Organ. • Different tissues working together to carry out a certain function form ...
Jenis-jenis dan fungsi sel manusia ... Sistem badan manusia dan fungsinya.
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Chapter 2 : Cell as a Unit of Life 2.1 What is a Cell? What is a cell? Parts of microscope Functions of part on a microscope General structure of animal cells and plant cells The functions of cell structures 2.2 Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms Unicellular organisms Multicellular organisms BM Version
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Chapter 2 : Cell as a Unit of Life 2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body The types and functions of human cells Organisation of cells The system of the human body and their functions 2.4 The Human Being − a Complex Organism The human being − a complex organism BM Version
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2.1 What is a Cell? A cell is the basic unit of life Its function is to carry out life processes Its size too small and can only be seen with the help of a microscope
Cell BM Version
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2.1 What is a Cell? Eyepiece Body tube Arm
Objective lens
Coarse focus knob
Stage Clip
Fine focus knob
Diaphragm
Base
Mirror Part of a microscope BM Version
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2.1 What is a Cell?
Functions of parts on a microscope Parts of a microscope
Function
Eyepiece
Magnify the specimen by 10
Arm
For holding the microscope
Coarse focus knob Change the position of the objective lens when focusing with low-powered objective lens Fine focus knob
Change the position of the objective lens slightly for fine focusing
Stage
Place the glass slide
Base
Stabilize the microscope
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2.1 What is a Cell? Functions of parts on a microscope Function
Part of microscope Mirror
Reflects light up through an opening in the stage to illuminate the specimen
Diaphragm
Control the amount of light entering objective lens Hold the slide on the stage
Clip Body tube Objective lens
Align the position of the eyepiece with the objective lens Magnify the size of a specimen by 4, 10 or 40 BM Version
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2.1 What is a Cell? General structure of animal cells and plant cells Cell wall Cell membrane
Vacuole
Nucleus Cytoplasm
Chloroplast Animal cell
Plant cell BM Version
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2.1 What is a Cell? The functions of cell structures Structures
Functions
Cell membranes
Controls the movement of substances into or out of the cell Supports and gives the cell a regular shape
Cell wall Cytoplasm Nucleus Vacuole Chloroplast
The place where chemical processes take place Controls all activities of the cell Salt solution and sugar solution are stored here Carries out photosynthesis BM Version
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2.2 Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms Unicellular organisms Organisms that consist of only one cell Very tiny Only be seen under a microscope Live in wet places such as the sea, ponds and drains BM Version
Have different body shapes Examples are Euglena, Chlamydomonas, Paramecium, Amoeba, Pleurococcus and yeast cell
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2.2 Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms Multicellular organisms Organisms that consist of many cell Examples Hydra, Mucor and Spirogyra
Hydra
Mucor BM Version
Spirogyra Previous Forward
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2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body The types and functions of human cells Types of cells
Functions
Muscle cell
Enables movement
Human sperm cell
Male reproductive cell
White blood cell
Protects the body against disease
Human egg cell
Female reproductive cell
Nerve cell
Sends nerve impulses
Fat cell
Stores fat
Red blood cell
Carries oxygen to every part of body
Bone cell
Forms bones BM Version
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2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body Organisation of cells Tissue Cell
• Cells of the same type that carry out the same function form a tissue
• There are 200 types of cells in our body System • Different organs working together to carry out a certain function form a system
Organ • Different tissues working together to carry out a certain function form an organ Organism • Different system make up the whole organism BM Version
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2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body The system of the human body and their functions System
Functions
Digestive system
To digest food so that it can be easily absorbed and used by the body Reproductive system To produce reproductive cells Nervous system Respiratory system Blood circulatory system Continue
To help the body respond to changes inside and outside the body To enable gaseous exchange to take place To carry oxygen and food to all parts of the body and waste substances to the kidneys BM Version
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2.3 Cell Organisation in the Human Body Systems of the human body and their functions System Skeletal system Excretory system Muscular system Lymphatic system Endocrine system
Functions To support the weight of the body and protect soft organs To remove toxic substances from the body To help the body to move To defend the body against disease with the help of lymphocytes To produce hormones to control the body’s activities and development BM Version
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2.4 The Human Being A Complex Organism A human being is a complex organism because human cells are organised into tissues, organs and systems Human cells are specialised. Cell specialisation helps divide body functions among the different types of cells Without the organisation of the cells, life processes cannot be carried out effectively BM Version
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The end
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Bab 2 : Sel Sebagai Unit Benda Hidup 2.1 Apakah itu Sel? • Apakah itu sel? • Bahagian mikroskop • Fungsi bahagian pada mikroskop • Struktur sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan • Fungsi struktur sel 2.2 Organisma Unisel dan Multisel • Organisma unisel • Organisma multisel Versi BI
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Bab 2 : Sel Sebagai Unit Benda Hidup 2.3 Organisasi Sel dalam Badan Manusia • Jenis-jenis dan fungsi sel manusia • Organisasi sel • Sistem badan manusia dan fungsinya 2.4 Manusia − Organisma Kompleks • Manusia − organisma kompleks
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2.1 Apakah itu Sel? • Sel adalah unit asas benda hidup • Fungsinya adalah untuk menjalankan proses kehidupan • Saiznya adalah kecil dan boleh dilihat dengan bantuan mikroskop
Sel Versi BI
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2.1 Apakah itu Sel? Kanta mata Tiub badan Gagang Kanta objek Pentas
Pelaras kasar
Klip Diafragma
Pelaras halus Tapak
Cermin Bahagian mikroskop Versi BI
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2.1 Apakah itu Sel?
Fungsi bahagian pada mikroskop Bahagian mikroskop
Fungsi
Kanta mata
Membesarkan spesimen 10
Gagang
Memegang mikroskop
Pelaras kasar
Pentas
Mengubah kedudukan kanta objek apabila mengfokus dengan kanta objek berkuasa rendah Mengubah kedudukan kanta objek bagi mendapatkan imej yang jelas Tempat letak slaid kaca
Tapak
Menstabilkan mikroskop
Pelaras halus
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2.1 Apakah itu Sel? Fungsi bahagian pada mikroskop Bahagian mikroskop
Fungsi
Cermin
Memantulkan cahaya ke arah kanta objek
Diafragma
Mengawal jumlah cahaya yang memasuki kanta objek Memegang slaid pada pentas
Klip Tiub badan Kanta objek
Melaraskan kedudukan kanta mata dengan kanta objek Membesarkan saiz specimen 4, 10 atau 40 Versi BI
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2.1 Apakah itu Sel? Struktur sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan Dinding sel Membran sel
Vakuol
Nukleus Sitoplasma
Kloroplas Sel haiwan
Sel tumbuhan Versi BI
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2.1 Apakah itu Sel? Fungsi struktur sel Struktur Membran sel Dinding sel Sitoplasma
Fungsi Mengawal pergerakan bahan yang masuk dan keluar dari sel Menyokong dan memberi bentuk yang tetap
Nukleus
Tempat di mana proses kimia mengambil alih Mengawal semua aktiviti sel
Vakuol
Larutan garam dan gula disimpan di sini
Kloroplas
Menjalankan fotosintesis Versi BI
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2.2 Organisma Unisel dan Multisel Organisma unisel • Organisma yang • Mempunyai bentuk yang berbeza mengandungi satu sel sahaja • Contohnya Euglena, Klamidomonas, • Sangat halus Paramesium, Ameba, • Hanya boleh dilihat Pleurokokus and yis dengan mikroskop • Tinggal di tempat yang lembap seperti laut, kolam dan longkang Versi BI
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2.2 Organisma Unisel dan Multisel Organisma multisel • Organisma yang mengandungi banyak sel • Contoh Hidra, Mukor and Spirogira
Hidra
Mukor
Spirogira Versi BI
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2.3 Organisasi Sel dalam Badan Manusia Jenis-jenis dan fungsi sel manusia Jenis-jenis sel Sel otot
Fungsi Membolehkan pergerakan
Sel sperma manusia Sel pembiakan lelaki Sel darah putih
Melindungi badan melawan penyakit
Sel telur manusia
Sel pembiakan perempuan
Sel saraf
Menghantar impuls saraf
Sel lemak
Menyimpan lemak
Sel darah merah
Membawa oksigen ke setiap bahagian badan Membentuk tulang
Sel tulang
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2.3 Organisasi Sel dalam Badan Manusia Organisasi sel
Tisu
Sel • Terdapat 200 jenis sel dalam badan kita Sistem • Kumpulan organ yang bersamasama menjalankan fungsi tertentu dinamakan sistem
• Sel sama jenis yang menjalankan fungsi yang sama dinamakan tisu
Organ • Kumpulan tisu yang bersama-sama menjalankan fungsi tertentu dinamakan organ Organisma • Sistem yang berbeza-beza membentuk suatu organisma Versi BI
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2.3 Organisasi Sel dalam Badan Manusia Sistem dalam badan manusia dan fungsinya Sistem Sistem pencernaan Sistem pembiakan Sistem saraf Sistem pernafasan Sistem peredaran darah
Fungsi Mencerna makanan supaya mudah diserap dan digunakan oleh badan Menghasilkan sel pembiakan Membantu badan merangsang perubahan di dalam dan d luar badan Membolehkan pertukaran gas Membawa oksigen dan makanan ke semua bahagian badan dan bahan buangan ke ginjal Versi BI
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2.3 Organisasi Sel dalam Badan Manusia Sistem dalam badan manusia dan fungsinya Sistem Sistem rangka Sistem perkumuhuan Sistem otot Sistem limfa Sistem endokrin
Fungsi Menyokong berat badan dan melindungi organ yang lembut Menyingkirkan bahan kumuh daripada badan Membantu badan bergerak Mempertahankan badan melawan penyakit Menghasilkan hormon untuk mengawal aktiviti badan dan pembangunan Versi BI
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2.4 Manusia Organisma Komples • Manusia merupakan organisma kompleks kerana sel manusia tersusun kepada tisu, organ dan sistem • Sel manusia adalah istimewa. Keisitmewaan sel ini membantu fungsi badan dalam kalangan pelbagai jenis sel • Tanpa organisasi sel, proses kehidupan tidak akan berkesan
