of the cold and strong north winds so, for this phenological stage it can be considered that is directly caused by these meteorological factors. Keywords: phenological characteristics, pomegranate, Punica granatum L.

128

IMPACT OF APPLYING DIFFERENT PHYTOHORMONES ON ROOTING POTENTIAL OF HARDWOOD CUTTINGS OF ARONIA (Aronia Melanocarpa Michc.) Sandra KOVACEVIC, Ranko POPOVIC*, Miroslav CIZMOVIC Biotechnical Faculty, University of Podgorica, Montenegro *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract This paper presents results a one-year (2014) studying the influence of phytohormones IBA (2000 ppm), NAA (0.5%) and Nextra (0.5%) on rooting properties in hardwood cuttings of chokeberry. Examination is conducted in the greenhouse of the Centre for Subtropical culture in Bar. The following three varieties of Aronia are studied: Viking, Nero and Moravia slatkoplodna. The best rooting is registered in the varieties Viking (95, 20%) whose cuttings treated with IBA (2000 ppm), while the lowest in cv. Moravian slatkoplodna (89, 50%) treated with Nextra (0.5%) phytohormones. All cultivars (Viking, Nero and Moravia slatkoplodna) achieved the best rooting potential of hardwood cuttings treated with IBA phytohormone in concentration of 2000 ppm. Keywords: aronia, variety, phytophormone, hardwood cuttings

129

STANDARDIZING DISEASE PARAMETER TO ESTIMATE YIELD LOSSES CAUSED BY NORTHERN CORN LEAF BLIGHT FOR EASTERN INDIA Rajesh SINGH*, Mufid ALAM, R.P SRIVASTAVA Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract An experiment was conducted involving 53 maize inbreds to screening for disease resistant to Northern Corn Leaf Blight in two environments, E1 (BHU Varanasi), E2 (Nagenhalli Mandya Karnataka). The data was recorded for disease score (1-5 scale), Percent Disease Index (PDI) and AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve) for disease score. The disease data was also recorded for Lesion Area and further AUDPC curve was drawn on the basis of lesion Area recorded at three different plant growth stages (Flowering, Dough and Brown husk). The correlation studies were conducted involving five traits. Viz, 1-Disease Score, 2- Percent Disease Index (PDI), 3- AUDPC based on Disease Score, 4-Lesion Area and AUDPC based on lesion area with yield and plant height. The study was also part of Experiment, which was conducted to understand and evaluate appropriate Mapping Population with respect to appropriate disease trait. This study also helped in understanding that trait Area Under Disease Progress Curve calculated on the basis of disease scale (1-5) taken during five interval of time (1-Pre-flowering at 30DAS and 40DAS, 2-Flowering stage at 55DAS, 3-Dough Stage at 70DAS, 4Brown Husk stage 85DAS). So if we have to Map Northern Corn Leaf Blight for disease resistance then the recorded data on AUDPC curve based on disease score measured during above five times during crop growth development is ideal. The study has revealed that AUDPC of disease score is most appropriate traits to study the Northern Corn Leaf Blight. Further, the screening studies have helped in identification of disease resistant genotype among 53 maize inbreds studied, which resulted 2 highly resistant; 11 resistant; 25 moderate resistant; 12 susceptible and 3 highly susceptible in Environment-1 (BHU Varanasi) and 1 highly resistant; 5 resistant; 35 moderate resistant; 7 susceptible and 5 highly susceptible in Environment-2 (Nagenhalli Mandya Karnataka); Whereas correlation analysis revealed that AUDPC estimates based on disease score are ideal indicator to study disease resistance. Key words: NCLB, AUDPC, Mapping population, Maize inbreds, Disease scoring.

130

STATUS OF DATE PALM CULTIVATION AND PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN Ghulam Sarwar MARKHAND, Mushtaque Ahmed JATOI Date Palm Research Institute, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Although Pakistan is the major Dates producing and exporting country in the world, but due to various reasons, peoples outside Pakistan know very little about date palm status in Pakistan. Khairpur (Sindh) and Turbat (Balochistan) districts are hub of dates production and are diversity center of date palm varieties in Pakistan. Unfortunately few of them are of commercial value and are succeptible to monsoon rains. Offshoots are the only source of planting materials since ancient times in Pakistan. However, initiatives for commercial production of date palm through tissue culture is taken by date palm research institute at Khairpur, Sindh. This article summarizes the Date palm production situation, Traditional cultivation practices and the recent trends, varietal diversity and trend of cultivation of exotic varieties, Tissue culture of elite local and international cultivars of date palm, Pests & disease problems and control strategies, need of advanced dates processing and preservation units, setting standards of Pakistani dates in comparison with International standards, market diversification and establishment of modern marketing system facilities. It is an urgent demand to establish a national industrial technology innovation system from breeding, cultivation and postharvest in Pakistan. Key words: Cultivars, Cultivation practices, Date palm, Khairpur, Pakistan, Production situation.

131

INFLUENCE OF SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEM UPON WHEAT YIELD IN SOUTH-EASTERN ROMANIA AREA Doru Ioan MARIN1*, Teodor RUSU2, Costică CIONTU1, Mircea MIHALACHE1, Leonard ILIE1, Ciprian BOLOHAN1 1

2

University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Soil tillage system has direct influence on crop plants and soil conservation. Research was performed on a chromic luvisol within the experimental area, located in Southeastern Romania (Didactic Farm Moara Domnească within University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest). Basic soil tillage consisted in four graduations: v1 - plough 20 cm (control), v2-chisel 20 cm, v3chisel 40 cm, v4 - disk 10 cm. The paper includes results obtained from the wheat crops of 2012 and 2013. The variety cultivated was Apache, sowing in October with a density of 450 grains germinabile/sqm. Fertilization was applied rate N120P60K60 kg a.s./ha. From a climatic point of view the two years were characterized by a thermal regime above the normal value of the area and by a rainfall regime bellow the regular value of the area. Soil tillage applied to wheat crop influenced both yield components and its level. The average density of wheat spikes at harvest ranged from 670 spikes per sqm (in control - plough 20 cm) to 704 spikes per sqm in chisel 20 cm and grain weight per spike varied between 0.97g (chisel 20 cm) and 1.0 g (plough 20 cm). Yields obtained ranged from 6,536.0 kg/ha in variant a4 - disk 10 cm to 6,854.0 kg/ha in chisel 40 cm. Conventional soil tillage has resulted in a production of 6,737.0 kg/ha Differences between experimental variants were not statistically assured (LSD 5% = 356 kg). Variants of minimum soil tillage represent alternative methods for wheat crop. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., soil tillage, yield components, grain yield

132

EFFECT OF COVERING ON SWEET CORN GROWING PERIOD AND SOME MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES Ferenc OROSZ Sapientia University, Department of Horticulture, Tirgu Mureş, Şoseaua Sighişoarei 1C, Romania *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract This paper aims at investigating shortening of sweet corn growing period with application of some technological elements in 2013: propagation time, propagation method, floating row cover. The choosen variety was a conventional sweet corn hybrid, very early ripening ’Spirit’. The following growing technologies were compared: 1. direct sowing of plants with floating row cover, early period 2. direct sowing of plants without row cover, early period 3. plants transplantation with floating row cover, normal period and 4. direct sowing of plants without row cover, normal period (regarded as control). The transplanted plants had shorter growing period by 6 days, compared to direct sowed covered treatment and were 15 days earlier harvested than control. Interaction of growing technology and plants covering had also favourable effect on some important morphological properties of ears such as weight of husked and unhusked ears, ear length, ear diameter, length of seeds and number of seeds. Key words: earliness, sweet corn, transplantation, fleece covering.

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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MO FERTILIZERS ON YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEED AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN TWO SOYBEAN (Glycine Max. Merr.) CULTIVARS Bogdan NIKOLIC1*, Vesna DRAGICEVIC 2, M. STOJILJKOVIC 3, H. WAISI 4, Sanja DJUROVIC1, Igor SPASOJEVIC 2, Milena SIMIC 2 1

Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Zemun Polje, Serbia 3 Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia 4 Institute for the Development of Water Resources ”Jaroslav Černi”, Belgrade, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract We examined the effects of two fertilizers on the basis of Mo and Co with a similar chemical composition, but different pH values (7,1 and 5,5) on the yield, chemical composition of seeds and some physiological parameters (growth and photosynthesis) in two soybean cultivars ("Nena", ZP015) during two years (2008 and 2013 for “Nena” and 2012 and 2013 for ZP015). In "Nena" cultivar Mo/Co fertilizer with pH of 7.1 does not affect the yield, while the Mo/Co fertilizer with pH 5.5 in the 2008 season slightly raised the yield. In cultivar ZP015 both Mo/Co fertilizers had very favorable impact on yield during the 2013 season, when they were optimal environmental conditions, in contrast to the unfavorable season of 2012, when there were no significant differences in yield. Preliminary results of analysis of influence of Mo/Co fertilizer with pH 5.5 on the chemical composition of cultivar "Nena" during the 2008 season indicated reduction of the seed content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, oil, inorganic and phytic P, while increasing the content of Cu, Zn, GSH, phenolic and β-carotene, the same total phosphorus content, all against control plants. Preliminary results of analysis of influence of Mo/Co fertilizer with pH 5,5 on the seed chemical composition of soybean cultivar ZP015 during the first season (2012) indicated higher content of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, total phosphorus, Pi, GSH and phenolic, same content of oil, and lower content of phytic P and β-carotene, all against control plants. In same soybean cultivars results of analysis of influence of treatment of Mo/Co fertilizer with pH 7,1 on the seed chemical composition indicated lesser effects. In the first season (2008) of growing varieties "Nena", we see strong growth of the plants during vegetative and the first part of the generative growth stages of soybean plants, which coincides with intense photosynthetic activity. But in second part of the generative growth stages of soybean plants of the variety "Nena", we see a practical cessation of growth and reduced photosynthetic activity, the redistribution of weight towards the generative organs ("Pouring seed"). However, this process is somewhat slower in soybean plants treated with Mo/Co fertilizer with pH 7.1. But, as you note, this retention of photosynthetic competency in soybean plants treated with Mo/Co fertilizer with pH 7.1 has no effect on the final yield. Key words: Mo/Co fertilizer; pH value; yield; chemical composition; growth. 134

INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC BIOSTIMULATORS TO THE QUALITY OF SAGE (Salvia Officinalis L.) NURSERY PLANTS Damir BEATOVIC, Slavica JELACIC, Djordje MORAVCEVIC, Vlade ZARIC University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract There are various biostimulators in the contemporary plant production which have effect on plant development. Active biostimulators substances, characterized by high protein content, are of natural origin and they have been produced by enzymatic hydrolysis. Since quality planting is a precondition to a successful production, intensive production methods, namely various natural (organic) stimulators, have been applied to find new technological solutions, which is the goal of the research. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) nursery plants was produced in polypropilene pots V 9B. Viva, Actiwave and Radifarm were the biostimulators added in sage nursery plants production, in the concentrations of 0,20 and 0,40%. The experiment included seven versions. Biostimulators Viva were used to water the planting each 10 days, while Actiwave and Radifarm was used for the same purpose each 15 days. Research results indicate considerable, positive effect of the use of natural biostimulators in the production of sage nursery plants. The best quality of sage nursery plants was achieved when Radifarm biostimulators was used in concentrations of 0,2%. Research presented in the paper was financed by the Ministry of Education, Science on Technological Development Republic of Serbia, Project III46001. Key words: organic, biostimulators, sage, nursery plants

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EFFICIENCY OF INOCULATION WITH AZOTOBACTER CHROOCOCCUM ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF MAIZE AND SUGARBEET

Nastasija MRKOVACKI1, Ivica DJALOVIC1, Djordje JOCKOVIC1, Mirjana JARAK2, Dragana BIJELIC1 1

2

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum strains on the root yield and white sugar yield of sugarbeet, as well as on the yield of maize, total microbial number and number of azotobacters in maize and sugarbeet rhizosphere. The effect of inoculation on microbial abundance in sugarbeet rhizosphere was evaluated in 2007 and 2008 at the locations of Pančevo and Rimski Šančevi. The experimental design was a randomized, complete block with four replications. The experimental object was the sugarbeet, cultivar Drena developed at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Five strains of Azotobacter chroococcum (1, 5, 8, 10 and 14) were used as microbiological fertilizer for sugarbeet. The strains are from NS Collection of Nitrogen fixing bacteria registered in WFCC World Data Center on Microoorganisms (registration number is 754 with the acronym (“NSCNFB”). The effect of inoculation on microbial abundance in maize rhizosphere was evaluated at the location of Rimski Šančevi. Three maize hybrids were used in the experiment: NS 444 ultra (FAO 400), NS 5010 (FAO 500) and Tisa (FAO 700) developed at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad. The microbial abundance in rhizosphere was determined during the growing season of investigated plants. Positive effect of inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum was on total microbial number and number of azotobacters in the rhizosphere. Inoculation significantly increased maize yield, root yield and crystal sugar yield. Key words: Microbial abundance, rhizosphere, sugarbeet, maize, yield.

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ALUMINIUM TOLERANCE IN PLANTS: GENETIC AND MOLECULAR BASIS Ivica DJALOVIC1, Zed RENGEL2 1

2

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad Zed Rengel, School of Earth and Environment (M087), The University of Western Australia, Australia & The UWA Institute of Agriculture (M082), Crawley, Australia *Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract Aluminum (Al) phytotoxicity is one of the major agronomic problems in acid soils. Crops, growing on acid soils, have lower yield as it relates to their potential because of the poorly developed root system that limits nutrient and water uptake. On the other hand, there is a considerable genotypic variation for Al tolerance in most common plant species. The genetic and physiological basis of Al–tolerance has been investigated in several crop and model plant species in which either Al sensitivity or tolerance has been observed. Selection and development of genotypes with enhanced tolerance to acid soils and toxic levels of Al is the only reasonable solution to this problem. The introduction of multiple Al-tolerance genes rather than a single gene would be more effective to improve Al tolerance, therefore increasing crop production on acid soils. Molecular approaches have led to significant progress in explaining mechanisms and detection of genes responsible for Al tolerance. Understanding the genetic, molecular, and physiological aspects of Al tolerance in plants is important for generating cultivars adapted to acid soils, thereby contributing to food security worldwide. The complementation between molecular technologies and conventional breeding is a crucial step to developing comprehensive research strategies aimed towards more efficient crop improvement in the near future. Key words: aluminium, tolerance, genetic and molecular basis, acid soils.

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GRAIN YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND MALTING QUALITY TRAITS OF SPRING BARLEY ON ACIDIC SOILS Milomirka MADIC1*, Dragan DJUROVIC1, Aleksandar PAUNOVIC1, Miodrag JELIC2, Desimir KNEZEVIC2, Branka GOVEDARICA3 1

2

University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy Čačak, Čačak Faculty of Agriculture, Lešak, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica 3 University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture *Corresponding autor: [email protected]

Abstract A varietal trial involving four genotypes of spring barley (’Jastrebac’, ’Dinarac’, ’Dunavac’ and ’NS-404’) was conducted over a three-year period at the farm estate of the Secondary School of Agriculture, Kraljevo (the experimental field of the Faculty of Agronomy, Čačak). The following traits were analysed: plant height, spike length, grain number per spike, thousand-kernel weight, grain yield, total germination capacity, grain protein content and extract content. All spring malting barley varieties achieved satisfactory plant height (75 – 84 cm), spike length (6.5 -7.5 cm) and good lodging resistance. The genotypes had a thousand-kernel weight of more than 38 g, as required by the malting and brewing industry. Thousand-kernel weight and average grain yield were significantly higher in ‘NS-404’ compared to the other varieties. Total germination capacity and grain protein content are important indicators of barley malting quality. The genotypes showed high values of total germination capacity and a range of protein content from 11.20% in ’NS-404’ to 11.85% in ’Dunavac’, which suggested their high grain malting quality. Key words: barley, grain yield, yield components, malting quality traits

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EFFECT OF SUPPORTING CULTURE AND INOCULANT ON QUALITY OF COMBINED VETCH SILAGES WITH OATS AND ITALIAN RYEGRASS Milomir BLAGOJEVIC*, Bora DINIC, Jasmina RADOVIC, Jordan MARKOVIC, Dragan TERZIC Institute for Forage Crops Kruševac, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The biomass of mixture of winter vetch K-10 and supporting crops were ensiled in the form of two factorial experiment 2 x 2 in three replications: the first factor A – type of supporting culture (a1 - oats, a2 - Italian ryegrass) and the second factor B application of bacterial inoculants (b1 - no inoculant, b2 - with the addition of inoculant). The suitability for ensiling and the chemical composition of the initial material and silages were established by laboratory methods, and the energy value of the silages (NEL and NEM) were calculated by computation. The lactic acid fermentation process was monitored via the level of dry matter content, pH, ammonia and soluble nitrogen and lower fatty acids. The biomass of Italian ryegrass is more suitable for silage because it has a better WSC/BC ratio. It was found that the type of supporting culture significantly influenced the level of CP in silages, with a mixture of vetches and Italian ryegrass, compared to the mixture with oats had by 41.5 gkg-1DM more CP (171.9:130.4), but at the same time had significantly higher crude fat content, Ca and P. The inoculants had no significant impact on changes in the chemical composition of silage, except for the reduction of the crude fat content and increase of BEM. Italian ryegrass contributed to greater production of lactic and acetic acids compared to the oats. The inoculant had a significant effect on the decreased production of butyric acid in average by about 6.0 gkg-1 (7.85:1.86). All silage treatments with inoculant, according to the methods of DLG and Flieg, were given/scored more points in relation to the treatment without inoculant. Key words: silage, vetches, inoculant, fermentation, proteins

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THE EFFECT OF DATE AND METHOD OF PLANTING MARSHMALLOW CROPS ON ROOT YIELD AND QUALITY Slobodan DRAZIC1, Helena MAJSTOROVIC2, Damir BEATOVIC3, Jela IKANOVIC3, Maja SUDIMAC2, Radmila BOJOVIC3 1

Serbian Association of Plant Breeders & Seed Production, Serbia 2 Tamiš Institute Pančevo, Serbia 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract In 2009 and 2010 factorial trials with marshmallow crops were carried out on three localities in Serbia (Municipalities of Nova Pazova, Petrovac na Mlavi and Pančevo). The effect od planting date (spring and autumn) and method (seedling and direct drilling in the field) on root yield and qualitative traits were examined. Trials were set in accordance with planned design, and experimental results were statistically analyzed. Via adequate analytical methods we determined corresponding values for important root quality parameters (plant fibres and fats, ash, phosphorous, starch, total and natural invert sugar and sucrose). Analysis of variance showed significant impact of date and method of planting marshmallow crops on crop yield. Both planting dates showed reliably higher yield of dried root planted in the field using direct drilling method, compared to seedlings. The average yield was 4.015 kg/ha, while usage of seedlings generated 1.575 kg/ha. Date and method of planting marshmallow crops didn’t have significant impact on values of important root quality parameters. Average value was highest for starch (34%), phosphorous content was 11,4%, plant fibres 12,3%, total invert sugar 8,4%, sucrose 6,9%, ash 4,16%, plant fats 2,06%, while natural invert content was the lowest (1,05%). These experimental results should be used in future technology designs for planting marshmallow crops in accordance with principles of sustainable agriculture. Key words: marshmallow, methods of planting, planting date, quality, yield.

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VARIABILITY OF PETIOLE AXIAL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SUGAR BEET GENOTYPE Snezana MATIC KEKIC1*, J. LUKOVIC2, D. KARANOVIC2, L. ZORIC2, D. DANOJEVIC3, N. NAGL3 1

2

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia 3 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Water flow within plants plays a crucial role in the exchange of nutrients and signal messengers between the different plant organs. The petiole of a typical foliage leaf provides the vascular connection between leaf blade and stem. The petiole vascular bundles are variously interconnected among themselves. Their numbers and the patterns of their arrangement may vary along the petiole. In this research we quantified petiole axial hydraulic conductivity of ten sugar beet genotypes. Petiole cross-sections were cut in positions sampled according to the principle of systematic uniform random sampling. On the basis of the petiole length, four sections (segments) per petiole were made. According to vessels cross-section diameter, petiole vessels were divided into the three size groups: a) vessels with diameter less than 15 μm, b) vessels with diameter between 15 and 30 μm, and c) vessels with diameter greater than 30 μm. Axial hydraulic conductivity was theoretically calculated using Poiseuille-Hagen equation. It comprised hydraulic conductivity of vessels with diameter greater than 30 µm and conductivity of those with diameter less than 30 µm. A significant genotypic heterogeneity was present in the petiole length, petiole cross-section area, as well in the petiole axial hydraulic conductivity. Significant differences in vessel size and frequency were recorded among segments and genotypes. The percent of vessels with diameter larger than 30 μm was not significant among segments. Significant differences in petiole axial hydraulic conductivity among different sugar beet genotype could also be linked to total area of functional xylem and variously interconnected among vessels. Keywords: significant differnces, vessels.

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EFFECTS OF INTERCROPPING PATTERN AND FERTILIZERS ON WEEDINESS OF RED MAIZE-BLACK SOYABEAN INTERCROPPING SYSTEM Snezana OLJACA1*, Zeljko DOLIJANOVIC1, Milena SIMIC2, Igor SPASOJEVIC2, Vesna DRAGICEVIC2, Mico OLJACA1 1

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade,Serbia 2 Maize Research institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Intercropping, as the ecological method, is one of the actions that can reduce problems with weeds. This paper deals with results of the effects of different intercropping pattern and fertilizers on weediness of red maize-black soyabean intercropping system in two-year period (2011-2012). Trial was set up on chernozem soil type in the experimental field of Maize Research Institute in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Red maize ZP Rumenka cultivar (FAO 700 group of maturity) and black soyabean, cultivar Dukat (maturity group 0) were included in the experiment. The intercrops were created according to the method of replacement series. Two different spatial designs were applied: the sowing of maize and soybean in strips or alternate rows and sole crops. The treatments of fertilization consisted of following variants: control, mineral fertilizer AN, organic fertilizer under the trade name "Royal Bio-Humus Offert" and microbiological fertilizer Uniker. According to results from the two study years, the fresh and dry biomass of weeds was lower in intercrops than in maize and soyabean monocrops in average and for each fertilizer treatment. Alternate rows, as well as strips influenced the weed biomass production in dependence of type of fertilization. In both, alternate rows and strips, application of microbial fertilizer increased the fresh biomass of weeds almost twice in comparison to other treatments. Extremely important fact is that in the intercrops variant, compared to pure crops of maize and soybeans, weeds mass is significantly reduced, primarily due to the increased number of plants per unit area. Key words: weediness, red maize, black soyabean, intercropping system,

142

CONSERVATION, TASTING AND UTILISATION OF WILD FRUITS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Milena STANKOVIC1*, Vasilije ISAJEV1, Stefan BOJIC1 1

Department Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Among the hundreds of forest species, particular attention is drawn to wild fruit species. The presence of numerous wild fruit species in Bosnia and Herzegovina, (Castanea sativa Mill; Cornus mas L .;Corylus avellana L .; Juglans regia L .; Malus silvestris (L.) Mill. Prunus avium L .; Punica granatum L.; Pyrus communis L .; Ribes grossularia L .; Ribes petraeum Walf.; Sorbus aucuparia L .; Sorbus domestica L .; Sorbus torminalis (L.) C r.; Rubus idaeus L .; Rubus sp. (blackberries) Vaccinuium myrtillus L .) are critical for forest genetic resources and also for pomology. They are significant natural resources as they provide inexhaustible gene pool which is extremely important for many reasons. Wild fruits are critical in plant genetic resources as they provide significant genetic potential for selection and breeding purposes. Wild fruit species are important components of biodiversity since they carry genes for resistance to diseases, pests and abiotic stress factors, and therefore act as a source of target traits in breeding varieties and rootstocks in fruit-culture. The general objective of a genetic improvement programmes of wild fruits should be the sustainable management of genetic variation in order to produce, identify and multiply well-adapted genotypes for operational planning. Some of the derived results of applied breeding techniques for improvement of some wild fruits species, are presented in this paper Key words: conservation, utilization, wild fruits, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILISING ON YIELD COMPONENTS OF MAIZE INBRED LINES Zdravko HOJKA Faculty of biofarming, Bačka Topola, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The study was carried out in the experimental filed of the Zemunsko Polje (Belgrade), on calcareous chernozem in the period 2001-2003. The traits of two maize inbred lines (L1 - FAO 400 and L2 - FAO 600) were observed in dependence on the time of the nitrogen application (No - control without fertilising; Nautumn - 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 60 kg K2O ha-1 applied in autumn (const.) + 100 kg N ha-1 (applied in autumn); Nspring - PK (const.) + 100 kg N ha-1 (applied in spring); N1/2 PK (const.) + 100 kg N ha-1 (half of which was applied in autumn and the other half in spring); N1/3 - PK (const.) + 100 kg N ha-1 (1/3 of which was applied in autumn, 1/3 in spring and 1/3 through soil dressing); Nmin - PK (const.) + fertilising in spring on the basis of the Nmin method, and forms of applied nitrogen: Urea (amide form), KAN (ammonium-nitrate form) and (NH4)2SO4 (ammonium form). Meteorological conditions significantly affected yield components of observed maize inbred lines. The greatest effect on the ear length of the observed maize inbred lines was achieved by the nitrogen application on the basis of the Nmin method. Ears with the greatest number of kernels were obtained in treatments with 100 kg N applied per ha in spring. The highest number of kernels per row were established in ears in treatments with fertilisers on the basis of Nmin method and 100 kg N applied per ha in autumn. Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, time of application, nitrogen form, maize inbred lines, yield components

144

VITEX AGNUS CASTUS L. (CHASTE TREE) Akçalı Giachino R. REFIKA1, Avcı Ayşe BETÜL2 1

Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey 2 Vocational School of Ödemiş, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree), belonging to Verbenaceae family, is an aromatic, ornamental, and medicinal plant. Especially used in treatment of pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS), menstrual cycle irregularities and insufficient lactation. In Anatolian folk medicine vitex is used as diuretic, digestive, antifungal and also against anxiety, early birth and stomachache. In addition chaste tree is a kind of dye and ornamental plant and used in basket making and also as a source of honey. The berry of the chaste tree contains a number of bioactive compounds: flavonoids (i.e. casticin, penduletin and kaempferol), iridoid glycosides (i.e. aucubin and agnuside), terpenoids (i.e. vitexlactam and rotundifurane), essential oils (i.e. limonene, α- and β-pinene), and ketosteroids. Essential oil of leaves and flowers: monoterpenes (major chemicals found: limonene, cineole, sabinene, and α-terpineol, linalool, citronellol, camphene, myrcene) and sesquiterpenes (major chemicals found: βcaryophyllene, β-gurjunene, cuparene, and globulol). In this study, medicinal and economic importance of the vitex in Turkey and around the world will be emphasize. Key Words: Vitex agnus-castus, Chaste tree, Vitex, pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS).

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ADAPTATION OF SOUTH WESTERN ANATOLIAN CLARY SAGE (Salvia Sclarea L.) IN WEST ANATOLIA Ayse Betul AVCI1*, Refika Akçalı GIACHINO2 1

Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Vocational School of Odemis, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey 2 Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the adaptation of clary sage in Odemis Vocational School of Ege University (Izmir) located in the West Anatolia (Turkey). Plant material was obtained from Atabey Vocational School of Suleyman Demirel University, located in the South Western Anatolia. Some biometrical parameters, essential oil and fatty oil contents were detected. Different parameters were measured: plant height, lower leaf width, lower leaf length, number of flowered branches per plant, length of main flowered branch, length of flowered lateral branch. Clary sage seeds were sown to the seedbed in October and the seedlings were planted in to the field at the end of the April. Parcels were planned in five rows of 3 m length with 60 cm between rows and 30 cm between row spacing with four replications. Essential oils from the inflorescences of the plants harvested at full flowering stages were obtained by hydro distillation. Fatty oils from the seeds of the plants harvested at full ripeness stages were obtained by extraction. The average values of the plant height was measured between 76.48 and 100.17 cm, leaf width was 19.69 cm, leaf length was 27.19 cm, number of flowered branches per plant was 5, length of the main flowered branch was 77.47 cm and length of flowered lateral branch was 58.63 cm. The essential oil content ranged between 0.16- 0.31%, fatty oil ranged between 1.8-3.7%. Key words: biometrical parameters, essential oil content, fatty oil content.

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EVALUATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE PROVINCE RIZE REGARDING ITS PLANT PRODUCTION POTENTIAL Yusuf SAVSATLI, Fatih SEYIS* Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences Department of Field Crops, Pazar/Rize, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The province Rize is located at the East of the Black Sea coast between the 40o-22’ and 41o-28’ meridians, 40o-20’ and 41o-20’ North parallels. With a rainfall of 2.300 mm/year its the most rainy province in Turkey. Rize displaying low sunshine has a temperature mean of 14 oC. This province has a climate displaying fresh summer, moderate winter and rainfall in every season. Reasons for narrow plant production design in Rize are; low pH and high sulphur in present production fields, limited I.and II. degree agricultural fields, not any development regarding agricultural mechanization because of rough terrain. Rize is displaying all tones of green and the amount of plant production area in Rize is 54.513 ha; corresponding to 15,2 % of the total area of Rize. Nearly most of the agricultural area (98,5 %). Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is the predominantly planted crop plant in this area and not any plant protection product is used in this area. 67,6 % of the total tea production of Turkey is provided by Rize and is followed by kiwi, hazelnut and other plants. The aim of this paper is to give brief information about the plant production potential of the Rize province. Keywords: Rize, Climate, Soil, Plant Production

147

THE EFFECT OF OSMO PRIMING (ZNSO4) ON SEED GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS AND FIELD EMERGENCY ON RICE (Oryza Sativa L.) SEEDS Seydi Ahmet BAGCI1, Negar Ebrahim Pour MOKHTARY2*, Emin DONMEZ3 1

2

Selçuk University, Sarayönü Vocational High School, Konya, Turkey Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 3 Central Research ınstitute for Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Zinc is plant micronutrient which is involved in many physiological functions its inadequate supply will reduce crop yields. Zinc deficiency is the most wide spread micronutrient deficiency problem, almost all crops and calcareous, sandy soils, peat soils, and soils with high phosphorus and silicon are expected to be deficient. Soil and foliar applications are the most prevalent methods of zinc addition but the cost involved and difficulty in obtaining high quality zinc fertilizers are major concerns with these in developing countries. Zinc seed treatments, which include seed priming and seed coating, are an attractive and easy alternative. In this study, Turkish rice cultivar Osmancık-97 was primed with ZnSO4 to improve seed germination speed, germination percantage and important components that affect yield. The results showed positve effect of osmopriming compared to control on seedling growth. The early and maximum germination was achieved on osmoprimed seeds. The results showed that the osmopriming could effect germination ratio of Oryza sativa positively and could be positively manipulated for increased yields of Oryza sativa. Key words: Oriza Sativa L., ZnSO4 , Seed, Germination speed, Germination percantage

148

STUDY ON COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC PATTERN IN CUCUMBER (Cucumis Sativus L.) Volkan GÖZEN, Abdullah ÜNLÜ Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Reseach Institute, Antalya, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract This research was carried out to determine heterotic pattern by using a line x tester mating design in cucumber inbred lines. In this study, general combining ability were evaluated with total yield per plant of cucumber in a line x tester mating design comprising 41 inbred lines and 2 testers and their 82 F1 hybrids in unheated greenhouse conditions. Forty-one cucumber lines were crossed to two line tester and two heterotic groups were also identified. The results revealed that line x tester interaction and differences among the inbred lines were high and significant for total yield per plant. Consequently, 16 inbred lines of the 41 lines tested were classified into two heterotic groups based on line x tester effects and test cross mean yields. Eleven and five inbred lines were placed into A and B group respectively. These 16 diverse inbred (11 maternal and 5 paternal) lines can be used parental lines in order to develop new hybrid cucumber varieties in cucumber breeding Key words: Cucumber, combining ability, heterotic pattern, line x tester, yield component

149

SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION IN BALKAN REGION: CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS Yalcin KAYA1 Trakya University Plant Breeding Research Center, Balkan Campus, Edirne Turkey, *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Sunflower a vital crop in Balkan area both for existing as a main crop in rotation and also being as the most preferable and consuming vegetable oil in the region. Eastern Balkan countries Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey exist in top ten sunflower producers in the world. However, Serbia and Moldova exist among important sunflower countries too. Mostly hybrid seeds are planting and broomrape parasite, broad leaf weeds, downy mildew are the main problems in sunflower production area in Balkan Region. However, genetically resistant hybrids are developed and used for broomrape, downy mildew and some other diseases. On the other hand, Clearfield System hybrids having genetically herbicide resistant sunflower hybrids and post applied Imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide controlling both broomrape and the main broad leave weeds effectively increase market share recently in the region. Sunflower production increases in the region due to higher demand for oil crops recently. Even though big increase in both planted areas and seed production in recent years, Turkey is the main importer in the region while other countries such as Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Serbia exist among the main sunflower exporter countries in the world. Turkey imports especially sunflower seeds from Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova crushes for domestic needs and also exports Middle Eastern and North African countries mainly. It seems that sunflower keep its position as the main oil crop in the region in the future too. Key words: Sunflower, Production, Balkan region, Problems, Solutions

150

WHEAT VARIETY SPECIFIC AT ONCE PROTECTION OF PARASITES AND PESTS BY PESTICIDES Zoran JERKOVIC*, Radivoje JEVTIC, Zeljana PRIJIC, Branka ORBOVIC, Mirjana LALOSEVIC Institute of field and vegetable crops, Novi Sad, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Enzymatic relist of S, P or Cl from gluten, dithiocarbamate, thiametoxam, and glyphosate by the products of genes for resistance to wheat leaf rust (Lr) was recognized across effect of consequential acids on chlorophyll. Nine wheat varieties were treated by aforementioned based pesticides at seedlings but these time infected by Puccinia triticina isolate. Assumed two last mentioned adequate sources result enhanced hypersensitive reaction or more prolonged the latency period. The Lr 29 in the variety Enigma accelerated degraded all pesticides except kresoxim methyl based while in varieties Simonida, Rapsodia or Tavita (Lr 1), NS 40S (Lr 3a), Metka or Gora (Lr 19) and Ilina (Lr 24) were effective to reaction type decrease when glyphosate dose was increased. Glyphosate was applied 3th while dithiocarbamate 5th June 2014th in field trial. Both pesticides reduced Pucinia triticina intensity and growth of Septoria tritici. Variety Pobeda exceptional by the difference in one week, application of sulphur containing herbicide with fungicide with fluorine and chlorine additional on C circle in March and sequenced by last mentioned elements ones late in April caused progressive yellowing during last decade of May. Behind the appearance were by heat stress viable Lr genes product, accumulated accelerate degradable residua adequate parasite and gluten. To facilitate of Pyrenophora tritici repentis toxin production, favour in reduction of leaf rust, application of herbicides containing S or P near heading while of neonicotinoides in the middle of grain filling appeared to be occasional economical multiple pests reducing solution focusing estimated specific Lr genes constellation. Key words: wheat integral protection, Lr genes

151

THE CONTENT OF MICROELEMENTS IN DIFFERRENT GENOTYPE OF ALBANIAN WHEAT Artiona LAZE1*, Valentina Arapi1, Vjollca LULJA3, Vladimir MALO3, Janja KRISTL2 1

Agriculture University of Tirana, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food, Kamez, Tirane, Albania 2 University of Maribor, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Pivola, Hoče, Slovenia 3 The transfer center center of the Agriculture Technology, Lushnje, Albania *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The aim of this study was to give an overview of the concentration of the most important microelements in different genotype of Albanian wheat. For this purpose, 20 winter wheat genotypes were analyzed for four nutritionally important microelements (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn). All genotypes used in this study, were grown in the same location in the year 2011-2012. The concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn were in the range from 34.17 mg/kg (PKR 2/12) to 75.67 mg/kg (PKR 15/12), 5.77 mg/kg (PKR 4/12) to 8.46 mg/kg (PKR 8/13), 22.12 mg/kg (PKR 3/12) to 38.34 mg/kg (PKR 10/12) and 35.2 mg/kg (PKR 14/12) to 63.7 mg/kg (PKR 9/12), respectively, on dry weight basis. Higher levels of several microelements were observed in the present study, as compared to previous study. Key words: microelements, genotypes, winter wheat, concentration, location.

152

POMOLOGICAL AND BICHEMICAL CHARACTERIZAION OF OF FIG (Ficus Carica L) GERMPLASM COLLECTED IN HERZEGOVINA Gordana DJURIC1*, Predrag ILIC1, Sanda STANIVUKOVIC1, Nikola MICIC1 Dijana VEGO2, Paulina SARAVANJA2, Ana IVANKOVIC2 1

University of Banja Luka, Genetic Resources Institute, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 University of Mostar, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Growing figs in Herzegovina generally has extensive character, as individual trees in the garden around the houses. Smaller orchards were planted recently, but still it does not have the character of significant production. Through coolaboration of two universities (GRI Banja Luka and FoAFT Mostar) inventory and sampling of 24 fig accessions were conducted in the region of Trebinje and Mostar during 2013. The trees were found in the gardens, boundaries as well neglected areas. The following characters of riped fruits are determined: the mass and fruit size, soluble dry matter content, total phenols content and antioxidant activity. The average fruit mass ranged from small fruit accession Zimica (29.17 g) to the greatest fruit accession Mostarka (72.85 g). The highest average fruit length was recorded in the variety Butunka (70.55 mm) and the lowest in Termenjača (37.02 mm). The highest average fruit width measured at variety Mostarka (55.83 mm) and the lowest at Zimica (37,01 mm). Soluble solids content ranged from 11.27% Brix in the acc. Vodenjača to 26.4% Brix in the acc. Zimica. The highest total phenol compounds were represented by acc. Crnica (536.44 mg GAE / 100 g fresh fruit), which in addition to the acc. Zlatulja has the best antioxidant activity (EC50: 40.45 mg of fresh fruits / mL). Initial characterization of the testedd fig accessions showed significant genotypic diversity. It is necessary to perform further detailed research on characterization and evaluation to assist in the preservation of the existing diversity to prevent the disappearance of the existing gene pool of fig. Key words: fruit mass, soluble solids, total phenols, antioxidant activities.

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THE INFLUENSE OF THE CONTAINER CELLS AND SUBSTRATE'S VOLUME ON THE PEPPER NURSERY-PLANT QUALITY (Capsicum

Annuum L.)

Jelena PLAKALOVIC*, Milica VESELINOVIC University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The goal of this study was to determine the importance of different substrates and the volume of container cells to the pepper’s growth in the initial stages, i.e. in the period of replanting. In May 2014, the experiment was exhibited in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture in East Sarajevo. The containers are used much in the seedlings production because they are practical and easy to be maintained. Each of these containers shows certain advantages and disadvantages, such as: the purchase price, durability, availability, the suitability of storage, transport and so on.The high-quality substrate must have a good water-air regime, to be rich with organic matters and easy available nutrition. The substrates have to be equable and constant, neutral to the slightly acid reaction, without the presence of the pesticides leftovers, hard metals, illnesses, pests and weeds.Two-factorial experiment was carried out in the laboratory conditions. The plastic containers of 7.3 and 80 cm³ volume were used and the following variants of substrates: Klasmanov, Slovenian and domestic substrate. The parameters were studied most of which the seedling development depends on as well as its quality (plant height, leaves number and plant mass). The pepper seedling was well formed only in the cells of 80cm³, so it has to be grown in the cells of this or slightly higher volume. In the cells whose volume varies from 7.3 to 33.5 cm³ only the seedlings can be grown which serve for replanting. The best formed nursery-plant is obtained by the variant with Klasmanov’s substrate. The average number of leaves is (11.25), the average tree height (10.64) and the average plant mass (2.86) that was obtained by this substrate shows the statistically significant difference in regard to the other examined substrate variants. Key words: containers, substrate, pepper, nursery-plant

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GENETIC VARIATION OF MACRO AND MICROELEMENTS IN GRAIN OF RICE (Oryza Sativa L.) Julijana CVETKOVIC1*‫٭‬, Trajce STAFILOV2, Katerina BACEVA2, Hristina POPOSKA1, Danica ANDREEVSKA1, Dobre ANDOV1 1

University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, Institute of Agriculture, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 2 University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, Faculty for Natural Sciences, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The effects of variety and growth location on trace elements distribution were investigating using four rice (Oryza Sativa L) cultivars recently introduced in R. of Macedonia from Turkey. The results obtained were compared with a domestic variety Prima Riska and with the, long time ago adopted and registered variety from Italy, San Andrea. The five newly introduced Turkish varieties (Paşalı, Efe, Hamzodere, Cakmak and Tunca) were cultivated in the eastern part of Macedonia, the region of Kochani, which is well known as a rice producing region. The present study was undertaken to investigate the quality of the rice produced under the climate and soil conditions in this region. The assessment of the genetic diversity of trace element distribution in the rice whole grain and in the polished rice grains is very important from different points of view. The most important is the quality of the grains as a source of nutrients for human nutrition, but also it is very important to investigate the ability of different varieties for adsorption micro and macro nutrients in order to establish the most suitable production techniques. Keywords: Genetic variation, macroelements, microelements, rice.

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QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF BUCKWHEAT Vesna MILIC1*, Branka GOVEDARICA1, Sinisa BERJAN1, Igor DJURDJIC1, Milovan SARAC2 1

University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Sistem Qualitas, Pale, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract During the two-year study (2011-2012) buckwheat samples from individual agricultural producers from the area of municipalitiy Cajnice were taken. Production of buckwheat in area of this municipality is carried out under the supervision of consulting services. To test the quality of buckwheat, samples were taken from four farms on which the same agricultural practices were applied and the grown variety was Gray. Analyses of samples were carried out in the accredited laboratory System Qualitas Pale. The analysis included moisture content, mineral matter content, fat content, protein, crude fiber, carbohydrate content. We analyzed the biogenic elements (K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe). In terms of content of moisture, protein, crude fiber and carbohydrates there were no significant differences in years of research and the research areas in which buckwheat was grown. Highly statistically significant differences have been found in mineral content and fat content in the fruit of buckwheat. The quality of hulled buckwheat fruit has been affected by location because buckwheat has been grown at different altitudes, and the quality of the soil on which it was grown varied. In 2012, the buckwheat was of poor quality compared with buckwheat grown in 2011. Key words: buckwheat, quality, year, locality, fats, proteins, carbohydrates.

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FABA BEAN SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH UNDER VARIOUS LEVEL OF SALINITY Salem ALGHAMDI King Saud University, Saudi Arabia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Tow experiments were investigated in a growth chamber and a greenhouse to study the response of three salinity levels (4,6 & 8 Ds/m) on seed germination and early growth of twenty faba bean (Vicia faba L. ) genotypes, derived from eight single crosses. Faba bean genotypes were characterized by different sensitivities to salts. Seedling height and dry matter were measured the seedling growth parameters. The three salinity stress parameters and seed germination as well as the two growth parameters showed a good coherence with all parameters, including systematic differences among saline treatments and the control (4dS/m). As salinity was increased seed germination, seedling height and dry matter production were decreased. As the salinity level was raised up by 8 dS/m, only eight genotypes (43% of the total) had a germination stress index of fifty five or more. The genotypes that showed a high degree of tolerance to salinity during germination. Several faba bean genotypes exhibited tolerance to salinity during germination performance. While other genotypes showed a higher degree of tolerance during the seedling stage than at the germination stage. Salinity stress had increased the protein content of seeds to some extent. The results revealed that protein pattern showed considerable effects of salinity stress on the protein bands. Obtaining results could be suitable for designing of breeding program to improve genotype performance of faba bean under salinity conditions. Keywords: Faba been seeds, seedling growth, salinity

157

COMPARISON OF YIELD PARAMETERS FOR KABULI CHICKPEA (Cicer Arietinum L.) GENOTYPES WITH THE FERN AND UNIFOLIATE LEAF TYPES Abdulkadir AYDOĞAN*, Cemalettin Yaşar ÇİFTÇİ Central Research Institute for Field Crops Ankara/Turkey *Corresponding author : [email protected]

Abstract This research was conducted to determine the yield parameters of ten unifoliateand ten fern-leafed Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars and lines, during the years of 2010 and 2011, in Ankara (Turkey) conditions. The experiment was planned in a randomized, complete-block design with split-plot and three replications. In the study, unifoliate- and fern- leafed cultivars and lines were evaluated for pod and seed number per plant, seed and biological yield per plant, seed and biological yield per hectare, and harvest index. Results showed that pod and seed number per plant, seed and biological yield per plant, and harvest index were not found to be significantly different between the unifoliate, and fern- leafed types. On the other hand, seed and biological yield between leaf types of chickpea were significantly different at the 0.01 level. The seed yields of fern- and unifoliate- leafed chickpea cultivars and lines were 2030 kg ha -1 and 1560 kg ha -1, respectively. The yield of the fern- leafed cultivar Inci was the highest with 2370 kg ha -1. Biological yields of fern-and unifoliateleafed cultivars were 5750 kg ha -1, and 4580 kg ha -1, respectively. The highest performance in biological yield was 6710 kg ha -1, and was obtained with Canıtez cultivar in fern leaf. Keywords: Chickpea, fern leaf, unifoliate leaf, cultivars, traits

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SEED GERMINATIONS OF 20 WILD SPECIES GROWING IN ANTALYA (TURKEY) WITH OUTDOOR ORNAMENTAL PLANT POTENTIAL Esin ARI1*, Ercan GÜRBÜZ2, Saadet TUĞRUL AY3 1

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey 2 Bartın Directorate of Provincial Food Agriculture and Livestock, Bartın, Turkey 3 Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Among the very rich plant genetic resources of Turkey, many plant species have the potential of outdoor landscape usage due to their aesthetic and functional characteristics. However, this diversity could not be evaluated well and cultivated enough. This study was carried out in Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute in Antalya, Turkey, between 2007 and 2009, under the project of TUBITAKKAMAG-105G068-106G020. It was aimed to cultivate 20 wild plant species, some of them are endemic, via generative production method. For this aim, the seeds of the species of Crataegus monogyna, Daphne sericea, D.gnidioides, D.oleoides, Erica manipuliflora, E.sicula subsp. libanotica, Ferula communis, F.tingtiana, Iberis attica, Limonium angustifolium, L.gimilini, L.sinuatum, Rosularia sempervivum subsp. sempervivum, Smilax aspera, Vaccaria hispanica, Vitex agnus-castus and the endemic species of Conringia grandiflora, Erica bocquetii, Gypsophylla bitlisensis and Ricotia carnosula were sown in different times without pretreatment, except than soaking them in tap water for 6 hours. According to the results of 35 germination trials tested in 20 species, 6 species (Crateagus monogyna, Daphne sericea, D.oleoides, Erica sicula, Rosularia, sempervivum, Smilax aspera) did not germinated under the present germination conditions, whilst 14 species germinated at different ratios ranging from 2% to 98%. Among the germinated species, Conringia grandiflora, Gypsophylla bitlisensis, Ricotia carnosula Vaccaria hispanica and Vitex agnus-castus were determined to be the most regenerative species germinating above 85% when their fresh seeds were sown. The germination results of this work were found quite promising for the cultivation and domestication of most of the focused wild plant species. Also, it is possible to increase the germination rates by different pretreatment applications in the forthcoming studies in particular non-germinated species. Keywords: Genetic resource, Outdoor ornamental plant, Endemic plant, Domestication, Cultivation

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UTILITY OF AFLP AND SSR MARKERS IN A FICUS CARICA CROSS POPULATION (BURSA SIYAHI*AKILEK) Hatice IKTEN1, Hilmi KOCATAŞ2, Selcan Sevinç SOLAK1 1

Akdeniz University, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Antalya, Turkey 2 Fig Research Institute, Erbeyli/Aydın, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSRs (simple sequence repeat, microsatellite) are among the most popular markers in genomic diversity and mapping studies in plants. These molecular markers can vary from several angles. Labor force, cost, polymorphism rates may vary. SSRs are species specific, co-dominant, and can be automated. AFLP technique can be applied to DNA of any organism and is a labor intensive marker system. In this study, the utilities of 10 AFLP primer combinations and 40 SSR markers were determined for a fig (Ficus carica) cross population. All of the AFLP primer combinations used was polymorphic. The highest number of polymorphic loci (18) was obtained with EcoTAA/MseAAA combination. EcoCGC/MseTCC combination produced 14 polymorphic loci. The lowest number of polymorphic loci was obtained with EcoTGC/MseAGG primer combination. Twenty-one of 40 SSR primers were found to be polymorphic and produced 21 loci, whereas 10 AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 98 loci. Although AFLP procedure is labor intensive, high polymorphism rate can be attained for a given primer combination. Keywords: Ficus carica,fig, AFLP, SSR, molecular markers

160

USING OF DORMANT SHOOTS ANALYSIS AT DETERMINATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF APPLE TREES IN EARLY VEGETATION IN APPLE ORCHARDS Kadir UÇGUN, Hüseyin AKGÜL, Mesut ALTINDAL, Bekir İLBAN Fruit Research Station, 32500, Eğirdir, Isparta-Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Leaf analysis is used as a standard practice for assessing the nutritional status of fruit trees in mid summer all the world. But, timing is not ideal for fertilizing practice. Many processes affecting yield and fruit quality happen in the early spring. In carried out studies on peach trees, dormant shoot sampling has proved to be fairly reliable procedure for all the nutrients for assessing the nutritional status in the early vegetation. In 2010-2011 years, this study was carried out on dormant shoots taken from 150 apple orchards at Isparta region in Turkey. Shoot samples were taken about 15 days before full bloom and Nitrogen, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and B contents of shoots were determined. When the all values were ordered from lowest to highest, the lower and upper percentage quartiles were used as cut-off reference values to represent a deficiency or excessive level, respectively, for each nutrient. Reference values were 0.63-0.81 % N, 0.12-0.15% P, 0.37-0.45% K, 0.84-1.24 % Ca, 0.11-0.16% Mg, 24.55-32.24 ppm Fe, 11.1217.55 ppm Mn, 12.96-21.90 Zn ppm and 13.33-16.00 B ppm. Keywords: Apple, Shoot, Nutrient

161

DEVELOPMENT OF DRIED FISH ROE AS A NOVEL DIETARY SUPPLEMENT ALTERNATIVE TO FISH OIL CAPSULES Osman Kadir TOPUZ*, Tuğçe AYGÜN Fisheries Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey *Corresponding author:[email protected]

Abstract Fish egg, known as roe is rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin A. Although fish roe is nutritious food stuff, the consumers can not benefit from nutritious content. In parallel to the recently increase in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming, there has been a remarkable increase in the production of rainbow trout egg in Turkey. This study aimed to develop a novel dietary supplement from rainbow trout roe an alternative to fish oil capsules by drying the roe of rainbow trout. Discoloration and pole yellow color in addition to fishy odor after the drying process are main quality problems of dried rainbow trout eggs. In order to prevent these problems, the paprika oleoresin as a colorant and flavoring agent, and salt (5%) were treated with eggs before drying process. The effect of paprika oleoresin addition on the physical and sensory properties of dried rainbow trout eggs was investigated. Increasing level of paprika oleoresin from 0 to 2%, increased the weight, bulk density, hardness and yellowness (a*) with redness (b*), decreased the lightness (L*) of dried roes. Increasing level of paprika oleoresin from 0 to 1% increased the sensory properties including odor, appearance, taste and overall acceptability. But further increase in paprika oleoresin level of 1%, caused the roes with bitter taste, dark reddish color and lowered sensory scores. It can be concluded that usage of paprika oleoresin up to level of 1% in maturation solution as colorant and flavoring agent contributes the product quality of dried rainbow trout roes. Keywords: Rainbow trout roe, Dietary supplement, Paprika oleoresin, Sensory properties.

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EFFECT OF PAPRIKA EXTRACTS ADDITION ON PHYSICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF RED CAVIAR Osman Kadir TOPUZ*, Tuğçe AYGÜN Fisheries Faculty, Akdeniz University,Antalya, Turkey *Corresponding author:[email protected]

Abstract Caviar is a nutritious seafood product rich in proteins, lipids and poly unsaturated fatty acids. Red caviar is produced from salmonoid fish eggs by maturating of eggs in saturated salt solution. In parallel to the recently increase in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming, there has been a remarkable increase in the production of rainbow trout caviar in Turkey. The discoloration and intense fishy taste are main quality loses of red caviars. In order to prevent discoloration and fishy taste, different levels of paprika extract (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/100 ml) were added into caviar solution. Red caviars were prepared in solution containing 10% salt and different levels paprika extracts, and maturated at 4 ºC for 36 hours. The physical (bulk density, hardness, color) and sensory properties of red caviar were significantly (P triticale > maize > barley > rye > sorghum > millet. Research on carp and other cyprinids suggests the potential to use these cereals as a partial substitute for wheat and maize in fish feeds. Key words: minor cereals, fish, nutrition

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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND FEMALE BODY SIZE OF APHIDIUS TRANSCASPICUS TELENGA (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) Ben Halima Kamel MONIA High Agronomic Institute, Tunisia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid, koinobiont, synovogenic and it is a bisexual with arrhenotoc parthenogenesis. This wasp is a specific parasitoid and it’s among interesting biological control agents against the mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni species complex Geoffroy (Hemiptera: Aphididae). This pest attacks trees of the genus Prunus such as almond, apricot and peach. In order to assess the effect of temperature and the nature of host plant on the performance of the mealy plum aphid’s parasitoid A. transcaspicus, we used nochoice tests and we followed its biological parameters such as adult longevity, female body size, development time, parasitism rate, emergence rate and sex-ratio under controlled conditions. The experiments are conducted with two host plants: Phragmites communis and Prunus amygdalus (almond) and at four different temperatures: 20, 23, 25 and 27°C. The experiments showed that the shortest adult longevity was 3 days (± 1) at 27°C and the longest one was 9,6 days (± 6) at 20°C, both on P. communis. In addition, the biggest females in body size appear at 20°C too. However, the highest parasitism and emergence rates are recorded for almond at 25°C and the values are respectively 0,4 and 0,51. Besides, sex-ratio is female-biased for both host plants undependably of temperature. Finally, we conclude that the best temperature for the success of parasitism and emergence is 25°C on almond with 5,4 days (± 2) of adult longevity, 8,7 days (± 1,5) of prenymphal development time and 14,6 days (± 2) of preimaginal development time. For body size, the highest value was obtain for female reread on almonds at 20°C. Key words: Aphidius transcaspicus, temperature, host plant, parasitism, emergence, sex-ratio, longevity, development time, female body size.

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THE ORIGIN OF THE EMBRYOGENIC MICROSPORE DIVISIONS IN ANTHER CULTURES OF ANEMONE CORONARIA Esin ARI1*, Saadet BÜYÜKALACA2 1

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey 2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University Adana, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The studies conducted on the haploid plant production of Anemone coronaria are quite limited in the literature. A few present haploidy studies were done via androgenenesis methods, mostly anther culture, and haploid efficiencies of them were found generally in low ratios. The reason of this state could be attributed to the fact that haploid ontological development of the microspores of this species could not be revealed well with the sufficient data. This study was carried out to investigate the periodical embryologic growth of the microspores in the anther cultures of a wild population of A.coronaria var. coccinea growing in Adana, Turkey. The anthers were cultured in solid B5 (with 0.5 mg/l IAA and 0.1 mg/l BAP) and NN (with 1 mg/l IAA and 0.1 mg/l BAP) media for 8 weeks according to our previous relatively successful findings. At the end of each week, 10 anthers in a 60 mm Ø petri dish were transferred to FPA fixation liquid, then they were subjected to a histological dying technique, sectioning method, after 8 weeks. According to this method, the preparation samples of anthers’ thin sections stained with Haematoxylin dye were prepared and microspore developments in the sections were observed under the light microscope. It was determined that different nucleus divisions could be induced in the microspores and the embryogenic divisions in the responsive microspores had derived from simetric, generative and vegetative nucleus divisions. To summarize, it was found that A.coronaria microspores follow multiple routes for haploid embryogenesis while most of the other plant species follow generally one or two routes. Key Words: Poppy anemone, Anther embryogenesis, Microspore division

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culture,

Haploid

Plant,

Pollen

TRAPPIST CHEESE HISTORY Drazenko BUDIMIR Agricultural Cooperative "Livač" Aleksandrovac bb Laktaši *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The original Trappist cheese, the product of the monastery of Marija Zvijezda in Banja Luka, is produced for more than 130 years. The specialty of this cheese is in its secret recipe which is transferred orally from a monk to a monk. Another particularity of this cheese is that only monks who passed vows and are inside the order community can produce Trappist cheese. As the production started in 1882, the cheese became a synonym for semi-hard cheeses in the area of South-Eastern Europe. After the Second World War, the monks produced it only for their own needs inside the monastery of Marija Zvijezda, and in this period there was neither opportunity nor interest by the legal representatives of that time to accurately describe its organoleptic characteristics and traits. Since the production of Trappist cheese has been revived in 2008, we can try to correct this injustice. The characteristic of the Trappist cheese is the wheel weight 1.6-2.0 kg and it has a natural rind which is yellowish, thin and smooth. Its consistency is soft, elastic, mild and can be easily cut. The cut is smooth with or without very little holes, and the color is pale yellowish. Its aroma is clean, milk-specific, and it is moderately saline and easily soluble. According to Gerber, the fat content is about 32 %, the water content is about 41 % while the dry matter is 56 %. Instead of a conclusion, we can only wish that the Trappist monks continue the production of the Trappist cheese and that political circumstances will not influence it as it was the case up to now. Key words: Milk, Monastery of Marija Zvijezda, Trappist cheese

239

KLILA: A TRADITIONAL ALGERIAN CHEESE ECOSYSTEME MODEL: MICROBIOLOGICAL, PHYSIC-HEMICAL AND SENSORIAL STUDY. Abdelmalek MERIBAI*, A. BENSOLTANE 1

University of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The aim of this study is to valorize the Algerian traditional cheese: Klila, by the appreciation of its microbiological, physicochemical and sensorial qualities and to select lactic acid bacteria that have technological applications. The study focussed on 22 Klila’s samples, prepared from cattle’s, goat’s and sheep’s L’ben, among which: 15 fresh samples and 04 dried samples collected from rural regions of Bordj Bou Arreridj’s wilaya, and 03 samples manufactured at laboratory. The latter devoid any contamination whereas the collected samples presented a bad hygienic quality, with average loads of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and feacal coliforms were respectively 9,93.105 and 8,08.103 UFC/g for the fresh Klila and 2,62.103 and 0 UFC/g for dried Klila. These cheese is characterized by an acid pH (4.10 – 4.60), high dry matter’s rate (27.22 – 48.53%) and low fat’s rate (2.07 – 13.7%). Sensorial analysis (ANOVA, ACP) showed that Klila made from goat’s milk is the most appreciated and that there is a correlation between physicochemical parameters and sensorial profile. Twenty lactic strains were identified; the dominant genera are: Betabacterium (50%) and Streptococcus (35%), followed by Enterococcus and Thermobacterium with percentages of 15% and 10% respectively. Lactococcus, Leuconostoc and Streptobacterium are the less dominant and occupied the same proportion of 5%. The technological selection has revealed strains with considerable technological and probiotic potentialities. Key words: Klila, Microbiological Quality, Physicochemical, Sensorial, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Technology.

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RESULTS REGARDING THE SCREENING OF DROUGHT RESISTANCE-INDUCED BY PEG 6000 TO SOME ROMANIAN SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES SAUCĂ Florentina1*, LAZĂR Daniela 2, LAZĂR Cătălin1 1

National Agricultural Research and Development Institute - Fundulea, Calarasi County, Romania 2 University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Plant physiology department, Bucuresti, Romania *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Improvement of tolerance to drought on sunflower is a priority objective for adaptation to forecasted climate changes. This paper presents the results of some quick tests obtained under osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 in 4 concentrations (5.0%; 10%; 15%; 20% and control). The new genetic material was represented by hybrid combinations resulting from a selection process that took place over a period of 7 years including all stages of the breeding (interspecific hybridization: H. annuus X H. argophyllus; backross, self-pollination and selection) and the parental lines. Ten seeds for each variant (in three replicates) were germinated in rolls of qualitative filter paper, maintained under laboratory conditions (20 ± 3 ° C) for 14 days and wetted daily (30 ml/roll) with the solutions the concentrations above mentioned. After two weeks the germination percentage, length of the plantlets were recorded. The optical activity of plant juice extracted with hand press was read with a ABBE refractometer (expressed as percentage concentration of a sucrose solution with a similar optic activity). For of PEG 6000 concentrations exceeding 15%, it was observed an increase in the optical activity of the extracted plant juice. Most of the backcross progenies originating from interspecific hybridizations exceeded the performances of the parental lines for germination, plant length and optical activity of plant juice under stress induced by PEG 6000. These results are correlated with response to drought of the same genotypes tested under field conditions in previous works. Keywords: Helianthus annuus; Helianthus argophyllus Torr. & A.Gray; PEG induced osmotic stress; drought; interspecific hybridization:

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3. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

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GMOS AND ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: SIX LESSONS FROM AUSTRALIA John PAULL School of Land & Food, University of Tasmania, Australia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract GMO moratoria are in place in Australia, in some states and not in others. Is coexistence possible between organic farming and GMO farming? And if so, under what circumstances? Australia has more certified organic land than any other country, with a reported 12.0 million hectares of certified organic land compared to the world total of 37.5 million hectares. In a recent court case, an organic farmer lost his organic certification because of GMO contamination. A total of 325 hectares of his 478 hectare farm were contaminated with GM canola blown from a neighbouring property, and this resulted in the decertification of most of the farm. The organic farmer sued his neighbour, a GMO farmer, on the basis of nuisance or negligence, he sought damages for loss of income, and he sought an injunction to rein in his neighbour’s future GMO farming practices. The case ran before the Supreme Court of Western Australia over three weeks and it generated more than 1000 pages of transcript. The case was dismissed in its entirety, in a 150 page judgment, and is now subject to an appeal. This paper examines the judgment, in the light of the trial transcript of this landmark case, with the view to determining the implications for the future of organic farming and GMO farming, and in particular to ascertain what lessons can be learned from this litigation. Key words: GMOs, Canola, Contamination, Organic Farming, Australia.

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YIELD AND QUALITY OF BLACKBERRIES (Rubus Fruticosus Agg.) IN ORGANIC PRODUCTION Nada ZAVISIC1*, Zeljko LAKIC1, Milutin MISIMOVIC2 1

Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska – Banja Luka, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 2 Agricultural department, municipality of Gradiska, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Organic fruit growing is mostly related to the berry fruit production (strawberries, blackberries, raspberries). The aim of this research was to examine the effect of water extracts of nettle, alfalfa and dandelion, with different numbers of days of fermentation, on yield and quality of blackberry. Field test was conducted during 2010 and 2011 on a plantation in municipality of Kozarska Dubica. Laboratory tests were conducted at the Agricultural Institute of the Republic of Srpska - Banja Luka. Water extracts of nettle, dandelion and alfalfa, with fermentation period of 14 days or 21 days were used. The content of macro-elements in water extracts was determined by chemical analysis. According to the research the average yields of blueberries were from 9.02 t ha-1 to 10.94 t ha-1. The highest yield was recorded in the treatment of blackberry bushes with extract of alfalfa with 21 days fermentation period. Average values of soluble dry matter in ripe blackberry fruits were from 9.06° to 9.36° Brix. The highest content of soluble dry matter in the fruit were found in the treatment with the extract of dandelion where the fermentation lasted for 21 days (9.50° Brix) and lowest in the treatment with extract of alfalfa with the same fermentation period (8.80° Brix). All tested treatments had higher yields compared to the control. The highest average yield was obtained by treating the blackberry bushes with water extract of alfalfa. The fermentation time did not have significant effect on the quality of fruits in any of treatments. Key words: blackberry, yield, fruit quality, water extracts.

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IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT APPROVAL AGES AT SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES ON YIELD AND PLANT HEALTH Insa KUEHLING1*, Sontka NUELLE1, Nina BOME2, Dieter TRAUTZ1 1

University of Applied Sciences Osnabrueck, Germany 2 Tyumen State University, Russian Federation *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Wheat is an important crop to meet the increasing demand for food and fodder. In Germany,it is the most common cereal crop, but only small area is cultivated with spring wheat. However, within the system of organic agriculture this acreage share is considerably higher. Diversified crop rotations with balanced proportions of summer and winter crops are an essential part of organic production systems. Thus, there is a need for varieties with potential under less intensive conditions. In a field trial, breeding progress among 7 European spring wheat varieties with different ages of approval (1949-2011) was investigated at two study sites in Germany and Russia. Newer varieties showed at both sites significant better yields (2 to 4 times higher) than the oldest one.Better lodging resistanceas well as lower vulnerability topowdery mildewwas observed at significant level for varieties released in the 2000er compared to 1949.Furthermore, individual yield-forming components like 1000-kernel weight, grains/ear and ears/m² were significantly higher among the newer than at the oldest variety. Overall, these results confirm breeding progress for the observed varieties over the entire period for their region of origin (Germany) and under other climatic conditions in Siberia, respectively. Keywords: spring wheat, organic agriculture, breeding progress

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FACTS AND VISIONS ON THE STATUS AND THE FUTURE OF ORGANIC FARMING IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES Ljupcho MIHAJLOV1, Vasko ZLATKOVSKI1, Olivera BICHIKLISKI2 1

2

Goce Delchev University in Shtip – Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Macedonia Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy – Skopje, Republic of Macedonia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The idea for conducting this research and comparative analysis elaborated in this paper, popped-out from several of our conclusions related to the Organic Farming (O.F.) in Macedonia and the Mediterranean countries. After close study of the SWOT analysis performed in Macedonia and by the Mediterranean countries it is clear that there are numerous common factors, resources, structures and gaps in the organic sector. The research goal in this paper is to present in a sublimated referent document in a form of listed strategic goals and instruments for development of O.F. in Macedonia and Mediterranean countries. The following methods were used: comparative-analytical, statistical and results from surveys are presented. The beginnings and developments stages of the O.F. are described, current status, sector analysis, on-going policies and development initiatives as well. The data related to the facts and visions are referred to the Republic of Macedonia, but relevant data on EU countries, candidate-countries and south Mediterranean countries are presented as well. The conclusions are formulated in a common SWOT analysis with special accent on the new possibilities for development of O.F. in the near future, especially through applicative scientific research activities. Keywords: organic farming, analysis, development, data, visions.

246

PLANT PROTECTION PRACTISE OF ORGANIC FARMERS IN MACEDONIA AND THE ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN PROVIDING SUPPORT Vasko ZLATKOVSKI*, Ljupcho MIHAJLOV, Sasa MITREV Goce Delchev University in Shtip, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Macedonia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Recent data from the Department of Organic Farming of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy are showing decrease of interest by farmers to continue the organic practice and new farmers are not sufficient in numbers to compensate the number of those one who made their decision to turn back to conventional principles. Searching for the reasons of such trend, the Department of Organic Farming at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy conducted own research and analysis present that major reason are low economic benefit. But, is it so? Is this the only reason for losing interest? A Study for Development of Organic Farming in the East Planning region in 2010, performed by the Faculty of Agriculture at Goce Delchev University in Shtip could be revealing something else under the surface. An interview on 983 farmer households, from 80 rural settlements in the East Planning Region was performed in a search of what are practices of the farmers, what is their understanding of what organic farming is. Finally, research in 2014 was conducted with assistance from one of the certification bodies, aiming to find out if our farmers are familiar with permitted pesticides that can be obtained on the market and are they relying on their application. Keywords: plant protection, organic farming, higher education institutions

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ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE IN POLAND Jadwiga KOTLARZ Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Ecological agriculture is system of rural production based on utilization natural processes, which gets on rural farm. Organic fertilizers for plants are fabricated in farm as well as pasture for animals. It is forbidden in ecological farm to use artificial fertilizers application, chemical pesticides and also all substance of chemical synthesis in pasture and organisms modified genetically. From rendered accessible data by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development result, that ecological agriculture spreads out in Poland permanently. Increment of ecological farms number is continuous. On day 31 December 2012, there was control of unit in year 2013 included certifying 26,5 thousand producers of ecological food. In that were 25,9 thousand of ecological producers farming on over 650 thousand hectare. There is growth about 10% of surface and numbers of farms relatively to 2011. In 2012, number of ecological farms amount to 25944. Majority of them was placed on north and northern east of Poland. When it comes to processing plants using ecological products, they were situated in middle and on east of Poland. Surfaces used for cultivation according to regulations about ecological agriculture in 2012 have totaled in amount over 661 687 ha. It is 10% more than in 2011. In period 2003-2011 surface of ecological application has grown 11-fold and it presents about 3.4% whole surface used agricultural in Poland. Average surface of ecological farms surpasses 26 ha presently, when it is much lower for conventional farms because one farm has about 10 ha middling. Key words: ecological agriculture, certification, ecological product, ecological farm.

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STRUCTURAL CHANGES AT THE POLISH ORGANIC FARMS IN 20052010 Wioletta WRZASZCZ; Józef St. ZEGAR Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Organic farms are the demanded and the fast-growing form of environmentalfriendly agriculture. The use of organic methods of agricultural production in accordance with the requirements of the soil, plants and animals characterizes this group of farms. Therefore, organic farms fit in with the concept of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. The purpose of this article is to present selected structures of organic farms against the background of individual agricultural holdings in Poland and the changes that have occurred in this scope in 2005-2010. This article focuses on the following structures of agricultural holdings: area, production orientation, income and social. In order to compare these structures, the relative index of the structure similarity has been applied. There were used the Central Statistical Office’s data. In the years 2005-2010, the significant increase in the number of organic farms was observed, prompted by government financial instruments and obligatory environmental standards imposed on agricultural holdings. Factors such as demand and prices were less important. The analysis of structures proved significant differences between organic farms and all individual agricultural holdings in Poland. The structural changes in organic farms are more intensive due to the significant increase in the population of farms characterized by the larger utilized agricultural area and the simplified structure of production. These farms were also managed by farmers with a higher level of education. Keywords: Organic farms, Structural changes in agriculture, Poland, the Central Statistical Office data

249

ORGANIC OLIVE FARMING AND ITS FUTURE: A CASE STUDY FROM TURKEY Figen CUKUR1*, Oktay CELİK2 1

Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Milas Sitki Kocman Vocational School, Departmant of Management and Organization, Milas, Mugla, Turkey 2 Milas District Directorate of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Milas, Mugla, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Organic farming is significant in terms of sustainable farming practices in the world and Turkey. Organic farming has importance both for crop and livestock sustainable production for the future. Organic production includes that the produce product by healthy, hygienic and quality criteria. In this reason, demand of consumers is increasing to organic products day by day. Organic farming has a potential in Milas district of Mugla province. Especially, organic olive production and number of organic olive producers has increased in last years. In this study, first of all, organic farming applications will be searched as general of Milas District. Then, future of organic olive farming will be evaluated as various criteria. Also, problems and solutions of organic olive farming will be discussed. Key words: Organic farming, Olive, Milas, Turkey.

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NUTRITIONAL CHALLENGES IN ORGANIC LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS OF THE TROPICS AND SUBTROPICS: CASE OF SHEEP PRODUCTION IN IRAN Shahin GHAZIANI* University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Considering the rapid growth of the organic food market in North America and Europe, an increasing number of agricultural producers in developing countries and especially tropical and subtropical areas tend to convert their production system to organic agriculture (OA). Due to the existing similarities between OA and traditional farming systems in many developing countries, it is possible for most traditional farmers to convert to an organic system. However, converting to such a system for livestock producers has always been challenging from a nutritional point of view. In this review, nutritional challenges in organic sheep production in Iran are studied. For this purpose, the general situation of sheep production, common feed resources and current rearing systems in Iran were described. Accordingly, present nutritional challenges for each production system to be converted to organic were also discussed. The results of this study revealed that sheep production in the range-band system to a large extent, and in farm-flock and semiextensive systems to a favorable extent, were in line with international organic standards regarding animal feeding. On the other hand, the feed-lot system was in contrast with organic definitions in general. However, the evidence seems to show that finding the adequate organic feed resources may be the major challenge for organic sheep producers in Iran. Keywords: Organic agriculture, Animal Nutrition, Sheep production, developing countries

251

ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: ORIGINAL CONCEPTS OR MODERN PRACTICES? Shahin GHAZIANI1*, Hossein MAHMOUDI 2,3, Samira SAHAMISHIRAZI1 1

2

University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Department of Social Sciences in Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 3 Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract In order to gain a better price premium, many agricultural producers from developing countries tend to export their organic products mostly to North America and Europe. The latter mentioned have the highest contribution in organic products market in terms of consumption (more than 85%). Regulations of Organic Agriculture (OA) limit the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The concept of organic agriculture however, emphasizes on low-external-input and high variety production system as well. Nevertheless, it can be observed that in many developing countries farmers, produce certified organic products by use of no synthetic chemicals, but of monoculture-based and high-external-input dependent farm management. This paper is a critical literature review aiming to look at production systems in some developing countries and to point out to what extent they are in line with original and ideal concepts of OA. The results of this study reveal that there are contradictions between organic ideals (e.g. holism) and practice. Although the organic movement is inspired by highly praised agroecological ideals, its development and implementation are inevitably shaped by global markets and politics. Accordingly, current modern OA practices do not live up to the ideals of the movement. The current practice of OA is associated with the concept in a capitalist and globalized agro-economy. Keywords: Organic agriculture, developing countries, Sustainable agriculture

252

THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR) IN HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS Peiman ZANDI1*, Shahram Khademi CHALARAS2 1

Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Excessive application of chemical fertilizers lead to several environmental hazards, causing damages to human, animal and ecosystem health. Their chemical remnants in both aqueous and non-aqueous (soil ecosystems) environments could potentially interrupt natural ecosystem balance which consequently results in several critical health issues and numerous side-effects to agricultural productivity in agroecosystems. Such environmental, agricultural and health crises call us for serious attention toward the production and application of environmentally friendly biofertilizers. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria lodging around or in the plant roots have several functional activities such as increasing the nutrient availability to plants (biofertilizers), promoting plant growth via phytohormones as plant growth regulators (phytostimulators), degrading organic pollutants like xenobiotic compounds (rhizoremediators), controlling plant diseases and protecting them from phytopathogens (biopesticides), improving soil structure and fertility(bioremidiators). In close future, they are expected to substitute by chemical fertilizers, artificial growth –dependent regulators and pesticides. Keywords: Plant agriculture, yield

growth

promoting

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rhizobacteria,

bio-fertilizer,

stable

THE ORGANIC MILK PRODUCTION IN POLAND – ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND PROSPECTS OF FURTHER DEVELOPMENT Marcin ŻEKAŁO Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The production of organic milk shows a continuous growth in Europe and the market supply still does not meet the demand for organic milk and its products. In Poland, the organic milk production is conducted on a small scale, mainly due to an underdeveloped market of organic products. However, among the consumers the interest in such products is increasing, as well as for the farmers the organic milk production may be considered as a one of profitable agricultural production. The purpose of this article is to reflect the economic situation of organic milk production in Poland and the attempt to define prospects of further development for the producers. Accounting data for ‘dairy cows’ activity were collected since 2006 and processed according to the rules of the Agricultural Products Data Collection System (AGROKOSZTY). Surveyed farms were selected from a sample of Polish FADN. Under the AGROKOSZTY system, the methodology of the gross margin was used (in accordance with the EU rules) which may give a full insight on actual direct costs and helps to determine the competitiveness of organic milk production. The income from ‘dairy cows’ activity account is based on the Polish FADN accounting data collected from the same farms. The survey indicate that the production results of organic dairy farms were significantly lower than an average results of dairy farms in Poland. In that case, the income of organic milk production strongly depends on the low level of production costs and the support of subsidies. Keywords: dairy farms, organic milk production, profitability.

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EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS ON THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC DURUM WHEAT Sassi KHALED*, Bel Hadj Chedli RIM, Abid GHASSEN, Cheikh M’hamed HATEM, Jarrahi TAREK University of Carthage, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Tunisia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The effects of the inoculation by two commercial inoculants in the presence and absence of compost were studied on some morphological, physiological, agronomical and genetical traits of cultivated wheat (Triticum Durum) according to organic cropping system. It was observed that the best grain yield, 1000 grain weight, grain number per ear, number of ears per square meter and ear length, is obtained in plants that received the combined treatment (compost before planting and inoculation with micorrhiza). The results showed that this treatment significantly increased biomass yield (9.1 quintals / ha against 7.2 quintals / ha in the control), chlorophyll (29.18mg / g MF against 13.24mg / g in the control), dry weight (7.1T/ha against 5.1 t / ha in the control), plant height (76.61 cm against 66.6 cm in the control) and the leaf area (18.93 cm2 against 12.4cm2 in the control). In the presence of compost, these inocula showed no effect on yield components and physiological parameters. However, an improvement in most of the measured parameters was revealed after the mycorrhizal inoculation in the absence of compost. On the other hand, a genetic study has validated the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on the mechanism of nitrogen assimilation in durum wheat before, during and after grain filling by studying gene expression profiles: GS encoding glutamine synthetase, NR for nitrate reductase, and the GSP for alpha-gliadin storage protein. This approach helped to reveal the importance of mycorrhizae in the overexpression of these genes in plants inoculated compared to uninoculated. Keywords: wheat, mycorrhizae, growth, yield, nitrogen assimilation.

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SUSTAINABILTY OF ORGANIC VERSUS CONVENTIONAL HAZELNUT PRODUCTIONS IN TURKEY Kürşat DEMIRYÜREK*, Vedat CEYHAN Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract The aim of this research is to compare the sustainability of organic versus conventional hazelnut production in the Terme district of Samsun province, Turkey. Structured interviews were used to collect data from 64 randomly selected conventional and all 39 organic hazelnut producers living in the study area. The sustainability of organic production activities was analysed in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. Sustainability index was calculated based on 15 sustainability indicators. Research results showed that organic hazelnut production activities were relatively more sustainable than conventional organic production. However, there were some issues for both group of production systems with regards to sustainablity. Key words: sustainability, sustainability indicators, organic farming, hazelnut, Samsun, Turkey

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ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: TURKEY AND EUROPE Mehmet Arif ŞAHİNLİ Department of Agricultural Economics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Organic agriculture is defined as a certified and production system. It contains the potential environment and social impacts that eliminate the synthetic material. In the growing stage, permitted inputs are used and constituted by the legal regulations. As we know that organic agriculture is a holistic production management system. It promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health that includes biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. The annual survey on organic agriculture world-wide is carried out by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). Numerous experts from >150 countries are contributing to the data collection. Since 2008, the data collection activities have been supported under a project of the International Trade Centre (ITC) and the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO). In the yearbook, The World of Organic Agriculture the data collected in the frame of the survey is presented annually. The following information is collected in the frame of the global survey: Area, production, land use and crops, operators, market data, international trade data and production data. Organic agriculture indicators according to different approximations were examined in this study. These indicators were as follows: Organic agricultural land, producers, organic land use, domestic sales of organic products, international trade data imports and international trade data exports. According to these indicators, different comparisons about statistics were made for Europe and Turkey between 2004 and 2013 year. Key words: Organic agriculture, Statistics, Turkey, Europe

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EFFECTS OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS IN REDUCING FUNGAL CONTAMINATON OF ORGANIC DRIED FIGS DURING STORAGE Özlem DOĞAN1*, Birgül ERTAN1 1

Erbeyli Fig Research Station, Aydin, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract As in many other fig growing countries, aflatoxin contamination due to fungal agents is an important problem in fig production in Turkey, which is the world’s biggest dry fig exporter. Contamination of fungal agents starts when fruits are still on trees and continue to progress after harvest, especially under inappropriate processing as well as storage conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities of using some natural essential oils in reducing the post-harvest (dried fig fruits) decays caused by microbial contamination. Sarilop dried fig fruits were dipped to solutions containing essential oils of laurel (Laurus nobilis L) and origanum (Origanum onites L) at different doses. Fruits were then stored in boxes indoor conditions during 3 months. Fruit sections (each 1 g) from outside of fruits were taken 2, 30, 60 and 90 days after treatments and given to petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) with three replications. Petri dishes were then incubated at 25 0C for 5 days. They were then evaluated for the occurrence of molds. Results showed that essential oils showed limited efficacy which can be attributed to the low doses used in the study. Also low temperature during storage caused a natural decline in microbial population, so that the effects of treatments could have been masked. Further studies are needed with higher doses of essential oils under climatic conditions favoring the growth of microorganisms. Key words: dried figs, essential oils, Laurus nobilis L, Origanum onites L., storage

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EFFECTS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) Irfan OZER1, Seydi Ahmet BAGCI1*, Refik UYANOZ2 1

2

Selcuk University, Sarayönü Vocational High School, Konya, Turkey Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) is one of the alternative oil crops increasing planted area in Turkey recently especially in Central Anatolia. Organic farming is also an alternative farming system increasing in Turkey. For this purpose, this study conducted to determine the yield and quality of safflower with application three organic fertilizers in Konya region. It was carried out in 2009 the production year at the Selcuk University Sarayönü Vocational School experiment field. Atakişi was used as safflower variety and three organic fertilizers (OF 1, OF 2 and OF 3) applied with diammonium phosphate and without. Yield, thousand kernel weight, protein and oil content of kernel were evaluated in the experiment. Diammonium phosphate application was significantly important (p < 0,01) and organic fertilizers were significantly differ (p < 0,01) from control but there is no difference among them. OF 1, OF 3 and OF 2 with diammonium phosphate application were in the first groups in terms of yield, 2650, 2530 and 2430 kg ha-1, respectively. There was no significantly deferens among the organic fertilizer applications in terms of thousand kernel weight. Organic fertilizer applications increased oil content of kernel with and without diammonium phosphate application. Key words: Carthamus tinctorius L., organic fertilizer, yield, oil content

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SCOPE AND AN EXAMPLE OF ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES KÜÇÜK MENDERES BASIN: ÖDEMIŞ Funda YOLDAS Ege University, Ödemiş Vocational School, 35750, Ödemiş, Izmir, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Ödemiş, which is one of the basins located in Izmir Küçük Menderes Basin, is one of the 5 districts where agricultural activity is one of the most intense. Strengths and weaknesses of the district are Ödemiş in agriculture. They briefly, which may brand broccoli, beans, pinto beans, lettuce, chestnuts, walnuts, figs, olives, olive oil, potato production, manufacture and marketing of agricultural products, lack of information, the increasing interest in natural and organic products, products which are grown throughout the country due to the drought decrease in the yield of agricultural products to be more diversity. (Potatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, beans, pinto beans, lettuce, apples, chestnuts, walnuts), organic farming and market concern about the lack of interest from farmers in the region, to be watered plain Beydağ Ödemiş end of the dam, due to the rapidly increasing use of water in agriculture, drought, thyme, sage, ornamental lack of certification of organic farming, such as a variety of natural plant growth potential, Birgi resort to organic farming, agro-based industries deficiency (lack of integrated meat processing plants, large factories, the lack of milk and milk products), agro-industrial development potential, İrimağzı locality of figs grown in quality and qualification, to take first place in the world in terms of, the lack of cold storage, ornamental plants and fruit nurseries, park and garden plants are widely produced in the county, the lack of faculty in the fields of agriculture and veterinary medicine, ornamental plants, and the structure of the soil and climate are suitable nursery, bee cultivation has dairy breeds have over 100,000 dairy available. (Basin level) made of milk production of 1000 tons per day, it would have ödemiş of about 750 tons of production, etc., there is the region's largest cattle market in the county. In this article, these aspects of organic farming in agricultural activities in Ödemiş, and the applicability of the potential issues will be discussed. Key words: Organic Farming, Küçük Menderes Basin, Ödemiş

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ORGANIC FARMING FOR HEALTHY PEOPLE, CLEAN ENVIORNMENT AND SAFE FOOD SECURITY Pardip Singh SHEHRAWAT* Department of Extension Edcation, CCS HAU, Hisar, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The present study was undertaken in two purposively selected districts, namely Sonipat and Hisar of Haryana state and total no. 120 farmers were selected and interviewed to study the prospects of organic farming. The study has showed that general prospects of organic farming were found “organic forming is environmental friendly”, “availability of healthy chemical free food”, “organic products better in colour, shape and taste”, and “transform of diseases are less due to organic products from plants to human beings”, with weighted mean score (2.00) occupied 1st rank followed by “organic farming has the potential of increasing organic animal husbandry” (1.98) occupied 2nd rank, “more scope is export of organic products” (1.97) and “organic product get high price” (1.95), “help to conserve the genetic resources & natural resources and biodiversity” (1.92) fetched 3rd, 4th and 5th ranks, respectively. The study further revealed that prospects of organic farming for farmers were found “promotes healthy soil”, “healthy farm production environment”, “increase in employment, and “better utilization of agriwaste” with weighted mean score (2.00) occupied 1st rank in promotion of organic practices. The other prospects like “less cost of production and higher income”, “increased demand of organic food”, “promotes sustainable life style” (1.94) and “ increase farmer’s income due to high prices of organic food, and “promotes ecotourism and ecosystem” with weighted mean score (1.91)". Prospects of organic farming for consumers were observed that “local nutrient rich food security” with (2.00) obtained 1st rank followed by “availability of organic food in supermarkets” (1. 98), occupied 2nd rank, “good quality, colour, taste and shape of product”, “better taste of organic food when compared to inorganic food”, and “availability of organic food in local areas” (1.96) were jointly assigned 3rd rank. Prospects of organic farming for industries were noticed that “more of employments arise in rural areas”, “industries engaged in organic food get high profit.”, “better utilization of all farm waste and reduction of environment pollution and hazardous effect, “increase in export of organic products” and “increase demand of biofertilizers, pesticides and manure/compost etc” with (weighted mean score 2) occupied 1st rank, while “Increase in production of vermicompost /compost” (1.99) was obtained 2nd rank. The 3rd rank was obtained by “increase in production of biopesticides” and “promotes agro-processing units” (1.98). Key words: Organic farming, prospects, sustainability, safe food, and clean environment.

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DIVERSIFIED CROPPING PRACTICES TO MITIGATE THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE Pardip Singh SHEHRAWAT Department of Extension Education, CCS Haryaan Agricultural Universiy, Hisar, India *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The study was conducted in Haryana state to measure the awareness toward impact of climate change on agriculture. The data was collected from four districts of Hayana state namely, karnal, Kurkhstra (northern zone) and Rewari and Karnal (southern zone), and a total number of 80 extension personnel (A.D.O. and H.D.O.) were selected and interviewed with the help of a well structured schedule. The study revealed that majority of respondents were of young group (20-35 years), educated up to graduation, experience gained up to (3-7 years), training attainted up to (up to one week), registered for SMS service with meteorology dept. of CCSHAU and news paper, Radio/TV were used as source of information utilized by extension personnel. The findings further revealed that respondents had awareness about climate degradation like temperature (93.75%) followed by monsoon (93.75%), weather forecasting service (96.25%), pollution which cause climate change (92.50%), green house gases (96.25%), exposure for climate degradation (61.25%). The study also showed that the impact of temperature change, rainfall, moisture, sunshine, CO2, soil pollution, water pollution, and of biodiversity on the different crop stages like on crop growth, crop yield, crop quality, crop duration and soil health were found more negative. The impact of air pollution and impact of wind speed/ duration were less negative on different crop stage. The mitigation management of extension personnel based on technology, management based on natural resource were better and management based on agronomic practices and based on government policy/facilities were less effective. Agriculture department should organise training and camp to implement government policy and facility to farmer level through extension personnel. Key words: Awareness about degradation, Climate change, Impact, crop health, Soil health and Management practices

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BIOSTIMULANT APPLICATION IN TRANSPLANTS PRODUCTION OF Allium Sativum L. AND WILD ROSES (Rosa Canina L.) Nada PARADJIKOVIC1*, Monika TKALEC1, Svjetlana ZELJKOVIC2 Tomislav VINKOVIC1, 1

2

Faculty of Agriculture Osijek, Osijek, Croatia Faculty of Agriculture Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Advantages of in vitro propagation of some vegetable and flower transplants with biostimulants application is that can be started with very little amount of plant material that represents initial explants, which is very important in the protection of endangered and rare species. Slavonian winter garlic is an old, indigenous variety of garlic grown on Slavonia and Baranya fields, east Croatia. Today, unfortunately, due to the introduction of foreign varieties into production, lack of local seed source, the increasing commercialization of vegetable production and the depopulation of rural areas, large part of the local varieties of garlic may be lost forever. Method of in vitro propagation provides a rapid propagation and large number of plants as a single mother plant can produce up to several thousand of seedlings. In vitro transplants of Allium sativum L. and Rosa canina L. were transplanted in commercial substrate and treated with biostimulant Radifarm® by watering. Influence of biostimulant had positive effect on shoot number and root weight. Investigation shows how biostimulant application in Rosa canina and Allium sativum transplants production improves growth and development of root and above-ground mass which is important for faster plant adaptation on stress during transplanting. Key words: biostimulant, winter slavonian garlic, wild roses, in vitro propagation

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POSSIBLE AVAILABILITY OF Mg, Fe, Mn AND Zn FROM ORGANICALY PRODUCED MAIZE Vesna DRAGICEVIC1*, Igor SPASOJEVIC1, Milovan STOJILJKOVIC2, Milena SIMIC1, Milan BRANKOV1 1

Maize Research Institute “ZemunPolje”, ZemunPolje-Belgrade, Serbia 2 Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Trial was conducted during 2013 with aim to study application of different fertilizer combinations on availability of mineral nutrients Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn from organically produced maize grain. Fertilizer treatments included control (without fertilization), DIX 10 N and Italpolina 4:4:4, which were incorporated into soil, as well as foliarly applied MgSO4. After harvest, grain yield, 1.000 grain weight and content of nutrients Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn, as well as inorganic phosphorus (Pi), phytate – as factor which affect availability of mineral nutrients and β-carotene – as factor which promotes availability of mineral nutrients, were determined in grains. The highest grain yield and 1.000 grain weight were achieved in DIX treatment. MgSO4 showed positive impact on phytate decrease and β-carotene increase, but in combination with Italpolina and DIX, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest content of observed mineral elements was observed in control. The highest variation in relations of phytate with examined parameters was on phytate/β-carotene content, ranging from 411.3 (DIX+MgSO4) to 1825.9 (Italpolina). The desirable lowering in ratio between phytate and examined elements was achieved in DIX+MgSO4 combination, for phytate/Pi, phytate/β-+carotene and phytate/Mn ratio, while Italpolina decreased phytate/Zn ratio. However, phytate/Mg and phytate/Fe ratios were the lowest in control, indicating that applied fertilizers showed negative impact on potential Mg and Fe availability. Regression analysis underlined that phytate/Fe and phytate/Zn negatively correlated with 1.000 grain weight, indicating that bigger grains could be also valuable with increased Fe and Zn availability. That could be referred to DIX as treatment with the highest β-carotene content and 1.000 grain weight. Key words: mineral nutrients, organic production, availability, phytate, βcarotene

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4. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER EROSION IN BOVILLA CATCHMENT BASIN AND ITS IMPACTS ON WATER POLLUTION Auron MËNERI1, Vangjo KOVAÇI2, Anjeza KOVAÇI3 1

Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Administration, Albania 2 Institute of Geosciences 3 National Environment Agency *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Watershed basin of water Bovilla was created by surface watercourses and catchment basin groundwater of the Bovilla area. Water collected in the water basin constitutes the main reserve source of drinking water for the city of Tirana. A portion of it is planned as well to be used for irrigation of plants cultivated in this area. Catchment basin is part of the administrative geographical unit of the Tirana district. Topographic relief is relatively steep slope over 15%. The soils of the basin are used and continue to be used for the growth and expansion of forests, pastures, little agricultural plants and partly cultivated land without vegetation. Water erosion of soil in this basin is very visible and reaches very high values. The effects of erosion are visible not only in the loss of land but also in water pollution of the watershed basin. Factors that cause erosion are geological construction of the soil, climate, landscape rake, lack of vegetation cover and land composition. Solids and organic matter transported through surface and ground water are the main causes of reduced volume of water in the basin and both are the main pollution factor for the water and the environment. This study helps in recognizing the negative role of the soil erosion by water, its effects on land, water and environment around. At the same time we have studied and proposed measures to improve the situation and "making healthier" environment in the basin and catchment basins of Bovilla. Keywords: Soil erosion, erodibility, erosivity

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ATTITUDES TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL FOREST CONCEPT – CASE STUDY OF TEŠANJ MUNICIPALITY Senka MUTABDZIJA BECIROVIC1*, Mersudin AVDIBEGOVIC2, Bruno MARIC1, Ajla MEHMEDOVIC1, Amila SELMANAGIC BAJROVIC1, Sabina DELIC2, Riccardo CASTELLINI3, Dzenan BECIROVIC1 1 2

Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 MMFN – Mediterranean Model Forest Network Secretariat, Spain *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract For the last 20 years, economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been based on utilization of natural resources. Such trend resulted with increased pressure on natural resources. On the other hand, changing demands of the society toward natural resources, call for a more active and resolute efforts in terms of nature protection, increasing consumption of renewable energy etc.; thus demanding for implementation of new, participatory and adaptive approach to natural resource management. Concept that implies active participation of all stakeholders, establishes rules for responsibility-sharing and strives to create procedures for addressing various interests over forest resources is known as forest governance. Model Forest concept represents one of the modes of forest governance. It is an inclusive, participative and a transparent concept that promotes collaboration among stakeholders with diverse interests over specific landscape. Taking into consideration abovementioned changing demands over natural resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina, implementation of this concept could lead to a more sustainable and socially responsible management of natural resources. Therefore, purpose of this paper is to point out various aspects of implementation of this concept. Consequently, main achievement of this paper is to identify existing support and willingness for implementation of this concept by diverse stakeholders in Tešanj Municipality, as a pilot case study in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Implementation of Model Forest in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as innovative concept of natural resource management, could lead to membership in Mediterranean Model Forest Network as well as International Model Forest Network. Involvement in such international initiatives assures continuous improvement of natural resource management directed toward fulfilment of various economical, ecological and societal needs. Key words: Natural resource management, Forest governance, Model Forest concept, Tešanj Municipality, stakeholders.

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THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL MEASUREMENTS ON WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS AT FISHPOND BARDAČA Svjetlana LOLIC1*, Milan MATAVULJ2, Radoslav DEKIC1, Aleksandar IVANC3, Maja MANOJLOVIC1 1

Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Novi Sad, Serbia 3 State University of Novi Pazar, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The impact of agricultural measurements on water qulity at fishpond Bardača was studied during the year 2011. On the basis of physical, chemical, bacteriological, biochemical and saprobiological water analysis it can be concluded that the water of fishpond Bardača is highly loaded with organic matter. High organic production reflected also in the increased development of phytoplankton and water in basin Sinjak in 2011 belonged to the category of eu-polytrophic water. The greatest amount of basic nutrients in the water was recorded at the beginning of the year despite the fact that in the period from April to June fertilization was carried out in order to increase primary production of pond. Higher concentrations of these compounds were found also after maximum development of phytoplankton, and after increased degradation of dead planktonic organisms. On the other hand, during the summer, usually in July, there was a complete consumption of basic nutrients from the water. The limiting factor for phytoplankton development was the lack of nitrogen compounds, while orthophosphates could have been found in the water throughout the whole year, at least in low concentrations. Fertilization and introduction of calx into the water had great influence to the composition of the phytoplankton. Keywords: water quality, fishpond, Bardača.

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THE IMPACT OF THE THERMAL POWER PLANT IN GACKO ON LAND DEGRADATION Vesna TUNGUZ1, Ljiljana NESIC2, Milivoj BELIC2, Vladimir CIRIC2 1

University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract In the process of a thermal power plant operation (Gacko, East Herzegovina) there is a huge amount of ashes which is mostly deposited near it. In the process of coal exploitation and thermal power operation, a soil damage occurs by means of surface mines, material disposal as well as by sedimentation of aeroprecipitates created at the operation of the thermal power plant. This paper presents the results of detailed field and laboratory research of morphological, physical and chemical properties, 2 deposol profile and 4 profile natural autochthonous soil near to the dump with the aim to characterize the soil damage. In relation to the autochthonous soil, deposols are characterized by a greater depth of solum, heavier mechanical composition, increased alkalinity and carbonate status and lower contents of humus and overall nitrogen. The total contents of Cd, Pb, Cu on an autochthonous soil and deposols is below the MAC. The value of contents of total Zn in deposols is below the MAC, while in the natural autochthonous soil is above the MAC (339.03 ppm) and it indicates a contamination which can be of geochemical origin. Key Words: kalkocambisol, deposol, heavy metals

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PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT GROUPS OF MICROORGANISMS DEPOSOL IN RECLAMATION AT STANARI COAL MINE Zorica GOLIC1*, Nenad MALIC2, Vera RAICEVIC3 1

Agricultural Institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 EFT - Mine and Thermal Power Stanari, Stanari, Doboj, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract This paper studied the presence of certain groups of microorganisms in deposol during the phase of biological reclamation with different crops. At the site of the overburden collection site at the Stanari coal mine, in 2011, the small grains, potato, soybean, corn, grass-clover mixture were sown in previously treated deposol. Since the dominance of certain groups of microorganisms dictate the processes of synthesis and degradation and determines the quality of the soil, this paper represents the total number of bacteria, Azotobacter sp., ammonifiers, oligonitrophiles, actinomycetes and fungi. In microbial community, the bacteria dominated by the quantity in the control deposol and deposol in process of reclamation. Oligonitrophiles, like ammonifiers present in significant numbers in the control deposol, and their number has increased by applying the measures of reclamation. Also, the conditions for activity of Azotobacter sp. have been improved by application measures of reclamation. Since the pH control deposol is acid, the number of fungi in it is higher than number of fungi in deposol in the reclamation process, except deposol under grass-clover mixture. The highest total number of bacteria (351 x 105 ) , ammonifiers (1778 x 103 ) and oligonitrophiles (1361 x 103 ) is in the soil under grass-clover mixture, while the largest concentration of Azotobacter sp. in the soil under soybean (133 x 102 ). The presence of actinomycetes was not recorded in control deposol. The best effect of the reclamation processes on restore deposol fertility was recorded in deposol under grass-clover mixture. Keywords: Overburden collection site, biological reclamation, microorganisms

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A GIS BASED ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES FOR KARSTIC AREAS OF THE ADRIATIC COASTAL REGION Bosko MILOS1, Aleksandra BENSA2* 1

2

Institute for Adriatic crops and karst reclamation, Croatia Faculty of Agriculture Univesity of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The goal of this research was to develop a system for assesing of agricultural resources in typical karstic aeas of Adriatic coastal region. Data about land use/agricultural cover, soil and relief have been captured, stored, manipulated, analysed, managed and visualizated in GIS. Ortho-photo of the study area and field work have been used for land use/agricultural cover and soil mapping, while 3D terrain model have been used for making slope and aspect maps. Soil properties were established by field and laboratory research. The study was conducted on municipality Marina located in central Dalmatia 25 km west of Split which occupies an area of 11.869 ha. This area is typical for entire Adriatic coastal karst region characterized with dominance shallow and stony Terra rossa soil developed on Cretaceous limestones and dolomites, mediterranean type of climate and a long lasting and intensive human impact. Anthropogenic soils on colluvial deposits are located in poljima and dolinama, and on steeper slopes are terraced, with specific type of terracing called „kazeta“. Agricultural crops occupying an area of 1.784 ha, of which the most frequent are: olives, almonds, figs and grapevine. This project is a case study to test the efficiency of the integration of GIS technologies and ecological principles in system for facilitate and improving sustainable managing agricultural areas of coastal zone. Demonstration of system efficiency was given on example of land suitability assesment for growing vine cultivar Babić. Key words: GIS, mapping, agriculture, Babić, Terra rossa

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EVALUATION OF POLLUTING SOURCES AND SELF-CLEANING ABILITY OF WATER FLOW IN RELATION TO LANDUSE Věra HUBAČÍKOVÁ*, Petra OPPELTOVÁ, Kateřina ZÁKOUTSKÁ, Veronika PETRÁKOVÁ Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Czech Republic Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The aim of our research is to confirm or refute the hypothesis, which says that agriculture is the main source of surface water pollution. Nowadays, when more than 82 % of the Czech population is connected to public sewerage system, it is assumed, that the wastewater has not a significant impact on the quality of surface water, as there are waste water treatment plants and similar facilities for cleaning the sewage. Thanks to a detailed field survey and regular sampling followed by laboratory analysis of water from selected streams in southern Moravia and the Highlands it was found although municipalities are connected to the public sewerage system, which brings the sewage water into the treatment plants, deteriorating the quality of the water flow right through the village. The results of laboratory analyses of water from the monitored flows show the process of selfpurification, they are seeing a significant decrease in the concentration of certain substances by water flow through the selected sections of land use. On the other hand, in urban areas or flow through the arable land the water is enriched by pollutants, this is on many places evidenced by developing of undesirable algae. Keywords: land use, agriculture, wastewater treatment plant, water quality

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CARBON FOOTPRINT OF FARM INPUTS USED IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN ALBANIA Andi MEHMETI*, Mladen TODOROVIC 1

CIHEAM-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Italy *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Evaluation and monitoring environmental performance of agriculture idealistically viewed in a life cycle perspective, is crucial for achieving better management of natural resources approaching sustainability, economic and technological development. In this study a simple LCA model approach was used to estimate GHG emission generated from farm inputs (fuel, machinery, agrochemicals) on regional level in Albania. Emissions were estimated by multiplying activity data obtained from national statistics for year 2012 and emission factors through the consultation of literature using Tier 1 IPCC 2006 methodology. The total GHG emissions from farm inputs was estimated 1075.8*103 tonCO2eq. The results indicated that farm machinery production accounted for 53% of total GHG emission while agrochemicals and fuel for 46% and 1%, respectively. The main emitting regions were Fieri, Vlora and Tirana with 24, 12 and 11% share in total GHG emissions, respectively. The lowest emitting region was found to be Kukesi. Management measures should be developed in an integrated manner for increasing productivity and economic benefits and reducing negative environmental impacts. Practically, Albania need investments in agricultural mechanization, irrigation systems and extension services. Further research and harmonisation of LCA impact assessment models for GHG emission are considered essential toward a sustainable development. Keywords: Agricultural production, Green economy, GHG emission, Farm management, LCA

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NITROGEN ADSORPTION ABILITY IN CLINKER ASH AND UTILIZATION OF NITROGEN−ADSORBED CLINKER ASH TO PROMOTE VEGETATION GROWTH Hiromu OKAZAWA*, Tomonori FUJIKAWA Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Clinker ash is a type of coal ash that is an industrial by-product from coal thermal power plants. This study clarified the nitrogen adsorption ability of clinker ash by grain size. In addition, the possibility of returning nitrogen-adsorbed clinker ash for crop cultivation was also examined. Clinker ash was sorted by using sieves with mesh sizes of 0.6 mm, 1.15 mm and 2.36 mm. Uncontrolled clinker ash and/or clinker ash of one grain size (130 g) and nitrogen solution (6 L) were put in each tank and the solution was circulated by circulation pump. The hydraulic retention time was 120 seconds. The solution in the tank was circulated for 30 days. The nitrogen concentration of the solution in the tank was measured every 2 to 3 days. The initial nitrogen concentration of the solution was 10 mg/L. Two types of nitrogen were used: NO3-N and NH4-N. After the end of the experiment, the amount of nitrogen adsorbed to the clinker ash was measured. For a vegetation experiment, Japanese mustard spinach was planted on the clinker ash that had been used in the nitrogen adsorption experiment. The stem height of the plant was measured every day. The amount of nitrogen adsorbed by the clinker ash was examined. It was found that clinker ash with smaller grain size adsorbs more NH4N. In the vegetation experiment for Japanese mustard spinach using nitrogenadsorbed clinker ash, it was found that the plant cultivated in clinker ash of 0.6 mm in grain diameter showed the greatest growth. Key words: Clinker ash, Nitrogen, Adsorption, Reuse, Vegetation growth

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EFFECT OF GRASS MULCH ON SOIL PROPERTIES IN TEA PLANTATION Tomonori FUJIKAWA*, Takahiko NAKAMURA, Yoshio NAKAMURA Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Some farmers in Shizuoka Prefecture, which locates in middle south part of Japan,have conventionally applied large amount of grass scraps to tea fields. This agricultural method, called “Chagusaba agricultural method”,was designated as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in 2013. It is expected that the grass mulch on soil surface prevents soil and nutrient erosion, weed growth and drastic change in soil temperature, but the effect grass mulch on soil properties has not been clarified. The obtained data from the measurements of soil physical properties of a grass mulch and non-mulch field shows that saturated hydraulic conductivity and air permeability of surface soil increased by the grass mulch but the differences of these properties are small. Pruned branchesand leaves of tea tree in the non-mulch field may play a same role with grass mulch in promoting water and air permeability. Readily available moisture for plant growingin grass mulch field is larger than that in non-mulch field especially in surface layer. It is indicated that this increase of available moisture may contribute the high quality of tea in grass mulch field. Key words: soil physical properties, organic matter content, soil compaction

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THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER REGIME IN DRAINAGE LAND Otilija MISECKAITE Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Institute of Water Resources Engineering, Lithuania Coressponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The terrestrial water cycle and the impact of climate change have an important influence on water resources and on the potential for flood or drought and are, consequently, crucial to both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Soil properties and water regime can be improved in various ways, depending on soil texture and climatic conditions. Drainage hydrologic performance often depends on the quality of the installation, anthropogenic and climatic factors. It is important to assess the functioning of the drainage at different weather conditions. Under climate change the impacts of high temperatures, altered patterns of precipitation, increased water demand, and increased frequency of extreme events such as drought and floods. It is forecasted that air temperature will be subject to very high growth in Lithuania in the twenty first century. Especially significant changes are expected in winter. Climate conditions and physical geographic factors determine the fact that there are 3.4 million hectares of too wet lands in Lithuania, or approximately 86% of the total agricultural area, the intensive and productive usage of which is possible only after drainage. The analysis of four decades revealed a statistically significant trend of increase of annual temperature during spring season. A statistically significant trend of increase of annual drainage runoff was found during winter season, while there is no statistically significant trend for annual precipitation, the trend is very slightly increasing. The analysis of change trends of drainage runoff during different months revealed statistically significant changes in all winter months – there is a trend to increase. Keywords: climate change, water regime, drainage

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FOREST DEGRADATION AT WINTER RECREATION PLACES Aleksandr ROMANOV, Aleksandr KOCHKIN, Iuliia ROGIZNAYA, Oksana FOTINA The Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia Coressponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Studies were conducted from January 2013 to April 2014. The object of our study is pine green-moss. It is 110-140 years old. The relative density of the investigated forest plot is 0.7. The object locates in an officially recognized faunal zone of an urban forest park. The studied ski trail includes three relief elements. These are the watershed, the western slope and the foot of the slope. Ski-run has a distinctive profile by two types of skiing. The first is the movement "skating move", the second is the movement "classical course". Once a week snowmobiles went along the ski-run: it was prepared for the competition. We selected three typical points on each element of the relief. We have measured the snow conditions, the physical condition of the soil, litter and living ground cover at each point. The measurements were triplicated. The snow density on the ski run was 0.6 g/cm3. This value was more one of the area outside recreation. The high density of the snow on the track stretches its melting period for 2-3 weeks. At least, the snow melts on the watershed. This provokes the processes of water erosion on sloping sections of the route. There is no in the center of the track. The soil freezes on the track. Field layer remains only at the edges of the track. Pine cores were measured for moisture in April 2014. The wood moisture of pines growing near the border of the track was lower than one of the pines growing away from the track. The difference was 10 %. Key words: winter recreation, ski-run, green moss pinery, snow density, field layer, forest litter.

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SOIL EROSION: CAUSES AND EFFECTS WITHIN PERILO SMALL CATCHMENT (WESTERN SERBIA) Gordana SEKULARAC1*, Miodrag JELIC2, Milena DJURIC1, Miroljub AKSIC2, Tanja JAKISIC3 1

Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Čačak, Serbia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Priština-Kosovska Mitrovica, Lešak, Serbia 3 Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Corresponding author: [email protected] 2

Abstract This study deals with the evaluation of soil erosion in a small catchment. Mean annual and total specific erosion-induced sediment yields in the Perilo Brook catchment are induced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. The catchment erosion factors evaluated in this study, viz. relief, geological substrate, soil, climate and vegetative cover, have contributed to the annual erosion intensity of 162.90 m3 km-2 of soil in the catchment area of the Perilo, classified as a small torrential brook and a dry watercourse. Keywords: erosion factors, erosion intensity, soil, catchment

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WATER AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF URBISOLS Ljiljana NESIC, Milivoj BELIC, Vladimir CIRIC, Lazar PAVLOVIC*, Borivoj PEJIC University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract In urban areas, the soil is exposed to dynamic changes that may lead to its degradation. Urban soil is mostly anthropogenic and polluted due to the proximity of busy roads, industrial facilities and fossil fuel combustion. Urban soil is formed by direct human activity and as such has very different properties, which are generally less favorable than properties of natural soil. Although this type of soil is not used for agriculture its importance is great because in an urban environment it is a medium in which different types of plants are grown which leads to better environment of the city. The group of the most vulnerable soil includes the soil of city roads which is almost continuously changed by human activities such as various works on infrastructure networks, as well as the roads and paths. This paper presents the results of water-physical soil properties along Car Lazar Boulevard in Novi Sad, as one of the busiest roads. Along the boulevard alley, several types of lime are present which have different requirements of the soil. The analysis shows that the soil texture ranges from clay loam to coarse sandy loam and the coefficient of filtration of the samples is in the range from 1.35x10-3 to 7.43x10-4 cm/sec in the layer of 0-30 cm, respectively from 1.42x10-3 to 6.99x10-3 cm/sec in layer 30-60 cm. The total porosity ranges from 39.41% to 49.65% in the shallow, and from 41.97% to 47.56% in the deeper layer of the soil. The results suggest disparities of soil characteristics at the sites, making them difficult to use. Keywords: degradation, urban soil, water-physical properties

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREST ADMINISTRATION IN SERBIA WITH REGIONAL COUNTRIES Maja SRNDOVIC¹*, Ljiljana KECA², Milica MARCETA² ¹Public Enterprise Srbijasume, Belgrade, Serbia ²Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract There is variability in the organizational forms of the forest management, which is caused by a variety of geographic position, natural and socio-economic characteristics and interests of individual countries. Regardless of the institutional reforms of the forestry sector there is no guaranteed "success model" of public forest administration. Aim of research is comparative analysis of state forest administration in Serbia with countries in region: Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Purpose of researching is identification of similarities and differences between different organizational forms based on benchmark analysis in accordance with supervisory, regulatory and advisory function of state forest administration. In the article are applied classical methods of researching: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and comparison. The organization of state forest administration depends on the history of forest utilization and sector policies, traditions, stakeholders, institutional framework, economic conditions, and changes of ownership models, state forest fund as well as political will. Key words: forestry, institutions, public administration, organization, Serbia

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EVALUATION OF PSEUDOGLEY SOILS QUALITY BASED ON ITS WATER-AIR PROPERTIES Miodrag JELIC1, Goran DUGALIC2, Jelena MILIVOJEVIC, Aleksandar DIKIC1, Gordana SEKULARAC2, Aleksandar PAUNOVIC2 1

University of Pristina-Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Agriculture, Lesak, Serbia 2 University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Cacak, Serbia 3 Center for Small Grains, Kragujevac, Serbia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the most important water-air soil properties (water retention capacity, permanent wilting point, plant available water capacity, soil water permeability and air capacity) in order to assess the quality of its productive properties.The study has been conducted on arable soil type pseudogley on the Agro-chemical School Dr. Djordje Radic in Kraljevo farm. The gained results of investigation showed unfavorable water-air properties, as the result of the unfavorable shape of porosity. Also, in the humic and Eg horizons, there have been determined low values of plantavailable water capacity, on the one hand, and high values of moist of permanent plants wilting, on the other hand.Unfavorable water regime of the soil is in a large extent a consequence of its low permeability of water, even in the Ah and Ahp horizon, where the ratio of water filtration is rarely higher than 30 mm/hour, whereas the individual values were less than 10 mm/hour. Extremely low permeability of soil water was in Btg horizon, which in the rainy seasons was becoming practically impermeable for water.Examined soil shows low values of absolute air capacity in Ah and Eg horizons (90th percentile) for Riesling Italian and the number of cool nights (minimum temperature