Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobite taxonomy ...

5 downloads 61 Views 23MB Size Report
Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobite taxonomy and biostratigraphy, Bonaparte Basin, Western Australia. JOHN H. SHERGOLD, JOHN R. LAURIE & JUDY E.
Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobite taxonomy and biostratigraphy, Bonaparte Basin, Western Australia JOHN H. SHERGOLD, JOHN R. LAURIE & JUDY E. SHERGOLD SHERGOLD, J.H., LAURIE, J.R. & SHERGOLD, J.E., 2007:12:21. Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobite taxonomy and biostratigraphy, Bonaparte Basin, Western Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 34, 17-86. ISSN 0810-8889. A total of 38 trilobite taxa are described from 186 collections made in 1963 and 1969. The material is often exceedingly poorly preserved in friable quartz sandstone, glauconitic sandstone or glauconite, which have been deeply effected by tropical weathering. Much of it is either compared to the nearest similar species, or is left under open nomenclature. The complete fauna is classified amongst existing genera. However, five new species are recognised: Dictyella conica, Kaolishania clarkensis, Liostracina kaulbacki, Prosaukia? pentecosti and Taenicephalus? travesi. The described trilobites permit a revision of the informal biostratigraphy suggested by A.A. Öpik in the mid-sixties. Accordingly, Öpik’s Faunal Units I and II must now be combined into a single unit. No positive evidence has been found for the existence of Faunal Unit IV, and Faunal Unit VI is younger than previously considered, falling stratigraphically within the early part of Faunal Unit VIII. Previous divisions of Faunal Unit X cannot be substantiated, and the elements used to diagnose Faunal Unit XI are older, also belonging to Unit X. Three assemblages can be recognised in Faunal Unit XII. Compared to central Australia, faunas of Ordian (mostly Early Cambrian), late Mindyallan (Glyptagnostus stolidotus Zone; latest Middle Cambrian), mid and late Iverian, Payntonian, late Datsonian (Furongian) and Warendan (Early Ordovician) age are represented. The post-Ordian to pre-late Mindyallan Middle Cambrian, and the Late Cambrian Idamean and early Iverian Stages are definitely unrepresented by age diagnostic faunas to date, and the late Payntonian-early Datsonian is represented by an hiatus. J.H. Shergold (deceased), J.E. Shergold, La Freunie, Benayes, 19510 Masseret, France; J.R. Laurie ([email protected]), Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2611, Australia. Received 1 November 2007. Keywords: Bonaparte Basin, Western Australia, Cambrian, Ordovician, trilobite, taxonomy, biostratigraphy.

THE ONSHORE Bonaparte Basin straddles the Western Australia/Northern Territory border, extending over 60,000 sq km, mainly in the former state (Fig. 1). It is made up of two components, the most important of which is a NW plunging syncline bordered to the East by the Sturt Block, and to the West by the Kimberley Block, both composed of Proterozoic sedimentary rocks. To the South, these blocks are separated by the Halls Creek Mobile Zone which consists of older Precambrian metamorphic and plutonic rocks trending Northeast along the eastern margin of the Bonaparte Basin. This component of the basin is divided by the Proterozoic Pincombe Inlier into two sub-basins: the Burt Range Sub-basin to the Southeast, containing mainly Devonian and Carboniferous sediments, and the Carlton Sub-basin to the West which contains Cambrian, Ordovician and Devonian sediments. The second component of the Bonaparte Basin is represented by seven outlying areas to

the South, all owing their existence to faulting associated with the Halls Creek Mobile Zone. Cambrian rocks occur in all of them, at Mount Rob, Gap Point, Dillon Spring, Deception Range, and areas 16 km NE of Dillon Spring and 10 km South of Ivanhoe. The largest, however, is the Ragged Range Outlier which connects the Bonaparte Basin and its southerly extension, the Ord Basin, stratigraphically. Palaeogeographically the Bonaparte and Ord Basins originally formed part of the same Cambrian depositional basin, but were subsequently separated by movements along the Halls Creek and Fitzmaurice Mobile Zones. Mory & Beere (1988) have briefly discussed Middle Cambrian and Furongian palaeogeography suggesting little change in basin morphology during the Cambrian, intertidal and shallow subtidal sediments being transported to the NNE and NE, implying more open, deeper environments to the N and NE. These suggestions are supported by Cook (1982, 1988)

18

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) who shows Bonaparte/Ord palaeogeography at six Cambrian time slices (Early Cambrian, Ordian, Templetonian, Floran-Undillan, BoomerangianMindyallan and Idamean-Payntonian). He also shows similar festoon cross bed current directions. STRATIGRAPHY Relatively little stratigraphic work has been undertaken on the Cambrian-Ordovician sequences in the onshore Bonaparte Basin. Traves (1955) defined a series of initial lithostratigraphic units which were upgraded by Kaulback & Veevers (1969) in their survey of the basin. Subsequently, some of their lithostratigraphy has been revised by Beere & Mory (1986) and Mory & Beere (1988), who have also made some assessment of the sedimentological environments. Öpik (in Kaulback & Veevers 1969) established a preliminary Cambrian biostratigraphy (see Fig. 9) based mainly on trilobites, and documented the occurrence of the only known probably Early Cambrian trilobites in the Ord region, Redlichia forresti (Etheridge), R. amadeana Öpik, Xystridura (Xystridura) negrina Öpik and Onaraspis adusta Öpik, in the conterminous Ord Basin (Öpik 1958, 1968, 1970, 1975). These were revised by Laurie (in Kruse et al. 2004). Jones (1971) described Cambrian-Ordovician conodonts from the Carlton Sub-basin, relating them to the biostratigraphy then being established in the Georgina Basin at Black Mountain, western Queensland, and some re-identification of these has been made by Nicoll (1990). Walter (1972) and Grey (1985) have discussed the morphology and age implications of stromatolites found in the Antrim Plateau Volcanics. The Cambrian sedimentary succession is predominantly an alternation of dolomitic carbonate and sandstone formations, the latter becoming glauconitic in the latest Cambrian and earliest Ordovician, as in the Amadeus Basin. The Antrim Plateau Volcanics lie below biochronologically dated probably Early Cambrian (Ordian) strata with apparent, but unlikely, conformity in many places. Extremely widespread in the Bonaparte Basin, and about 1000 m thick, they consist of deeply weathered discontinuous basalt flows with some interbedded tuff and agglomerate, which rest with marked erosion and angular unconformity on Proterozoic rocks. Accordingly, they have generally been considered to represent a continuation of the Neoproterozoic extension event into the Early Cambrian. The Cambrian rocks of the Carlton Sub-basin

19

are referred to the Carlton Group. This commences with the Tarrara Formation, consisting of 80-400 m of quartz sandstone, varicoloured shale and red oncolitic dolostone. The last is fossiliferous, containing the trilobite Redlichia sp., the hyolith Guduguwan cf. hardmani, brachiopods and stromatolites indicative of a probable Early Cambrian age (Ordian), Faunal Unit II of Öpik (in Kaulback & Veevers 1969). Probable contemporaneous rocks in the Ragged Range Outlier are known as the Blatchford Formation (Kaulback & Veevers 1969). This consists of dolomitic siltstone with interbeds of glauconitic dolostone overlain by dolomitic quartz sandstone, at least 120 m thick. The Blatchford Formation has yielded the trilobite Onaraspis adusta, considered by Öpik (1968) to represent the oldest faunal assemblage of the Ordian Stage, i.e., Faunal Unit I. In the Ragged Range, the Blatchford Formation is truncated by the Ragged Range Conglomerate, of Devonian age (Kaulback & Veevers 1969). Mory & Beere (1988) regard the Tarrara Formation and the Blatchford Formation as equivalents, but the former probably contains more than one as yet undocumented depositional sequence. The Tarrara Fomation is conformably and gradationally succeeded by the Hart Spring Sandstone, and was originally defined by Traves (1955), but later revised by Kaulback & Veevers (1969). This is predominantly a red quartz sandstone with interbeds of white quartz sandstone which has calcareous or dolomitic cement, up to 375 m thick. Although it contains no age diagnostic fossils, Öpik (in Kaulback & Veevers 1969) and Mory & Beere (1988) assumed it to represent the greater part of the post-Ordian Middle Cambrian. A meagre fauna of brachiopods and hyoliths represents Öpik’s (loc. cit.) Faunal Unit III. The Hart Spring Sandstone has also been mapped in the Dillon (198 m), Mount Rob (244 m) and Ivanhoe Outliers by Kaulback & Veevers (1969). Mory & Beere (1988) consider it to represent a tidal sand deposit. The Hart Spring Sandstone is overlain abruptly but probably conformably by the Skewthorpe Formation which consists of quartz sandstone, sandy, often oolitic, dolostone and algal dolostone deposited cyclically over a 60 m interval (Kaulback & Veevers 1969). The Skewthorpe Formation was interpreted as strandline, lagoon and reef deposits, probably now interpretable as retrogradational parasequences, and comprises ten such cycles on their section CG236. Beere & Mory (1986) assign a thickness of 116 m,

Fig. 1. Bonaparte Basin showing main structural features and the outcrop of the Cambro-Ordovician succession and the Antrim Plateau Volcanics (as ‘Volcanics’ in legend).

20

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 2. Geological map of the Pretlove Hills area with localities and sections marked.

and divided the Skewthorpe Formation into four members. The lowermost Mulali Member at the base (36 m) consists of cyclically deposited shale and sandstone with stromatolites in the lower part. The succeeding Galawa Member contains some 15 m of cross-stratified oolitic sandy dolostone, commonly stromatolitic. The third member is the Djigumirri Member (22 m) which consists of siltstone and stratiform stromatolites. The uppermost Bolgumirri Member (43 m) is a lenticular unit of cross-stratified, weakly glauconitic and oolitic, sandy dolostone and intraformational breccia. Beere & Mory

(1986) also consider the Skewthorpe and Pretlove Formations to be partial lateral lithofacies in the vicinity of the Onslow Hills. The interpretation of these rocks by Mory & Beere (1988, fig. 42) is more complex than that of Kaulback & Veevers (1969), invoking flood-tidal deltas deposited in a lagoon (Mulali Member), carbonate sand banks (Galawa Member), and subtidal oolitic carbonate environments (Djigumirri and Bolgamirri Members). The remainder of the Furongian in the Bonaparte Basin is composed predominantly of clastic sediments. The Pretlove Sandstone

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Peichiashania cf. planilimbata

Kaolishania clarkensis

21

Fig. 3. Stratigraphic section CG 245 (Pretlove Hills) with ranges of trilobites and approximate correlations of localities CG 245/13 and CG 245/7

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Pacootasaukia sp.

Kaolishania clarkensis

22

Fig. 4. Stratigraphic section CG 202 (Butterfly Ridge) with ranges of trilobites.

consists of 60-120 m of shallow water red and white quartz sandstone containing gastropods, phosphatic brachiopods and what Öpik (in Kaulback & Veevers 1969) considered to be an aphelaspidinid trilobite, that he assigned to his Faunal Unit VI, and considered to have an Idamean age. This trilobite, reviewed herein, is controversial, and considered to be indeterminate. Öpik (op. cit.) recorded it from locality CG245/7 which, according to Kaulback & Veevers (1969, fig. 9), lies at the base of the overlying Clark Sandstone. Furthermore, it co-occurs with a species assigned here to the genus Shirakiella which would indicate a post-Idamean, Iverian, age at the base of Faunal Unit VIII. Hence, there is no evidence of an Idamean age for the Pretlove Formation. Neither has evidence been found for a fauna corresponding to the earliest Iverian Irvingella Zone (sensu Shergold 1993) of the Georgina Basin. The Clark Sandstone apparently succeeds the Pretlove Sandstone conformably, but

diachronously, according to Kaulback & Veevers (1969, figs 9, 22). This observation appears to result from the misinterpretation and consequent miscorrelation of the Idamean Stage. The Clark Sandstone is composed of interbedded red and grey glauconitic feldspathic sandstone, dolostone and friable quartz sandstone, with a maximum thickness of approximately 320 m. It is fossiliferous throughout, containing Iverian and Payntonian trilobites, molluscs and syntrophioid brachiopods representing Öpik’s (in Kaulback & Veevers 1969) Faunal Assemblages VII-XI. The Iverian assemblages (VII-IX), characterised by Parabolinoididae, Peichiashania and a kaolishaniid trilobite, respectively, have been discussed by Shergold (1993), and it is possible to correlate them to the Georgina Basin biostratigraphic scheme. The fauna of the upper part of the Clark Sandstone is considered to follow abruptly that of the terminal Iverian. Kaulback & Veevers (1969, p. 49) considered that a faunal break existed between Öpik’s Faunal

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

23

Fig. 5. Stratigraphic section CG 249 (E of Clark Jump Up) with ranges of trilobites.

Assemblages IX and X, which is accompanied at some sections by the presence of a layer of small quartz pebbles. The faunal content, as reported by Öpik (in Kaulback & Veevers 1969), however, suggests that his assemblages Xa and Xb are not inconsistent with those occurring in the Payntonian of the eastern Georgina Basin where tsinaniid and prosaukioid trilobites, and the saukiid “distinguished by a long frontal spike” noted by Öpik (loc. cit., p. 76), and assigned to Lophosaukia? herein, occur in appropriate biostratigraphic order in the Georgina and Amadeus Basins. Should the pebble horizon in the Bonaparte Basin prove to be a sequence boundary, then it correlates with the hiatus between Amadeus Basin Sequences 5 and 6 (Kennard & Lindsay 1991, fig. 4; Shergold 1994, 1995a), and with Unit E of the Chatsworth Limestone at Black Mountain, western Queensland (Shergold & Nicoll 1992, fig. 2), which contains the Sinosaukia impages Assemblage-Zone. As discussed further below, evidence for the existence of Faunal Assemblage XI, which would correlate with the

latest Payntonian Mictosaukia perplexa Zone elsewhere in Australia, cannot be substantiated, due to misidentification of trilobites in sample CG275/4, on whose fauna this assemblage was based. However, very poorly preserved saukiid trilobites at the base of section CG249 may represent this zone in part. At this section in the Pretlove Hills, a meagre conodont fauna has been described by Jones (1971). Although the conodont taxonomy of Jones needs revision (see Nicoll 1990), the general conodont biostratigraphy recognised in the eastern Georgina Basin (Druce & Jones 1971; Nicoll & Shergold 1991; Nicoll in Shergold et al. 1991; Shergold & Nicoll 1992) can be applied. The two conodont taxa recognised in the upper part of the Clark Sandstone are not inconsistent with an early Payntonian age. There also appears to be little evidence for the early Datsonian Cordylodus proavus Zone in the Bonaparte Basin, and if it occurs must be very highly condensed between the Clark Sandstone and the supposedly conformably overlying Pander Greensand. More likely, this

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

24

Prosaukia cf. misa

Hystricurus (Hystricurus) sp.

Lophosaukia? sp.

Hamashania sp.

Pagodia (Oreadella) sp.

Parapilekia? sp.

Hystricurus (Hystricurus) sp.

Section CG 231 Clark Jump Up

Fig. 6. Stratigraphic section CG 231 (Clark Jump Up) with ranges of trilobites.

contact is a sequence boundary related to the Lange Ranch Eustatic Event (Miller 1984; Nicoll et al. 1992). The Pander Greensand, the youngest outcropping Cambrian-Ordovician formation of the Bonaparte Basin, is a deeply weathered, highly glauconitic quartz sandstone appoximately 125 m thick at section CG249. There, its lowest part has a terminal Cambrian, latest Datsonian age based on evidence from conodonts and trilobites discussed further below. The upper part of the Pander Greensand contains Cordylodus lindstromi (=C. prion of Jones) permitting definition of the Cambrian-Ordovician

boundary in the Bonaparte Basin. Succeeding assemblages recognised by Jones (1971) contain taxa also recognised in the Chosonodina herfurthi/ Cordylodus angulatus Zone (sensu Shergold & Nicoll 1992) in the eastern Georgina Basin. Futhermore, richardsonellid, kainellid, leiostegiid and pliomerid trilobites described below also suggest a Warendan/Tremadocian age for the bulk of the Pander Greensand. BIOSTRATIGRAPHY The informal biostratigraphic scheme proposed for the Ord and Bonaparte Basins by Öpik (in

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

25

Fig. 7. Geological map of the Onslow Hills area, with localities and sections marked.

Kaulback & Veevers 1965, 1969) is here reviewed and revised. Öpik based his observations initially on material collected by himself and Traves in 1949 and 1952 under the auspices of the CSIRO Land Research and Regional Survey Section (see Traves 1955 for previous history and background). This material was destroyed by fire in 1953 (see Casey in Shergold 1985, p. 74). Subsequently, Traves’ localities, and many more, were recollected by Veevers et al. (1964) during their mapping of the southern Bonaparte Basin in 1963 (prefixed CG). Contemporaneously, collections were made by staff of Australian Aquitaine Petroleum Ltd (AAP). Öpik made use of this information to create his biostratigraphy

in 1965. Later, in 1969, selected Kaulback & Veevers sections in the Pretlove (Figs 2-6) and Onslow Hills (Fig. 7), Gap Point and Mount Rob (Fig. 8) were recollected in greater detail by Shergold (prefixed JSK). As a result, the present review is based on a total of 186 collections from 20 sections documented by Kaulback & Veevers (1965, 1969), and is mainly concentrated on the late Cambrian and early Ordovician. If the Blatchford Formation of the Ragged Range Outlier and Tarrara Formation of the Bonaparte Basin are considered equivalent, as advocated by Mory & Beere (1988), and are in turn correlated with the Negri Group of the Ord Basin, then Öpik’s Faunal Units I (metadoxidid)

26

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) and II (Redlichia) must now be regarded as a single probably Early Cambrian unit of Ordian (Öpik 1968; Laurie 2006) age. The metadoxidid has been described as Onaraspis adusta Öpik, 1968 and the redlichiid as Redlichia forresti (Etheridge) by Öpik (1958). A second species of Redlichia, R. gumridgensis Laurie (in Kruse et al. 2004) and Xystridura (Xystridura) negrina Öpik (1975) have also been described from the Negri Group (Kruse et al. 2004). These genera, in various combinations occur elsewhere in Australia, in the Amadeus and Georgina Basins (Öpik 1968), in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia (Jell in Bengtson et al. 1990), and in western New South Wales (Öpik 1975). As indicated by Öpik (1965, 1969), Faunal Unit III contains no age diagnostic fauna, but is thought to represent the complete post-Ordian to pre-Mindyallan Middle Cambrian. No evidence for the separation of Faunal Units IV and V has been found during the present study. The agnostids listed by Öpik from Unit IV have not been found in the collections, and the determination of Solenoparia, identified by Teichert (in Reeves 1948) is ambiguous and unpublished, so that the existence of this unit is unconfirmed. Faunal Unit V is identified in the Skewthorpe Formation. It is characterised by the occurrence of Agnostidae genera et species incertae sedis, Blackwelderia sp. cf. B. repanda Öpik, 1967, B. sp. cf. B. sinensis (Bergeron, 1899) and Liostracina kaulbacki sp. nov. It is possible that it is the last that was determined as Solenoparia by Teichert (in Reeves 1948). This fauna occurs in collections CG201/9, CG218/1A, CG219/3, CG235/4A, AAP6, JSK306, JSK319, JSK331, on sections CG201, CG202, CG218, CG219, CG226, CG235 and CG274, and is referrable to the latest Middle Cambrian, late Mindyallan Glyptagnostus stolidotus Zone. Faunal Unit VI is discussed above. It is based on the fauna of collection CG245/7, which is composed of an indeterminate genus and species which Öpik considered to represent an aphelaspidinid trilobite, and the taxon referred here to Shirakiella endoi Chu, 1965. Considered by Öpik to have an Idamean age, this sample, when plotted stratigraphically (Fig. 3) lies within Faunal Unit VIII, thus post-dating rather than pre-dating Faunal Unit VII. Faunal Unit VII (Parabolinoididae) contains the parabolinoidid Taenicephalus? travesi sp. nov., and Shirakiella sp. cf. S. elongata Kobayashi, 1935. It is quite widespread, occurring in collections CG236/12, CG236/13, AAP12,

27

JSK274, JSK278, JSK279, JSK285, JSK286, JSK289, JSK290, JSK320, JSK321 and JSK322 on sections CG226, CG236, CG245 (Fig. 3) and CG249E. It has an early Iverian age. Faunal Unit VIII (Parabolinoididae with Paramansuyella) consists of Shirakiella sp. cf. S. elongata Kobayashi, 1935, S. cf. S. endoi Chu, 1965, and Peichiashania sp. cf. P. planilimbata (Endo, 1937) [Öpik’s Paramansuyella]. It occurs in collections CG245/7, CG245/9, CG245/10, AAP12, JSK276, JSK277, JSK278, JSK279, and JSK288, on sections CG236 (AAP12), CG245 (Fig. 3) and CG249E. Its age is mid-Iverian. Faunal Unit IX (Kaolishaniidae) contains the single, stratigraphic marker species Kaolishania clarkensis sp. nov. Material has been examined from collections JSK28l, JSK282, JSK283, JSK291, JSK297, JSK299 and JSK330, occurring on sections CG202 (Fig. 4), CG245 (Fig. 3), CG249E and CG274; its age is late Iverian. Öpik (1965, 1969) divided Faunal Unit X (Ptychaspis/Prosaukia) into Subunits Xa and Xb, but these have not been reliably identified herein, although Ptychaspis does in general occur earlier than Prosaukia. The combined Unit X contains a total of 17 taxa, making it the most biodiverse of the Bonaparte faunal units. It is also the most widespread across the basin and can be readily correlated elsewhere in Australia. The unit contains (in alphabetical order): Dictyella conica sp. nov., Eosaukia sp. undet., Hamashania sp. undet., Lichengia? sp. undet., Lophosaukia? sp. undet., Mansuyia sp. undet., Pagodia (Oreadella) sp. undet., Pacootasaukia sp. undet., Plethopeltella sp. cf. P. shantungensis (Lu, 1957), Prosaukia sp. cf. P. misa (Hall, 1863), Prosaukia? pentecosti sp. nov., Ptychaspis sp. cf. P. asiatica Resser & Endo, 1937, Ptychaspis? sp. cf. P. cacus Walcott, 1905, Quadraticephalus sp. undet., Tsinania sp. cf. T. canens (Walcott, 1905), Wanwanaspis sp. undet., Wuhuia sp. undet. This assemblage occurs in collections CG202/4C, CG202/4E, CG231/B1, CG231/C2, CG274/9, CG275/4, AAP5, JSK238, JSK239, JSK240, JSK241, JSK242, JSK243, JSK244, JSK245, JSK246, JSK247, JSK248, JSK260, JSK262, JSK301, JSK302, JSK303, JSK304, JSK327, JSK328, JSK332 and JSK333, on sections CG202 (Fig. 4), CG231 (Fig. 6), CG249 (Fig. 5), CG274 and CG275. An early to mid-Payntonian age is suggested. Faunal Unit XI cannot be confidently recognised. Öpik (1965, 1969) recorded the presence of “a Tellerina-like pygidium and fragmentary cranidia of Saukiidae reminiscent of Saukia and/or Saukiella” in collection CG275/4

Fig. 8. Geological map of the Mt Rob and Gap Point areas, with localities and sections marked.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

28

495

S E R I E S

3

500

505

Trem. Stage 10 Stage 9

F U R O N G I A N

490

Stage 5 Drumian Stage 7 Paibian

E. ORD

Period/ Series/Stage

ORD

485

Stage 4

2

Trilobite zones

Conodont zones

Warendan

Cordylodus lindstromi

Iverian

Idamean Mindyallan Boomerangian Undillan Floran Templetonian Ordian ?

Mictosaukia perplexa Neo. quasibilobus-S. nomas Sinosaukia impages Rh. c. maximus-Rh. papilio Rh. bifax-Neo. denticulatus Rh. c. prolatus-C. sectatrix

Hispidodontus resimus Teridontus nakamurai

Rh. c. patulus-C. squamosa-H. lilyensis

Pei. tertia-Pei. quarta Pei. secunda-Pro. glabella Went. iota-Rh. apsis Irvingella tropica Stigmatoa diloma Erixanium sentum Proceratopyge cryptica Glyptagnostus reticulatus Glyptagnostus stolidotus Acmarhachis quasivespa Erediaspis eretes

Bonaparte stratigraphy

c XII

Cordylodus prolindstromi Hirsutodontus simplex Cordylodus proavus Hispidodontus discretus Hispidodontus appressus

Datsonian Payntonian

Bonaparte zones

Chosonodina herfurthiCordylodus angulatus

b

Pander Greensand

a X

b a

IX ?

Clark Sandstone

VI-VIII

No diagnostic fauna

Pretlove Sandstone

V

Skewthorpe Formation

IV

Damesella torosa-Ferenepea janitrix Lejopyge laevigata Goniagnostus nathorsti Doryagnostus deltoides Ptychagnostus punctuosus Euagnostus opimus Acidusus atavus

No diagnostic fauna

Hart Spring Sandstone

Triplagnostus gibbus Pentagnostus shergoldi Pentagnostus praecurrens Pentagnostus anabarensis Xystridura negrina ass. Redlichia forresti ass.

I-II

Tarrarra Formation

?

Pararaia janeae

S E R I E S

Pararaia bunyerooensis

?

Pararaia tatei

Antrim Plateau Volcanics

Abadiella huoi

Stage 3

C

520

A

M

B

R

515

I

A

N

510

Australian Stages

?

Fig. 9. Correlation of Öpik’s Faunal units with the standard biostratigraphic scheme based on trilobites and conodonts, mainly from the Georgina Basin. The trilobite zones are taken from Shergold (1995a, b) with revisions in the Templetonian and Ordian by Laurie (2006). The conodont zonation is from Shergold & Nicoll (1992), the Bonaparte zones are from Öpik (1965, 1969) and the Bonaparte stratigraphy is from Mory & Beere (1988).

at Gap Point. This was regarded as the youngest Cambrian faunal assemblage in the Bonaparte Basin, and the single representative of Unit XI. The cited Tellerina-like pygidium and Saukiellalike cranidium is the combination occurring at several localities and is described here as Prosaukia? pentecosti sp. nov. At CG275/4 it is associated with Mansuyia sp. undet. and Dictyella conica sp. nov., which typically characterise Faunal Unit X as redefined here. There is no

justification for the recognition of a Faunal Unit XI based on Öpik’s criteria. However, Unit XI has previously been regarded as equivalent to the Mictosaukia perplexa Assemblage-Zone in the Georgina Basin (Shergold 1995b). While the present study cannot demonstrate the presence of this zone in the Bonaparte Basin definitively, there is a possiblity that very poorly preserved saukiid trilobites recorded from the base of section CG249 (Fig. 5) may eventually prove to

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) represent a species of Mictosaukia. More likely, the trilobite biostratigraphy will confirm that based on conodonts. Jones’ (1971) analysis of section CG249, NE of Clark Jump Up, suggests that the early Datsonian Cordylodus proavus Zone is unrepresented. Accordingly, a hiatus equivalent to the latest Payntonian and early Datsonian is strongly suggested. Öpik (op. cit.) considered Richardsonellidae, Leiostegiidae and “protopliomerids” occurring above horizon CG249/9 on section CG249 (e.g., at CG249/11) to indicate an early Ordovician, late Tremadoc to early Arenig age, and to represent Faunal Unit XII. The record of Cordylodus lindstromi in collection CG249/9 (Jones 1971, fig. 6) certainly indicates proximity to the base of the Ordovician. This is further confirmed by the record here of the trilobite Jujuyaspis, which occurs close to the FAD of the conodont Iapetognathus fluctivagus in Utah, but is also known in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Texas, British Columbia, Alberta, Norway, Spain, Kazakhstan, NE China (Hebei) and now NW Australia. In fact, Unit XII, as conceived by Öpik, contains three distinct faunal assemblages. The earliest one, possibly of terminal Cambrian, latest Datsonian or earliest Warendan age, contains Aristokainella sp. cf. A. calvicepitis Zhou & Zhang, 1978, Hystricurus (Hystricurus) sp. undet., Leiostegium (Leiostegium) sp. undet. 1, and Yosimuraspis sp. undet. This assemblage occurs in collections JSK249, JSK250, JSK257, JSK264, JSK294, JSK310 and CG231/K1 on sections CG231 (Fig. 6), CG249 (Fig. 5), CG245E. The second trilobite assemblage consists of Aristokainella sp. cf. A. calvicepitis Zhou & Zhang, Jiia? sp. undet., Jujuyaspis sp. undet., Leiostegium (Leiostegium) sp. undet. 2 and Parapilekia? sp. undet. This has been found in collections CG231/K2, CG231/ K3, CG249/11, JSK251, JSK252, and JSK268, on sections CG231 (Fig. 6) and CG249 (Fig. 5). This has an early Ordovician, early Warendan age within the Cordylodus lindstromi Zone. The youngest trilobite assemblage, comprising Apatokephalops sp. undet., Asaphellus sp. undet. and Tienshihfuia sp. cf. T. constricta Kuo & Duan in Kuo et al., 1982, occurs in collections JSK272, JSK273, JSK284 and JSK296, on sections CG249 (Fig. 5) and CG233. Conodonts isolated from samples JSK271 and JSK272 on section CG249 include Cordylodus angulatus, Chosonodina herfurthi, Drepanoistodus sp. and Rossodus? sp. which confirm a late Warendan age within the Cordylodus angulatus-Chosonodina herfurthi Zone. CORRELATIONS The correlation of Öpik’s (1965, 1969) Faunal

29

Units with the standard biostratigraphic scheme established on trilobites and conodonts, mainly from the Georgina Basin, western Queensland (after Shergold 1995b), is shown on Figure 9. The oldest identifiable Cambrian faunas are representative of the latest Middle Cambrian, late Mindyallan Glyptagnostus stolidotus Zone, which is particularly well developed in the Georgina Basin (Öpik 1967), but also known in the Amadeus Basin (Shergold 1986), the Warburton Basin (Gatehouse 1986), western New South Wales (Wang et al. 1989), and the Dundas Trough of NW Tasmania (Jago 1979; Jago & Brown 1989). The Iverian Faunal Units VI-IX have a more restricted distribution in Australia (Shergold 1993). Unit VII, with the parabolinoidid trilobite Taenicephalus?, may be correlated to the Wentsuia iota/Rhaptagnostus apsis A.-Z., which occurs in the lower Chatsworth Limestone of the Burke River Structural Belt, eastern Georgina Basin. It may also be correlated to this zone in the Dundas Trough and on the South coast of Tasmania (Laurie et al. 1995). Unit VIII, with Peichiashania, can probably be correlated to the same basins, since that genus also occurs in the Chatsworth Limestone (Shergold 1980) and has been recorded in southern Tasmania by Laurie et al. (1995). Correlation of Unit IX, with Kaolishania, can be made only to the Gola Beds, lateral equivalents of the Chatsworth Limestone, in the eastern Georgina Basin (Shergold 1972). Elements of Payntonian Faunal Unit X, characterised by its saukiid and tsinaniid trilobites, may be correlated widely in the Georgina (Shergold 1975) and Amadeus (Shergold 1991) Basins, in western New South Wales and in the Dundas Trough of Tasmania (Jago & Corbett 1990). Conversely, due to the effects of the Lange Ranch Eustatic Event which was responsible for global sea-level fall, widespread deposition of evaporitic sediments and stratigraphic hiatus, early Datsonian trilobite faunas are poorly represented in Australia, and biostratigraphy at this time is controlled by means of conodonts. Of the three assemblages which comprise Faunal Unit XII, the earliest (XIIa) contains leiostegioidean trilobites which permit correlation with the Jiggamore Member of the Ninmaroo Formation, eastern Georgina Basin (Shergold 1975) and to Digger Island in Victoria (Jell 1985). The trilobite assemblage characterising Unit XIIb has not been described elsewhere in Australia, but correlation with the bulk of the Mort and the Corrie Members of the Ninmaroo Formation of the eastern Georgina Basin can be made via the conodont Cordylodus lindstromi. The youngest assemblage of the Watties Bore

30

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) illlustrated, CPC33925, 33926.

Fig. 10. Ammagnostinae, genus and species incertae sedis; A, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33925, from K331/7C, X 6; B, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33926, from CG201/9/2, X 6.

Formation in western New South Wales (Webby et al. 1988), which contains Hysterolenus, may be contemporaneous, but there are no taxa in common. The occurrence of Apatokephalops in Unit XIIc permits correlation with the Datson Member of the Ninmaroo Formation in the Burke River Structural Belt, but the Georgina and Bonaparte assemblages are quite different in composition at this time (Shergold, unpublished data). The presence of Cordylodus angulatus in Unit XIIc allows correlation to be extended to the eastern Warburton Basin (X. W. Sun, in prep.). It seems likely that Units XIIb and XIIc combined correlate with the faunas of the Florentine Valley Formation in SW Tasmania described by Jell & Stait (1985). SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY Descriptive terminology used here is based mainly on that of Whittington & Kelly (1997). Additional terminology is from Öpik (1961a, 1963, 1967) and Shergold (1972, 1975, 1980, 1982), while that for agnostoid trilobites is from Shergold et al. (1990). Symbols used in the text for dimensional parameters are defined in the above quoted texts by Shergold. Only the following are used here: Lc: maximum length (sag.) of cephalon or cranidium. Lp1: maximum length (sag.) of pygidium including articulating half ring. Lp2: pygidial length (sag.) excluding the articulating half ring. All material described here is prefixed CPC and deposited in the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection, Geoscience Australia, Canberra. Order AGNOSTIDA Salter, 1864 Suborder AGNOSTINA Salter, 1864 Family AGNOSTIDAE M‘Coy, 1849 Subfamily AMMAGNOSTINAE Öpik, 1967 Genus et species incertae sedis (Fig. 10) Material. A total of one cephalon and five pygidia were judged well enough preserved for possible description. Only two of the pygidia are

Occurrence. Late Cambrian agnostoids occur in five collections from the Skewthorpe Formation: JSK331, a spot sample on section CG274, Mount Rob; JSK319, on section CG226 in the Onslow Hills; CG201/9, on section CG201 at Skewthorpe Ridge; CG235/4A, on section CG235 to the NE of Clark Jump Up; and JSK306, on section CG202, Butterfly Ridge. Remarks. None of the agnostoid genera Peronopsis, Grandagnostus or Ptychagnostus mentioned by Öpik (in Kaulback & Veevers 1965, 1969, p. 75) have been identified in any of the collections studied. Instead, an ammagnostine genus of uncertain determination has been observed to occur commonly at the localities listed above where it is generally associated with species of Liostracina and Blackwelderia and acccordingly has a late Mindyallan, Glyptagnostus stolidotus Zone age (Faunal Unit V of Öpik 1965, 1969). Cephala are too poorly preserved for illustration or description. The pygidia, however, are characterised by constricted acrolobes, deliquiate border furrows, and possession of a long (sag.), unsegmented axis, with a laterally inflated (tr.) posterior lobe which reaches the posterior border furrow. Such pygidia are ammagnostine and could perhaps be referred to either Ammagnostus or Proagnostus. Much better preservation is required for their precise identification. Order PTYCHOPARIIDA Swinnerton, 1915 Suborder PTYCHOPARIINA Swinnerton, 1915 Superfamily DAMESELLOIDEA Kobayashi, 1935 Family DAMESELLIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 Subfamily DAMESELLINAE Kobayashi, 1935 Blackwelderia Walcott, 1905 Type species. Calymene? sinensis Bergeron (1899, p. 500, pl. 13, fig. 12), Gushanian, locality unknown, China. Other species. See Zhu (in Lu et al. 1965), Öpik (1967), Zhang & Jell (1987), Zhu & Wittke (1989), Guo et al. (1996), and particularly Wang et al. (1989). Remarks. The genus Blackwelderia is represented in the Skewthorpe Formation only by poorly preserved fragments of two distinct species, which are compared with previously described species from western Queensland and northeastern China.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

31

Fig. 11. Blackwelderia sp. cf. B. repanda Öpik, 1967; A, anterior part of cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33932, from K331/4, X 6; B, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33933, from K331/6, X 6; C, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33934, from K331/1, X 4; D, hypostome, ventral view, CPC 33935, from K331/5, X 6; E, partial pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33937, from K331/2, X 4; F, partial pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33936, from K331/3, X 4.

Blackwelderia sp. cf. B. repanda Öpik, 1967 (Fig. 11) cf. 1967 Blackwelderia repanda; Öpik, p. 315-316, pl. 32, fig. 2, pl. 47, fig. 10, Mindyallan, Glyptagnostus stolidotus Zone, O’Hara Shale, Georgina Basin, western Queensland, Australia. cf. 1989 Blackwelderia sp. cf. B. repanda Öpik; Wang et al., p. 114-115, fig. 4R-T, fig. 5A-I, age as above, Kayrunnera Beds, western New South Wales, Australia. Material. Three non-quantifiable cranidial fragments, one hypostome, and three pygidia. Figured material comprises CPC 33932-33937. Occurrence. The illustrated material is restricted to a single collection, JSK331, a spot sample taken on section CG274 at Mount Rob. Age. Late Middle Cambrian, late Mindyallan, Glyptagnostus stolidotus Zone (Faunal Unit V of Öpik 1965, 1969).

Fig. 12. Blackwelderia sp. cf. B. sinensis (Bergeron, 1899); A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33927, from AAP6/1D, X 4; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33928, from AAP6/2, X 4; C, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33929, from K319/10, X 4; D, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33931, from K319/3, X 3; E, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33930, from AAP6/7, X 4.

Remarks. The available material is compared to Blackwelderia repanda Öpik because its cranidium has a narrow (sag.), upturned anterior cranidial border and narrow (sag.) anterior cranidial border furrow; a glabella which is conical, anteriorly rounded, and bears well defined preoccipital glabellar furrows together with hints of median lateral furrows represented as notches. The pygidium is characterised by seven pairs of spines of which the fifth is the longest. This longest spine is relatively longer than that in B. repanda Öpik. An associated hypostome is subrectangular with slightly expanded lateral borders and prominent, convex (tr.) median body. This hypostome is not dissimilar to that illustrated as Blackwelderia sinensis (Bergeron) by Walcott

32

(1913, pl. 9, fig. 5d; reillustrated by Zhang & Jell, 1987, pl. 101, fig. 2). Overall, the available material is similar to that described by Wang et al. (1989) from western New South Wales, which also occurs in a sandy lithofacies. Blackwelderia sp. cf. B. sinensis (Bergeron, 1899) (Fig. 12) Material. Seven non-quantifiable cranidial fragments, and five poorly preserved pygidia. Specimens CPC 33927-33931 are illustrated. Occurrence. Skewthorpe Formation, collections JSK319, on section CG226, Onslow Hills; and at AAP6, section CG235, NW of Clark Jump Up. Age. Late Cambrian, late Mindyallan, Glyptagnostus stolidotus Zone (Faunal Unit V of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. A voluminous synonymy is given for this species by Zhang & Jell (1987, p. 213) and Zhu & Wittke (1989, p. 218). Blackwelderia sinensis (Bergeron) is a species characterised by equidimensional pygidial spines. Such pygidia occurring in the Skewthorpe Formation are associated with cranidia having an anteriorly obtusely rounded glabella, three pairs of glabellar furrows, prominent ocular ridges, and wide (sag.) anterior border and anterior cranidial border furrow. These are unlike previously described species of Blackwelderia and may suggest a new species, but insufficient well preserved material is available to adequately describe it. Superfamily LIOSTRACINOIDEA Raymond, 1937 Family LIOSTRACINIDAE Raymond, 1937 Subfamily LIOSTRACININAE Raymond, 1937 Liostracina Monke, 1903 Type species. Liostracina krausei Monke (1903, p. 114, pl. 3, figs 10-17), Gushanian, Drepanura Zone, Gushan Formation, Yanzhuang, Shandong, China. Other species. Liostracina volens Öpik (1967, pp. 353-355, pl. 35, figs 1-5), late Mindyallan, Glyptagnostus stolidotus Zone, O’Hara Shale, Georgina Limestone, Georgina Basin, western Queensland, Australia. Liostracina nolens Öpik (1967, pp. 355-356, pl. 35, figs 6-7), age as above, Georgina Limestone, Georgina Basin, western Queensland, Australia. Liostracina cf. nolens Öpik (Cooper et al. 1996, p. 381, fig. 6V-W)

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Mindyallan, Molar Formation Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Liostracina bella Lin & Zhou (in Lin et al., 1983, pp. 407-408, pl. 3, figs 7-10), Gushanian, Gushan Formation, Kunshan, SE Jiangsu, China. Liostracina simesi Jago & Cooper (2005, p. 671, fig. 4A-E), Mindyallan, Spurs Formation, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Remarks. Established species of Liostracina vary amongst themselves by degree of effacement of the anterior cranidial border furrow, depth of incision of the median preglabellar furrow, and clarity of definition of the ocular ridges and bacculae. Specimens from NE China described by Zhang & Jell (1987, pls 118, 121) show significant variation. While more effaced than any other species of Liostracina, the cranidia described here nevertheless possess the architecture appropriate for the genus. Additionally, the associated pygidium is extremely similar to that of the type species (Monke 1903, pl. 3, fig. 17; Lu et al. 1965, pl. 93, figs 7-8). Accordingly, the current material is referred to Liostracina without question. Liostracina kaulbacki sp. nov. (Fig. 13) Etymology. After Jan Kaulback, formerly of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics (now Geoscience Australia), who collected much of the described material. Types. Holotype, cranidium, CPC 33938, Fig. 13A; paratypes, CPC 33939-33947. Material. Ten cranidia measuring between 2.4-5.5 mm in length, and four pygidia with lengths (Lp1) between 1.4-2.9 mm. Specimens CPC 33938-33947 are illustrated. Occurrence. Skewthorpe Formation, collections JSK331 on section CG274 at Mount Rob; CG201/9 on section CG201 at Skewthorpe Ridge; CG218/1A and CG219/3 on sections CG218 and CG219 in the Onslow Hills; and AAP6 on section CG235, NE of Clark Jump Up. Age. Middle Cambrian, late Mindyallan, Glyptagnostus stolidotus Zone (Faunal Unit V of Öpik 1965, 1969). Diagnosis. A species of Liostracina with effaced glabellar and median preglabellar furrows, shallow anterior cranidial border furrow, and lacking prominent bacculae. Description. The cranidium is transverse, semielliptical, and has low convexity (tr., sag.). The glabella, together with the occipital ring,

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

33

Fig. 13. Liostracina kaulbacki sp. nov; Paratypes except where noted, all X 6. A, Holotype cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33938, from AAP6/4B; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33939, from CG218/1A/1A; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33940, from AAP6/1B; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33941, from AAP6/1A; E, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33942, from AAP6/5; F, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33943, from AAP6/4A; G, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33944, from AAP6/1C; H, partial pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33947, from CG218/1A/2C; I, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33946, from AAP6/3A; J, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33945 from CG201/9/1A.

occupying about 70% of the cranidial length (sag.), is generally subparallel-sided, and anteriorly distinctly pointed, although some specimens are anteriorly more truncate. Glabellar furrows are effaced. The occipital ring is sagittally relatively narrow but transversely wider than the preoccipital portion of the glabella. The preglabellar area is broad (tr.) and gently convex (sag.), lacks a median preglabellar furrow, and has only a shallow anterior cranidial marginal furrow flanking a narrow (sag.), gently upraised anterior cranidial border. The palpebral areas are wide (tr.), over 50% of the glabellar length (sag.), and gently convex (tr.). Small palpebral lobes are centred behind the mid-point of the glabella. Ocular ridges are effaced, as are bacculae. The posterolateral limbs are short (tr.), with prominent posterior border furrows. Associated pygidia are small, transversely subtriangular, wider than long (sag.), and have low convexity (tr.). Their anterolateral corners are drawn out into short points. The axis is short (sag.), conical, and may contain three very poorly defined axial rings. There seems to be evidence for two equally poorly defined pairs of pleural furrows, the first pair extending to the pygidial border furrow which is prominent in separating the pleural zone from a distinct, narrow border.

The margin is entire, non-spinose. Remarks. Liostracina kaulbacki sp. nov. can be diffferentiated from all other species assigned to the genus by its diagnostic characteristics. Superfamily OLENOIDEA Burmeister, 1843 Family OLENIDAE Burmeister, 1843 Subfamily PELTURINAE Harrington & Leanza, 1952 Jujuyaspis Kobayashi, 1936a [=Alimbetaspis Balashova, 1961; =Sphaerophthalmella Kobayashi, 1955 (pars) (fide Norford 1969)] Type species. Jujuyaspis keideli Kobayashi (1936a, p. 90, pl. 16, figs 5-9), Neoparabolina argentina Zone, Purmamarca Shale, Quebradade Humahuca, Juyjuy Province, Argentina. Other species. The specific composition of Jujuyaspis has been discussed at length by others, the most definitive account being that of Nikolaisen & Henningsmoen (1985) in remarks on the affiliation of J. keideli keideli. Remarks. The type species, and its synonyms J.

34

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 14. Jujuyaspis species undetermined; A-C, cranidium, CPC 33948, from K268/1A, X 3; A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, anterior view; D, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33955, from K251/8, X 4; E, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33950, from K251/6, X 3; F, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33949, from K268/3A, X 3; G, J, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33952, from K268/2A, X 4; G, dorsal view; J, posterior view; H, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33953, from K268/3C, X 4; I, right librigena, dorsal view, CPC 33951, from K251/1A, X 3; K, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33954, from K251/1B, X 3; L, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33956, from K251/1D, X 4.

harringtoni Kobayashi, 1955 (according to Přibyl & Vaněk 1980) and J. truncaticornis Baldis et al., 1984 (according to Aceñolaza & Aceñolaza 1992), occurs in Argentina (Kobayashi 1936a; Harrington 1938; Harrington & Leanza 1952, 1957; Aceñolaza 1983; Aceñolaza & Aceñolaza 1992; Tortello & Aceñolaza 1993; Aceñolaza et al. 2001; Tortello & Clarkson 2003; Tortello & Esteban 1999; Tortello et al. 1999), Bolivia (Harrington & Leanza 1943; Branisa 1965; Přibyl & Vaněk 1980), Colombia (Baldis et al. 1984), the southern Urals (Antsygin 2001) and Norway, where the subspecies J. keideli norvegica was recognised by Henningsmoen (1957); Nikolaisen & Henningsmoen (1985) and Bruton et al. (1982). Jujuyaspis angusta Henningsmoen, 1957 also occurs in Norway. In North America, J. borealis Kobayashi, 1955 occurs in the McKay Group of British Columbia (Norford 1969), the Survey Peak Formation of Alberta (Dean 1989), the House Limestone of western Utah (Stitt & Miller 1987; Miller et al. 1990; Miller et al. 2003) and

central Texas (Winston & Nicholls 1967) where it was originally identified as J. keideli. Jujuyaspis colombiana Baldis et al., 1984 occurs in the Formacíon Negritas of Colombia, and J. sinensis Zhou, 1980 occurs in the Yehli Formation of northern Hebei, China (see also Zhou & Zhang 1983, 1985) and the Mungok Formation of Korea (Park et al. 1994; Kim & Choi 2000; Choi et al. 2003). Nikolaisen & Henningsmoen (1985) also consider Alimbetaspis kelleri Balashova (1961, pp. 122-124, pl. 3, figs 15-18), from Aktyubinsk, Kazakhstan, to be a species of Jujuyaspis. Furthermore, the fragments described by Shergold & Sdzuy (1991) as “olenid genus and species undetermined”, from the Valconchón Formation of Celtiberia, Spain, also seem likely to represent Jujuyaspis. Jujuyaspis steinmanni Kobayashi (1936b) has been referred to Saltaspis by Harrington & Leanza (1957) and J.? robusta Tjernvik (1953) to Nericiaspis by Tjernvik (1955), both having genal spines. Everywhere, species of Jujuyaspis occur

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) close to the beginning of the Tremadoc. They are associated with Rhabdinopora flabelliforme subspecies in Argentina and Norway. In the shelly biofacies of North America, J. borealis occurs in the earliest Symphysurina bulbosa Zone in Utah associated with earliest Tremadoc conodonts (Miller et al. 2003). In China, J. sinensis is found late in the Yosimuraspis Zone which Qian (1986) considers equivalent to the Cordylodus lindstromi conodont Zone. Although the Australian species described below is not directly associated with conodonts, collection JSK268 comes from the 57 m level on section CG249 which, with reference to Jones’ (1971, p. 13, fig. 6) conodont range chart, would place it slightly younger than the FAD of Cordylodus lindstromi. Jujuyaspis species undetermined (Fig. 14) Material. Internal and external moulds of six cranidia, two librigenae, and thirteeen pygidia. Three measurable cranidia vary in length (Lc) between 5.8-11 mm, and eleven pygidia have lengths (Lp2) between 3.3-7 mm. Figured material is numbered CPC33948-33956. Occurrence. Pander Greensand collections JSK251 on section CG231 at Clark Jump Up, and JSK268 on section CG249 immediately to the NE of section CG231. Age. Early Ordovician, early Warendan, Cordylodus lindstromi Zone (see also Shergold 2000). Description. Cranidia are all incomplete and details of the preglabellar morphology, in particular, cannot be documented with confidence. Nevertheless, the tagma is transversely moderately convex. The glabella is anteriorly gently tapered and bluntly rounded, extending to the anterior cranidial margin; the glabellar furrows are effaced and the occipital furrow only faintly indicated. The occipital ring is relatively narrow (sag.), is not raised above the dorsal surface of the glabella in profile, and lacks a median node. Palpebral lobes are short (exsag.), and situated close to the glabella, anterior to the transverse mid-point of the glabella. The posterolateral limbs are expansive and bluntly rounded, and bear posterior border furrows which widen slightly distally. The preocular fixigenae are much restricted, and may not connect anteriorly. The librigena is characterised by its small eye, and prominent lateral border furrow. There is no genal spine or even a prominent genal angle. The pygidium is parabolic or slightly subtriangular, with low convexity (tr.) and entire,

35

non-spinose, margin. There are three axial rings and an ill-defined terminal piece, not extending to the posterior margin. Pleural and interpleural furrows are effaced, and there is no border furrow. One specimen, CPC 33954 (Fig. 14K), bears a finely striate prosopon. Remarks. Jujuyaspis sp. undet. resembles J. keideli keideli Kobayashi in general, but may have slightly wider (tr.) palpebral areas; the pygidium is more effaced, more parabolic, and has one fewer (3) axial ring, as in J. angusta Henningsmoen (1957, pl. 28, fig. 15) and J. borealis Kobayashi. Jujuyaspis sp. undet. is more effaced, and lacks the nuchal node of J. angusta and J. keideli norvegica Henningsmoen, 1957 (see also Bruton et al. 1982, pl. 1, fig. 16). Comparison of J. sp. undet. with J. sinensis Zhou (in Chen et al. 1980; Zhou & Zhang 1983, 1985) is made difficult by the poor preservation of both the Chinese and Australian material. However, the former may be differentiated by its possession of four pygidial axial rings (Zhou in Chen et al. 1980, pl. 3, fig. 2). Jujuyaspis kelleri (Balashova 1961) shows traces of glabellar furrows, and has a strongly developed striate pygidial prosopon (Balashova 1961, pl. 3, figs 15-19). Like J. sp. undet., it has three pygidial axial rings. Family PARABOLINOIDIDAE Lochman, 1956 Remarks. The concept of Parabolinoididae followed here is that of Westrop (1986, p. 45). Relationships of Parabolinoididae to Shirakiellidae Kobayashi, 1935 are discussed under the latter. Taenicephalus Ulrich & Resser in Walcott, 1924 Type species. Conocephalites shumardi Hall (1863, p. 154, pl. 7, figs 1-2; pl. 8, figs 32, 19?), Franconian, Taenicephalus Zone, Lone Rock Formation, Wisconsin, USA (see Westrop 1986, p. 50, for recent synonymy and refigured lectotype). Other species. Conocephalites nasutus Hall (1863, p. 155, pl. 7, figs 3-9), Franconian, Taenicephalus Zone, Bison Creek Formation, Alberta, Canada (refigured lectotype in Westrop 1986, pl. 22, figs 3-4). Taenicephalus altus Nelson (1951, p. 777, pl. 107, figs 2, 4, 7), Franconian, Conaspis Zone, Franconia Formation, Wisconsin, Minnesota, USA. Bemaspis gouldi Frederickson (1949, p. 357, pl. 71, figs 11-14), Franconian, Taenicephalus Zone, Honey Creek Formation,

36

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 15. Taenicephalus? travesi sp. nov.; All paratypes except where noted; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33957 from K274/1A, X 4; B, two cranidia, dorsal view, larger, CPC 33958, smaller, CPC 33959, from K274/1B, X 4; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33960 from K274/2A, X 4; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33962 from K274/1D, X 4; E, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33963 from K290/3, X 4; F, two cranidia, dorsal view, left, CPC 33967, right, CPC 33968 from K322/6, X 3; G, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33964 from K321/1, X 3; H, K, holotype cranidium, CPC 33966 from K290/4, X 3; H, dorsal view; K, lateral view; I, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33965 from K286/2A, X 4; J, librigena, dorsal view, CPC 33969 from K274/5, X 4; L, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33961 from K274/2B, X 4; M, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33971 from K286/2B, X 4; N, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33970 from K274/1F, X 4; O, partial pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33975 from K274/8, X 4; P, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33972 from K286/4 ; X 4; Q, two pygidia, dorsal view, smaller, CPC 33973, larger, CPC 33974, from K322/2, X 3.

Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma, USA (designated Bell & Ellinwood 1962, p. 401). Taenicephalus sp. (Bell & Ellinwood 1962, pp. 402-403, pl. 56, figs 19-21), Franconian, Taenicephalus Zone, Wilberns Formation, central Texas, USA. Taenicephalus gallupensis Grant (1965, pp. 136-137, pl. 12, figs

19-20), Franconian, Taenicephalus Zone, Snowy Range Formation, SW Montana, NW Wyoming, USA. Taenicephalus sp. A (Westrop 1986, p. 51, pl. 22, figs 14-16), Franconian, Taenicephalus Zone, Bison Creek Formation, Alberta, Canada. Taenicephalus sp. nov. A (Westrop 1995, p. 31, pl.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) 12, figs 1-3), Sunwaptan, Noelaspis davidi Zone, Rabbitkettle Formation, McKenzie Mountains, NW Canada. Taenicephalus? sp. nov. B (Westrop 1995, p. 31, pl. 12, figs 8-11), Sunwaptan, Noelaspis bilobata Zone, Rabbitkettle Formation, McKenzie Mountains, NW Canada. Taenicephalus? travesi sp. nov. (Fig. 15) 1969 “affiliates of Taenicephalus” Öpik (in Kaulback & Veevers, p. 76). Etymology. Named after D. M. Traves, former Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics officer who produced the first geological map of the Bonaparte and Ord Basins in association with the Land Research and Regional Survey Section of CSIRO between 1949 and 1952. Types. Holotype cranidium, CPC 33966, Fig. 15H, K; paratypes, CPC 33957-33965, 33967-33975. Material. The illustrated material is drawn from a collection comprising 22 cranidia with lengths (Lc) between 4.4-12.7 mm; nine librigenae; and 14 pygidia with lengths (Lp1) between 1.9-7 mm. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK274 on section CG249E, due east of Clark Jump Up; JSK285, JSK286, JSK289 and JSK290 on section CG245, SE of Clark Jump Up; and JSK320, JSK321 and JSK322 on section CG226 in the Onslow Hills. Age. Furongian, early Iverian (Faunal Unit VII of Öpik 1965, 1969). Diagnosis. A parabolinoidid species with strongly tapering glabella, long (sag.), anteriorly rounded preglabellar area, and palpebral lobes centered only marginally in front of the glabellar midlength. Description. Taenicephalus? travesi sp. nov. has a rounded anterior cranidial border as in the lectotype of the type species (Ulrich & Resser in Walcott 1924, pl. 17, fig. 15; Westrop 1986, pl. 22, figs 3-4). The glabella is long (sag.), together with the occipital ring occupying almost 75% of the cranidial length (sag.). It tapers markedly forwards, is anteriorly bluntly rounded, and bears two pairs of glabellar furrows. The preoccipital furrows are stronger, are always preserved, and posterosagittally directed but unconnected sagittally. The median lateral furrows are less often preserved and are slightly more

37

transverse. The occipital furrow is abaxially deepened; the occipital ring significantly wider (tr.) than the preoccipital glabellar lobes. Arcuate palpebral lobes extend from the confluence of the preoccipital and axial furrows to a point where the anterior lateral furrows might be expected to occur, and are accordingly centred only slightly in advance of the mid-point of the glabella. Their length (exsag.) is approximately equivalent to the width (tr.) of the palpebral areas. Preocular facial sutures extend direct to the anterolateral corners of the cranidium with little divergence. They enclose a preglabellar area composed of a gently convex (sag.) preglabellar field, a prominent transverse anterior cranidial border furrow, and an anterior cranidial border that may be gently widened sagittally. The postocular facial sutures enclose long (tr.), blade-like posterolateral limbs with evenly narrow (exsag.) posterior cranidial borders. The librigena has a broad genal field and stout genal spine. The lateral and posterior librigenal border furrows combine at the genal angle and project some distance into the base of the genal spine. Pygidia are transverse elliptical and lack marginal spines. A conical axis contains four axial rings and a blunt terminal piece which extends to the posterior border. Four pleural segments are indicated by both pleural and interpleural furrows which run parallel. The posterolateral pygidial border is significantly wider than the posterior border. Early holaspid pygidia appear to be more strongly emarginate than later ones. Remarks. This species shares much morphology with the type of Taenicephalus, T. shumardi (Hall), differing cranidially in its less inflated preglabellar field, longer (exsag.) palpebral lobes, and lack of fossulae at the anterolateral ends of the preglabellar furrow. Pygidia are non-spinose, and have appreciably wider borders than those illustrated by Westrop (1986, pl. 21, figs 7, 15). Taenicephalus altus Nelson is comparable in most characteristics, but retains the preglabellar fossulae. T. gouldi (Frederickson) and T. nasuta (Hall) lack the fossulae and have flatter (sag.) preglabellar fields, but are distinguished by an anteriorly angulate cranidial profile. The confer is added to the present generic determination because of the long (exsag.) palpebral lobes centred only marginally anterior to the glabellar mid-length. Taenicephalus? travesi shows morphological variablity in the proportional dimensions of components of the preglabellar area. One group (of three) from collection JSK322 (section CG226, Onslow Hills) possesses a narrow (sag.), slightly anteriorly

38

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Shirakiella Kobayashi, 1935 [=Mansuyella Endo in Endo & Resser, 1937] Type species. Shirakiella elongata Kobayashi (1935, pp. 322-323, pl. 7, figs 7-13), late Changshanian, Kaolishania Zone, Dongjeom and Sesong-ni, South Korea. Other species. Shirakiella laticonvexa Kobayashi (1935, p. 323, pl. 7, figs 15-18; =Coosia tokunagai Kobayashi, 1931, p. 180, pl. 20, fig. 5), Changshanian, Kaolishania Zone, Doten, South Korea. Shirakiella tokunagai (Kobayashi) (1931, p. 180, pl. 20, figs 4, 6), as above. Shirakiella endoi Chu (in Lu et al., 1965, p. 191, pl. 33, figs 3-9), Changshan Formation, Liaoning, China. Shirakiella wayaoensis Luo (1983, p. 7, pl. 2, figs 15-16), late Cambrian, Baoshan, W. Yunnan, China. Shirakiella latilimbata Luo (1983, pp. 6-7, pl. 3, fig. 1), as above.

Fig. 16. Shirakiella sp. cf. S. elongata Kobayashi, 1935, all X 4; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33976 from K278/6A; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33981 from K278/7B; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33977 from K278/6B; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33978 from K278/3; E, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33979 from K278/4; F, librigena, dorsal view, CPC 33982 from K278/2C; G, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33980 from K278/2A.

angulate anterior cranidial border which appears gently reflected above a depressed preglabellar field. They possibly represent a separate taxon, but insufficient material is available to diagnose one satisfactorily. Family SHIRAKIELLIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 Remarks. The family Shirakiellidae urgently requires reassessment. It comprises four genera (Shergold et al. 1983, p. 88): Shirakiella Kobayashi, 1935 (=Mansuyella Endo, 1937), Neoshirakiella Sun, 1979, Langyashania Lu & Zhu, 1980 and Taishania Sun, 1935. Generally, these occur on the Sino-Korean Platform, but Langyashania has also been reported from Spain (Shergold et al. 1983). The family is united by cranidia with variably effaced anterior cranidial border furrows and mostly effaced glabellar furrows combined with small, generally anteriorly situated palpebral lobes.

Remarks. Although Mansuyella Endo is a synonym of Shirakiella, since its type species is a species of Shirakiella (Kobayashi 1960b, p. 390), none of the other species assigned to Mansuyella by Endo (1937, 1944) are regarded here as representative of Shirakiella even though they have been questionably assigned by Chu (in Lu et al. 1965, pp. 192-193). Shirakiella sp. cf. S. elongata Kobayashi, 1935 (Fig. 16) cf. 1935 Shirakiella elongata; Kobayashi, p. 332, pl. 7, figs 7-13. cf. 1957 Shirakiella elongata; Lu et al., p. 286, pl. 148, fig. 8. cf. 1960b Shirakiella elongata; Kobayashi, p. 390. cf. 1965 Shirakiella elongata; Chu in Lu et al., p. 191, pl. 33, figs 1-2. 1969 Croixana; Öpik (in Kaulback & Veevers), p. 76. cf. 1980 Shirakiella elongata; Nan, p. 491, pl. 202, figs 8-11. cf. 1989 Shirakiella elongata; Zhu & Wittke, p. 212, pl. 3, figs 5-6; pl. 4, figs 1-3. Material. Nine cranidia with lengths (Lc) between 4.7-6.1 mm; and one librigena. Specimens CPC 33976-33982 are illustrated. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK278 and JSK279 on a section east of CG249, NE of Clark Jump Up; CG236/12, CG236/13 and AAP12, in the Onslow Hills. Age. Late Cambrian, Iverian (Faunal Units VII,

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

39

VIII and ?IX of Öpik (in Kaulback & Veevers 1965, 1969). Remarks. All the illustrated material is from the same horizon, JSK278, and is the best available. The cranidia are characterised by generally effaced glabellar furrows (although one specimen, CPC 33978, Fig. 16D, indicates the presence of two pairs), and an effaced anterior cranidial border furrow. The glabella is anteriorly tapered and obtusely rounded. Palpebral lobes are centred anterior to the mid-length of the glabella. The undifferentiated preglabellar area is gently convex (sag.), anteriorly rounded, narrower (tr.) than the interocular width (tr.). Posterolateral limbs are long (tr.), blade-like, and bear wide (exsag.) posterior border furrows. The associated librigena has effaced border furrows, and a long and stout genal spine. The pygidium is unknown. The illustrated material is essentially the same as that of the type species, Shirakiella elongata Kobayashi, but is more complete (see Kobayashi 1935, pl. 7, figs 7-13). The librigena of the Korean species differs in apparently possessing lateral border furrows, hence the confer in the present determination. The structure of the preglabellar area and advanced palpebral lobes in all of the shirakiellid genera listed above, with the exception of Taishania, resembles the condition shown by the North American genus Croixana Nelson, 1951, which can only be distinguished by its more prominent glabellar furrows. Croixana is undisputedly related to parabolinoidid genera such as Taenicephalus (see Westrop 1986), but could Shirakiella, Neoshirakiella and Langyashania be demonstrated to be even more severely effaced versions of parabolinoidid genera, then Shirakiellidae Kobayashi, 1935 would assume priority over Parabolinoididae Lochman, 1956.

Fig. 17. Shirakiella sp. cf. S. endoi Chu, 1965; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33983b from CG245/7, X 4; B, C, cranidium, CPC 33983a from CG245/7, X 2, B. dorsal view, C, anterior view.

Furongian, Iverian, within the base of Öpik’s (1969) Faunal Unit VIII. Formerly, an associated species, considered by Öpik (1969) to represent an aphelaspidine trilobite, was attributed an Idamean age (Unit VI) (see discussion in biostratigraphic section). Remarks. The relatively short (sag.), wide (tr.), truncato-conical glabella with two pairs of furrows; small, anteriorly situated palpebral lobes situated relatively close to the anterolateral corners of the glabella; undifferentiated preglabellar area; and extensive (tr.), posterolaterally directed posterolateral limbs, strongly suggest classification with cranidia from Liaoning illustrated by Endo (in Endo & Resser 1937, pl. 69, figs 1-4, 7-12) as Mansuyella tokunagai (Kobayashi). This species was originally described as Coosia tokunagai by Kobayashi (1931, p. 180, pl. 20, figs 4, 6), subsequently referred to Mansuyella by Endo (in Endo & Resser 1937, p. 344-345), and eventually to Shirakiella by Chu (in Lu et al. 1965, p. 191, figs 3-9). Family INCERTAE SEDIS

Shirakiella sp. cf. S. endoi Chu, 1965 (Fig. 17)

Genus et species undetermined (Fig. 18)

cf. 1937 Mansuyella tokunagai (Kobayashi); Endo in Endo & Resser, p. 354, pl. 69, figs 1-12. cf. 1965 Shirakiella endoi Chu; Chu in Lu et al., p. 191, pl. 33, figs 3-9.

1969 “trilobite referrable to the Aphelaspidinae”, Öpik in Kaulback & Veevers, p. 75.

Material. Two cranidia, one with external counterpart, 8 and 8.8 mm long (Lc), respectively. CPC 33983a-b is illustrated. Occurrence. Confined to basal Clark Sandstone collection CG245/7, on section CG245, SE of Clark Jump Up. Age. The age connotation of this material is

Material. Ten cranidia with lengths (Lc) between 4.1-6.7 mm, and two librigenae. Figured material comprises CPC 33984-33985. Occurrence. Basal Clark Sandstone collection CG245/7 on section CG245, and possibly JSK322, in a fault zone on section CG226. Remarks. The cranidia are characterised by a subrectangular, anteriorly very gently tapering and truncate glabella with weakly developed glabellar furrows. The preglabellar field is gently convex

40

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 19. Wuhuia? species undetermined; cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34183 from CG236/14B, X 4. Fig. 18. Family, Genus et species undetermined, both X 4; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33984 from CG245/7, X 5; B, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33985 from CG245/7, X 5.

(1905, p. 90 nom. nud., =Conocephalina belus (Walcott); Walcott, 1913, p. 138, pl. 13, figs 12, 12a), Fengshanian, Tsinania Zone, Fengshan Formation, Jinan, Shandong, China.

(sag.), and there is a well defined anterior cranidial border furrow and anterior cranidial border (sag., exsag.). The palpebral lobes appear to have been moderately long (exsag.) and situated at about the mid-length of the glabella. All of the material is incomplete and very poorly preserved and impossible to determine even at familial level. Öpik (in Kaulback & Veevers 1969, p. 75) considered these specimens to be representative of Aphelaspidinae, but the preglabellar field is rather narrow (tr.) for the typical Aphelaspis. When better material becomes available it may be possible to suggest classification among the larger eyed parabolinoidids, but currently more information on the palpebral morphology is required. On the strength of his determination, Öpik (op. cit.) proposed a Faunal Unit VI in the Bonaparte Basin, of Idamean age. This encouraged Kaulback & Veevers (1969, fig. 9) to suggest a diachronous relationship between the Clark and Pretlove Sandstones. However, as explained above, collection CG245/7 contains a second trilobite, here referred to Shirakiella sp. cf. S. endoi Chu, 1965. If this is correctly determined, then sample CG2456/7 post-dates the Idamean. Its correct stratigraphic position on section CG245 (Fig. 5), assuming no faulting, is at the base of the Clark Sandstone (Kaulback & Veevers 1969, fig. 9), early within Faunal Unit VIII, just post-dating the occurrence of Peichiashania cf. P. planilimbata. The Idamean Stage in the Bonaparte Basin, as in the central Australian Amadeus Basin, contains no age diagnostic fossils, although this time interval is represented by the Pretlove Sandstone lying between the late Mindyallan Skewthorpe Formation and the Iverian Clark Sandstone.

Other species. See Shergold (1975, p. 105), Peng (1992, p. 46) and Wright et al. (1994).

Superfamily INCERTAE SEDIS Family DOKIMOCEPHALIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 Subfamily WUHUIINAE Shergold, 1980 Wuhuia Kobayashi, 1933b

Leiostegium (Leiostegium) Raymond, 1913 sensu Walcott, 1925 [=Leiostegium (Manitouella) Berg & Ross, 1959; =Leiostegium (Alloleiostegium) Zhou & Zhang, 1978; =Leiostegium (Euleiostegium) Zhou & Zhang, 1978; =Pseudoleiostegium Qian, 1986]

Type species. Solenopleura belus Walcott

Type species. Bathyurus quadratus Billings (1860,

Wuhuia? species undetermined (Fig. 19) Material. A single incomplete cranidium, CPC 34183. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collection CG236/14B on section CG236, Onslow Hills. Age. Late Cambrian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. This specimen is referred to Wuhuia on account of its glabellar shape, structure of the preglabellar area, and size and position of the palpebral lobes, all of which are somewhat similar to Wuhuia dryope (Walcott, 1905) (see Walcott 1913, pl. 13, fig. 11), from Jinan, Shandong, China. The Australian specimen, possibly has a relatively shorter (sag.) glabella and longer (sag.) preglabellar area, and additionally, a less sharply incised anterior cranidial border furrow. There is insufficient material for the accurate confirmation of this determination, hence the added confer. Material previously referred to Wuhuia from the Chatsworth Limestone, Georgina Basin, western Queensland, has a decidedly longer (sag.) and proportionately narrower (tr.) glabella (Shergold 1975, p. 106, pl. 52, figs 8-9). Superfamily LEIOSTEGIOIDEA Bradley, 1925 Family LEIOSTEGIIDAE Bradley, 1925 Leiostegium Raymond, 1913 sensu Walcott, 1925

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) p. 321, fig. 27), Lévis Conglomerate, Quebec, Canada, designated Raymond (1913, p. 68). However, the concept of Leiostegium used here is that of Walcott (1925) and is based on Leiostegium manitouensis Walcott (1925, p. 104, pl. 23, figs 12-19) from British Columbia. Other species. Since Shergold (1975, pp. 167-168), the following species have been described: Leiostegium (Alloleiostegium) punctatum Zhou & Zhang (1978, p. 13, pl. 2, figs 1-8), Onychopyge-Leiostegium (Alloleiostegium) Zone, Yehli Formation, Tangshan, Hebei, China. Leiostegium (Euleiostegium) latilimbatum Zhou & Zhang (1978, pp. 14-15, pl. 3, figs 1-12), L. (Euleiostegium)-Aristokainella Zone, as above. Leiostegium (Euleiostegium) planilimbatum Kuo & Duan (in Kuo et al., 1982, pp. 15-16, pl. 2, figs 8-10), Richardsonella (Richardsonella)Troedssonia Zone, Yehli Formation, Hunjiang, Jilin, China. Leiostegium (E.) dayangchaensis Kuo & Duan (in Kuo et al., 1982, p. 16, pl. 2, figs 11-12), as above. Leiostegium (Alloleiostegium) granum Kuo & An (in Kuo et al., 1982, p. 16, pl. 1, figs 9-10), as above. Leiostegium (Leiostegium) planum Peng (1983, p. 51, pl. 2, fig. 4; 1984, pp. 343-344, pl. 10, figs 1-2), L. (L.) constrictum-Shenjiawania brevica A.-Z., Shenjiawan, Cili, NW Hunan, China. Leiostegium (L.) constrictum (Peng, 1983, p. 51, pl. 2, figs 5-6; 1984, pp. 342-343, pl. 10, figs 3-7, 8a), same zone, Waergang and Shenjiawan, NW Hunan, China. Leiostegium douglasi Harrington, 1937 (Jell 1985, pp. 63-64, pl. 22, figs 1-10), Digger Island Formation, Digger Island, Victoria, Australia and Parabolina frequens argentina Zone, Cardonal Formation, Jujuy, Argentina (Tortello et al. 1999, p. 562). Leiostegium sp. cf. L. manitouensis Walcott, 1925 (Jell 1985, p. 64, pl. 22, figs 11-12), as above. Leiostegium precordilleranus Vaccari (2001, p. 340), Late Tremadoc-Early Arenig, San Juan Formation, San Juan, Argentina. Leiostegium (Leiostegium) latilum Qian (in Chen et al., 1985, p. 79, pl. 15, figs 1-4), RichardsonellaPlatypeltoides A.-Z., Yehli Formation, Hunjiang, Jilin, China. Pseudoleiostegium striatum Qian (in Chen, 1986, pp. 271-272, pl. 70, figs 1-3, 6-7, 10), Alloleiostegium latilum-Missisquoia perpetis A.Subzone, as above. Leiostegium (Alloleiostegium) temenus Duan & An (in Duan et al., 1986, pp. 39-40, pl. 5, figs 14-17), RichardsonellaTroedssonia Zone, Yehli Formation, Hunjiang, Jilin, China. Leiostegium? sp., Duan et al. (1986, pp. 40-41, pl. 8, fig. 8), Mictosaukia-Fatocephalus Zone, Hunjiang, Jilin, China. Leiostegium (Leiostegium) sp., Lu & Zhou (1990, p. 31, pl. 9, figs 7-8, 9a; pl. 15, fig. 11a) Guotang Formation, Puan, Sandu, Guizhou, China. Leiostegium sp.

41

(Choi et al. 2003, fig. 5), Tremadoc, Mungok Formation, Yongwol, Korea. Leiostegium aff. formosum Hintze, 1953 (Lee & Chatterton 2003, p. 436), Tesselacauda Zone, Garden City Formation, Idaho, USA. Remarks. No fewer than seven subgenera have been proposed for Leiostegium. These are based on the following combination of characteristics: shape of the glabella and its degree of effacement; size and position of the glabellar lobes; extent and orientation of the anterior cranidial border; presence or absence of a pygidial border furrow; degree of effacement of the pleural and axial furrows; and the presence or absence of pygidial spines. The last characteristic serves to separate Leiostegium (Perischodory) Raymond, 1937, L. (Evansaspis) Kobayashi, 1955 and L. (Jinanaspis) Zhou & Zhang, all of which possess a pair of pygidial spines, but issuing from different sites on the border - anterolaterally in the first, posterolaterally in the last two. Jinanaspis, however, is very different cranidially to Evansaspis (see Zhou & Zhang 1985, pl. 9, figs 1-5). Leiostegium (Leiostegium) Raymond, 1913 sensu Walcott, 1925, L. (Manitouella) Berg & Ross, 1959, L. (Alloleiostegium) Zhou & Zhang, 1978, L. (Euleiostegium) Zhou & Zhang, 1978 and the genus Pseudoleiostegium Qian, 1986 show a bewildering intergradation of the characteristics listed above, as acknowledged by Zhou & Zhang (1985, p. 82) in their synonymising of Alloleiostegium and Leiostegium. Such morphological overlap is also demonstrated in other Leiostegioidea, e.g., Pagodia and Chuangia. It is proposed here to unite the above listed subgenera under Leiostegium (Leiostegium), and to synonymise Pseudoleiostegium. Two successive species of L. (Leiostegium) occur in the Pander Greensand of the Bonaparte Basin. Neither has a well defined pygidial border so might previously have been classified as L. (Manitouella) or L. (Alloleiostegium). They have been left under open nomenclature, being referred to undetermined species 1 and 2. Leiostegium (Leiostegium) species undetermined 1 (Fig. 20) Material. Eleven cranidia, ranging in length (Lc) between 6.6-15 mm; six librigenae; and seventeen pygidia, ranging in length (Lp1) between 9.5-19.1 mm. Illustrated specimens comprise CPC 33986-33994. Occurrence. Pander Greensand collections JSK249, JSK250 and JSK257 and CG231/K1 on section CG231 at Clark Jump Up; JSK264 on

42

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 20. Leiostegium (Leiostegium) species undetermined 1; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33986 from K249/8, X 2; B, E, cranidium, CPC 33987 from CG231/K1, X 2; B, dorsal view; E, lateral view; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33989 from K249/22, X 3; D, damaged cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33988 from K249/25, X 3; F, left librigena, dorsal view, CPC 33990 from K249/16, X 2; G, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33993 from K249/23, X 2; H, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33992b from K249/2, X 2; I, right librigena, dorsal view, CPC 33991 from K250/5, X 3; J, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33992a from K249/19, X 1.5; K, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33994 from K249/20, X 2.

section CG249 NE of section CG231. Age. Terminal Cambrian, latest Datsonian, immediately pre-dating the Cordylodus lindstromi Zone based on Nicoll’s (1990, p. 558) redetermination of Jones’ (1971, pl. 2, fig. 4) C. lindstromi (Faunal Unit XII of Öpik 1965, 1969). Description. The cranidium is characterised by a subrectangular glabella only gently tapering anteriorly, which lacks furrows. Anteriorly, the frontal lobe is bluntly rounded, and only marginally extending forwards in front of the

preocular areas. Laterally, some specimens have a gentle constriction anterior to the mid-point of the glabella. A variably faint occipital furrow separates the glabella from a relatively evenly narrow (sag., exsag.) occipital ring which is as wide (tr.) as the preoccipital glabellar width (tr.). The anterior cranidial border is evenly curved, of even width (sag., exsag.), and flat. Palpebral lobes are gently convex (tr.), wide (tr.), lacking ocular ridges. The posterolateral limbs are short (tr.), triangular, and the posterior cranidial border furrow is shallow. The librigena bears a vaguely depressed lateral border furrow and a narrow, wire-like border.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

43

Fig. 21. Leiostegium (Leiostegium) species undetermined 2; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 33996 from CG249/11, X 2; B, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33999 from K252/1A, X 3; C, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34000 from CG231/K3, X 2; D-E, cranidium, CPC 33995 from K252/7, X 2, D, dorsal view; E, lateral view; F, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33997 from CG249/11, X 3; G, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 33998 from CG231/ K4, X 2.

Posterior and lateral border furrows do not meet at the genal angle. A long, stout genal spine is present. The pygidium is semicircular, convex (tr.), with entire margins. The axis is long (sag.), reaching almost to the posterior border, and composed of up to six axial rings and a long, unsegmented posterior portion. Three pairs of pleural furrows are defined. There is no posterior border furrow. On many specimens there is an apparent deepening of the axial furrows at the point where the axial rings can no longer be defined. Remarks. It might be expected that Leiostegium (Leiostegium) sp. undet. 1 would have readily comparable relationships with material from NE China in particular, but comparisons are not easy to draw. This is largely because of preservation and poor illustration. The cranidium especially can be compared with that of Leiostegium (Manitouella) ulrichi Berg & Ross (1959, pp. 115-116, pl. 21, figs 1, 6) from the Manitou Formation of Colorado. American pygidia are much more triangular and have in excess of eleven axial rings whereas the pleurae are unfurrowed. Neither taxa possess pygidial border furrows. Leiostegium (Leiostegium) species undetermined 2 (Fig. 21) Material. Six cranidia measuring 7.75-14.2 mm in length (Lc); one librigena; and nine pygidia with length (Lp1) between 4.6-18.6 mm. Specimens CPC 33995-34000 are illustrated.

Occurrence. Pander Greensand collections JSK252, JSK268, CG231/K2, CG231/K3, CG231/K4 on section CG231 at Clark Jump Up; and CG249/10 and CG249/11 immediately NE of section CG231. Age. Early Ordovician, early Warendan, Cordylodus lindstromi Zone (Faunal Unit XII of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. In many respects this species is so similar to Leiostegium (Leiostegium) sp. undet. 1 in degree of effacement, proportions and convexity that it is not described again in detail. A combination of diagnostic characteristics include a markedly laterally constricted glabella just in advance of its mid-length, a marginally wider (tr.) occipital lobe, and narrower (tr.) palpebral areas. The glabella possibly extends further anteriorly with respect to the preoccular areas, and the anterior cranidial border is flat, flanked in one example by a wire-like rim but no obvious border furrow. Mistaken for one on some specimens is the impression of the edge of the doublure. The laterally constricted glabella and narrow (tr.) palpebral areas are characteristics shared with Leiostegium (L.) constrictum Peng (1983, p. 51, pl. 2, figs 5-6; 1984, pp. 342-343, pl. 10, figs 3-7, 8a), but better material is required for more definitive comparison. Peng’s material displays two differently orientated anterior border configurations. It appears to be rolled back on one specimen (Peng 1984, pl. 10, fig. 3) resembling the cranidium referred by Lu & Zhou (1990, pl. 9, figs 5-6) to L. (L.) punctatum

44

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Oreadella as a subgenus of Pagodia on the grounds that pygidia of P. buda, the designated type species of Pagodia (Oreadella), differ from those of P. lotos Walcott, 1905, the designated type species of Pagodia (Pagodia), only by having a shorter (sag.) axis. Shergold (1975, p. 172) indicated that P. (Pagodia) has a circumpygidial depressed border while P. (Oreadella) either lacks a border altogether or has an extremely narrow one laterally. The present material conforms with the originally published concept of Pagodia (Oreadella). Pagodia (Oreadella) species undetermined (Fig. 22)

Fig. 22. Pagodia (Oreadella) species undetermined, both X 6; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34001 from K241/2A; B, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34002 from K241/5A.

(Zhou & Zhang). Specimens such as these are beginning to converge on morphologies more typical of Szechuanella Chang & Fan, 1960 and Paraszechuanella Liu, 1977 (see Peng 1990a). The only pygidium in Peng’s paradigm is damaged and the presence or absence of a pygidial border furrow cannot be ascertained, but the text suggests that one is present. Subfamily PAGODIINAE Kobayashi, 1935 Pagodia Walcott, 1905 Type species. Pagodia lotos Walcott (1905, p. 64), Tsinania Zone, Fengshan Formation, W of Jinan, Shandong, China. Pagodia (Oreadella) Shergold, 1975 Type species. Pagodia buda Resser & Endo (in Kobayashi, 1933b, p. 112, pl. 11, fig. 11), Fengshan Formation, Baishan, Jinjiachengzi, Liaoning, China. Other species. See Shergold (1975, p. 171), but omit Pagodia thaiensis Kobayashi, 1957, which is referred to Parakoldinioidia Endo (in Endo & Resser, 1937) by Shergold et al. (1988). Some of the listed species, e.g., P. bia Walcott, 1905 and P. dolon Walcott, 1905 have been reillustrated by Zhang & Jell (1987, pl. 94) and their affinity with Pagodia (Oreadella) is confirmed. Pagodia (Oreadella) sp. has been described by Peng (1992, p. 73, fig. 42F-H) from the Shergoldia-Ivshinaspis Subzone of the Lotagnostus (L.) punctatusHedinaspis regalis Zone of NW Hunan, China. Remarks. Zhang & Jell (1987) do not accept

Material. A single cranidium, CPC 34001, with estimated length (Lc) of 4.3 mm; and a single pygidium, CPC 34002, with estimated length (Lp2) of 3.6 mm. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collection JSK241 on section CG231 at Clark Jump Up. Age. Late Cambrian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik I965, 1969). Remarks. The material is insufficient for detailed description and comparison. The glabella, with its lateral constriction and appropriately sited palpebral lobes, and the pygidium with possibly four segments and lacking a border, essentially reproduce the diagnostic characteristics of Pagodia (Oreadella) buda Resser & Endo (in Kobayashi, 1933b) from Liaoning, China and P. (O.) cf. buda (Resser & Endo, 1937) sensu Shergold (1975, pp. 172-173, pl. 36, figs 1-2) from western Queensland, Australia. Family KAOLISHANIIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 R e m a r k s . F o l l o w i n g S h e rg o l d ( 1 9 7 2 ) , Kaolishaniidae is considered to comprise the subfamilies Kaolishaniinae Kobayashi, 1935, Mansuyiinae Hupé, 1955 sensu Shergold, 1972, and Tingocephalinae Hupé, 1955. Subfamily KAOLISHANIINAE Kobayashi, 1935 Remarks. The subfamily is presently considered to contain the genera Kaolishania Sun, 1924, Hemikaolishania Zhang (in Qiu et al., 1983) and Eokaolishania Wittke, 1984. The genus Parakaolishania Sun (in Sun & Xiang, 1979) is considered to be an effaced Kaolishania and is accordingly synonymised.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

45

Fig. 23. Kaolishania clarkensis sp. nov.; A, cranidium, holotype, dorsal view, CPC 34003 from K330/1C, X 3; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34004 from K282/5, X 3; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34005 from K297/3, X 4; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34007 from K297/5, X 4; E, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34006 from K282/4, X 3; F, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34010 from K282/1, X 4; G, right librigena, dorsal view, posterior to right, CPC 34008 from K281/2, X 4; H, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34011 from K282/6, X 3; I, librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34009 from K281/3, X 3; J, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34013 from K297/1, X 3; K, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34012 from K299/B, X 3.

Kaolishania Sun, 1924 [=Parakaolishania Sun, 1979] Type species. Kaolishania pustulosa Sun (1924, pp. 53-54, pl. 3, figs 8a-h), Changshanian, Kaolishania Zone, Changshan Formation, Kaolishan, Taian, Shandong, China. Other species. Species described up to 1970 are listed in Shergold (1972, p. 48). The following have been described since. Kaolishania sp. Liu (1977, p. 202, pl. 59, fig. 14), mid Late Cambrian, Linxian, Henan, China. Kaolishania megaspina Zhou (in Zhou et al., 1977, p. 201, pl. 60, fig. 17), Changshanian, Jingxi-xian, Guangxi, China.

Kaolishania sp. Zhou (in Zhou et al., 1977, p. 202, pl. 59, fig. 14), Changshanian, Jiaochang, Lin County, Henan, China. Kaolishania cylindrica Guo & Duan (1978, p. 454, pl. 3, figs 8-10), Changshanian, Changshan Formation, Laozhuanghu, Lingyuan, Liaoning, China. Kaolishania yunnanensis Sun (in Sun & Xiang, 1979, p. 7, pl. 1, figs 1-2), Changshanian, Kaolishania-Kaolishaniella assemblage, Baoshan, western Yunnan, China. Parakaolishania brevica Sun (in Sun & Xiang, 1979, p. 9, pl. 1, figs 4-9), Late Cambrian, Liushui Formation, Pupiaohuajiaosi, Baoshan, western Yunnan, China. Kaolishania yanshanensis Zhang & Wang (1985, p. 467, pl. 140, figs 5-6), Changshanian,

46

Changshan Formation, Pingquanyingshouyingzi, Hebei, China. Kaolishania dongyushanensis Zhang & Wang (1985, p. 467, pl. 140, figs 8-11), Changshanian, Changshan Formation, Dongyushan, Zhaozezhuang, Tangshan, Hebei, China. Kaolishania pingquanensis Zhang & Wang (1985, p. 467, pl. 140, fig. 7), Changshanian, Changshan Formation, Hebei, China. Kaolishania laevigata Qian (1994, p. 121, pl. 27, fig. 12), Changshanian, Kaolishania Zone, Yantai, Liaoning, China. Kaolishania clarkensis sp. nov. (Fig. 23) Etymology. A reference to a large proportion of the material coming from the Clark Sandstone near Clark Jump Up. Types. Holotype, cranidium, CPC 34003, Fig. 23A; paratypes, CPC 34004-34013. Material. Eleven cranidia measuring (Lc) between 5.5-10.7 mm; two librigenae; and eleven pygidia with lengths (Lp2) between 4.7-10.1 mm. Specimens CPC 34003-34013 are illustrated. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK281, JSK282 and JSK283 on section CG249E, east of Clark Jump Up; JSK289 and JSK291 on section CG245, SE of Clark Jump Up; JSK297 and JSK299 on section CG202, Butterfly Ridge; and JSK330 on section CG274, at Mount Rob. Age. Furongian, late Iverian (Faunal Unit IX of Öpik 1965, 1969). Diagnosis. A species of Kaolishania with mostly effaced glabellar furrows; wide (sag.) preglabellar cum anterior border furrow; sagittally angled and slightly thickened, gently reflected anterior cranidial border; palpebral lobes placed to the rear of the mid-point of the glabella; and genal and pygidial spines outwardly directed. Description. The cranidium is anteriorly gently pointed and the anterior border furrow slightly thickened (sag.). The glabella is conical, tapering slightly forward and acutely rounded anteriorly. Preoccipital furrows are weakly defined on some specimens. The occipital ring is relatively narrow

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) (sag.), separated from the glabella by a weakly defined occipital furrow. There is no preglabellar field, but a sagittally widened anterior cranidial border furrow is characteristic. The palpebral lobes are relatively posteriorly situated, mostly behind the glabellar mid-point, and are separated from the axial furrows by palpebral areas approximately equal in width (tr.) to the length (exsag.) of the palpebral lobes. The preocular facial sutures enclose preocular areas which extend anteriorly slightly further than the front of the glabella so that the anterior cranidial border furrow is narrower (exsag.) in front of them than in front of the glabella. The postocular facial sutures enclose long (tr.), relatively narrow-based, triangular posterolateral limbs. The librigena is characteristically narrow and possesses narrow borders and border furrows which meet at the genal angle. The genal spine is delicate and advanced, and in life would have been oriented laterally and posteriorly. The pygidium is also characterised by a pair of posterolaterally directed spines derived from the opisthopleuron of the first pleural segment, particularly in small specimens. Three pairs of pleural furrows are generally developed, but interpleural furrows are effaced.Those behind the first pair terminate at a distinct, narrow border which laterally runs into the pygidial spine base. The axis is clearly defined, contains five rings, and a composite bluntly rounded terminal piece which extends the axis to the posterior pygidial border furrow. Remarks. Amongst species of Kaolishania, K. clarkensis sp. nov. can only be compared in terms of glabellar effacement with K. brevica (Sun, 1979), the designated type species of the synonymised Parakaolishania. Although K. brevica is unfortunately badly deformed, it also appears to have posterolaterally oriented pygidial spines, but there are only four axial rings. All other species of Kaolishania can be distinguished by their pustulose or granulose prosopon, and generally, possession of well defined glabellar furrows. Species mostly also differ on the orientation of the pygidial spines, number of axial rings, and size and position of the palpebral lobes.

Fig. 24. Peichiashania sp. cf. P. planilimbata (Endo, 1937); A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34014 from AAP12/6, X 4; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34018 from K277/1, X 4; C, two cranidia, dorsal view, CPC 34020 (larger) and CPC 34021 (smaller) from CG245/9, X 2; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34016 from AAP 12/2A, X 2; E, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34017 from AAP12/3, X 3; F, H-I, cranidium, CPC 34019 from K278/1, X 2, F, dorsal view; H, lateral view; I, anterior view; G, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34015 from K288/3, X 3; J, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34022 from CG245/10, X 2; (continued opposite)

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

47

K, hypostome, ventral view, CPC 34023 from CG245/9, X 6; L, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34026 from AAP12/1A, X 1.5; M, left librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34024 from K276/6, X 3; N, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34028 from K277/9, X 2; O, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34027 from K276/5, X 3; P, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34025 from AAP12/1B, X 2; Q, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34030 from K288/5A, X 3; R, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34029 from K288/5B, X 3.

48

Subfamily MANSUYIINAE Hupé, 1955 sensu Shergold, 1972 Remarks. Component genera currently include Mansuyia Sun, 1924, Mansuyites Shergold, 1972 [=Parapalacorona An & Duan, 1982], Hapsidocare Shergold, 1975, Peichiashania Chang, 1957 emend. Shergold, 1980, Taipakia Kobayashi, 1960b, Shidiania Luo, 1983 and Kaolishaniella Sun, 1935. Peichiashania Chang, 1957 emended Shergold, 1980 Type species. Eymekops rectangularis Endo (in Endo & Resser, 1937, p. 334, pl. 68, fig. 21), Changshanian, Changshan Formation, Paichiashan, Jinjiachengzi, Liaoning, China. Other species. See Peng (1992, p. 77). Peichiashania shuanmazhuangensis Zhang & Liu (1986, p. 13, pl. 1, figs 5-8), from Nei Monggol, is not congeneric. Remarks. Peng (1992, p. 77) has detailed the history and current concept of the genus Peichiashania. That followed here is based on original statements made by Shergold (1980, p. 71). Peichiashania sp. cf. P. planilimbata (Endo, 1937) (Fig. 24) cf. 1937 Paramansuyella planilimbata; Endo in Endo & Resser, p. 359, pl. 70, figs 16-19. 1969 Paramansuyella; Öpik in Kaulback & Veevers, p. 76. Material. Twenty cranidia with lengths (Lc) between 5-16.25 mm; six librigenae; one hypostome; and eight pygidia with lengths (Lp2) between 6.5-16 mm. Figured specimens comprise CPC 34014-34030. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK276, JSK277, JSK278 and JSK279 on section CG249E, east of Clark Jump Up; JSK288, CG245/9 and CG245/10 on section CG245, SE of Clark Jump Up; and AAP12, in the Onslow Hills. Age. Furongian, Iverian (Faunal Unit VIII of Öpik 1965, 1969). Description. Peichiashania sp. cf. P. planilimbata (Endo) is surprisingly well preserved in the lower Clark Sandstone, and is represented by all tagmata. The cranidium is characterised by a

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) subrectangular, anteriorly slightly tapering and obtusely rounded, glabella with effaced furrows. The occipital ring is as wide (tr.) as the preoccipital glabellar lobes, and the occipital furrow is shallow. Palpebral lobes are crescentic, half the length (exsag.) of the glabella, and situated opposite its mid-length; palpebral areas are as wide (tr.) as 70% of the length (exsag.) of the palpebral lobes. Faint ocular ridges are preserved on some specimens. The preocular facial sutures diverge gently forwards and enclose prominent preocular areas and a preglabellar area which lacks a preglabellar field. The preocular areas extend anteriorly to the same transverse level as the front of the glabella. A well defined anterior cranidial border furrow, widest sagittally, separates a flat lying border. Postocular facial sutures enclose long (tr.), blade-like posterolateral limbs which are non-bacculate. The posterior border furrow, however, widens significantly (exsag.) posterior to the palpebral lobe, perhaps indicating a swollen proximal posterolateral limb. The librigena has a wide (exsag.), flat lateral border, and a short (tr.) posterior border. Border furrows meet at the genal angle and, united, extend a short distance into the base of the genal spine which is short and stout. There is a well defined eye socle. The hypostome associated with other tagmata of Peichiashania is sagittally ovoid. It too has prominent borders, especially laterally. Anterolateral wings are short. The median body is prominent, but the posterior lobe is only weakly delineated by a shallow transverse furrow. Maculae are not prominent. Pygidia are typically mansuyiine with a pair of relatively slender posterolaterally directed spines drawn from the opisthopleuron of the first and propleuron of the second pleural segments, and well defined, continuous posterior and lateral borders. Five pairs of pleural furrows are defined, but interpleural furrows are effaced. The axis contains five rings, the posteriormost not well defined, and a terminal piece which reaches the posterior border furrow. Between the spine bases the pygidial bowl is shallow. Remarks. The Bonaparte material is not referred to any of the previously established Australian species of Peichiashania from the Georgina Basin (Shergold 1980) because of the absence of prominent bacculae, a feature it does share with the Chinese species P. planilimbata (Endo, 1937). Additionally, it may be further differentiated from Australian species by its slightly shorter (exsag.) palpebral lobes and more delicate pygidial architecture. However, as pygidial comparison cannot be made with P. planilimbata, the confer

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

49

Fig. 25. Mansuyia species undetermined; A, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34031 from K241/11, X 2; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34032b from K238/8, X 3; C, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34032a from K238/6, X 4; D, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34035 from K301/1, X 2; E, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34033 from K301/3, X 4; F, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34034 from K301/2, X 2.

is added to the present determination. Pygidia of P. cf. planilimbata can be compared to pygidia which Endo (1937, pp. 357-358, pl. 70, figs 14-15) referred to Paramansuyella puteata. This species occurs at the same locality in Liaoning Province as Peichiashania planilimbata. Peichiashania cf. planilimbata differs from the more recently described P. hunanensis Peng (1992, pp. 77-78, fig. 45A-H), from Hunan, also by the absence of bacculae. Peichiashania hunanensis also possesses glabellar furrows, is granulose, and has a broader pygidial border. Mansuyia Sun, 1924 Type species. Mansuyia orientalis (Grabau) Sun (fide Lu et al., 1965, p. 416); Sun (1924, pp. 50-52, pl. 3, figs 7f-h, non figs 7a-d, i-j), Fengshanian, Yehli Limestone, Liaoning, China. Other species. Composition and current concepts of Mansuyia follows Shergold (1972, 1975, 1991). Mansuyia species undetermined (Fig. 25) Material. Two cranidial fragments, one having an estimated length (Lc) of 11.2 mm; and three pygidia with estimated lengths (Lp2) between 7.9-12.2 mm. Figured specimens comprise CPC 34031-34035. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK238 and JSK241 on section CG231, Clark Jump Up;

and JSK301 on section 202, Butterfly Ridge. Age. Late Cambrian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. The available material is inadequate for detailed description. However, the cranidium has a short (sag.) preglabellar area, slightly anteriorly tapered, rectangular and anteriorly truncate glabella, with effaced furrows, and moderately long (exsag.) palpebral lobes situated across the mid-length of the glabella, moderately close to the axial furrows. The pygidial furrows, apart from the anteriormost pleural furrows, are effaced, as is a pygidial border furrow so that a border is undifferentiated. Pygidial axial furrows and rings, apart from the first, are also largely effaced. The bowl is relatively shallow, slightly triangular. This species is more severely effaced than the type species, Mansuyia orientalis, and in this characteristic, its pygidia more closely resemble M. hopeiensis Kobayashi (1960b, p. 364) which is based on M. orientalis Sun (pars) (Sun 1924, pl. 3, figs 7i-j; see Lu et al. 1965, p. 417, pl. 79, figs 14-15). The cranidium of M. hopeiensis is, however, unknown. The cranidium presented here most closely resembles the early holaspid cranidium of M. cf. orientalis Sun, from the Chatsworth Limestone of western Queensland, particularly in the dimensions of its preglabellar area and palpebral lobes (see Shergold 1975, p. 180, pl. 38, fig. 2). Late holaspides of this species have much longer (sag.) preglabellar areas and palpebral lobes. Pygidia are considerably

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

50

Fig. 26. Tsinania sp. cf. T. canens (Walcott, 1905); A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34036 from K241/4A, X 2; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34037 from K241/2B, X 4; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34038 from K241/1, X 2; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34039 from K243/4A, X 2; E, librigena, partial pygidium, thoracic segment, CPC 34040 from K244/1, X 1; F, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34043 from K248/1C, X 2; G, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34041 from K241/3, X 4; H, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34042 from K242/1, X 2; I, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34044 from K241/12, X 3.

less effaced. Material referred to M. sp. cf. M. orientalis Sun, from the Pacoota Sandstone of the Amadeus Basin, central Australia, has a much longer (sag.) preglabellar area and retains a pygidial border (Shergold 1991, pl. 2, figs 1-10).

Tsinania Walcott, 1914

Family TSINANIIDAE Kobayashi, 1933

Other species. See Zhang & Jell (1987, p. 195). Note that the list given in Shergold et al. (1988, p. 316) was in press at the time Zhang & Jell’s paper was published, and does not consider their recommendations. Species transferred from Tsinania to Shergoldia are listed by Shergold (1991, p. 31). The Antarctic tsinaniid described by Wright et al. (1984) also belongs to Shergoldia. On the other hand, Tsinania should include Tsinania sp. Peng (1992, p. 80, fig. 42A-B) from the Probilacunaspis nasalis-Peichiashania hunanensis Zone of NW Hunan, as well as the species from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, western

Remarks. The concepts of Tsinania and the Family Tsinaniidae have been extensively discussed elsewhere (Kobayashi 1952; Shergold 1975, 1991, in Shergold et al. 1988; Zhang & Jell 1987). Here the family is considered to comprise Tsinania Walcott, 1914, Dictyella Kobayashi, 1933b, Lonchopygella Xiang, 1979 and Shergoldia Zhang & Jell, 1987. Two tsinaniid genera occur in the Bonaparte Basin: Tsinania and Dictyella.

Type species. Illaenurus canens Walcott (1905, p. 96, nomen nudum; 1913, pp. 222-223, pl. 23, figs 3, 3a-c), Fengshanian, Tsinania Zone, Fengshan Formation, Jinan, Shandong, China.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Yunnan, described by Luo (1983) as Tsinania spectabilia and T. baoshanensis; those from Jiangsu described as T. depressa and T. obcalica by Zhang (in Qiu et al., 1983); and that from Tarutao Island, Thailand described as T. (T.) nomas by Shergold (in Shergold et al., 1988). Remarks. Walcott’s (1905, 1913) type material has been refigured in Zhang & Jell (1987, pl. 89, fig. 5; pl. 86, fig. 12; pl. 86, fig. 6 and pl. 87, fig. 3) alongside material described by Endo & Resser (1937) and Endo (1939). Tsinania sp. cf. T. canens (Walcott, 1905) (Fig. 26) Synonymy. See Zhang & Jell (1987, pp. 195-196). Material. Five cranidia with estimated lengths (Lc) between 8.7-18.8 mm; and nine pygidia with estimated lengths (Lp1) between 7.8-23 mm. Specimens CPC 34036-34044 are illustrated. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK241, JSK242, JSK243, JSK244 and JSK248, all on section CG231 at Clark Jump Up. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. This is a large, flat, transverse species of Tsinania with an anteriorly rounded cranidial profile and posteriorly rounded pygidium. Cranidial and pygidial furrows are totally effaced and, although there is no indication of a cranidial plectrum, a faint hint of a pygidial border is apparent on some specimens. Such is the level of effacement and general lack of convexity (tr., sag.), that little descriptive detail can be added. Most important is the transverse width of the preglabellar area which is the same as the interocular width (tr.). The palpebral lobes are moderately long (exsag.) and relatively posteriorly sited with respect to the mid-point of the cranidium. Posterolateral limbs are relatively short (tr.), narrow-based, and triangular. The pygidium is semicircular, wider (tr.) than long (sag.), and featureless. In its degree of effacement, the cranidium resembles that illustrated as T. ceres (Walcott) by Kobayashi (1933b, pl. 14, fig. 1) which species Zhang & Jell (1987, p. 195) synonymised with T. canens (Walcott). In general, the pygidium is more rounded than that of other species of Tsinania with the possible exception of specimens attributed by Resser & Endo (1937, pl. 56, figs 13-18) to Tsinania vulgaris, another species synonymised

51

with T. canens by Zhang & Jell (1987), and to that pygidium from South Korea identified as T. canens (Walcott) by Kobayashi (1935, pl. 5, fig. 20). Since it is possible to relate the present material to the type species, identification with T. canens is tentatively made rather than establishing a new taxon. Dictyella Kobayashi, 1933b Type species. Dictyella wuhuensis Kobayashi (1933b, pp. 140-141, pl. 15, fig. 17), Fengshanian, Tsinania Zone, Fengshan Formation, Paichiashan, Jinjiachengzi, Liaoning, China. Other species. Dictyella ozawai Kobayashi (1933b, p. 141, pl. 15, fig. 18), locality and occurrence as for the type species. Dictyella longispina Zhou (in Zhou et al., 1977, p. 186, pl. 55, figs 9-10), Late Cambrian, Jingxi County, Guangxi, China. Dictyella intermedia Zhang (in Qiu et al., 1983, p. 164, pl. 53, figs 13-14), Late Cambrian, Fengshan Formation, Suxian County, Anhui, China. Dictyella semielliptica Lin (in Qiu et al., 1983, p. 164, pl. 54, fig. 3), Late Cambrian, Fengshan Formation, Tongshan, Zhaishan, Jiangsu, China. Dictyella petila Zhang (in Qiu et al., 1983, p. 163, pl. 54, fig. 2), Late Cambrian, Fengshan Formation, Jiawang, Jiangsu, China. Dictyella manchurica (Kobayashi), Zhang (in Qiu et al., 1983, p. 164, pl. 54, fig. 1), Late Cambrian, Fengshan Formation, Liaoning and Jiawang, Jiangsu, China. Possible other species are: Dictyella(?) longicephalina Kobayashi (1933b, p. 142, pl. 14, figs 16-17), Fengshanian, Tsinania Zone, Paichiashan, Jinjiachengzu, Liaoning, China; and T. longa Kobayashi (1933b, p. 137, pl. 14, figs 20-21), age and occurrence as above. Remarks. Dictyella, as used here, comprises tsinaniid species characterised by a single spine drawn from the posterior pygidial margin. However, species with and without pygidial borders are known: that described below lacks borders. Lonchopygella also has a posterior pygidial spine, but in addition possesses a pair of anterolateral spines. Cranidia of Dictyella have traditionally been difficult to identify. If the material described here is rightly classified, they are essentially similar to those of Shergoldia and Lonchopygella in having a distinct anterior border. While all of the material has a markedly pointed pygidial termination, the preservation of a posterior spine is uncommon. Dictyella conica sp. nov. (Fig. 27) Etymology. L., conica, f., conical, referring to the

52

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 27. Dictyella conica sp. nov.; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34045 from AAP5/4, X 3; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34046 from K303/8B, X 4; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34047 from AAP5/8A, X 3; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34048 from CG202/4E, X 3; E, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34049 from K302/3, X 3; F, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34050 from K327/1A, X 2; G, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34051 from K303/16, X 2; H, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34055 from AAP5/9B, X 4; (continued opposite)

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) shape of the pygidium. Types. Holotype, spinose pygidium, CPC 34060, Fig. 27O; paratypes CPC 34045-34059, 34061-34063. Material. The studied material consists of sixteen cranidia with lengths (Lc) between 3.6-11.8 mm; and ten pygidia, with lengths to the end of the axis between 6.7-15.9 mm. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK238, JSK239, JSK240, JSK241, CG231/B1 and CG231/C2 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; JSK302, JSK303, AAP5 and CG202/4E on section CG202, Butterfly Ridge; and JSK327 on section CG275, at Gap Point. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Diagnosis. A species of Dictyella with a convex (tr.), conical pygidium, posteriorly acutely pointed or spinose. The cranidium is anteriorly bluntly pointed and bears a flat or gently reflected anterior cranidial border. Description. The cranidium is anteriorly bluntly pointed. Axial, glabellar and posterior border furrows are effaced. The glabella is slightly more convex (tr., sag.) than the surrounding palpebral and preocular areas. A distinct flat, or gently addorsally reflected anterior cranidial border is defined by a wide (sag., exsag.), but shallow, border furrow. There is no plectrum (despite Fig. 27E giving an appearance of a plectrum). Moderately long (exsag.), poorly defined palpebral lobes are situated about the mid-point of the glabella and some distance from the interpreted location of the axial furrows. A faint ocular ridge is present on one specimen (CPC 34049). Postocular posterolateral limbs are moderately extensive, triangular. A librigena specific to Dictyella conica has not been identified as distinct from other tsinaniid taxa. The pygidium is conical, and may have considerable transverse convexity. It has conspicuously rounded flanks drawn posteriorly into an acute point, and in one clear case (the holotype), a spine. Axial furrows, pleural furrows

53

and border furrows are all effaced, the axis being defined by a slighly greater convexity (tr.) than the pleural zones. Remarks. Cranidia resemble species of Shergoldia, but lack a preglabellar field and plectrum, and are essentially the same as cranidia of Lonchopygella, particularly L. megaspina Zhou (in Zhou et al., 1977, p. 186, pl. 55, fig. 11). Pygidia are more effaced than species of Lonchopygella whose type, L. mansuyi (Kobayashi, 1933b) (see Xiang in Sun & Xiang 1979, pp. 6-7, pl. 3, figs 1-9), is trispinose. The holotype spinose pygidium of Dictyella conica resembles closely D. ozawai Kobayashi (1933b). The not so obviously spinose, but nevertheless acutely pointed pygidia, resemble that described by Kobayashi (1933b) as Tsinania longa. Superfamily INCERTAE SEDIS Family PLETHOPELTIDAE Raymond, 1925 Plethopeltella Kobayashi, 1943 Type species. Plethopeltis resseri Kobayashi (1933a, p. 280, pl. 6, figs 6a, 6b), Fengshan Formation, Wanwankou, Liaoning, China. Other species. Plethopeltis shantungensis Lu (in Lu et al., 1957, p. 270, pl. 140, figs 18-19), Fengshanian, Fengshan Formation, Shandong. Plethopeltella sp. cf. P. shantungensis (Lu, 1957) (Fig. 28) cf. 1957 Plethopeltis shantungensis; Lu in Lu et al., p. 270, pl. 140, figs 18-19. cf. 1965 Plethopeltis shantungensis; Lu in Lu et al., p. 585, pl. 123, figs 9-10. 1969 “an asaphiscid which has been compared to Maryvillia” Öpik in Kaulback & Veevers, p. 76. Material. Five incomplete cranidia measuring between 8.8-20.6 mm in length (Lc). Illustrated are CPC 34064-34067. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK239 and CG231/B1 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up.

I, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34054 from K302/2, X 2; J, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34053 from K303/12C, X 4; K, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34052 from K303/7, X 4; L, pygidium at left, CPC 34056, cranidium at right, CPC 34057, posterolateral view, from K303/4, X 2.5; M, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34058 from K327/5B, X 4; N, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34059 from CG202/4E, X 4; O, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34060 from K238/1, X 1.5; P, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34061 from AAP5/12C, X 4; Q, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34062 from K327/2A, X 4; R, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC34063 from K241/4B, X 3.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

54

Fig. 28. Plethopeltella sp. cf. P. shantungensis (Lu, 1957); A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34064 from CG231/ B1, X 2; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34065 from CG231/B1, X 2; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34066 from CG231/B1, X 3.5; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34067 from CG231/B1, X 3.

Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. Kobayashi (1962, p. 68) is followed here in transferring Plethopeltis shantungensis Lu to Plethopeltella Kobayashi because it shares with the type species of that genus, Plethopeltella resseri (Kobayashi), a simple, undivided, gently convex (sag.) preglabellar area, effaced glabellar furrows and a simple, non-spinose, non-sagittally expanded, occipital ring. The difficulties involved with the classification of Plethopeltis, detailed by Ludvigsen & Westrop (1983) and reiterated by Westrop (1986), relate to high levels of morphological variation, particularly in the pygidium. Pygidia have yet to be identified in the Bonaparte sections. It is conceivable that the Australian material can eventually be accommodated in Plethopeltis when this and related genera have been thoroughly revised. The Bonaparte material is similar to cranidia previously referred to Plethometopus? from the Amadeus Basin of central Australia (Shergold 1991). The main difference between the collections is the absence of the pair of pits situated at the anterolateral corners of the glabella which characterises the Plethometopus? cranidia. Bonaparte material is compared most favourably to Lu’s species P. shantungensis. They have similar glabellar and preglabellar proportions, similar degree of effacement, similar structure and convexity of the preglabellar area and similar occipital rings. The position of the palpebral lobes, and shape of the posterolateral limbs, however, cannot be convincingly assessed on the Australian material. Superfamily et Family INCERTAE SEDIS Wanwanaspis Kobayashi, 1966 Type species. Kingstonia semicircularis Kobayashi (1933a, p. 278, pl. 6, figs 7-8), Fengshanian, Wanwankou Dolomite, Wanwankou, Liaoning,

Fig. 29. Wanwanaspis species undetermined; A-B, cranidium, CPC 34068 from CG231/B1, X 3, A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34069 from K303/11A, X 3; D, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34071 from K241/5B, X 4; E, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34070 from K241/9B, X 4.

China. Other species. See Kobayashi (1966, p. 264), Shergold (1975, p. 107) to whose lists should be added Wanwanaspis corna Zhang (in Qiu et al., 1983, p. 128, pl. 41, figs 5-6), Late Cambrian, Fengshan Formation, Jiawang, Jiangxi, China. Remarks. Material referred here to Wanwanaspis is totally effaced and impossible to adequately

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

55

evaluate. The uncertain familial assignment follows Shergold (1991, p. 36). Wanwanaspis species undetermined (Fig. 29) Material. Four cranidia with length (Lc) between 5.8-10.8 mm; and a single pygidium with a length (Lp1) of 4.75 mm. Specimens CPC 34068-34071 are illustrated. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK240, JSK241 and CG231/B1 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; and JSK303 on section CG202, at Butterfly Ridge. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. The material is inadequately preserved to warrant detailed description. All furrows, on both cranidium and pygidium, are effaced; there are no borders; and the glabella, occipital ring and pygidial axis are undefined. The extent of the occipital cranidial width (tr.) is marked on the posterior margin by a pair of small, transversely elongate notches. In the cranidium, the preglabellar area is inseparable from the glabella and has the same convexity (sag.) anteriorly. The anterior margin is evenly arched. The palpebral lobes are shallow arcs situated apparently opposite the mid-point of the glabella. The interocular width (tr.) is wider than that of the preglabellar area (tr.) since the preocular sections of the facial suture are directed very gently anterosagittally. The postocular facial sutures enclose a relatively short, triangular posterolateral limb. The pygidium is semicircular, convex (tr., sag.) and featureless. It is not possible to compare this species with any of those previously described from the carbonates of NE China and the Georgina Basin, western Queensland. Comparable, however, is the cranidium also described as Wanwanaspis sp. undet. from the Pacoota Sandstone of the Amadeus Basin, central Australia (Shergold 1991, pl. 1, figs 23-24) which is also preserved in sandstone. Superfamily DIKELOCEPHALOIDEA Miller, 1889 Family DIKELOCEPHALIDAE Miller, 1889 Hamashania Kobayashi, 1942a

Fig. 30. Hamashania species undetermined; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34168 from K241/10A, X 2; B, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34104 from K241/8, X 1.7.

definition of Hamashania and its species in detail and the reader is referred to that work. Hamashania species undetermined (Fig. 30) Material. One cranidium, CPC 34168, with estimated length (Lc) of 15 mm and one pygidium, CPC 34104, with estimated length (Lp2) of 19.2 mm. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collection JSK241 on section CG231 at Clark Jump Up. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. The pygidium illustrated here (Fig. 30B) is poorly preserved and was originally thought to belong to Pacootasaukia (see below) until Dr D.K. Choi (pers. comm., March 2007) pointed out that an assignment to Hamashania busiris (Walcott, 1905) was more likely, and that the illustrated cephalon was probably conspecific. The cranidium possesses long (exsag.), semicircular palpebral lobes which appear to contact the axial furrows both anteriorly and posteriorly; a subrectangular glabella bearing three pairs of furrows; well defined occipital ring, slightly wider (tr.) than the preoccipital glabellar lobes. The preglabellar area is oriented in the plane of the glabella but is incomplete, and the presence of an anterior cranidial border cannot be confirmed. The pygidium (Fig. 30B) is elongate and has a slender, posteriorly tapering axis, with at least seven axial rings; pleural fields on which seven clearly defined, narrow, strongly posteriorly directed pleural furrows are visible. The limited material available and its poor preservation do not allow for a specific determination.

Type species. Hamashania pulchera Kobayashi (1942a, p. 38, figs 1-4), Late Cambrian, Liaoning, China.

Family SAUKIIDAE Ulrich & Resser, 1930

Other species. Sohn & Choi (2005) discussed the

Type species. Dikelocephalus misa Hall (1863, p.

Prosaukia Ulrich & Resser, 1933

56

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 31. Prosaukia sp. cf. P. misa (Hall, 1863); A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34072 from CG202/4E, X 3; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34073 from CG202/4E, X 3; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34074 from K303/4E, X 3; D, left librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34079 from CG202/4E, X 2; E, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34075 fromCG202/4E, X 3; F, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34078 fromK303/9B, X 3; G, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34077 from CG202/4E, X 3; H, right librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34080 from K303/9B, X 0.75; I, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34076 from K303/3, X 3.

144, pl. 8, fig. 15; pl. 10, figs 4-5), Franconian, Ptychaspis Zone, Franconia Formation, Wisconsin, USA. Other species. Ulrich & Resser (1933) recognised four species groups of Prosaukia composed of 29 named and two unnamed species all occurring in the Upper Mississippi Valley. Raasch (1952) subsequently reduced this number to 12 species and subspecies, including the type with which P. resupinata Ulrich & Resser and P. concava Ulrich & Resser were synonymised (Raasch 1952). Bell et al. (1952) also placed P. halli Ulrich & Resser into synonymy with the type species. Other American species of Prosaukia have been reviewed by Raasch (1952) and Ludvigsen & Westrop (1983). Zhang & Jell (1987) and Shergold (1975) have discussed Chinese and Australian species respectively.

Remarks. The characteristic features of Prosaukia misa (Hall) have been discussed by Shergold (1975, p. 111) and Ludvigsen & Westrop (1983, pp. 29-30). Prosaukia sp. cf. P. misa (Hall, 1863) (Fig. 31) cf. 1933 Prosaukia misa (Hall); Ulrich & Resser, pp. 141-144, pl. 24, figs 1-9. cf. 1952 Prosaukia misa (Hall); Bell et al., p. 192, cum. syn. Material. Eight cranidia measuring between 8.6-12.4 mm in length (Lc); and two librigenae. Illustrated specimens comprise CPC 34072-34080. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK245 and JSK248 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; JSK327 on section CG275, at Gap Point; and

Fig. 32 (opposite). Prosaukia? pentecosti sp. nov.; A-B, cranidium, CPC 34081 from AAP5/11, X 2, A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34082 from K303/5, X 2; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34083 from CG202/4E, X 2; E, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34085 from AAP5/2, X 1; F, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34086 from AAP5/12A, X 2; G, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34084a from AAP5/13, X 2; H, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34087 from K303/9A, X 3; I, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34088 from AAP5/14, X 1; J, hypostome, ventral view, CPC 34092 from K303/17, X 2; K, left librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34090 from K327/11, X 1; L, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34094 from AAP5/1A, X 1; M, hypostome, ventral view, CPC 34091 from K303/8C, X 2; N, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34093 from AAP5/3, X 1; O, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34096 from AAP5/1C, X 2; P, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34098 from AAP5/18, X 2; Q, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34097 from CG202/4E, X 1.5; R, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34095 from K303/6, X 2.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

57

58

JSK303, AAP5 and CG202/4E on section CG202, at Butterfly Ridge. Age. Furongian, early Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Description. The cranidium of this species is characterised by a subrectangular glabella, very slightly tapering forwards and anteriorly truncate. Two pairs of gently posterosagittally directed glabellar furrows open into the axial furrows, but are unconnected across the sagittal line. A faint transverse anterolateral pair is occasionally preserved. The occipital ring is well defined and significantly wider (tr.) than the preoccipital glabellar lobes. The preglabellar area is divided into a transversely wide, gently convex (sag.) preglabellar field, separated by a sagittally fading anterior cranidial border furrow from a gently convex (sag.) anterior cranidial border which is almost as wide (tr.) as the preglabellar field. Palpebral lobes are crescentic, long (exsag.), extending from the rear of the glabella to slightly in advance of the median lateral glabellar furrows, and close to the axial furrows so that the palpebral areas are also isolated crescents. The posterolateral limb is long (tr.), thin (exsag.) and blade-like. Librigenae have evenly wide lateral and posterior borders, and sharply incised border furrows which meet at the genal angle. Genal spines are long, stout and posteriorly directed. Remarks. Cranidia of the Australian species are remarkably similar to those described from the Upper Mississippi Valley by Ulrich & Resser (1933, pl. 24, figs 1-3, 9-10), Bell et al. (1952, pl. 38, figs 1b, 1c) and Berg (1953, pl. 61, fig. 1). Glabellar shape, proportions, furrowing and the morphology of the preglabellar area and palpebral lobes are essentially similar. Unfortunately, there is no Australian pygidium yet identified for comparison. Asian species assigned to Prosaukia, reviewed by Zhang & Jell (1987), have considerably narrower (sag.) preglabellar fields and frequently sagittally connected preoccipital glabellar furrows. They most closely resemble species described by Shergold (1975) from the Chatsworth Limestone of western Queensland. Prosaukia? pentecosti sp. nov. (Fig. 32) 1969 “an affiliate of Prosaukia whose cranidia are some 3 cm long and are distinguished by very long (transversely) posterolateral limbs”, Öpik, p. 76.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Etymology. Named after John Pentecost, pioneer geologist and surveyor of the Ord district, and member of the 1881-82 Durack Expedition to the Kimberley region. Types. Holotype, cranidium, CPC 34081, Fig. 32A-B; illustrated paratypes, CPC 34082-34098. Material. Twenty two cranidia with lengths (Lc) between 11-22.8 mm; six librigenae; three hypostomes; and eight pygidia with lengths (Lp2) between 10-28.4 mm. Occurrence. Widespread in Clark Sandstone collections JSK239, JSK245, JSK246, JSK247 and JSK248? on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; JSK303, JSK304, AAP5 and CG202/4E, on section CG202, Butterfly Ridge; JSK327 on section CG275, at Gap Point; and JSK332 and JSK333 on section CG274, at Mount Rob. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Diagnosis. A saukiid species which lacks a preglabellar field, has long (tr.) posterolateral limbs, palpebral lobes centred about the midlength of the glabella; librigena with posterior border furrow running into the base of the genal spine, not connected to the lateral border furrow; and pygidium with four axial and five pleural segments the opisthopleura of which extend to the margin, lacking marginal spines and border. Description. This is a large trilobite with both cranidial and pygidial tagmata achieving lengths (sag.) close to 30 mm. The cranidium has an anteriorly truncate, subrectangular glabella, tapering only gently forwards. It is widest (tr.) at the preoccipital glabellar lobes. Two pairs of glabellar furrows are defined, posterosagittally directed and subparallel; the preoccipital furrows are sagittally continuous. The occipital lobe is marginally wider (tr.) than the preoccipital glabellar lobes, separated by a very slightly sinuous occipital furrow. Palpebral lobes are relatively small, arcuate, positioned opposite the glabellar mid-length between the two pairs of glabellar furrows. Palpebral areas are well defined. The preocular facial sutures diverge only slightly forwards and enclose a preglabellar area which lacks a preglabellar field and is characterised by a wide (sag.) preglabellar cum anterior cranidial border furrow and equally wide (sag.), flat lying anterior cranidial border. Postocular facial sutures enclose long (tr.), narrowly triangular posterolateral limbs bearing

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) well defined posterior border furrows. The librigena has an extensive genal field flanked by relatively narrow borders. The posterior border furrow runs into the base of the genal spine and is unconnected at the genal angle with the lateral furrow. The genal spine is long and posteriorly directed. Associated hypostomes are subrectangular and have a well defined anterior lobe which is poorly separated from the posterior lobe. Anterior wings are not expansively developed. The posterior border is narrow and lacks spines. The pygidium is semi-oval, wider (tr.) than long (sag.), and composed of four axial rings and five pleurae. Behind the fourth axial ring is a blunt terminal piece which is carried to the posterior margin by a post-axial ridge. The pleurae are divided by wide pleural furrows. Characteristically, the opisthopleuron of each segment cuts across the propleuron of the following segment. The propleuron of the first segment and the opisthopleura of all segments are posterolaterally orientated and reach the pygidial margins, as do the pleural furrows. A distinct border is not defined, being a mere hint of a concavity on the outer side of the geniculation. Remarks. The generic assignment of the species P? pentecosti is queried, because typically Prosaukia, based on P. misa (Hall), possesses a preglabellar field. However, some species referred to the genus by Ulrich & Resser (1933) apparently also do not, e.g., P. curvicostata (pl. 25, figs 1-7), P. subaequalis (pl. 26, figs 9-12) and P. brevisulcata (pl. 27, figs 10-11). These species, together with P? pentecosti sp. nov., resemble Asian species which have been referred to Saukiella Ulrich & Resser, 1933 (see Resser & Endo 1937; Kobayashi 1933; Lu et al. 1965). Shergold (in Shergold et al. 1988, p. 308) has briefly discussed these in relationship to the concept of Prosaukia? nema Shergold, 1975. Most North American species of Saukiella (see Ulrich & Resser 1933; Longacre 1970) have a very short (sag.) preglabellar field. The exception may be Saukiella fallax (Walcott) (see Longacre 1970, pl. 5, figs 1-3) which apparently lacks this structure. Other taxa without a preglabellar field include Prosaukia? absona Shergold (1975, p. 117, pl. 15, figs 1-4) from the Chatsworth Limestone of western Queensland, which has longer (exsag.) palpebral lobes and three pairs of sagittally discontinuous glabellar furrows. Similarly differing is Lichengia? tarutaoensis (Kobayashi, 1957) from peninsular Thailand as interpreted by Shergold et al. (1988, p. 309, fig. 5S-W). Prosaukia? nema Shergold (1975, pp. 113-114, pl. 15, fig. 7), also from western

59

Queensland, has been subsequently referred by Zhou (in Zhou et al. 1982, p. 257) to his genus Liquania. All of the above quoted genera morphologically overlap and require thorough re-examination. Lichengia Kobayashi, 1942b Type species. Lichengia onigawara Kobayashi (1942b, pp. 297-298, fig. 1), Fengshanian, Licheng Formation, Shangyaochen, Licheng, Shanxi, China [=Prosaukia brizo (Walcott) sensu Sun, 1935, pl. 43, pl. 4, fig. 23, non fig. 22; =Lichengia onigawara Kobayashi sensu Lu et al., 1965, p. 453, pl. 89, figs 1-2] . Other species. Possibly Saukiella tarutaoensis Kobayashi (1957, p. 378, pl. 5, fig. 12), Tarutao Formation, Tarutao Island, Thailand; and Prosaukia? absona Shergold (1975, pp. 117-118, pl. 15, figs 1-4), Payntonian, Neoagnostus quasibilobus-Shergoldia nomas A.-Z., Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland, Australia. Remarks. Shergold (in Shergold et al. 1988, p. 309) has discussed the concept and composition of Lichengia. He also suggested the inclusion of the saukiid fragments described by Ross (in Wright et al. 1984, figs A-D) from northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. However, figures B-C represent a non-saukiid trilobite and figures A and D probably represent a species of Mictosaukia Shergold, 1975. Lichengia? species undetermined (Fig. 33) Material. Three non-quantifiable cranidial fragments; and three non-quantifiable pygidial fragments. CPC 34099-34103 are illustrated. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK241, JSK246, CG231/B1 and CG231/C2 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. The cranidial fragments are tentatively referred to Lichengia because one at least has the anteriorly thickened anterior cranidial border which typifies the type species, L. onigawara Kobayashi. Other similarities include the possession of deep preoccipital glabellar furrows only weakly connected sagittally, and the relatively posterior position of the palpebral lobes. The Australian material, however, lacks the pear-shaped glabella of the type. The pygidia certainly resemble that originally

60

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 34. Pacootasaukia species undetermined; A, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34106 from AAP5/19, X 2; B, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34105 from AAP5/8B, X 3.

bisect the pleurae equally and most probably continued to an unbordered, non-spinose margin. One specimen shows a finely granulose prosopon (Fig. 33E). Pacootasaukia Sohn & Choi, 2005 Type species. Platysaukia jokliki Shergold (1991, p. 25-26, pl. 3, figs 1-22), Payntonian, Pacoota Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, Northern Territory. Other species. Platysaukia tomichi Shergold (1991, p. 26, pl. 4, figs 8-14, 24), age and occurrence as above. Remarks. Sohn & Choi (2005) have shown that Platysaukia is a junior subjective synonym of Hamashania Kobayashi and that Australian species assigned to the former genus by Shergold (1991) were not congeneric. They erected the genus Pacootasaukia for these Australian species, with P. jokliki as type species. Fig. 33. Lichengia? species undetermined; A, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34099 from K246/2, X 1.7; B, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34101 from K246/1, X 2; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34100 from CG231/C2, X 2; D, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34102 from K241/6, X 1.7; E, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34103 from CG231/C2, X 1.

described by Sun (1935) as Prosaukia brizo (Walcott), but subsequently (Xiang in Lu et al. 1965, p. 453, pl. 89, figs 1-2) united with Kobayashi’s (1942b) cranidium of Lichengia onigawara. The pygidia illustrated in Figure 33 are very large, originally subtrapezoidal, and characterised by a short (sag.) axis containing only three axial rings. The pleurae are swept strongly posterolaterally. The opisthopleuron of the first segment cuts across the propleuron of the second restricting it to a sliver. All pleural furrows

Pacootasaukia species undetermined (Fig. 34) Material. Two pygidia, CPC 34105-34106, with lengths (Lp2) between 9.6-14.5 mm. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK241 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; and AAP5 on section CG202, at Butterfly Ridge. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. The species is represented by transversely narrow, ovoid pygidia which have 7-8 axial rings decreasing regularly in width (tr.) rearwards, and eight pairs of broad pleural furrows. On internal moulds these are oriented posterolaterally and continue to the margins of the pygidium. The Bonaparte Basin pygidia are

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

61

Fig. 35. Eosaukia species undetermined; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34107 from K248/5B, X 3; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34108 from K238/2B, X 4; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34109 from K248/5A, X 4; D-E, cranidium, CPC 34111 from K241/10B, X 2, D, dorsal view, E, dorsolateral view; F, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34110 from K328/2A, X 3; G, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34113 from K246/3B, X 2; H, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34114 from K248/6A, X 5.5; I, left librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34112 from K239/1B, X 2; J, pygidium and partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34115 from K239/1C, X 3.

very much narrower than those of both P. jokliki and P. tomichi. Eosaukia Lu, 1954 Type species. Eosaukia latilimbata Lu (1954, pp. 145-146, pl. 1, figs 5-6), Fengshanian, Sandu Shale, Sandu, SE Guizhou, China. Other species. See Shergold (1991, p. 22), to which list should be added Eosaukia rectangula Lu & Zhou (1990, pp. 32-33, pl. 10, figs 4-10), Fengshanian, Mictosaukia guizhouensis A.-Z., Maotian Formation, Sandu Formation, Sandu, SE Guizhou, China. Remarks. The concept of Eosaukia followed here is that discussed at length by Shergold (1991). This essentially matches a small-eyed and occipitally spinose Mictosaukia-like cranidium with a small,

transversely triangular pygidium. Eosaukia species undetermined (Fig. 35) Material. Fifteen, mostly non-quantifiable, cranidia; one librigena; and four pygidia. Illustrated material comprises CPC 34107-34115. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK238JSK248 inclusive on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; JSK328 on section CG275, at Gap Point. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. The cranidium of this species is characterised by a subrectangular, anteriorly obtusely rounded glabella; convex (sag.) anterior cranidial border, separated from the glabella by

62

an anterior border furrow and from the preocular areas by its lateral continuations; relatively wide (tr.) palpebral and preocular areas; relatively short (exsag.) palpebral lobes situated opposite the mid-point of the glabella; and presence of a nuchal spine or node. The librigena has broad lateral and posterior borders with border furrows that do not unite at the genal angle; posterior border furrow alone continues into the genal spine base. The pygidium is short (sag.), transverse, triangular, containing three axial rings and three pleural segments each bisected equally by pleural furrows; effaced interpleural furrows on internal moulds, lacking a defined border; and nonspinose. All tagmata have a densely granulose prosopon. This combination of characteristics has been previously recorded in a taxon from Pacoota Sandstone Sequence 1, in the Amadeus Basin of central Australia referred by Shergold (1991) to Eosaukia sp. cf. E. walcotti (Mansuy, 1915). There is a strong possibility that the Amadeus and Bonaparte taxa are conspecific, but application of the name walcotti (Mansuy) should be reconsidered pending long due revision of the Vietnamese species. A second similar combination has been described (Shergold et al. 1988) from Tarutao Island, peninsular Thailand under the name “Eosaukia” baruvasi Kobayashi, 1957. Thai pygidia, however, have only two axial rings (Shergold et al. 1988, p. 310, fig. 4V-X). As originally described by Kobayashi, this taxon is composite, certainly containing elements of Lophosaukia as indicated by Shergold et al. (1988), and maybe also of Mictosaukia (Kobayashi 1957, pl. 5, figs 8-9). Eosaukia rectangula Lu & Zhou, 1990, from SE Guizhou, China, has a quite distinctive rectangular glabella, and a pair of pits lies at the confluence of the axial and preglabellar furrows (Lu & Zhou 1990, pl. 10, figs 4-10). Lophosaukia Shergold, 1972 Type species. Lophosaukia torquata Shergold (1972, pp. 62-64, pl. 18, figs 1-6), latest Iverian, Rhaptagnostus clarki maximus-R. papilio A.-Z., Gola Beds, Momedah Anticline, western Queensland, Australia. Other species. See Shergold (1975), Shergold et al. (1988) and Peng (1992). Lophosaukia? species undetermined (Fig. 36) 1969 “saukiid...distinguished by a long frontal spike”; Öpik in Kaulback & Veevers, p. 76.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 36. Lophosaukia? species undetermined; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34116 from K328/2B, X 3; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34117 from K243/2, X 2; C, right librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34119 from K260/12, X 3; D, right librigena, ventral view, CPC 34118 from K260/11, X 4.

Material. Two non-quantifiable, incomplete cranidia; and three librigenae may also belong to this taxon. Illustrated material comprises CPC 34116-34119. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK243 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; JSK260 on section CG249, NE of Clark Jump Up; and JSK328 on section CG275, at Gap Point. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. The material at hand is incomplete and could represent either Lophosaukia Shergold, 1972 or Linguisaukia Peng, 1984, but the massive anterior cranidial spike may eventually permit separation from both. It obviously represents a new species, but much more material is required to assess the palpebral morphology, and a positively identified pygidium is also necessary. Essentially, the spike distinguishes the Bonaparte material from all species of Lophosaukia, which generally are characterised by an angulate anterior cranidial border often drawn into a broad-based, adventrally directed spine, as in the species described from the Chatsworth Limestone,

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

63

Fig. 37. Ptychaspis sp. cf. P. asiaticus Resser & Endo, 1937; A-B, cranidium, CPC 34120 from AAP5/9A, X 3.5, A, dorsal view, B, lateral view; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34121 from K303/1A, X 2; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34124 from K302/5, X 2; E, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34123 from K302/1, X 3; F, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34122 from K303/12A, X 3.5.

western Queensland by Shergold (1972, 1975). In Linguisaukia, from Hunan and Guizhou, China, the spine is very much longer than in the typical Lophosaukia, and derived from an almost transverse, anterolaterally angulate, anterior cranidial border. A complementary occipital spine is also developed, and the palpebral lobes are shorter (exsag.), and more posteriorly sited than in Lophosaukia (see Linguisaukia spinata Peng, 1984, pp. 346-347, pl. 6, figs 4-8; Lu & Zhou 1990, pl. 12, figs 1-7). The spike of the new material is horizontally oriented and occupies virtually the whole of the anterior cranidial border. Neither of the two cranidia available has an occipital spine, and both have effaced glabellar furrows in advance of the preoccipital furrows which are united sagittally. Lophosaukioid librigenae occur in isolation at locality JSK260 and are characterised by needlelike genal spines. Whether or not they actually belong to the new species requires confirmation. They may represent Lophosaukia sensu stricto. Family PTYCHASPIDIDAE Raymond, 1924 Subfamily PTYCHASPIDINAE Raymond, 1924 Remarks. The concept of Ptychaspididae followed here is that advanced by Ludvigsen & Westrop (1986) and Westrop (1986). Ptychaspis Hall, 1863 [=Asioptychaspis Kobayashi, 1933b] Type species. Dikelocephalus miniscaensis Owen

(1852, p. 574, pl. 1, figs 3a-b, 12; pl. 1A, figs 4-5, fide Bell et al., 1952, p. 193), Franconian, Lone Rock Formation, Minnesota, USA. Other species. See Westrop (1986) and Zhang & Jell (1987). Remarks. North American species of Ptychaspis have been reviewed and re-illustrated by Westrop (1986, pp. 35-37, pls 7-9), while Asian material has been similarly treated by Zhang & Jell (1987, pp. 227-229, pls 111-113). Given the state of preservation of the Asian species revealed by Zhang & Jell (1987), it is still not possible to make a firm decision on the status of Asioptychaspis Kobayashi, 1933b variously regarded as a separate genus (Kobayashi 1933b, 1960b; Westrop 1986), a subgenus of Ptychaspis (e.g. Shergold, 1975), or a synonym of Ptychaspis (e.g. Lu in Lu et al. 1957; Xiang in Lu et al. 1965; Zhang & Jell 1987). Zhang & Jell are currently followed here. Ptychaspis sp. cf. P. asiaticus Resser & Endo, 1937 (Fig. 37) cf. 1937 “Ptychaspis” asiatica; Resser & Endo, p. 272-273, pl. 56, figs 4-7, 9, non fig. 8. cf.. 1960b Asioptychaspis asiatica (Resser & Endo); Kobayashi, p. 401. cf. 1965 Ptychaspis asiatica; Xiang in Lu et al., p. 425, pl. 81, figs 12-15. 1969 Ptychaspis; Öpik in Kaulback & Veevers, p. 76. cf. 1975 Ptychaspis (Asioptychaspis) asiatica; Shergold, p. 146.

64

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 38. Ptychaspis? sp. aff. P. cacus Walcott, 1905; A, D-E, cranidium, CPC 34125 from CG202/4C, X 2.7, A, dorsal view, D, anterior view, E, lateral view; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34128 from K303/2, X 2.7; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34126 from K247/D, X 3.5; F, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34130 from CG202/4E, X 1.7; G, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34131 from K303/10B, X 3.5; H, left librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34132 from K245/7, X 3.5; I, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34129 from K245/2, X 4; J, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34127 from K248/8A, X 3.5.

cf. 1987 Ptychaspis asiatica Resser & Endo; Zhang & Jell, p. 228, pl. 112, fig. 13, non fig. 12; pl. 113, figs 1-4. Material. Ten cranidia with quantifiable length (Lc) between 7-10.4 mm. Specimens CPC 34120-34124 are illustrated. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK301, JSK302, JSK303, AAP5 and CG202/4E, on section CG202, at Butterfly Ridge; JSK292 on section CG245, SE of Clark Jump Up; and JSK327 on section CG275, at Gap Point. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. Cranidia are characterised by an anteriorly expanded frontal glabellar lobe, and two pairs of transversely connected glabellar furrows. The frontal lobe is also extremely convex (sag.) and projects in front of steeply adventrally

sloping preglabellar and preocular areas which are barely seen in dorsal profile. The palpebral lobes are small, and anteriorly situated opposite the rear half of the frontal lobe, at some distance from the axial furrows. Posterolateral limbs are accordingly extensive, transversely convex, acutely angled posterolaterally, and bear distally deepened posterior border furrows. Few described species of Ptychaspis have an anteriorly expanded glabella. Most pronounced in this character is that of Ptychaspis asiatica Resser & Endo with which comparison is here made. The Chinese species appears to differ only in its narrower (tr.) palpebral areas, but is difficult to judge satisfactorily because of its preservation (Zhang & Jell, 1987 pl. 113, figs 1-4). Among North American species, Ptychaspis tuberosa Feniak (in Bell et al. 1952, pp. 193-194, pl. 36, figs 3a-d; pl. 37, fig. 1), from the Lone Rock Formation, Trempealeau, Wisconsin, is probably most similar with regard to its smaller palpebral lobes, wide palpebral areas,

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

65

Fig. 39. Quadraticephalus species undetermined; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34133 from K260/6, X 4; B, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34134 from K260/7, X 4; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34135 from K245/6, X 2; D, right librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34136 from K245/10, X 1.3.

extensive posterolateral limbs and preglabellar and preocular convexity (sag., exsag.). Its frontal lobe, however, is not so obviously expanded (see Bell et al. 1952, pl. 36, fig. 3a; Westrop 1986, pl. 8, fig. 14). Ptychaspis? sp. aff. P. cacus Walcott, 1905 (Fig. 38) aff. 1905 Ptychaspis cacus; Walcott, p. 69. aff. 1913 Ptychaspis cacus; Walcott, p. 181, pl. 17, figs 10-11. aff. 1965 (?) Saukia (?) cacus (Walcott); Xiang in Lu et al., p. 440-441, pl. 86, figs 6-7. 1969 “a form intermediate between a Saukia and a Ptychaspis”; Öpik in Kaulback & Veevers, p. 76. aff. 1987 Ptychaspis cacus Walcott; Zhang & Jell, p. 228-229, pl. 116, figs 6-9. Material. Twenty five cranidia with lengths (Lc) between 5.6-11.2 mm.; and three librigenae. Specimens CPC 34125-34132 are illustrated. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK240, JSK241, JSK245, JSK247 and CG231/B1 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; JSK303, AAP5, CG202/4C and CG202/4E on section CG202, at Butterfly Ridge. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. Zhang & Jell (1987, p. 229) quite positively refer the species cacus Walcott to Ptychaspis. Although they acknowledge that this species may be intermediate between Ptychaspididae and Saukiidae, they reject previous assignments (Kobayashi 1933b; Xiang in Lu et al. 1965) to Saukia. Certainly, the

strongly adventrally inclined preglabellar and preocular areas, anteriorly sited palpebral lobes, and relatively broadly triangular posterolateral limbs characterise Ptychaspis, and are shared with the Australian material presented here. However, there are differences in the size of the palpebral lobes, and structure of the preglabellar and preocular areas. Furthermore, the Australian species lacks the sagittally continuous median lateral glabellar furrows seen in the Chinese material from Shandong (Lu et al. 1965, pl. 86, figs 6-7; Zhang & Jell 1987, pl. 116, figs 6-8), exhibiting a Saukia-like glabella. Accordingly, although this species has affinity with P. cacus Walcott, unquestionable reference to Ptychaspis is here queried. Most likely, the Australian species represents a new taxon, but this is not diagnosed in the absence of a clearly defined pygidium. Quadraticephalus Sun, 1924 sensu lato Type species. Quadraticephalus walcotti Sun (1924, p. 63, pl. 4, figs 6a-d), Fengshanian, Tsinania Zone, Kaolishan Formation, Tianfu, Shandong, China. Other species. See Shergold (1975, 1991). Remarks. Relationships between the genera Quadraticephalus, Changia Sun, 1924, Fengshania Sun, 1935 and Coreanocephalus Kobayashi, 1935 have been discussed at length by Shergold (1975, 1991), Shergold et al. (1988) and Zhang & Jell (1987). The present material is insufficient in volume, and too poorly preserved to contribute further to the debate. Previously (Shergold 1991), Changia and Quadraticephalus were regarded as separate genera having been earlier synonymised by Zhang & Jell (1987). Here the genus is treated in a sensu lato manner because

66

of the restricted nature of the material. Quadraticephalus species undetermined (Fig. 39) Material. A small collection containing three cranidial fragments; and two librigenae. Specimens CPC 34133-34136 are illustrated. Occurrence. Clark Sandstone collections JSK241 and JSK245 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; JSK260, on section CG249, NE of Clark Jump Up; and at JSK328 on section CG275, at Gap Point. Age. Furongian, Payntonian (Faunal Unit X of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. The material is too incomplete to warrant detailed description, and may even represent two taxa. One specimen, CPC 34135 (Fig. 39C), appears to have the typically small (exsag.), anteriorly sited palpebral lobes and narrow (tr.) palpebral areas characteristic of Quadraticephalus (sensu stricto). It also has effaced glabellar furrows, and a poorly differentiated occipital ring. This specimen has a relatively short (sag.) preglabellar area. The other two cranidial fragments may have longer (exsag.) palpebral lobes, less anteriorly situated. They have longer preglabellar areas but are insufficiently complete for further analysis. Superfamily REMOPLEURIDOIDEA Hawle & Corda, 1847 Family KAINELLIDAE Ulrich & Resser, 1930 Apatokephalops Lu, 1975 [=Wanliangtingia Lu, 1975] Type species. Apatokephalops undulatus Lu (1975, p. 113, pl. 5, figs 1-5), Xinchangian, Apatokephalops [Wanliangtingia] lobata Zone, Panho Formation, Wanliangting, Nanchuan County Sichuan, China. Other species. Peng (1990a, p. 19) has synonymised Wanliangtingia Lu, 1975 with Apatokephalops Lu, 1975. Both, described in the same paper, are from the same section and zone in the Upper Panho Formation. Accordingly, several species previously placed in Wanliangtingia should be transferred to Apatokephalops. All are of Early Ordovician, Xinchangian, age. The genus now comprises: Wanliangtingia lobata Lu (1975, p. 117, pl. 5, figs 19-20), W. lobata Zone, Panho Formation, Nanchuan and Youyang, S and SE Sichuan. Wanliangtingia chuansiensis Lu (1975,

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) p. 117, pl. 5, fig. 21), W. lobata Zone, Lohanpo Formation, Loshan, W. Sichuan. Wanliangtingia (?) sp. A Lu (1975, p. 118, pl. 5, fig. 22); age and occurrence as above. Wanliangtingia (?) sp. B Lu (1975, p 118, pl. 5, fig. 23), same age, Panho Formation, Wanliangting, S. Sichuan. Wanliangtingia latilimbata Yin (in Yin & Li, 1978, p. 524, pl. 172, figs 18-19; in Yin et al. 1984, pl. 1, fig. 1; 1986, pl. 1, fig. 9), basal Tongzi Formation, Banqiao, Zunyi, Guizhou. Apatokephalops concavomarginatus Lu sensu Yin (in Yin & Li 1978, p. 521, pl. 172, fig. 1) and A. elongatus Yin (in Yin & Li, 1978, p. 521, pl. 172, fig. 7), both from Guizhou. Wanliangtingia transversa Duan & An (in Duan et al., 1986, pp. 69-70, pl. 19, figs 1-16), WanliangtingiaJiia Zone, Yehli Formation, Hunjiang, Jilin. Apatokephalops sp. indet. (Wright et al., 1994, p. 462, fig. 12H), Summit Limestone, Mt Patriarch, New Zealand. Wanliangtingia calvicepitis (Zhou & Zhang, 1978) sensu Duan et al. (1986, pp. 68-69, pl. 19 , figs 17-18), Wanliangtingia-Jiia Zone, Funing, E. Hebei and Hunjiang, Jilin, is apparently better referrable to Aristokainella Zhou & Zhang, 1978 (see comment below). According to Peng (1990a, p. 20), Wanliangtingia yanheensis Yin (in Yin & Li, 1978, pp. 523-524, pl. 172, figs 5-6; in Yin et al. 1984, pl. 1, figs 6-7), W. latilimbataSongtaoia A.-Z.,basal Nanjinguan Formation, Yanhebajiao, N and NE Guizhou, should be classified with Apatokephalops, but the material from Hunan which he refers to this species also seems better classified with Aristokainella. The status of Apatokephalops pergranulatus Lu (1975, 113-114, pl. 5, figs 6-7) is ambiguous. Remarks. Zhou & Zhang (1985, p. 116) have previously synonymised their genus Aristokainella Zhou & Zhang, 1978 with Wanliangtingia, but there seem to be differences between the 1978 and 1985 collections. In the former, the preglabellar field is convex, but flat or depressed in the latter. They also assigned to Wanliangtingia, Pseudokainella jingxingensis Zhou (in Chen et al., 1980, pl. 3, figs 8-9) which has no preglabellar field, and Pseudokainella (Parakainella) luna Kuo & Duan (in Kuo et al., 1982, pl. 3, figs 13-17) which has an extensive anterior cranidial border and convex preglabellar field. None of these seem to belong to Apatokephalops. Nor does Pseudokainella iwayi Kobayashi (1953, p. 46, pl. 3, figs 12-14), which is better classified in Aristokainella Zhou & Zhang, 1978. A revision of the biostratigraphically important kainellid trilobites is required because of their proximity to the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

67

Fig. 40. Apatokephalops species undetermined; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34137 from K272/14, X 2; B, cranidium, CPC 34138 from K272/15B, X 2.7; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34139 from K272/13A, X 1.7; D-E, partial cranidium, CPC 34140 from K296/3, X 3.7, D, dorsal view, E, lateral view; F, right librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34143 from K272/10B, X 2; G, right librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34144 from K272/3B, X 1.7; H, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34141 from K272/8, X 3; I, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34142 from K272/1, X 2.

Apatokephalops species undetermined (Fig. 40) Material. Eleven cranidia, four librigenae, and one pygidium are assigned. This material is very poorly preserved and unsuitable for quantitative assessment. CPC 34137-34144 are illustrated. Occurrence. Pander Greensand collections JSK272 on section CG249, NE of Clark Jump Up; JSK296 on section CG235, NE of Clark Jump Up; and JSK284 on section CG233, at Pander Ridge. Age. Early Ordovician, Warendan, Cordylodus angulatus-Chosonodina herfurthi Zone (Faunal Unit XII of Öpik 1965, 1969). Description. The cranidium is characterised by an effaced glabella which is more or less subrectangular, anteriorly truncate, laterally unconstricted, and generally widest (tr.) at the preoccipital lobes. The occipital furrow is prominent, separating an evenly narrow (sag.)

occipital ring which is wider (tr.) than the glabella. Palpebral lobes are long (exsag.) and close to the axial furrows. A very narrow (sag.), flat or depressed preglabellar field, flanked anteriorly by a sagittally thickened, flat or gently dorsally reflected anterior cranidial border is diagnostic. The librigena has a thickened lateral border, and an advanced genal spine which is long and delicate. A transverse, elliptical pygidium is associated. Apart from the axial furrows and the first pair of pleural furrows, it is effaced. The border is broad, and the margin apparently entire, non-spinose. Remarks. The material is too poorly preserved for meaningful comparison with existing species of Apatokephalops. However, the structure of the preglabellar area suggests some comparison with A. lobata (Lu, 1975) and A. chuansiense (Lu, 1975), from Sichuan, and Wanliangtingia calvicepitis (Zhou & Zhang, 1978) sensu Duan et al. (1986) and A. transversa (Duan & An, 1986) from eastern Hebei and southern Jilin, China.

68

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 41. Aristokainella sp. cf. A. calvicepitis Zhou & Zhang, 1978; A, E, cranidium, CPC 34145 from K266/3A, X 2, A, dorsal view, E, lateral view; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34148 from K266/4A, X 2; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34146 from K266/7B, X 2; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34147 from K266/7A, X 1.7; F, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34152 from K264/4, X 3; G, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34154 from K264/3, X 3; H, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34153 from K249/9, X 2; I, left librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34150 from K266/4C, X 1.7; J, left librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34155 from K265/3, X 1.7; K, left librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34149 from K266/5A, X 2; L, three librigenae and partial thoracic segment, CPC 34157 from K249/1B, X 2; M, left librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34156 from K265/2, X 2; N, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34151b from K266/10, X 3.5; O, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34151a from K266/10, X 3.5.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Aristokainella Zhou & Zhang, 1978 Type species. Aristokainella calvicepitis Zhou & Zhang (1978, p. 9, pl. 4, figs 1-11), LeiostegiumAristokainella Assemblage, Yehli Formation, Tangshan, NE Hebei, China. Other species. Pseudokainella iwayai Kobayashi (1953, p. 46, pl. 3, figs 12-14), Dongjeom Quartzite, Gangwondo, South Korea. Peng (1990a, pp. 20-21, pl. 5, figs 1-7) referred material from the lower Nantsinkwan Formation of NW Hunan to Apatokephalops yanheensis (Yin, 1978), but it differs in the structure of its preglabellar area from the Guizhou species, and more closely resembles Aristokainella. Remarks. Aristokainella, based on Zhou & Zhang’s (1978) original concept, is here considered distinct from Apatokephalops Lu (1975) sensu Peng (1990a). The fundamental difference lies in the preglabellar area, which in the latter is composed of a very narrow, flat or depressed preglabellar field, and a flat or very gently reflected anterior cranidial border. In Aristokainella, the preglabellar field is more prominent and extensive, and gently convex (sag.). The anterior cranidial border is also gently convex, and the anterior border furrow may be pitted. In both genera, the glabella is laterally sinuous, doubly constricted opposite the anterior and posterior ends of the palpebral lobes, but these constrictions are more obvious in Apatokephalops. In the librigena, the genal spine is further advanced in Apatokephalops than Aristokainella. Both genera apparently have a transversely semi-elliptical pygidium. Peng (1990a) illustrates a spinose pygidium. Aristokainella sp. cf. A. calvicepitis Zhou & Zhang, 1978 (Fig. 41) cf. 1978 Aristokainella calvicepitis; Zhou & Zhang, p. 9, pl. 4, figs 1-11. cf. 1985 Wanliangtingia calvicepitis; Zhou & Zhang, pp. 117-118, pl. 19, figs 2-3, 7; pl 29, figs 7-8, non pl. 10, figs 11-15 = Apatokephalops non 1986 Wanliangtingia calvicepitis (Zhou & Zhang); Duan et al., pp. 68-69, pl. 19, figs 17-18 = Apatokephalops Material. Twenty eight cranidia with lengths (Lc) between 3.7-20.8 mm; twenty one librigenae; and two pygidia, one of which has a length (Lp2) of 6 mm. Specimens CPC 34145-34157 are illustrated. Occurrence. Pander Greensand collections

69

JSK249, JSK250, JSK252 and JSK257 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; JSK264, JSK265, JSK266 and CG249/11 on section CG249, NE of Clark Jump Up; and JSK310 on section 245, to the SE of Clark Jump Up. Age. Early Ordovician, latest DatsonianearlyWarendan, Cordylodus lindstromi Zone (Faunal Assemblage XII of Öpik 1965, 1969). Description. The cranidium has a subrectangular, anteriorly obtusely rounded, laterally doubly constricted glabella whose furrows are effaced. The occipital furrow is broad (sag.) and not very well defined, and isolates a depressed occipital ring which is only marginally wider (tr.) than the preoccipital glabellar width (tr.). The weak lateral glabellar constrictions are situated opposite the anterior and posterior ends of arcuate palpebral lobes which are placed close to the axial furrows. The preglabellar area comprises equidimensional (sag.), gently convex (sag.) preglabellar field and anterior cranidial border. There is a tendency to effacement of the anterior cranidial border furrow which is apparently unpitted. Posterolateral limbs are long (tr.) and thin (exsag.). The librigena has a long, delicate, advanced genal spine. Its lateral and posterior border furrows unite at the genal angle. An associated pygidium is transverse, semielliptical, and has an entire, non-spinose margin. The axis contains two rings and a blunt terminal piece. Two pleural furrows are defined, extending close to the margin. A border is apparently not defined. Remarks. The Australian species is definitely comparable with the type, which is preserved in carbonate. The Chinese species may have a proportionately narrower anterior cranidial border compared to the preglabellar field, and its anterior border furrow bears intercaecal pits. No comparison can be made pygidially as that of the type lot remains unknown. Zhou & Zhang (1985, p. 116) synonymised Aristokainella with Wanliangtingia Lu (1975), and this has been subsequently synonymised with Apatokephalops Lu (1975) by Peng (1990a, p. 19). Some of the specimens illustrated by Zhou & Zhang (1985, pl. 10, figs 11-15) as Wanliangtingia calvicepitis (Zhou & Zhang) do have the narrow (sag.), often depressed preglabellar field characteristic of Wanliangtingia [=Apatokephalops], but the remainder (pl. 19, figs 2-3, 7; pl. 29, figs 7-8) more closely resemble Aristokainella. As such these genera are considered separate.

70

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 42. Yosimuraspis species undetermined; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34158 from K310/6, X 2.7; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34159 from K310/1, X 3; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34160 from K310/3, X 2.

Yosimuraspis Kobayashi, 1960a Type species. Yosimuraspis vulgaris Kobayashi (1960a, pp. 238-239, pl. 12, figs 9-20), Bunkoku Formation, Gangwondo, South Korea (see also Kim & Choi 2000). Other species. For species of Yosimuraspis described before 1984 see Zhou & Zhang (1985, p. 112ff.). Qian (1985) divided Yosimuraspis into three subgenera, Y. (Yosimuraspis), Y. (Eoyosimuraspis) and Y. (Metayosimuraspis), but Duan et al. (1986), Peng (1990a) and the present authors can find no significant justification for their recognition. All new species recognised by Qian (1986; in Chen et al. 1985), Duan et al. (1986) and Peng (1990a) are listed below regardless of synonymy. Yosimuraspis (Eoyosimuraspis) truncatus Qian (in Chen et al., 1985, pp. 71-72, pl. 13, figs 1-4), Y. (Eoyosimuraspis) A.-Z., Hunjiang, Jilin. Yosimuraspis (Eoyosimuraspis) sp. Qian (in Chen et al., 1985, pp. 72-73, pl. 13, fig. 5), age and occurrence as above. Yosimuraspis (Yosimuraspis) elicus Qian (loc. cit., pp. 73-74, pl. 10, fig. 7b; pl. 12, figs 1b, 4b, 5, 7), Y. (Yosimuraspis) A.-Z., occurrence as above. Yosimuraspis (Yosimuraspis) brevus Qian (loc. cit., pp. 74-75, pl. 10, figs 6, 7a, 8-9), age and occurrence as above. Yosimuraspis (Metayosimuraspis) latilimbatus Qian (loc. cit., p. 76, pl. 10, fig. 10; pl. 11, figs 1-11, pl. 12, figs 2-3), Y. (Metayosimuraspis) A.-Z., occurrence as above. Yosimuraspis (Metayosimuraspis) luna (Kuo & Duan) sensu Qian (loc. cit., p. 77, pl. 12, figs 6a-b, 8), age and occurrence as above. Yosimuraspis bullus Duan & An (in Duan et al., 1986, p. 59, pl. 11, figs 13-18), ApatokephalopsJiia Zone, Funning, E. Hebei. Yosimuraspis cylindricus Duan & An (loc. cit., p. 61, pl. 9, figs 13-14, 15a, 15d, 16a, 17-19), Yosimuraspis luna Zone, Hunjiang, Jilin. Yosimuraspis spicata Peng (1990a, pp. 22-24, pl. 5, figs 8-9; pl. 6, fig. 2), Dactylocephalus latus-Asaphellus inflatus

A.-Z., Nantsinkwan Formation, Huayuan, NW Hunan. Yosimuraspis sp. cf. Y. truncatus Qian (Park et al. 1994, fig. 4C-D), Yosimuraspis sp. 1 (Park et al. 1994, fig. 4E-F) and Yosimurapis sp. 2 (Park et al. 1994, fig. 4G-H) all from Mungog Formation, Korea. Yosimuraspis sp. (Choi et al. 2004), Taebaek Group, Korea. Yosimuraspis species undetermined (Fig. 42) Material. Three incomplete cranidia, CPC 34158-34160. Occurrence. All material occurs in Pander Greensand collection JSK310, a spot locality to the east of CG245, SE of Clark Jump Up. Age. Not known with certainty, but could be either latest Cambrian, latest Datsonian or earliest Ordovician, early Warendan, as the species is associated with Aristokainella which spans this interval. There are no associated conodonts. Description. This species of Yosimuraspis has a subrectangular glabella, obtusely rounded anteriorly, and with nearly straight, anteriorly converging, lateral margins. There is a hint of the presence of preoccipital glabellar furrows. The occipital furrow appears not to be fully transverse and to be slightly deepened abaxially. The occipital ring is narrow (sag., exsag.), only marginally wider (tr.) than the preoccipital glabellar width (tr.). Long (exsag.), arcuate palpebral lobes are situated close to the axial furrows, opposite the middle of the glabella. The preglabellar area is extensive, composed of a long (sag.), anteriorly gently sloping preglabellar field and an anterior cranidial border which may have a similar dimension. One cranidium (Fig. 42A) shows intercaecal pits in the anterior cranidial border furrow. Remarks. The characteristic glabellar shape and

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

71

Fig. 43. Jiia? species undetermined; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34161 from K269/5, X 1.7; B, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34162 from K269/4, X 2.5; C, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34163 from K269/7, X 2; D, right librigena, dorsal view, CPC 34166 from K252/4, X 2; E, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34165 from K252/6C, X 5.7; F, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34164 from K269/2, X 3; G, partial pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34167 from CG249/11, X 4.

length (sag.) of the preglabellar field suggest that this species may be more closely related to the type species, Yosimuraspis vulgaris, than others listed above (see Duan et al. 1986, pl. 11, figs 1-12). Family RICHARDSONELLIDAE Raymond, 1924 Jiia Zhou & Zhang, 1978 Type species. Jiia ampulliformis Zhou & Zhang (1978, p. 12, pl. 3, figs 13-18; 1983, pl. 3, fig. 12), Early Ordovician, Apatokephalops A.-Z., Yehli Formation, Lulong, Hebei, China. Other species. Zhou & Zhang (1985, p. 126) include Apatokephalops granulata Yin (in Yin & Li, 1978, p. 524, pl. 172, figs 8-9) from Guizhou. Jiia constricta Kuo & An (in Kuo et al., 1982, p. 22, pl. 1, figs 15-17), AristokainellaOnychopyge A.-Z., Yehli Formation, Hunjiang, Jilin. Pseudokainella (Parakainella) qingouziensis Kuo & Duan (loc. cit., p. 20, pl. 3, figs 18-20), Pseudokainella (Parakainella) A.-Z., occurrence as above. Jiia sp. Zhou & Zhang (1985, p. 128, pl. 2, figs 9-10), Apatokephalops A.-Z., Yehli Formation, Benxi, Liaoning. Remarks. Material from the Bonaparte Basin is assigned to Jiia with some uncertainty. The taxonomy of the Chinese Richardsonellidae is complex and the difficulties in determination are

compounded by poor preservation in Australia and frequently poor illustration in China. The cranidium of Jiia? sp. undet., described below, actually most closely resembles species of Fatocephalus Duan & An (in Kuo et al., 1982, pp. 20-21; see also species of this genus in Zhou & Zhang 1983, 1985; Qian in Chen et al. 1985; Qian in Chen 1986; Duan et al. 1986), all of which occur in the Mictosaukia A.-Z. of NE China which is of Late Cambrian (late Payntonian in Australian terminology) age. Only the deeper glabellar furrows of Jiia? sp. separate these genera. Even the assigned pygidia have similar architecture (see Qian in Chen et al. 1986, pl. 79, fig. 10). Zhou & Zhang (1985, p. 120) have commented on this similarity and postulated genetic relationship, regarding Fatocephalus as ancestral to Jiia. The latter is considerably younger, occurring in the Early Ordovician (early Warendan, Zone of Cordylodus lindstromi) in both China and Australia. Probable relationships are with species assigned to Apatokephaloides Raymond, 1924 in North America, to Artokephalus Sivov & Egorova (in Egorova et al., 1955) and to Apatokephalus by Rosova (1960, 1968) from Siberia. Jiia? species undetermined (Fig. 43) Material. Fifteen cranidia measuring (Lc) 5.3-16.1 mm; three librigenae; and three pygidia, one which has a length (Lp2) of 4.2 mm. Specimens CPC 34161-34167 are illustrated.

72

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 44. Hystricurus (Hystricurus) species undetermined; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34174 from K294/1A, X 5.5; B, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34175 from K249/12B, X 4; C, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34171 from K249/18B, X 5.5; D, partial pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34173 from K294/1B, X 3.5; E, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34172 from K257/1, X 5.5.

Occurrence. Pander Greensand collections JSK252 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; JSK269 and CG249/11 on section CG249, NE of Clark Jump Up. Age. Early Ordovician, early Warendan, Cordylodus lindstromi Zone (Faunal Unit XII of Öpik 1965, 1969). Description. The cranidium characteristically has a barrel-shaped glabella which has a maximum width (tr.) at the middle of the preoccipital lobes equal to the length (sag.). Several specimens have a gentle constriction between the site of maximum width and the confluence of the preoccipital glabellar furrows with the axial furrows. The glabella is obtusely rounded anteriorly. Two pairs of sub-parallel posterosagittally directed, sagittally discontinuous glabellar furrows are often deeply incised. The occipital ring is low in profile, transversely wider than the preoccipital glabellar width, and separated from the glabella by a wide (sag.) and distinct occipital furrow. Anteriorly, the glabella extends to the anterior border furrow which is pitted. There is no preglabellar field. The anterior cranidial border itself is equally narrow (sag., exsag.) and gently reflected. Palpebral lobes are long (exsag.), gently arcuate, and extend from the preoccipital constriction to the confluence of the anterior glabellar furrows with the axial furrows. The palpebral areas are therefore much restricted. The posterolateral limb is thorn-like-transversely short, narrowly triangular. Preocular areas are also restricted to narrow (tr.), triangular areas. The librigena is characterised by a long, curved, advanced genal spine and lateral and posterior border furrows which become confluent at the genal angle. The lateral border thickens slightly at about half way round its side, and the posterior border is short. The pygidium is short (sag.), transverse, and has margins bearing four pairs of spines, and four sets of deeply incised sub-parallel pleural

furrows. The axis also contains four rings and extends to the posterior margin which is gently invaginated. Remarks. Jiia? sp. undet. compares well with the type species, although may have a wider (tr.) glabella. Pygidia assigned to J. ampulliformis by Zhou & Zhang (1978) are incorrectly matched (Zhou & Zhang 1985, p. 126). The correct combination for Jiia has not been figured by Chinese authors. It is, however, similar to the match made by Qian (in Chen et al. 1986, pl. 79, figs 10, 11) for Fatocephalus chytrus Qian (in Chen et al., 1985), although this pygidium has five pairs of pleural furrows and marginal spines. Other species of Jiia are too poorly preserved for adequate comparison. Superfamily INCERTAE SEDIS Family HYSTRICURIDAE Hupé, 1953 Hystricurus Raymond, 1913 Type species. Bathyurus conicus Billings (1859, p. 366, fig. 12C; refigured Raymond 1913, p. 60, pl. 7, fig. 9), Ibexian, Beekmantown Formation, Quebec, Canada. Other species. These are too numerous to list here, and given the poor preservation of the Bonaparte material which makes comparison virtually impossible, probably unnecessary. The global distribution of Hystricurus (Hystricurus) is documented in Laurie & Shergold (1996), Fortey & Peel (1989) and Adrain et al. (2003). Hystricurus species undetermined (Fig. 44) Material. One quantifiable cranidium, with a length of 3.66 mm, and a second cranidial fragment; and three diminutive pygidia between 2.3-3.9 mm long (Lp1). Specimens CPC 34171-34175 are illustrated.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

73

possessing only a wider (sag.) anterior cranidial border. Hystricurus lewisi (Kobayashi, 1940), originally described from Tasmania, but also recorded in Victoria by Jell & Stait (1985, pp. 5-8, pl. 2, figs 1-15; pl. 3, figs 9-10, 13) is also similar in glabellar shape and having a sagittally undivided preglabellar field, and pygidium with three segments. Order ASAPHIDA Salter, 1864 Suborder ASAPHINA Salter, 1864 Family ASAPHIDAE Burmeister, 1843 Subfamily ISOTELINAE Angelin, 1854 Asaphellus Callaway, 1877 Type species. Asaphus (Isotelus?) homfrayi Salter (1866a, p. 311, pl. 8, figs 11-14; 1866b, pp. 165-166, pl. 24, figs 6-12), Tremadoc, Garth Hill Beds, Portmadoc, Wales. Fig. 45. Asaphellus species undetermined, both X 1.3; A, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34169 from K296/1; B, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34170 from K296/2.

Other species. See Zhou & Fortey (1986) and Shergold (1991). Asaphellus species undetermined (Fig. 45)

Occurrence. Pander Greensand collections JSK249 and JSK257 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; and JSK294 on section CG245, to the SE of Clark Jump Up.

Material. One cranidium, CPC 34169, with length (Lc) of 24 mm, and one pygidium, CPC 34170, with estimated length (Lp2) of 21.3 mm, associated with several assorted fragments.

Age. Uncertain due to lack of conodont control, but probably latest Cambrian, late Datsonian, because of association with Leiostegium (L.) sp. undet. 1 and Aristokainella sp. undet. in collections JSK249 and JSK257, occurring alone in collection JSK294 (Faunal Unit XII of Öpik 1965, 1969).

Occurrence. Pander Greensand collection JSK296 on section CG235, NE of Clark Jump Up.

Remarks. The material is insufficient and too poorly preserved for formal description. However, the cranidium has a typically hystricurid glabella which is effaced, convex (tr., sag.), anteriorly evenly rounded, and gently curved laterally. The occipital ring is as wide (tr.) as the preoccipital width (tr.). A well defined preglabellar field slopes anteriorly to a narrow (sag.) anterior cranidial border furrow and narrow (sag.) anterior border. Palpebral morphology is not preserved. In the pygidium, only three axial rings can be discerned together with three pairs of pleural furrows. The pleural segments terminate as minute nodes on CPC 34171 and overhang a border which is adventrally directed. There is some comparison with specimens described from the Digger Island Formation, Victoria by Jell (1985, pp. 60-61, pl. 20, figs 4-8) as Hystricuridae gen. et sp. nov., which differ in

Age. Early Ordovician,?Warendan, Drepanodus gracilis-Scolopodus sexplicatus Zone of Jones (1971) (Faunal Unit XII of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. Insufficient material is available to warrant detailed description. This is essentially an effaced asaphid showing only a hint of the glabellar shape anteriorly. The preglabellar area is a wide (tr.), shallow concavity, apparently wider (tr.) than the interocular width (tr.). The palpebral lobes are relatively small (exsag.) and placed close to the axial furrows, opposite the mid-point of the glabella. Accordingly, the posterolateral limbs are broad-based and transversely extensive. The pygidium is semicircular, with effaced transaxial furrows. Only the anterior pair of pleural furrows is defined. The axial furrows are also almost effaced. A vague border is apparent on the illustrated specimen. There is insufficient morphology preserved to make comparison with previously described species of Asaphellus. Lateral glabellar lobes, such as those characterising A. trinodus Chang (1949, p. 119, pl. 1, fig. 12; pl. 1, figs 7-10; Zhou

74

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

Fig. 46. Parapilekia? species undetermined; A, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34176 from CG249/11, X 4.5; B, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34177 from K252/3, X 1.7; C, pygidium, dorsal view, CPC 34178 from K252/2, X 3.

& Fortey 1986, pp. 186-188, pl. 7, figs 9-12; pl. 8, figs 1-8), are not developed. The wide preglabellar area seems to differentiate the present material from the type species, and from most other Chinese species, e.g., A. verus Zhou (in Chen et al. 1980, p. 135, pl. 4, fig. 17; see Zhou & Fortey 1986, p. 188, pl. 8, figs 9-24; pl. 9, figs 1-3, 6), A. bellus Lu (1975, p. 134, pl. 13, figs 11-15), A. nanchuanensis Lu (1975, pp. 134-135, pl. 13, figs 16-19) and A. inflatus Lu (1975, pp. 133-134, pl. 14, figs 1-29). Only A. acutulus Zhou & Zhang (1978, p. 16, pl. 4, figs 12-20; 1985, pp. 132-134, pl. 10, figs 1-10; pl. 19, figs 8, 12; pl. 29, fig. 15), from the Apatokephalops Assemblage of southern Jilin and northern Shanxi, has comparable preglabellar morphology, but is less effaced than Asaphellus sp. undet. Order PHACOPIDA Salter, 1864 Suborder CHEIRURINA Harrington & Leanza, 1957 Family PILEKIIDAE Sdzuy, 1955 Subfamily PILEKIINAE Sdzuy, 1955 Parapilekia Kobayashi, 1934 Type species. Calymene? speciosa Dalman (1827, p. 260, fide Holliday 1942, p. 475; figured Moberg & Segerberg 1906, pl. 7, figs 15-17 as Cyrtometopus speciosus), Early Ordovician, Tremadoc, Ottenby, Öland, Sweden. Other species. See Peng (1984, p. 384). To this list should be added Pilekia transversalis Zhou (1981, p. 244, pl. 1, fig. 16), Guotang Formation, Pu’an and Sandu, Guizhou. Parapilekia hunanensis Peng (1984, pp. 385-386, pl. 16, figs 1-9), Onychopyge-Hysterolenus A.-Z., Shenjiawan, Waergang and Panjiazui, Hunan which has been subsequently synonymised by Peng (1990b, p. 113) with Parapilekia [Rossaspis] latilus (Liu, 1977). Remarks. The concept and composition of

Parapilekia have been discussed at length by Peng (1990b, pp. 112-113). Present material is insufficient to classify with full confidence. The cranidium apparently does not have the distinct anterior (preocular) area of fixigena required for classification with Sinoparapilekiinae Peng, 1990b, but the style of the pygidial spines suggests placement either within this subfamily or within Pilekiinae Sdzuy, 1955. At this stage, classification with the latter is preferred. Parapilekia? species undetermined (Fig. 46) Material. Two cranidial fragments, CPC 34176-34177; and an incomplete pygidium, CPC 34178. Occurrence. Pander Greensand collections JSK252 on section CG231, at Clark Jump Up; and JSK264 and CG249/11 on section CG249, NE of Clark Jump Up. Age. Early Ordovician, Warendan, Cordylodus lindstromi Zone (Faunal Unit XII of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. The material at hand does not warrant detailed description. It is determined as a possible species of Parapilekia because of its suboval glabella, unmodified anteriorly, well defined, subparallel glabellar furrows, lack of a preocular area, and probable spinose genal angle. The pygidium has three axial rings and three sets of pleural furrows, but four pairs of simple marginal spines, all directed posteriorly. Parapilekia latilus (Liu, 1977), as illustrated by Peng (1990b, p. 21, figs 4-9) from Hunan is the most comparable species, both cranidially and pygidially. However, the pygidium could also be referred to Pilekia, e.g., Pilekia sp. sensu Jell (1985, pl. 32, figs 9-10) from Victoria, or Pilekia sp. sensu Sdzuy (1955, pl. 8, figs 30-31) from Leimitz, Germany.

AAP Memoir 34 (2007)

75

expanded, straight-sided glabella, bifurcated and non-bifurcated anterior lateral glabellar furrows, and variably situated palpebral lobes, are presently all included in the genus. Tienshihfuia sp. aff. T. constricta Kuo & Duan, 1982 (Fig. 47) aff. 1982 Tienshifuia constricta Kuo & Duan; in Kuo et al., p. 23-24, pl. 3, figs 9-10. aff. 1985 Tienshifuia constricta Kuo & Duan; Zhou & Zhang, p. 142-144, pl. 15, figs 7-10, pl. 24, fig. 4. aff. 1985 Tienshifuia constricta Kuo & Duan; Qian in Chen et al., p. 83, pl. 19, figs 1-2, 3a. aff. 1986 Tienshifuia constricta Kuo & Duan; Qian in Chen, p. 301-303, pl. 82, figs 1-9. aff. 1986 Tienshifuia constricta Kuo & Duan; Duan et al., p. 83, pl. 26, figs 1-3a, 4-13. Material. Seven cranidia with lengths (Lc) between 6.15-13.4 mm. CPC 34179-34182 are illustrated. Fig. 47. Tienshihfuia sp. aff. T. constricta Kuo & Duan, 1982; A, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34181 from K272/9A, X 2.7; B, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34180 from K284/1, X 2; C, partial cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34179 from K272/4, X 2; D, cranidium, dorsal view, CPC 34182 from K272/5, X 2.

Family PLIOMERIDAE Raymond, 1913 Tienshihfuia Lu in Lu et al., 1976 [=Tienshifuia (sic) Kuo et al., 1982; Zhou & Zhang 1985; Qian 1985, 1986; Duan et al. 1986] Type species. Tienshihfuia penchiensis Lu (in Lu et al., 1976, p. 58, pl. 8, figs 5-7), Callograptus? taitzehoensis Zone, upper Yehli Formation, Benxi, Liaoning, China. Other species. Tienshihfuia sindabaoensis Lu (in Lu et al., 1976, p. 58, pl. 8, fig. 8), age and occurrence as for type species. Tienshifuia constricta Kuo & Duan (in Kuo et al., 1982, pp. 23-24, pl. 3, figs 9-10), Richardsonella (Richardsonella)-Troedssonia A.-Z. and Aristokainella-Onychopyge A.-Z., lower Yehli Formation, Hunjiang, Jilin. Tienshifuia latigenata Duan & An (in Duan et al., 1986, p. 84, pl. 26, figs 14-20), Apatokephalops-Jiia Zone, Funning, E. Hebei and Hunjiang, Jilin. Remarks. The diagnostic characteristics of Tienshihfuia are unclear. Species with a laterally

Occurrence. Pander Greensand collections JSK272 and JSK273 at the top of section CG249, NE of Clark Jump Up; JSK284 on section CG233, at Pander Ridge. Age. Early Ordovician, ?Warendan, Drepanodus gracilis-Scolopodus sexplicatus Zone of Jones (1971) (Faunal Unit XII of Öpik 1965, 1969). Remarks. The Australian cranidia of Tienshihfuia aff. constricta are characterised by a parallelsided glabella from the occipital furrow to the anterolateral corner of the anterior lateral glabellar lobes. From this point it tapers rapidly to an anterior truncation. Three pairs of furrows are well defined and connected to the axial furrows. The anterior lateral glabellar lobes are not clearly bifurcate. Palpebral lobes are small, close to the axial furrows opposite the anterior ends of the anterior lateral glabellar lobes. In this they differ from the Chinese T. constricta (sensu stricto), in which they lie further to the rear, and in the case of Qian’s (1985) specimens, much further from the axial furrows. The occipital ring is as wide (tr.) as the maximum glabellar width (tr.) at the preoccipital lobes. The posterolateral limb is broad (exsag., tr.), and bears narrow lateral and posterior borders whose furrows coalesce at the genal angle which is apparently pointed. The shape of the glabella closely resembles that of T. constricta Kuo & Duan in Kuo et al., 1982. There are minor differences in the definition of the bifurcation of the anterior lateral furrows and position of the palpebral lobes which may be

76

related to mode of preservation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Gary Bergerson for assistance in the field in 1969; Michael Doyle (formerly Australian Geological Survey Organisation) for assistance in the preparation of the material, and for its photography; Robert S. Nicoll (formerly AGSO) for the provision of data on conodont biostratigraphy; and Xiaowen Sun (Lakes Oil, formerly University of Adelaide) for providing translations of Chinese place names and localities. We also thank Drs J.B. Jago (University of South Australia) and D.K. Choi (Seoul National University) whose reviews improved the paper considerably. REFERENCES

Aceñolaza, F.G., 1983. The Tremadocian beds and the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary problems in Latin America. 88-93 in Papers for the Symposium on the Cambrian-Ordovician and Ordovician-Silurian boundaries, Nanjing, China, October 1983. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica. A ceñolaza , F.G. & A ceñolaza , G.F., 1992. The genus Jujuyaspis as a world reference fossil for the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. 115-120 in Webby, B.D. & Laurie, J.R. (eds), Global Perspectives on Ordovician Geology. Balkema, Rotterdam. Aceñolaza, G.F., Tortello, M.F. & Rabano, I., 2001. The eyes of the Early Tremadoc olenid trilobite Jujuyaspis keideli Kobayashi, 1936. Journal of Paleontology 75, 346-350. Adrain, J.M., Lee, D.-C., Westrop, S.R., Chatterton, B.D.E. & L anding , E., 2003. Classification of the trilobite subfamilies Hystricurinae and Hintzecurinae subfam. nov., with new genera from the Lower Ordovician (Ibexian) of Idaho and Utah. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 48, 553-586. An Sulan & Duan Jiye, 1982. See Kuo et al., 1982. Angelin, N.P., 1854. Palaeontologica Scandinavica, Crustacea Formationis Transitionis pars II, p. 25-92, pls 25-41. Academiae Regiae Scientarium Sueccanae (Holmiae). Antsygin, N.Ya., 2001. Tremadokskie trilobity Urala. Ekaterinburg, 247 p. Balashova, E.A., 1961. Some Tremadocian trilobites from the Aktyubinsk region. Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta 18, 102-145. Baldis, B., Gonzalez, S. & Perez, V., 1984. Trilobites tremadocianos de la Formacion Negritos (Perforacion La Heliera), Llanos de Colombia. Memoirs, 3rd Latinamerican Congress, Paleontology, Mexico, 28-41. Beere, G.M. & Mory, A.J., 1986. Revised stratigraphic nomenclature for the onshore Bonaparte and Ord Basins, Western Australia. Geological Survey of

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Western Australia, Record, 1986/5. Bell, C.W. & Ellinwood, H.L., 1962. Upper Franconian and Lower Trempealeauan Cambrian trilobites and brachiopods, Wilberns Formation, central Texas. Journal of Paleontology 36, 385-423. B ell , C.W., F eniak , O.W. & K urtz , V.E., 1952. Trilobites of the Franconia Formation, southeast Minnesota. Journal of Paleontology 26, 175-198. Bengtson, S., Conway Morris, S., Cooper, B.J., Jell, P.A. & Runnegar, B.N., 1990. Early Cambrian fossils from South Australia. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 9, 1-364. Berg, R.R., 1953. Franconian trilobites from Minnesota and Wisconsin. Journal of Paleontology 27, 553-568. Berg, R.R. & Ross, R.J., 1959. Trilobites from the Peerless and Manitou Formations, Colorado. Journal of Paleontology 33, 106-119. Bergeron, J., 1899. Étude de quelques trilobites de Chine. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 3e Série, 27, 499-516. Billings, E., 1859. Descriptions of some new species of trilobites from the Lower and Middle Silurian rocks of Canada. Canadian Naturalist 4, 367-383. Billings, E., 1860. On some new species of fossils from the limestone near Point Lévis opposite Quebec. Proceedings of the Canadian Naturalist and Geologist 5, 301-324. Bradley, J.H., 1925. Trilobites from the Beekmantown in the Philipsburg region of Quebec. Canadian Field Naturalist 39, 5-9. Branisa, L., 1965. Los fosiles guias de Bolivia. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Bolivia 6, 1-82. Bruton, D.L., Erdtmann, B-D. & Koch, L., 1982. The Naersnes section, Oslo region, Norway: a candidate for the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary stratotype at the base of the Tremadoc Series. 61-69 in Bassett, M.G. & Dean, W.T. (eds), The Cambrian-Ordovician boundary: sections, fossil distributions and correlations. National Museum of Wales, Geological Series 3. Burmeister, H., 1843. Die Organization der Trilobiten. Reimer, Berlin, 148 p. Callaway, C., 1877. On a new area of Upper Cambrian rocks in south Shropshire, with a description of a new fauna. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London 33, 652-672. Casey, J.N., 1985. See Shergold, 1985. Chang W.T., 1949. Ordovician trilobites from the Kaiping Basin, Hopei. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 29, 111-125. Chang, W.T., 1957. See Lu et al., 1957 Chang, W.T. & Fan, C.S., 1960. Class Trilobita of the Ordovician and Silurian Periods of the Chi-lien Mountains. Gazeteer of the Chi-lien Mountains 4, 83-148. Chen Jun-yuan (ed.), 1986. Aspects of Cambrian-

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Ordovician Boundary in Dayangcha, China. China Prospect Publishing House, Beijing, 410 p. Chen Jun-yuan, Qian Yi-yuan, Lin Yao-kun, Zhang Jun-ming, Wang Zhi-hao, Yin Lei-ming & Erdtmann, B.-D., 1985. Study on Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary Strata and its Biota in Dayangcha, Hunjiang, Jilin, China. China Prospect Publishing House, Beijing, 138 p. Chen Junyuan, Zhou Zhiyi, Zou X., Lin Y., Yang X, Li Z., Qi D., Wang S., Xu H. & Zhu X., 1980. Outline of Ordovician deposits and faunas in Shandong, Northern Anhui and Northern Jiangsu, East China .Memoirs of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology 16, 159-195. Choi, D.K., Chough, S.K., Kwon, Y.K., Lee, S.-B., Woo, J., Kang, I., Lee, H.S., Lee, S.M., Sohn, J.W., Shinn, Y.J. & Lee, D.-J., 2004. Taebaek Group (CambrianOrdovician) in the Seokgaejae section, Taebaeksan Basin: a refined lower Paleozoic stratigraphy in Korea. Geosciences Journal 8, 125-151. Choi, D.K., Kim, D.H., Sohn, J.W. & Lee, S.-B., 2003. Trilobite faunal successions across the CambrianOrdovician boundary intervals in Korea and their correlation with China and Australia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 21, 781-793. Chu, Chao-ling, 1965. See Lu et al., 1965. Cook, P.J., 1982. The Cambrian palaeogeography of Australia and opportunities for petroleum exploration. APEA Journal 22, 42-64. Cook, P.J., 1988. Palaeogeographic Atlas of Australia, Volume 1, Cambrian. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 9 p. Cooper, R.A., Jago, J.B. & Begg, J.G., 1996. Cambrian trilobites from Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and their stratigraphic implications. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 39, 363-387. D alman , J.W., 1827. Om palaeaderna eller de så kallade trilobiterna. Kungliaga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens Handlinger 1, 226-249. Dean, W.T., 1989. Trilobites from the Survey Peak, Outram and Skoki Formations (Upper CambrianLower Ordovician) at Wilcox Pass, Jasper National Park, Alberta. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 389, 141 p. Druce, E.C. & Jones, P.J., 1971. Cambro-Ordovician conodonts from the Burke River Structural Belt, Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 110, 158 p. Duan Jiye, An Sulan & Zhao Da, 1986. CambrianOrdovician Boundary and its Interval Biotas, Southern Jilin, Northeast China. Journal of Changchun College of Geology, Special Issue of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 1-135. Egorova, L.I., Lomovitskaya, M.P., Ploetaeva, O.K. & Sivov, A.G., 1955. Class Trilobita. 102-179 in Khalfin, L.L. (ed.), Atlas of Index Forms of the Fossil Fauna and Flora of Western Siberia. West Siberian Geological Office, Tomsk.

77 Endo, R., 1937. See Endo & Resser, 1937. Endo, R., 1939. Cambrian fossils from Shantung. Jubilee Publication to Commemorate Prof. Yabe’s 60th Birthday, 1-18. Endo, R., 1944. Restudies of the Cambrian formations and fossils of southern Manchukuo. Central National Museum of Manchukuo, Bulletin 7, 1-100. E ndo , R. & R esser , C.E., 1937. The Sinian and Cambrian formations and fossils of southern Manchukuo. Manchurian Science Museum, Bulletin 1, 474 p. Fortey, R.A. & Peel, J.S., 1989. Stratigraphy and hystricurid trilobites of the Christian Elv Formation (Lower Ordovician) of western North Greenland. Rapport Grønlands geologiske Undersøgelse 144, 5-15. Frederickson, E.A., 1949. Trilobite fauna of the Upper Cambrian Honey Creek Formation. Journal of Paleontology 23, 341-363. Gatehouse, C.G., 1986. The geology of the Warburton Basin in South Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, 161-180. Grant, R.E., 1965. Faunas and stratigraphy of the Snowy Range Formation (Upper Cambrian) in southwestern Montana and northwestern Wyoming. Geological Society of America, Memoir 96, 171 p. Grey, K., 1985. Stromatolites from the ?Cambrian Antrim Plateau Volcanics, Lissadell and Gordon Downs 1:250,000 sheet areas, W.A. Western Australia Geological Survey, Palaeontology Report 15/1985. Guo Hong-jun & Duan Ji-ye, 1978. Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobites from northeastern Hebei and western Liaoning. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 17, 445-458. G uo H ongjun , Z an S huqin & L uo K unli , 1996. Cambrian stratigraphy and trilobites of eastern Liaoning. Jilin University Press, Jilin, 184 p. Hall, J., 1863. Preliminary notice of the fauna of the Potsdam Sandstone: with remarks on previously known species of fossils and descriptions of new ones, from the sandstone of the Upper Mississippi Valley. New York State Cabinet of Natural History, 16th Annual Report, Appendix D, Contributions to Palaeontology, 119-184. Harrington, H.J., 1937. On some Ordovician fossils from northern Argentina. Geological Magazine 74, 97-124. H arrington , H.J., 1938. Sobre las faunas del Ordoviciano inferior del norte argentino. Revista del Museo de La Plata, new series 1, Paleontologia 4, 109-289. Harrington, H.J. & Leanza, A.F., 1943. La fáunula del Tremadociano Inferior de Salitre (Bolivia). Revista del Museo de La Plata, 2, Paleontología 13, 343-356. Harrington, H.J. & Leanza, A.F., 1952. La clasificación de los “Olenidae” y los “Ceratopygidae”. Revista de

78 la Asociación Geológica Argentina 7, 190-205. Harrington, H.J. & Leanza, A.F., 1957. Ordovician trilobites of Argentina. Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Special Publication 1, 276 p. Hawle, I. & Corda, A.J.C., 1847. Prodrom einer Monographie der böhmischen Trilobiten. Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschafen, Abhandlungen 5, 176 p. Henningsmoen, G., 1957. The trilobite family Olenidae. Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo 1, Matematisk-naturvidenskapelig klasse 1, 303 p. Hintze, L.F., 1953. Lower Ordovician trilobites from western Utah and eastern Nevada. Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Bulletin 48, 249 p. Holliday, S., 1942. Ordovician trilobites from Nevada. Journal of Paleontology 16, 471-478. Hupé, P., 1953. Classification des Trilobites. Annales de Paléontologie 39, 61-168. Hupé, P., 1955. Classification des Trilobites. Annales de Paléontologie 41, 93-325. Jago, J.B., 1979. Tasmanian Cambrian biostratigraphy - A preliminary report. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 26, 223-230. Jago, J.B. & Brown, A.V., 1989. Middle to Upper Cambrian fossiliferous sedimentary rocks. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 15, 74-83 Jago, J.B. & Cooper, R.A., 2005. A Glyptagnostus stolidotus trilobite fauna from the Cambrian of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 48, 661-681. Jago, J.B. & Corbett, K.D., 1990. Latest Cambrian trilobites from Misery Hill, western Tasmania. Alcheringa 14, 233-246. Jell, P.A., 1985. Tremadocian trilobites of the Digger Island Formation, Waratah Bay, Victoria. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 46, 53-88. Jell, P. A. & Stait, B., 1985. Tremadoc trilobites from the Florentine Valley Formation, Tim Shea area, Tasmania. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 46, 1-34. Jones, P.J., 1971. Lower Ordovician conodonts from the Bonaparte Gulf Basin and the Daly River Basin, northwestern Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 117, 80 p. Kaulback, J.A. & Veevers, J.J., 1965. The Cambrian and Ordovician geology of the southern part of the Bonaparte Gulf Basin and the Cambrian and Devonian geology of the outliers, Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Record 1965/49, 1-95. Kaulback, J.A. & Veevers, J.J., 1969. Cambrian and Ordovician geology of the southern part of the Bonaparte Gulf Basin, Western Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics,

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Report 109, 80 p. K ennard , J.M. & L indsay , J.F., 1991. Sequence stratigraphy of the latest Proterozoic-Cambrian Pertaoorrta Group, northern Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 236, 171-194. K im , D.H. & C hoi , D.K., 2000. Jujuyaspis and associated trilobites from the Mungok Formation (Lower Ordovician), Yongwol, Korea. Journal of Paleontology 74, 1031-1042. Kobayashi, T., 1931. Studies on the stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Cambro-Ordovician formation of Hua-lien-chai and Niu-hsin-tai, south Manchuria. Japanese Journal of Geology & Geography 8, 131-189. Kobayashi, T., 1933a. Faunal study of the Wanwanian (basal Ordovician) Series with special notes on the Ribeiridae and Ellesmereoceroids. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, 2, 3(7), 249-328. Kobayashi, T., 1933b. Upper Cambrian of the Wuhutsui Basin, Liaotung, with special reference to the limit of the Chaumitien (or Upper Cambrian), of eastern Asia, and its subdivision. Japanese Journal of Geology & Geography 11, 55-155. Kobayashi, T., 1934. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Chosen. Palaeontology. Part 2. Lower Ordovician faunas. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, 2, 3, 521-585. Kobayashi, T., 1935. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Chosen. Palaeontology. Part 3. Cambrian faunas of South Chosen, with special study on the Cambrian genera and families. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, 2, 4(2), 49-344. Kobayashi, T., 1936a. On the Parabolinella fauna from Province Jujuy, Argentina, with a note on the Olenidae. Japanese Journal of Geology & Geography 13, 85-102, pls 15-16. Kobayashi, T., 1936b. Proparian genus of the Olenidae and its bearing on the trilobite classification. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy 12(36), 176-177. Kobayashi, T., 1940. Lower Ordovician fossils from Caroline Creek, near Latrobe, Mersey River district, Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 1939, 67-76. K obayashi , T., 1942a. Two new trilobite genera, Hamashania and Kirkella. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 59, 37-40. Kobayashi, T., 1942b. The Rakuroan complex of the Shansi Basin and its surroundings. Miscellaneous notes on the Cambro-Ordovician geology and palaeontology, VIII. Japanese Journal of Geology & Geography 28, 283-306. Kobayashi, T., 1943. Cambrian faunas of Siberia. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) University of Tokyo, 2, 6(12), 271-334. Kobayashi, T., 1951. Miscellaneous notes on the Cambro-Ordovician geology and palaeontology, 23. On the late Upper Cambrian (Fengshanian) fauna in east Jehol. Palaeontological Society of Japan, Transactions and Proceedings, new series, 3, 75-80. Kobayashi, T., 1952. Miscellaneous notes on the Cambro-Ordovician geology and palaeontology, 24. On Mansuyia and the Tsinaniidae. Palaeontological Society of Japan, Transactions and Proceedings, new series, 5, 145-154. Kobayashi, T., 1953. On the Kainellidae. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography 23, 37-61. Kobayashi, T., 1955. The Ordovician fossils of the McKay Group in British Columbia, western Canada, with a note on the early Ordovician palaeogeography. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Section 2, 9, 355-493. Kobayashi, T., 1957. Upper Cambrian fossils from Peninsular Thailand. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 2, 10(3), 367-382. K obayashi , T., 1960a. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Korea. Part VI. Palaeontology V. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 2, 12(2), 217-275. K obayashi , T., 1960b. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Korea. Part VII. Palaeontology VI. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 2, 12(2), 329-420. K obayashi , T., 1962. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Korea. Part IX. Palaeontology VIII. The Machari fauna. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 2, 14(1), 1-152, pls 1-12. K obayashi , T., 1966. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Korea. Part X. Stratigraphy of the Chosen Group in Korea and south Manchuria and its relationships to the Cambro-Ordovician formations of other areas. Section A. The Chosen Group of South Korea. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 2, 16(1), 1-84. K ruse, P.D., L aurie, J.R. & Webby, B.D., 2004. Cambrian geology and palaeontology of the Ord Basin. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 30, 1-58. Kuo Hung-chun, Duan Ji-yi & An Su-lan, 1982. Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the North China Platform with descriptions of trilobites. Paper for the 4th International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Department of Geology, Changchun University, 31 p. Laurie, J.R., 2006. Early Middle Cambrian trilobites from Pacific Oil & Gas Baldwin 1 well, southern Georgina Basin, Northern Territory. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 32, 127-204.

79 Laurie, J.R., Jago, J.B. & Bao Jin-song, 1995. Review of Tasmanian Cambrian biostratigraphy. Australian Geological Survey Organisation, Record 1995/69, 29 p. Laurie, J.R. & Shergold, J.H., 1996. Early Ordovician trilobite taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the Emanuel Formation, Canning Basin, Western Australia, Part 1. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 240, 65-103. L ee , D ong -C han & C hatterton , B.D.E., 2003. Protaspides of Leiostegium and their implications for membership of the Order Corynexochida. Palaeontology 46, 431-445. L in T ianrui , L in H uanling & Z hou T ianrong , 1983. Discovery of Cambrian trilobites in Kunshan, southeast Jiangsu with reference to the faunal provinciality and palaeogeography. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 22, 399-412. Liu Yiren, 1977. See Zhou et al., 1977. Lochman, C., 1956. The evolution of some Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician trilobite families. Journal of Paleontology 30, 445-462. Longacre, S.A., 1970. Trilobites of the Upper Cambrian Ptychaspid biomere, Wilberns Formation, central Texas. Paleontological Society Memoir 4, 1-70. Lu Yen-hao, 1954. Upper Cambrian trilobites from Santu, southeastern Kueichou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 2, 136-152. Lu Yen-hao, 1957. Trilobita. 249-294 in Ku, Z.W., Yang T.Y., Msu S.C., Yin T.M., Yu C.C., Chao K.K., Lu Y.H. & Hou Y.T., Index Fossils of China, Volume 3, Invertebrate Zoology. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. Lu Yen-hao, 1975. Ordovician trilobite faunas of central and southwestern China. Palaeontologia Sinica, 152, New Series B, 11, 1-463. Lu Yan-hao, Chang Wen-tang, Chu Chao-ling, Chien Yi-yuan & Hsiang Lee-wen, 1965. Chinese Fossils of All Groups. Trilobita. Volume 1, 1-362, 66 pls; Volume 2, 363-766, pls 67-135. Science Publication Co., Beijing. Lu Yen-hao, Chu Chao-ling, Chien Yi-yuan, Zhou Zhi-yi, Chen Jun-yuan, Yü Wen, Chen Xu & Xu Han-kui, 1976. Ordovician biostratigraphy and palaeozoogeography of China. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Memoir 7, 83 p. L u Y anhao & Z hou T ianrong , 1990. Trilobites across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of the transitional region of Sandu, southeastern Guizhou. Palaeontologia Cathayana 5, 1-84. Lu Yanhao & Zhu Zhaoling, 1980. Cambrian trilobites from Chuxian-Quanjiao region, Anhui. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Memoir 16, 1-30. Ludvigsen, R. & Westrop, S.R., 1983. Franconian trilobites of New York State. New York State Museum, Memoir 23, 82 p. Ludvigsen, R. & Westrop, S.R., 1986. Classification

80 of the Late Cambrian trilobite Idiomesus Raymond. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, 300-307. Luo Huilin, 1983. New finds of trilobites from Late Cambrian in western Yunnan. 1-24 in Three Rivers Monograph Editorial Committee (eds), Contributions to the Geology of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, II, Three Rivers Stratigraphy and Palaeontology. Geological Press, Beijing. M ansuy , H., 1915. Faunes cambriennes du Haut Tonkin. Mémoires du Service géologique de l’Indochine, 4, fasicule 2, 1-35. M‘Coy, F., 1849. On the classification of some British fossil Crustacea, with notices of new forms in the University collection at Cambridge. Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, series 2, 4, 161-179, 392-414. Miller, J.F., 1984. Cambrian and earliest Ordovician conodont evolution, biofacies and provincialism. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 196, 43-68. Miller, J.F., Evans, K.R., Loch, J.D., Ethington, R.L., Stitt, J.H., Holmer, L.E. & Popov, L.E., 2003. Stratigraphy of the Sauk III Interval (CambroOrdovician) in the Ibex area, western Millard County, Utah and central Texas. Brigham Young University Geology Studies 47, 23-118 Miller, J.F., Stitt, J.H. & Taylor, M.E., 1990. New information on the occurrence of the basal Tremadoc olenid trilobite Jujuyaspis from the western United States of America. 3rd International Symposium on the Cambrian System, Novosibirsk, USSR. Abstracts, p. 137. Miller, S.A., 1889. North American Geology and Palaeontology for the Use of Amateurs, Students and Scientists. Western Methodist Book Concern, Cincinnati, 718 p. Moberg, J.C. & Segerberg, C.O., 1906. Bidrag till Kännedomen om Ceratopygeregionen. Lunds Universitets Ärsskrift, N.F., Afd 2, 2(7), 3-113. Monke, H., 1903. Beitrage zur Geologie von Schantung. 1. Oberkambrische trilobiten von Yen-tsy-yai. Jahrbuch des Königlich Preussischen geologischen Landesanstalt 23, 103-151. Moore, R.C. (ed.), 1959. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, (O), Arthropoda, 1. Geological Society of America, New York and Kansas University Press, Lawrence, 560 p. Mory, A.J. & Beere, G.M., 1988. Geology of the onshore Bonaparte and Ord Basins in Western Australia. Western Australia Geological Survey, Bulletin 134, 179 p. Nan Runshan, 1980. Trilobita. 484-519 in Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources (ed.), Palaeontological Atlas of northeast China. 1, Palaeozoic. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. Nelson, C.A., 1951. Cambrian trilobites from the St Croix Valley. Journal of Paleontology 25,

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) 765-784. Nicoll, R.S., 1990. The genus Cordylodus and a latest Cambrian-earliest Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy. BMR Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics 11, 529-558. Nicoll, R.S., Laurie, J.R., Shergold, J.H. & Nielsen, A.T., 1992. Preliminary correlation of latest Cambrian to Early Ordovician sea level events in Australia and Scandinavia. 381-394 in Webby, B.D. & Laurie, J.R. (eds), Global Perspectives in Ordovician Geology. Balkema, Rotterdam. Nicoll, R.S. & Shergold, J.H., 1991. Revised Late Cambrian (pre-Payntonian-Datsonian) conodont stratigraphy at Black Mountain, Georgina Basin, western Queensland, Australia. BMR Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics 12, 93-118. Nikolaisen, F. & Henningsmoen, G., 1985. Upper Cambrian and lower Tremadoc olenid trilobites from the Digermul Peninsula, Finnmark, northern Norway. Norges geologiske undesøkelse, Bulletin 400, 1-49. Norford, B.S., 1969. The Early Canadian (Tremadocian) trilobites Clelandia and Jujuyaspis from the southern Rocky Mountains of Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 182, 1-15. Öpik, A.A., 1958. The Cambrian trilobite Redlichia: organisation and generic concept. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 42, 50 p. Öpik, A.A., 1961a. Alimentary caeca of agnostids and other trilobites. Palaeontology 3, 410-438. Öpik, A.A., 1961b. The geology and palaeontology of the headwaters of the Burke River, Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 53, 249 p. Öpik, A.A., 1963. Early Upper Cambrian fossils from Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 64, 133 p. Öpik, A.A., 1965. Appendix 3. The Cambrian and Ordovician sequence, Cambridge Gulf area. 78-83 in Kaulback, J. A. & Veevers, J. J., q.v. Öpik, A.A., 1967. The Mindyallan fauna of northwestern Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 74, vol. 1, 404 pp., vol. 2, 166 pp., 67 pls. Öpik, A.A., 1968. The Ordian Stage of the Cambrian and its Australian Metadoxididae. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 92, 133-170. Öpik, A.A., 1969. Appendix 3. The Cambrian and Ordovician sequence, Cambridge Gulf area. 74-77 in Kaulback, J. A. & Veevers, J. J., q.v. Öpik, A.A., 1970. Redlichia of the Ordian (Cambrian) of northern Australia and New South Wales. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 114, 66 p. Öpik, A.A., 1975. Templetonian and Ordian xystridurid trilobites of Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources,

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 121, 84 p. Owen, D.D., 1852. Report of the Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota and Incidentally of a Portion of Nebraska Territory. Lippincott, Grambo & Co., Philadelphia. Volume 1, 638 p; volume 2, maps and pls 1-15. Park, K.H., Choi, D.K. & Kim J.H., 1994. The Mungog Formation (Lower Ordovician) in the northern part of Yeongweol area: Lithostratigraphic subdivision and trilobite faunal assemblages. Journal of the Geological Society of Korea 30, 168-181 Peng Shan-chi, 1983. Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the Cili-Taoyuan border area, northwestern Hunan. 44-52 in Nanjing Institute of Geology & Palaeontology (eds), Papers for the Symposium on the Cambrian-Ordovician and Ordovician-Silurian Boundaries. Nanjing, China. Peng Shan-chi, 1984. Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the Cili-Taoyuan border area, northwestern Hunan with descriptions of relative trilobites. Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Systemic Boundaries in China. Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary 1, 285-405. Peng Shanchi, 1990a. Trilobites from the Nantsinkwan Formation of the Yangtze Platform. Beringeria 2, 3-52. Peng Shanchi, 1990b. Trilobites from the Panjiazui Formation and the Madaoyu Formation in Jiangnan Slope Belt. Beringeria 2, 55-170. Peng Shanchi, 1992. Upper Cambrian biostratigraphy and trilobite faunas of the Cili-Taoyuan area, northwestern Hunan, China. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 13, 1-119. Přibyl, A. & Vaněk, J., 1980. Ordovician trilobites of Bolivia. Rozpravy Československé Akademie Věd, Řada Matematických a Přírodních Věd 90(2), 3-82. Qian Yi-yuan, 1985. Trilobites. 65-83 in Chen Junyuan et al., q.v. Qian Yi-yuan, 1986. Trilobites. 255-313 in Chen Junyuan (ed.), q.v. Q ian Y i - yuan , 1994. Trilobites from the middle Upper Cambrian (Changshan Stage) of North and Northeast China. Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series B, 30, 190 p. Qiu Hongan, Lu Yanhao, Zhu Zhaoling, Bi Dechang, Lin Tianrui, Hou Zhiyi, Zhang Quanzhong, Qian Y iyuan , J u T ianyin , H an N airen & W ei X u , 1983. Arthropoda. 28-254 in Nanjing Institute of Geology & Palaeontology (ed.), Palaeontological Atlas of East China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. R aa s c h , G.O., 1952. Revision of Croixian dikelocephalids. Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 179, 137-151. Raymond, P.E., 1913. A revision of the species which have been referred to the genus Bathyurus. Bulletin of the Victoria Memorial Museum 1, 51-69.

81 Raymond, P.E., 1924. New Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician trilobites from Vermont. Proceedings of the Boston Natural History Society 37, 389-466. R aymond , P.E., 1925. New Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician trilobites from Vermont. Vermont State Geologist, 14th Biennial Report (1923-24), 137-203. Raymond, P.E., 1937. Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Trilobita and Ostracoda from Vermont. Geological Society of America, Bulletin 48, 1097-1146. Reeves, F., 1948. Report on geology and oil possibilities of the Bonaparte Gulf Basin. Private Report for Standard Vacuum Ltd. Resser, C.E. & Endo, R., 1937. See Endo & Resser, 1937. Rosova, A.V., 1960. Upper Cambrian trilobites from Salair (Tolstochikhinsk Suite). Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki 5, 116 p. Rosova, A.V., 1968. Biostratigraphy and trilobites from the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician of the northwestern Siberian Platform. Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki 36, 196 p. S alter , J.W., 1864. A monograph of the British trilobites. Palaeontographical Society Monograph, 80 p. Salter, J.W., 1866a. On the fossils of North Wales. Geological Survey of Great Britain, Memoir 3, 331-611. Salter, J.W., 1866b. A monograph of the British trilobites. Palaeontographical Society Monograph, 129-176. Sdzuy, K., 1955. Die Fauna der Leimitz-Schiefer (Tremadoc). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 492, 74 p. Shergold, J.H., 1972. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Gola Beds. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 112, 126 p. S hergold , J.H., 1975. Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobites from the Burke River Structural Belt, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 153, Volume 1, 251 p., Volume 2, 58 pls. Shergold, J.H., 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 186, 111 p. S hergold , J.H., 1982. Idamean (late Cambrian) trilobites, Burke River Structural Belt, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources , Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 187, 69 p. S hergold , J.H., 1985. Armin Aleksander Öpik (1898-1983). BMR Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics 9, 69-81. Shergold, J.H., 1986. Review of the Cambrian and Ordovician palaeontology of the Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Report 276, 21 p.

82 S hergold , J.H., 1991. Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobite faunas of the Pacoota Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 237, 15-75. Shergold, J.H., 1993. The Iverian, a proposed Late Cambrian Stage, and its subdivision in the Burke River Structural Belt, western Queensland. BMR Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics 13, 345-358. Shergold, J.H., 1994. Problems of the Cambrian timescale. Abstracts and Programme, Australian Palaeontological Convention 1994, p. 50. Shergold, J.H., 1995a. Cambrian biostratigraphic events within central and northern Australian basins. PESA Journal 22, 85. Shergold, J.H., 1995b. Timescales, 1. Cambrian. Australian Phanerozoic Timescales Biostratigraphic Chart and Explanatory Notes. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Record 1995/30, 32 p. Shergold, J.H., 2000. The Early Ordovician trilobite genus Jujuyaspis in Australia. 128-130 in Aceñolaza, G.F. & Peralta, S. (eds.), Cambrian from the Southern Edge, INSUGEO, Miscelanea 6. Shergold, J.H., Burrett, C., Akerman, T. & Stait, B., 1988. Late Cambrian trilobites from Tarutao Island, Thailand. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Memoir 44, 303-320. Shergold, J.H., Laurie, J.R. & Sun Xiaowen, 1990. Classification and review of the trilobite order Agnostida Salter, 1864: an Australian perspective. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Report 296, 93 p. Shergold, J.H., Liñan, E. & Palacios, T., 1983. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Najerilla Formation, northeastern Spain. Palaeontology 26, 71-92. S hergold , J.H. & N icoll , R.S., 1992. Revised Cambrian-Ordovician boundary biostratigraphy, Black Mountain, western Queensland. 81-92 in Webby, B.D. & Laurie, J.R. (eds), Global Perspectives on Ordovician Geology. Balkema, Rotterdam. Shergold, J.H., Nicoll, R.S., Laurie, J.R. & Radke, B.M., 1991. The Cambrian-Ordovician boundary at Black Mountain, western Queensland. 6th International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Guidebook for Field Excursion 1. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Record 1991/48, 50 p. Shergold, J.H. & Sdzuy, K., 1991. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Iberian Mountains, Zaragoza Province, Spain. Beringeria 4, 193-234. Sohn, J.W. & Choi, D.K., 2005. The Late Cambrian trilobite Hamashania from Korea. Alcheringa 29, 195-203. Stitt, J.H. & Miller, J.F., 1987. Jujuyaspis borealis and associated trilobites and conodonts from the Lower Ordovician of Texas and Utah. Journal of

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Paleontology 61, 112-121. Sun, Y.C., 1924. Contribution to the Cambrian faunas of China. Palaeontologia Sinica, Series B, 1, fascicule 4, 109 p. Sun, Y.C., 1935. The Upper Cambrian trilobite faunas of north China. Palaeontologia Sinica, Series B, 7, fascicule 2, 69 p. Sun Yunzhu, 1979. See Sun & Xiang, 1979. S un Y unzhu & X iang L iwen , 1979. Late Upper Cambrian trilobite fauna from western Yunnan. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Bulletin 1, 1-15. Swinnerton, H.H., 1915. Suggestions for a revised classification of trilobites. Geological Magazine 2(6), 487-496, 538-545. Tjernvik, T., 1953. Notes on two new trilobites from the Upper Cambrian of Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens Förhandlingar 75, 72-76. T jernvik , T., 1955. Nericiaspis, a new genus of olenids. Geologiska Föreningens Förhandlingar 77, 209-212. Tortello, M.F. & Aceñolaza, G.F., 1993. El aparato ocular de Jujuyaspis keideli Kobayashi, 1936 (Trilobita, Olenidae). XII Congresso Geológico Aregentino y II Congresso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos Actas 2, 315-320. Tortello, M.F. & Clarkson, E.N.K., 2003. Ontogeny of the Early Ordovician olenid trilobite Jujuyaspis keideli Kobayashi from northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 40, 257-275. Tortello, M.F. & Esteban, S.B., 1999. La transicion Cambrico-Ordovicico en la Formacion Volcancito (Sierra de Famatina, La Rioja, Argentina). Ameghiniana 36, 371-387. Tortello, M.F., Rabano, I., Rao, R.I. & Aceñolaza, F.G., 1999. Los trilobites de la transicion CambricoOrdovicico en la Quebrada Amarilla (Sierra de Cajas, Jujuy, Argentina). Boletin geologico y minero 110, 555-572. Traves, D.M., 1955. The geology of the Ord-Victoria region, northern Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 27, 133 p. Ulrich, E.O. & Resser, C.E., 1924. See Walcott, 1924. Ulrich, E.O. & Resser, C.E., 1930. The Cambrian of the Upper Mississippi Valley. Part 1. Trilobita: Dikelocephalinae and Osceolinae. Public Museum of Milwaukee, Bulletin 12, 1-122. Ulrich, E. O. & Resser, C. E., 1933. The Cambrian of the Upper Mississippi Valley. Part 2: Saukiinae. Public Museum of Milwaukee, Bulletin 12, 123-306. Vaccari, N.E., 2001. Trilobites de la Formacion San Juan (Ordovicico Inferior), Precordillera Argentina. Ameghiniana 38, 331-347. Veevers, J.J., Roberts, J., Kaulback, J.A & Jones, P.J., 1964. New observations in the Palaeozoic

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) geology of the Ord River area, Western Australia and Northern Territory. Australian Journal of Science 26, 352-354. Walcott, C.D., 1905. Cambrian faunas of China. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum 29, 1-106. Walcott, C.D., 1913. The Cambrian faunas of China. Carnegie Institution Publication 54, 3-276. Walcott, C.D., 1914. The Cambrian faunas of eastern Asia. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 64, 1-75. W alcott , C.D., 1924. Cambrian geology and palaeontology, 5 (2). Cambrian and Lower Ozarkian trilobites. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 75(2), 53-60. W alcott , C.D., 1925. Cambrian geology and palaeontology, 5 (3). Cambrian and Ozarkian trilobites. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 75(3), 61-146. W a lt e r , M.R., 1972. Stromatolites and the biostratigraphy of the Australian Precambrian and Cambrian. Special Papers in Palaeontology 11, 256 p. Wang Qizheng, Mills, K.J., Webby, B.D. & Shergold, J.H., 1989. Upper Cambrian (Mindyallan) trilobites and stratigraphy of the Kayrunnera Group, western New South Wales. BMR Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics 11, 107-118. Webby, B.D., Wang Qizheng & Mills, K.J., 1988. Upper Cambrian-basal Ordovician trilobites from western New South Wales, Australia. Palaeontology 31, 905-938. Westrop, S.R., 1986. Trilobites of the Upper Cambrian Sunwaptan Stage, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, Alberta. Palaeontographica Canadiana 3, 178 p. Westrop, S.R., 1995. Sunwaptan and Ibexian (Upper Cambrian-Lower Ordovician) trilobites of the Rabbitkettle Formation, Mountain River region, northern Mackenzie Mountains, northwest Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 12, 75 p. W h itti n gt o n , H.B. & K e l ly , S.R.A., 1997. Morphological terms applied to Trilobita. 313-329 in Kaesler, R.L. (ed.), Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1 Trilobita (revised). Volume 1. Geological Society of Americaq, Boulder, and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence. Winston, D. & Nicholls, H., 1967. Late Cambrian and early Ordovician faunas from the Wilberns Formation of central Texas. Journal of Paleontology 41, 66-96. W ittke , H., 1984. Middle and Upper Cambrian trilobites from Iran: their taxonomy, stratigraphy and significance for provincialism. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 183, 91-161. Wright, A.J., Cooper, R.A. & Simes, J.E., 1994. Cambrian and Ordovician faunas and stratigraphy,

83 Mt Patriarch, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 37, 437-476. Wright, T.O., Ross, R.J. & Repetski, J.E., 1984. Newly discovered youngest Cambrian or oldest Ordovician fossils from the Robertson Bay terrane (formerly Precambrian), northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Geology 12, 301-305. Yin Gongsheng, Gong Lianzan, Cai Ying & Jiao H uilang , 1984. On the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in Guizhou, China. 1-32 in Wang Dongfang (ed.), Scientific papers on geology for international exchange-prepared for the 27th International Geological Congress, 1. Yin Gongzheng & Li Shanji, 1978. Trilobita. 385-595 in Guizhou Stratigraphy/Palaeontology Working Team (ed.), Atlas of Palaeontology of Southwest China, Guizhou Province, Volume 1, Cambrian to Devonian. Geology Press, Beijing. Zhang J inlin & Liu Yu , 1986. On the Cambrian trilobites in the region of Dashetai, Inner Mongolia. Hebei College of Geology, Journal 9, 11-18. Zhang Jin-lin & Wang Shao-xin, 1985. Some Late Cambrian, Kushanian, trilobites from Pinglu, Shanxi. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 25, 663-670. Zhang Quanzhong, 1983. See Qiu Hongan et al., 1983. Z hang W entang & J ell , P.A., 1987. Cambrian Trilobites of North China - Chinese Trilobites Housed in the Smithsonian Institution. Science Press, Beijing. 459 p. Zhou Tianmei, Liu Yiren, Meng Xiansong & Sun Z henhua , 1977. Trilobita. 104-266 in Various State Bureaux (eds), Atlas of Palaeontology of Central Southern China, Volume 1. Geology Press, Beijing. Z hou T ianrong , 1981. New material of early Tremadocian trilobites from Sandu and Puan, Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 20, 241-246. Z hou Z hiqiang , L i J inseng & Q u X inguo , 1982. Trilobita. 215-294 in Palaeontological Atlas of northwest China: Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Volume Part 1: Precambrian and Early Palaeozoic. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. Zhou Zhiyi, 1980. See Chen et al., 1980. Zhou Zhiyi & Fortey, R.A., 1986. Ordovician trilobites from north and northeast China. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 192, 157-210. Zhou Zhiyi & Zhang Jinlin, 1978. The CambrianOrdovician boundary of the Tangshan area with descriptions of the related trilobite fauna. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 17, 10-26. Z hou Z hiyi & Z hang J inlin , 1983. Uppermost Cambrian and lowest Ordovician trilobites of north and northeast China. 25-30 in Papers for the Symposium on the Cambrian-Ordovician and Ordovician-Silurian Boundaries, Nanjing. Z hou Z hiyi & Z hang J inlin , 1985. Uppermost

84 Cambrian and lowest Ordovician trilobites of north and northeast China. Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Systemic Boundaries in China. Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary 2, 63-163. Zhu Zhaoling, 1965. See Lu et al., 1965. Zhu Zhao-ling, 1982. Early Palaeozoic trilobites from eastern Xizang and western Sichuan. 293-299 in Stratigraphy and Palaeontology in Western Sichuan and Eastern Xizang, 2. Zhu Zhaoling & Wittke, H., 1989. Upper Cambrian trilobites from Tangshan, Hebei Province, north China. Palaeontologia Cathayana 4, 199-259.

APPENDIX: SPECIMEN INDEX Specimens are listed by registration number in the following format: Taxon name CPC No.: Classification: Illustration: Locality Ammagnostinae gen. et sp. incertae sedis 33925: Figured specimen: Fig. 10A: K331/7C 33926: Ditto: Fig. 10B: CG201/9/2 Blackwelderia sp. cf. B. sinensis (Bergeron, 1899) 33927: Figured specimen: Fig. 12A: AAP6/1D 33928: Ditto: Fig. 12B: AAP6/2 33929: Ditto: Fig. 12C: K319/10 33930: Ditto: Fig. 12E: AAP6/7 33931: Ditto: Fig. 12D: K319/3 Blackwelderia sp. cf. B. repanda Öpik, 1967 33932: Figured specimen: Fig.11A: K331/4 33933: Ditto: Fig. 11B: K331/6 33934: Ditto: Fig. 11C: K331/1 33935: Ditto: Fig. 11D: K331/5 33936: Ditto: Fig. 11F: K331/3 33937: Ditto: Fig. 11E: K331/2 Liostracina kaulbacki sp. nov. 33938: Holotype: Fig. 13A: AAP6/4B 33939: Paratype: Fig. 13B: CG218/1A/1A 33940: Ditto: Fig. 13C: AAP6/1B 33941: Ditto: Fig. 13D: AAP6/1A 33942: Ditto: Fig. 13E: AAP6/5 33943: Ditto: Fig. 13F: AAP6/4A 33944: Ditto: Fig. 13G: AAP6/1C 33945: Ditto: Fig. 13J: CG201/9/1A 33946: Ditto: Fig. 13I: AAP6/3A 33947: Ditto: Fig. 13H: CG218/1A/2C Jujuyaspis sp. undet. 33948: Figured specimen: Fig. 14A-C: K268/1A 33949: Ditto: Fig. 14F: K268/3A 33950: Ditto: Fig. 14E: K251/6 33951: Ditto: Fig. 14I: K251/1A 33952: Ditto: Fig. 14G, J: K268/2A 33953: Ditto: Fig. 14H: K268/3C 33954: Ditto: Fig. 14K: K251/1B 33955: Ditto: Fig. 14D: K251/8 33956: Ditto: Fig. 14L: K251/1D

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Taenicephalus? travesi sp. nov. 33957: Paratype: Fig. 15A: K274/1A 33958: Ditto: Fig. 15B (larger): K274/1B 33959: Ditto: Fig. 15B (smaller): K274/1B 33960: Ditto: Fig. 15C: K274/2A 33961: Ditto: Fig. 15L: K274/2B 33962: Ditto: Fig. 15D: K274/1D 33963: Ditto: Fig. 15E: K290/3 33964: Ditto: Fig. 15G: K321/1 33965: Ditto: Fig. 15I: K286/2A 33966: Holotype: Fig. 15H, K: K290/4 33967: Paratype: Fig. 15F (left): K322/6a 33968: Ditto: Fig. 15F (right): K322/6b 33969: Ditto: Fig. 15J: K274/5 33970: Ditto: Fig. 15N: K274/1F 33971: Ditto: Fig. 15M: K286/2B 33972: Ditto: Fig. 15P: K286/4 33973: Ditto: Fig. 15Q (smaller): K322/2B 33974: Ditto: Fig. 15Q (larger): K322/2C 33975: Ditto: Fig. 15O: K274/8 Shirakiella sp. cf. S. elongata Kobayashi, 1935 33976: Figured specimen: Fig. 16A: K278/6A 33977: Ditto: Fig. 16C: K278/6B 33978: Ditto: Fig. 16D: K278/3 33979: Ditto: Fig. 16E: K278/4 33980: Ditto: Fig. 16G: K278/2A 33981: Ditto: Fig. 16B: K278/7B 33982: Ditto: Fig. 16F: K278/2C Shirakiella sp. cf. S. endoi Zhu, 1964 33983b: Figured specimen: Fig. 17A: CG245/7/7 33983a: Ditto: Fig. 17B-C: CG245/7/3A Family, gen. et sp. undet. 33984: Figured specimen: Fig. 18A: CG245/7/6B 33985: Ditto: Fig. 18B: CG245/7/3B Leiostegium (Leiostegium) sp. undet. 1 33986: Figured specimen: Fig. 20A: K249/8 33987: Ditto: Fig. 20B,E: CG231/K1 33988: Ditto: Fig. 20D: K249/25 33989: Ditto: Fig. 20C: K249/22 33990: Ditto: Fig. 20F: K249/16 33991: Ditto: Fig. 20I: K250/5 33992b: Ditto: Fig. 20H: K249/2 33992a: Ditto: Fig. 20J: K249/19 33993: Ditto: Fig. 20G: K249/23 33994: Ditto: Fig. 20K: K249/20 Leiostegium (Leiostegium) sp. undet. 2 33995: Figured specimen: Fig. 21D, E: K252/7 33996: Ditto: Fig. 21A: CG249/11/1A 33997: Ditto: Fig. 21F: CG249/11/4 33998: Ditto: Fig. 21G: CG231/K4 33999: Ditto: Fig. 21B: K252/1A 34000: Ditto: Fig. 21C: CG231/K3 Pagodia (Oreadella) sp. undet. 34001: Figured specimen: Fig. 22A: K241/2A 34002: Ditto: Fig. 22B: K241/5A Kaolishania clarkensis sp. nov. 34003: Holotype: Fig. 23A: K330/1C 34004 : Paratype: Fig. 23B: K282/5

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) 34005 : Ditto: Fig. 23C: K297/3 34006 : Ditto: Fig. 23E: K282/4 34007 : Ditto: Fig. 23D: K297/5 34008 : Ditto: Fig. 23G: K281/2 34009 : Ditto: Fig. 23I: K281/3 34010 : Ditto: Fig. 23F: K282/1 34011 : Ditto: Fig. 23H: K282/6 34012 : Ditto: Fig. 23K: K299/B 34013 : Ditto: Fig. 23J: K297/1 Peichiashania sp. cf. P. planilimbata (Endo, 1937) 34014: Figured specimen: Fig. 24A: AAP12/6 34015: Ditto: Fig. 24G: K288/3 34016: Ditto: Fig. 24D: AAP12/2A 34017: Ditto: Fig. 24E: AAP12/3 34018: Ditto: Fig. 24B: K277/1 34019: Ditto: Fig. 24F,H,I: K278/1 34020: Ditto: Fig. 24C: CG245/9/1A 34021: Ditto: Fig. 24C: CG245/9/1B 34022: Ditto: Fig. 24J: CG245/10/1 34023: Ditto: Fig. 24K: CG245/9/2B 34024: Ditto: Fig. 24M: K276/6 34025: Ditto: Fig. 24P: AAP12/1B 34026: Ditto: Fig. 24L: AAP12/1A 34027: Ditto: Fig. 24O: K276/5 34028: Ditto: Fig. 24N: K277/9 34029: Ditto: Fig. 24R: K288/5B 34030: Ditto: Fig. 24Q: K288/5A Mansuyia sp. undet. 34031: Figured specimen: Fig. 25A: K241/11 34032b: Ditto: Fig. 25B: K238/8 34032a: Ditto: Fig. 25C: K238/6 34033: Ditto: Fig. 25E: K301/3 34034: Ditto: Fig. 25F: K301/2 34035: Ditto: Fig. 25D: K301/1 Tsinania sp. cf. T. canens (Walcott, 1905) 34036: Figured specimen: Fig. 26A: K241/4A 34037: Ditto: Fig. 26B: K241/2B 34038: Ditto: Fig. 26C: K241/1 34039: Ditto: Fig. 26D: K243/4A 34040: Ditto: Fig. 26E: K244/1 34041: Ditto: Fig. 26G: K241/3 34042: Ditto: Fig. 26H: K242/1 34043: Ditto: Fig. 26F: K248/1C 34044: Ditto: Fig. 26I: K241/12 Dictyella conica sp. nov. 34045: Paratype: Fig. 27A: AAP5/4 34046 : Ditto: Fig. 27B: K303/8B 34047 : Ditto: Fig. 27C: AAP5/8A 34048 : Ditto: Fig. 27D: CG202/4E/7B 34049 : Ditto: Fig. 27E: K302/3 34050 : Ditto: Fig. 27F: K327/1A 34051 : Ditto: Fig. 27G: K303/16 34052 : Ditto: Fig. 27K: K303/7 34053 : Ditto: Fig. 27J: K303/12C 34054 : Ditto: Fig. 27I: K302/2 34055 : Ditto: Fig. 27H: AAP5/9B 34056 : Ditto: Fig. 27L: K303/4D 34057 : Ditto: Fig. 27L: K303/4C

85 34058 : Ditto: Fig. 27M: K327/5B 34059 : Ditto: Fig. 27N: CG202/4E/9B 34060 : Holotype: Fig. 27O: K238/1 34061 : Paratype: Fig. 27P: AAP5/12C 34062 : Ditto: Fig. 27Q: K327/2A 34063 : Ditto: Fig. 27R: K241/4B Plethopeltella sp. cf. P. shantungensis (Lu, 1957) 34064: Figured specimen: Fig. 28A: CG231/ B1/3B 34065: Ditto: Fig. 28B: CG231/B1/3A 34066: Ditto: Fig. 28C: CG231/B1/3C 34067: Ditto: Fig. 28D: CG231/B1/1A Wanwanaspis sp. undet. 34068: Figured specimen: Fig. 29A-B: CG231/ B1/1B 34069: Ditto: Fig. 29C: K303/11A 34070: Ditto: Fig. 29E: K241/9B 34071: Ditto: Fig. 29D: K241/5B Hamashania sp. undet. 34104: Figured specimen: Fig. 30B: K241/8 34168: Ditto: Fig. 30A: K241/10A Prosaukia sp. cf. P. misa (Hall, 1863) 34072: Figured specimen: Fig. 31A: CG202/4E/7A 34073: Ditto: Fig. 31B: CG202/4E/1C 34074: Ditto: Fig. 31C: K303/4A 34075: Ditto: Fig. 31E: CG202/4E/7C 34076: Ditto: Fig. 31I: K303/3 34077: Ditto: Fig. 31G: CG202/4E/4B 34078: Ditto: Fig. 31F: K303/9B 34079: Ditto: Fig. 31D: CG202/4E/1D 34080: Ditto: Fig. 31H: K303/13 Prosaukia? pentecosti sp. nov. 34081: Holotype: Fig. 32A,B: AAP5/11 34082: Paratype: Fig. 32C: K303/5 34083 : Ditto: Fig. 32D: CG202/4E/1A 34084a : Ditto: Fig. 32G: AAP5/13 34085 : Ditto: Fig. 32E: AAP5/2 34086 : Ditto: Fig. 32F: AAP5/12A 34087 : Ditto: Fig. 32H: K303/9A 34088 : Ditto: Fig. 32I: AAP5/14 34089 : Ditto: not illustrated: AAP5/12B 34090 : Ditto: Fig. 32K: K327/11 34091 : Ditto: Fig. 32M: K303/8C 34092 : Ditto: Fig. 32J: K303/17 34093 : Ditto: Fig. 32N: AAP5/3 34094 : Ditto: Fig. 32L: AAP5/1A 34095 : Ditto: Fig. 32R: K303/6 34096 : Ditto: Fig. 32O: AAP5/1C 34097 : Ditto: Fig. 32Q: CG202/4E/2 34098 : Ditto: Fig. 32P: AAP5/18 Lichengia sp. undet. 34099: Figured specimen: Fig. 33A: K246/2 34100: Ditto: Fig. 33C: CG231/C2/2 34101: Ditto: Fig. 33B: K246/1A 34102: Ditto: Fig. 33D: K241/6 34103: Ditto: Fig. 33E: CG231/C2/3 Pacootasaukia sp. undet.

86 34105: Ditto: Fig. 34B: AAP5/8B 34106: Ditto: Fig. 34A: AAP5/19 Eosaukia sp. undet. 34107: Figured specimen: Fig. 35A: K248/5B 34108: Ditto: Fig. 35B: K238/2B 34109: Ditto: Fig. 35C: K248/5A 34110: Ditto: Fig. 35F: K328/2A 34111: Ditto: Fig. 35D,E: K241/10B 34112: Ditto: Fig. 35I: K239/1B 34113: Ditto: Fig. 35G: K246/3B 34114: Ditto: Fig. 35H: K248/6A 34115: Ditto: Fig. 35J: K239/1C Lophosaukia? sp. undet. 34116: Figured specimen: Fig. 36A: K328/2B 34117: Ditto: Fig. 36B: K243/2 34118: Ditto: Fig. 36D: K260/11 34119: Ditto: Fig. 36C: K260/12 Ptychaspis sp. cf. P. asiatica Resser & Endo, 1937 34120: Figured specimen: Fig. 37A,B: AAP5/9A 34121: Ditto: Fig. 37C: K303/1A 34122: Ditto: Fig. 37F: K303/12A 34123: Ditto: Fig. 37E: K302/1 34124: Ditto: Fig. 37D: K302/5 Ptychaspis? sp. aff. P. cacus Walcott, 1905 34125: Figured specimen: Fig. 38A,D,E: CG202/4C/1 34126: Ditto: Fig. 38C: K247/D 34127: Ditto: Fig. 38J: K248/8A 34128: Ditto: Fig. 38B: K303/2 34129: Ditto: Fig. 38I: K245/2 34130: Ditto: Fig. 38F: CG202/4E/5 34131: Ditto: Fig. 38G: K303/10B 34132: Ditto: Fig. 38H: K245/7 Quadraticephalus sp. undet. 34133: Figured specimen: Fig. 39A: K260/6 34134: Ditto: Fig. 39B: K260/7 34135: Ditto: Fig. 39C: K245/6 34136: Ditto: Fig. 39D: K245/10 Apatokephalops sp. undet. 34137: Figured specimen: Fig. 40A: K272/14 34138: Ditto: Fig. 40B: K272/15B 34139: Ditto: Fig. 40C: K272/13A 34140: Ditto: Fig. 40D,E: K296/3 34141: Ditto: Fig. 40H: K272/8 34142: Ditto: Fig. 40I: K272/1 34143: Ditto: Fig. 40F: K272/10B 34144: Ditto: Fig. 40G: K272/3B

AAP Memoir 34 (2007) Aristokainella sp. cf. A. calvicepitis Zhou & Zhang, 1978 34145: Figured specimen: Fig. 41A,E: K266/3A 34146: Ditto: Fig. 41C: K266/7B 34147: Ditto: Fig. 41D: K266/7A 34148: Ditto: Fig. 41B: K266/4A 34149: Ditto: Fig. 41K: K266/5A 34150: Ditto: Fig. 41I: K266/4C 34151a: Ditto: Fig. 41O: K266/10B 34151b: Ditto: Fig. 41N: K266/10A 34152: Ditto: Fig. 41F: K264/4 34153: Ditto: Fig. 41H: K249/9 34154: Ditto: Fig. 41G: K264/3 34155: Ditto: Fig. 41J: K265/3 34156: Ditto: Fig. 41M: K265/2 34157: Ditto: Fig. 41L: K249/1B Yosimuraspis sp. undet. 34158: Figured specimen: Fig. 42A: K310/6 34159: Ditto: Fig. 42B: K310/1 34160: Ditto: Fig. 42C: K310/3 Jiia? sp. undet. 34161: Figured specimen: Fig. 43A: K269/5 34162: Ditto: Fig. 43B: K269/4 34163: Ditto: Fig. 43C: K269/7 34164: Ditto: Fig. 43F: K269/2 34165: Ditto: Fig. 43E: K252/6C 34166: Ditto: Fig. 43D: K252/4 34167: Ditto: Fig. 43G: CG249/11/2B Asaphellus sp. undet. 34169: Figured specimen: Fig. 45A: K296/1 34170: Ditto: Fig. 45B: K296/2 Hystricurus (Hystricurus) sp. undet. 34171: Figured specimen: Fig. 44C: K249/18B 34172: Ditto: Fig. 44E: K257/1 34173: Ditto: Fig. 44D: K294/1B 34174: Ditto: Fig. 44A: K294/1A 34175: Ditto: Fig. 44B: K249/12B Parapilekia? sp. undet. 34176: Figured specimen: Fig. 46A: CG249/11/5 34177: Ditto: Fig. 46B: K252/3 34178: Ditto: Fig. 46C: K252/2 Tienshihfuia sp. aff. T. constricta Kuo & Duan, 1982 34179: Figured specimen: Fig. 47C: K272/4 34180: Ditto: Fig. 47B: K284/1 34181: Ditto: Fig. 47A: K272/9A 34182: Ditto: Fig. 47D: K272/5 Wuhuia sp. undet. 34183: Figured specimen: Fig. 19: CG236/14B