Arvi (4), Ashti (3), Deoli (6), Hinganghat (3), Karanja (3), Samudrapur. (8),Seloo (
5) ...... Palso Bk. AKWQN013. 108. PW. Shivar. AKWQN016. 96. GW. Shivni.
Chapter 6 Evaluation of Groundwater Quality 6.1 Ground Water Monitoring in Maharashtra The groundwater contamination occurring due to either natural causes or anthropogenic activities need regular monitoring of water quality to device ways and means to protect it. Groundwater Survey and Development Agency (GSDA), Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and MPCB have conducted groundwater quality monitoring programme in the various Districts of Maharashtra state. It involves identification of major pollutants and confirmation of suitability of groundwater for human consumption (drinking purposes, etc.). 6.2 Sources of Pollution in Ground Water pH : Low pH is one of the common problem of ground water. The primary cause of a low pH is the addition of acidic rain water. Other ions found in ground water such as nitrates and sulfates may result in lower pH. The negative effects of acidic water are many. Highly acidic water may result in pipe corrosion, causing the possible release of iron, lead, or copper into the tap water. A low pH may discolor the water and give it a bitter taste. TDS : Total dissolved solids (TDS), is defined as the concentration of all dissolved minerals in the water. TDS are a direct measurement of the interaction between ground water and subsurface minerals. High values of TDS could be due to dense residential area and intensive irrigation. Sources for TDS include agricultural run-off, urban run-off, industrial wastewater, sewage, and natural sources such as leaves, silt, plankton, and rocks. Piping or plumbing may also release metals into the water. A higher concentration of TDS usually serves as no health threat to humans until the values exceed 10,000 mg/L. At this level the water is considered brine and defined as undrinkable. A high TDS (levels above 1,000 mg/L) may cause corrosion of pipes and plumbing systems. To remove TDS to acceptable levels, a water softener with a reverse osmosis (R/O) system is usually effective. Hardness : Hardness of water is related to presence of Ca and Mg in water basically depending on soil type of that area. Water hardness in most groundwater is naturally occurring from weathering of limestone, sedimentary rock and calcium bearing minerals. Hardness can also
6-1
occur locally in groundwater from chemical and mining industry effluent or excessive application of lime to the soil in agricultural areas. Sulphate (SO4-2) : Sulphate can be found in almost all natural water. The origin of most Sulphate compounds is the oxidation of sulfite ores, the presence of shales, or the industrial wastes. Excess sulphate in the water could be due to the soil type as some soils contain sulphite minerals. As groundwater moves through these, some of the sulphate is dissolved into the water. Some minerals that contain Sulphate are Sodium Sulphate (Glauber's salt), Magnesium Sulphate (Epsom salt), and Calcium Sulphate (gypsum). Flouride (F-) : Fluoride is a common constituent of groundwater. Natural sources are connected to various types of rocks and to volcanic activity. Agricultural (use of phosphatic fertilizers) and industrial activities (clays used in ceramic industries or burning of coals) also contribute to high fluoride concentrations in groundwater. During weathering and circulation of water in rocks and soils, fluorine can be leached out and dissolved in groundwater and thermal gases. The fluoride content of groundwater varies greatly depending on the geological settings and type of rocks. The most common fluorine-bearing minerals are fluorite, apatite and micas. Therefore fluoride problems tend to occur in places where these minerals are most abundant in the host rocks. Nitrate (NO3-) : Nitrogen typically is present in ground water in three forms: ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite. Of the three, nitrite is the most toxic, yet usually occurs in the lowest concentrations. Most nitrogen compounds found in the ground water are partially derived from the atmosphere. Specific plants can "fix" nitrogen from the atmosphere onto their roots. Nitrogen not used by the plant is released into the soil. In the soil, free reactions with water, minerals, and bacteria take place. Secondary sources of nitrogen compounds include fertilizers, manure and urine from feedlots and pastures, sewage, and landfills. Excessive nitrate in the water could be due to the over-application of fertilizers or improper operation and maintenance of septic systems or improper manure management system. Nitrates are especially toxic to children less than six months of age. Children who ingest nitrate may not have developed an immune system that can ward off the compound. The condition known as "blue-baby syndrome" may occur. Chloride (Cl-) : The concentration of Chlorine is high in the regions of high temp and less rainfall. Soil porosity and permeability can build up chloride ions in water
6-2
Micro-organisms- Microorganisms, more specifically bacteria, can be found virtually in any water sample. Most microorganisms contained within normal well water supplies do not pose a threat to human health. Bacteria are generally introduced into a well by foreign means. Foreign methods can range from contaminated drilling tools to an improperly sealed well casing. Bacteria thrive in environments which contain iron, nitrogen, or sulfur compounds. Sources of these compounds may be derived from sewage, animal manure, and leaky septic systems. Well water serves as excellent living environments for bacteria. Wells high in nitrate (>10 mg/L) and sulfate levels should be bacteriologically tested. Bacteria can convert nitrate in water to the more dangerous nitrite. Water rich in sulfur could contain bacteria which may convert sulfate ions to potentially toxic sulfide ions. 6.3 Ground Water Network The numbers of monitoring stations in each Taluka along with the number of village where monitored the ground water quality are listed in Table 6.1 Table 6.1 : Monitoring Stations in Each Taluka Along with the Village Names Sr. 1
District Ahmednagar
Talukas (No. of villages monitored) Ahmednagar (5), Akole (3), Jamkhed (1), Karjat (3), Kopargaon (2), Newasa (5), Parner (1), Rahata (1), Rahuri (3), Sangamner (3), Shevgaon (5), Shrigonda (7), Srirampur (2)
2
Akola
Akola (28), Akot (18), Balapur (12), Barshi Takli (9), Murtizapur(12), Patur (10), Telhara (9)
3
Amravati
Achalpur (4), Amravati (18), Anjangaon Surji (6), Bhatkuli (14), Chandurbazar (7), Chandur Railway (8), Chikhaldara (13), Daryapur (13), Dhamangaon railway (3), Dharni (19), Morshi (20), Nandgaon khandeshwar (10), Tiwasa (6), Warud (18)
4
Aurangabad
Aurangabad (3), Kannad (2), Khultabad (1), Paithan (1), Phulambri (2), Sillod (3), Soygaon (1), Vaijapur (2)
5
Beed
Ambejogai (3), Ashti (2), Beed (5), Dharur (2), Gewrai (1), Kej (1), Parli (3), Patoda (2), Shirur Kasar (2), Wadwani (2)
6
Bhandara
Bhandara (4),Lakhandur (2), Lakhani (2), Mohadi (5), Pauni (1), Sakoli (3), Tumsar (6)
7
Buldhana
Buldhana (17), Chikhali (11), Jalgaon jamod (2), Khamgaon (12), Lonar (9), Malkapur (5), Mehkar (11), Motala (8), Nandura (10), Sangrampur (8), Shegaon (8), Sindhkhedraja (2), Deolgaonraja (1)
6-3
Table 6.1 (Contd..) Monitoring Stations in Each Taluka Along With The Village Names Sr. 8
District Chandrapur
Talukas (No. of villages monitored) Ballarpur (3), Bhadrawati (1), Brahmapur (4), Chandrapur (8), Chimur (7), Gondpipri (1), Jiwati (1), Mul (1), Nagbhid (2), Pombhurna (1), Rajura (5), Sawali (1), Sindewahi (3), Waroda (3)
9 10
Dhule Gadchiroli
11
Gondia
12 13
Hingoli Jalgaon
14
Jalna
15
Kolhapur
16
Latur
17 18
Mumbai Nagpur
19
Nanded
20 21
Nandurbar Nashik
22
Osmanabad
23 24
Parbhani Pune
25
Raigad
26
Ratnagiri
27
Sangli
Dhule (9), Sakri (3), Shirpur (4), Sindkheda (4) Aheri (9), Armori (3), Bhamragarh (1), Chamorshi (3), Desaiganj/Wadsa (2), Dhanora (4), Etapalli (5), Gadchiroli (12), Korchi (2), Kurkheda (1), Mulchera (3), Sironcha (2) Amgaon (3), Arjuni Moregaon (3), Deori (3), Gondia (9), Goregaon (1), Sadak Arjuni (1), Salekasa (1), Tiroda (4) Aundha-Nag (1), Basmatnagar (4), Hingoli (2), Sengaon (1) Amalner (1), Bhadgaon (3), Bhusawal (2), Bodwad (1), Chalisgaon (2), Chopda (2), Dharangaon (2), Erandol (3), Jalgaon (9), Jamner (5), Mukainagar (1), Parola (1), Raver (3), Yaval (1) Ambad (3), Badnapur (2), Bhokardan (4),Ghansawangi (2), Jafrabad (2), Jalna (4), Mantha (3), Parthur (2) Ajra (1), Bhudargad (3), Chandgad (3), Gadinglaj (2), Gagan bauda (2), Hatkanangale (1), Kagal (2), Kolhapur(11), Panhala (3), Radhanagari (2), Shahuwadi (3) Ahmadpur (2), Ausa (5), Chakur (4), Jalkot (1), Latur (5), Nilganga (3), Renapur (2), Udgir (2) City & Suburban : Borivali (1), Goregaon East (1), Kurla(1) Bhivapur (1), Hingna (1), Kalmeshwar (2), Kamptee (2), Kuhi (1), Mouda (2), Nagpur (14), Narkhed (3), Parseoni (3), Ramtek (1), Saoner (6), Umred (1) Bhokar (1), Biloli (1), Mahur (1), Hadgaon (1), Himayat nagar (1), Kinmat (2), Mukhed (7), Nanded (7) Akkalkuva (1), Nandurbar (8), Nawapur (2), Taloda (3) Chandwad (1), Deola (1), Dindori (6), Igatpuri (2), Kalwan (1), Malegaon (4), Nandgaon (1), Nashik (8), Niphad (2), Peinth (1), Satana (3), Sinnar (1), Trimbakeshwar (3), Yeola (1) Bhum (1), Kalambh (1), Lohara (1), Omerga (1), Osmanabad (5), Paranda (1), Tuljapur (1) Jintur (2), Manwat (1), Palam (1), Parbhani (5), Pathari (2), Selu (2) Ambegaon (3), Baramati (3), Daund (2), Haveli (7), Indapur (2), Junnar (6), Mawal (1), Mulshi (2), Purandar (4), Rajgurnagar(Khed) (2), Shirur (4), Wadgaon (1), Wehle (1), Pune (3) Alibag (5), Karjat (2), Khalapur (3), Mahad (3), Mangaon (2), Mhasala (1), Panvel (2), Pen (3), Poladpur (1), Raigad (3), Roha (3), Sudhagad (2) Chiplun (6), Dapoli (5), Guhagar (6), Khed (6), Mandangarh (2), Rajapur (3), Ratnagiri (9), Sangameshwar (3) Atpadi (4), Islampur (1), Jath (5), Kadegaon (1), Kavathemahankal (2), Khanapur (4), Miraj (1) , Palus (1), Shirala (1), South Solapur (1), Tasgaon (2), Walwa (4)
6-4
Table 6.1 (Contd..) Monitoring Stations in Each Taluka Along With The Village Names Sr. 28
District Satara
29
Sindhudurg
30
Solapur
31
Thane
32
Wardha
33
Washim
34
Yavatmal
Talukas (No. of villages monitored) Javali (1), Karad (3), Khandala (3), Khatav (3), Koregaon (3), Mahabaleshwar (2),Man-dahivadi (3), Medha (2), Patan (7), Phaltan (4), Satara (12), Wai (1) Devgad (5), Dodamarg (3), Kankavali (6), Kudal (8), Malvan (7), Sawantwadi (4), Vaibhavwadi (1), Vengurla (3) Akkalkot (4), Barshi (6), Karmala (3), Madha (3), Malshiras (6), Mangalvedhe (4), Mohol (4), North Solapur (4), Pandharpur (7), Sangola (3), Solapur (3), South Solapur (1) Bhiwandi (5), Dahanu (7), Jawhar (2), Mokhada (1), Murbad (3), Palghar (5), Shahapur (2), Thane (8), Vasai (7), Wada (2) Arvi (4), Ashti (3), Deoli (6), Hinganghat (3), Karanja (3), Samudrapur (8),Seloo (5), Wardha (8), Karanja (12), Mangrulpir (8), Malegaon (9), Manora (8), Risod (17), Washim (13) Arni (11), Babhulgaon (3), Darwha (13), Digras (9), Ghatanji (9), Kalamb (7), Kelapur (11), Mahagaon (7), Maregaon (3), Ner (10), Pusad (7), Ralegaon (7), Umarkhed (6), Wani (8), Yavatmal (15), Zari Jamni (9)
6.3.1 Summary Observations Comparing the water quality with BIS standards it has been observed that at several locations nitrate is exceeding the standard. Fluroide is also a problem at three talukas. Following are the observations from approximately 1400 monitoring locations. It is to be noted that in many Talukas only one set of data is available for the period 2007-2009 and the conclusion is drawn based on that data. The number of talukas in Maharashtra with 100% exceedance of nitrate, floride, Total Hardness, TDS and Ph is given in Table 6.2. •
The data revealed that 87 Talukas in 22 districts have shown nitrate levels above desirable limits, 100% of the time. However, nitrate monitored by MPCB at 34 locations in Maharashtra do not show high level of nitrate. Excessive nitrate in the water could be due to intensive agriculture, un-sewered sanitation in densely populated areas or from point sources such as irrigation of land by sewage effluents. Figure 6.1 gives the frequency distribution of premonsoon Nitrate concentration in Maharashtra. Figure 6.2 shows the contour maps of premonsoon Nitrate concentration in different districts of Maharashtra.
6-5
No. of Monitoring Sites
Nitrate Concentration, mg/l Figure 6.1 :
Frequency Distribution of Premonsoon NO3- Concentration in Ground Water of Maharashtra
Conc.in mg/l
Figure 6.2 : Contour Map of Nitrate in the Premonsoon Season •
Groundwater in 29 Talukas in 16 districts shows Total Hardness exceeding the permissible limits (600 mg/l) 100% of the time.
•
Under MPCB network 7 Talukas in 4 districts show Fluoride levels above permissible limits of 1.5 mg/l, 100% of the time.
6-6
•
TDS is an indicator of aesthetics. The analysis shows that 6 Talukas in 5 districts of Maharashtra shows 100% exceedance of permissible limit. For aesthetic reasons, a limit of 2000 mg/l as permissible limit has been established as part of the BIS – 10500 (2004-2005).
•
pH Concentration in Two Talukas of 2 districts show 100% non compliance of BIS standard of 6.5-8.5 mg/l. Table 6.2 : The Number of Talukas in Maharashtra with 100% Exceedance with Selected Parameters District Nitrate 2 Amravati 6 Aurangabad 6 Beed 2 Bhandara 7 Buldhana 4 Chandrapur 1 Dhule 4 Gadchiroli 1 Hingoli 7 Jalgaon 6 Jalna 1 Kolhapur 1 Latur 4 Mumbai 3 Nagpur 6 Nanded 4 Nashik 9 Osmanabad Raigad 5 Sangli 6 Solapur 1 Thane 1 Wardha Total 87
Flouride TH 1 1 1 3 1 4
TDS pH 1 1
1 1 2 5
2 1
1 1
7
1 2 2 1 1 2 4
29
1
1 1
6
2
6.3.2 Correlation Matrix for Different Ground Water Parameters Table 6.3 presents the correlation coefficient matrix between major chemical parameters of groundwater of those districts with a nitrate problem. A very strong relationship was observed between NO3− and SO42− levels in groundwater at Amravati (r = 0.77), Aurangabad (r = 0.98), Bhandara, (r = 0.87), Dhule (r= 0.70), Jalgaon (r= 0.82), Latur (r= 0.67), Nanded (r= 0.73), Nashik (r= 0.73), Osmanabad (r= 0.92) and Parbhani (r= 0.73). The correlation coefficients are 6-7
significant at 1% level. Such high correlation indicates the contamination of groundwater with nitrate and sulphate from point sources, i.e. fertilizers, sewage and animal wastes. While studying nitrate concentrations in groundwater of some rural areas of Rajasthan, Suthar et al. also reported a significant relationship between NO3− and SO42−. NO3− showed good correlation with Cl− contents at Amravati (r = 0.53), Aurangabad (r = 0.89), Bhandara, (r = 0.82), Dhule (r= 0.81), Jalgaon (r= 0.91), Nanded (r = 0.60), Nashik (r = 0.60), Osmanabad (r= 0.87) and Parbhani (r= 0.74) as the correlation coefficient r was significantly higher. Similarly, SO42− also exhibited good relationship with Cl− for groundwater samples from Amravati (r = 0.77), Aurangabad (r = 0.84), Bhandara, (r = 0.92), Dhule (r= 0.93), Jalgaon (r= 0.92), Nanded (r= 0.92), Nashik (r= 0.92), Osmanabad (r= 0.88) and Parbhani (r= 0.95) which suggested the contribution of animal and human excreta deposition on groundwater contamination. The correlation matrix between important parameters of water (Table 6.3) suggested that major sources of NO3− and SO42− in groundwater of this region were nitrogenous fertilizer, sewerage, animal waste, organic manure, etc. Based on water quality index calculated as methodology given in Chapter 3, the list of Talukas having the ground water quality Excellent, Good, Poor, Very poor and Unsuitable for drinking based on the monitored data is given in Table 6.4. The pictorial view of three years WQI for the approx 1400 villages in 34 district of Maharashtra is given in Annexure IX.
6-8
Table 6.3 : District Wise Correlation Matrix for Different Ground Water Parameters Sr 1
District
N
Ahmednagar
41
ClSO4-2
SO4-2 0.67**
NO30.69** 0.24
F0.35** 0.55**
Sr
District
N
2
Akola
107
0.07
NO3-
ClSO4-2
SO4-2 0.70**
NO30.25** 0.23*
F0.43** 0.43** 0.06
NO3-
3
Amravati
178
Cl SO4-2 NO3-
0.77**
0.53** 0.77**
0.078 0.17* 0.02
4
Aurangabad
15
Cl SO4-2 NO3-
0.84**
0.89** 0.98**
0.53** 0.39 0.53*
5
Beed
17
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.57
0.77 0.55
0.26 0.4 0.31
6
Bhandara
21
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.92**
0.82** 0.87**
0.01 -0.02 -0.05
7
Buldhana
116
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.65**
0.57** 0.43**
-0.05 0.12 -0.27
8
Chandrapur
39
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.63
0.48 0.49
0.05 0.28 -0.1
9
Dhule
16
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.93**
0.81** 0.7**
0.49 0.32 0.32
10
Gadchiroli
42
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.58 1
0.69 0.63 1
0.01 0.05 0.14
11
Gondia
27
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.78 1
0.69 0.86 1
-0.01 0.14 -0.08
12
Jalgaon
35
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.92** 1
0.91** 0.82** 1
0.07 0.01 -0.1
13
Jalna
18
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.49** 1
0.82** 0.37 1
-0.01 0.4 -0.01
14
Latur
21
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.23 1
0.42 0.67** 1
-0.33 0.04 -0.12
15
Nagpur
36
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.06 1
0.15 0.37* 1
-0.03 -0.29 -0.22
16
Nanded
21
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.92** 1
0.6** 0.73** 1
0.4 0.35 0.22
17
Nashik
30
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.92** 1
0.6** 0.73** 1
0.4 0.35 0.22
18
Osmanabad
11
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.88** 1
0.87** 0.92** 1
0.22 0.12 0.32
19
Parbhani
13
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.95** 1
0.74** 0.73** 1
-0.21 0.02 -0.34
20
Pune
40
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.76** 1
0.59** 0.41** 1
0.58** 0.52** 0.43**
21
Sangli
25
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.52** 1
0.08 0.09 1
0.11 0.1 -0.21
22
Solapur
43
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.67** 1
0.45** 0.17 1
0.37 0.29 -0.05
23
Wardha
39
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.31 1
0.80** 0.27 1
0.03 -0.15 -0.07
24
Washim
71
ClSO4-2 NO3-
0.59** 1
0.38** 0.44** 1
-0.06 -0.01 -0.11
-
-
6-9
Table 6.4 : Classification of Ground Water Quality of Talukas as Excellent, Good, Poor, Very poor and Unsuitable for Drinking Sr. 1 2
District (No. Talukas) Ahmadnagar (41) Akola (98)#
Excellent
Akola (98)* 3
Amravati (159)# Amravati (159)*
4 5
Aurangabad (15) Beed (23)
6
Bhandara (23)
7
Buldhana (104)# Buldhana (104)*
Anjangaon (6)
Good Water
Poor Water
Sangamner (3) Shrirampur (2) Barshi Takli (9), Patur (10) Patur (10)
Akole (3) , Karjat (3), Shrigonda (7) Akola (28), Akot (18), Balapur (12), Telhara (9) Akola (28), Akot (18), Murtizapur (12) Chandur Railway (8), Morshi (20), Nandgaon khandeshwar (10), Tiwasa (6) Achalpur (4), Bhatkuli (14), Daryapur (13)
Chandur Bazar (7), Chikhaldara (13), Dharni (19) Amravati (18), Anjangaon (6), Dharni (19), Warud (18) Khultabad (1), Sillod (1) Ambejogai (3), Beed (5) Bhandara (4), Lakhani (2), Pauni (1) Khamgaon (12) Chikhali (11), Jalgaon jamod (2), Mehkar (11), Motala (8)
Aurangabad (3), Kannad (2)
Very Poor Water
Unsuitable for drinking
Vaijapur (2)
Paithan (1)
Ashti (2), Gewrai (1), Kej (1), Parli (3)
Deolgaon Raja (1), Lonar (9), Sangrampur (8), Sindkhed Raja (2) Lonar (9), Nandura (10)
Shegaon (8)
* : WQI calculated without Fe, # : WQI Calculated with Fe
6-10
Table 6.4 (Contd..) Sr. 8
District (No. Talukas) Chandrapur (41)
9
Dhule (20)
10
Gadchiroli (47)
11
Gondia (25)
12
Hingoli (8)
13
Jalgaon (36)
14 15
Jalna (22) Kolhapur (33)
16
Latur (24)
17
Mumbai City (3)
Excellent
Salekasa (1)
Chandgad (3), Gadinglaj (2), Gaganbawada (2), Panhala (3)
Good Water
Poor Water
Chimur (7), Jiwati (1), Pombhuma (1)
Brahmapuri (4), Mul (1), Nagbhid (2), Sawali (1) Dhule (9), Sindhkheda (4) Mulchera (3), Chamorshi (3)
Dhanora (4), Etapalli (5) Arjuni Moregaon (3), Deori (3), Goregaon (1), Sadal Arjuni (1), Tiroda (4) Aundha (Nag) (1), Basmatnagar (4), Sengaon (1) Bhusawal (2), Raver (3)
Very Poor Water
Unsuitable for drinking
Hingoli (2) Bhadgaon (3), Dharangaon (2), Mukainagar (1), Parola (1) Ambad (3), Parthur (2)
Amalner (1)
Jafrabad (2)
Ajra (1), Hatkanangale (1), Kagal (2), Kolhapur (11) Nilanga (3), Chakur (4), Jalkot (1), Udgir (2) Bombay (Churchgate), Colaba, Deulwadi, Mahim, Mahroli (Chemur) - (1)
Ahmadpur (2)
* : WQI calculated without Fe, # : WQI Calculated with Fe
6-11
Table 6.4 (Contd..) Sr.
19
District (No. Talukas) Mumbai Suburban (3) Nagpur (36)
20
Nanded (36)
21
Nandurbar (14)
22
Nashik (35)
23
Osmanbad (11)
24
Parbhani (13)
25
Pune (41)
18
Excellent
Good Water
Poor Water
Bhivapur (1), Hingna (1), Mouda (2), Nagpur (14), Parseoni (3) Kinwat (2), Mahur (1), Mukhed (7), Nanded (7), Biloli (1) Akkalkuva (1), Nandurbar (8), Navapur (2), Taloda (3) Dindori (6), Igatpuri (2), Kalwan (1), Nashik (8), Yeola (1), Peinth (1) Lohara (1), Paranda (1), Tuljapur (1) Jintur (2), Parbhani (5), Palam (1), Selu (2) Daund (2), Pune (Haveli) (7), Junnar (6), Mawal (1), Purandar (4), Shirur (4)
Kamptee (2), Ramtek (1)
Very Poor Water
Unsuitable for drinking
Kurla (1) Umred (1), Kuhi (1)
Mulshi (2), Wadgaon (Maval) (1), Wehle (1)
Bhokar (1), Himayat Nagar (1)
Sinnar (1) Kalambh (1) Manwat (1) Baramati (3)
* : WQI calculated without Fe, # : WQI Calculated with Fe
6-12
Table 6.4 (Contd..) Sr. 26
District (No. Talukas) Raigad (30)
Excellent
Good Water
27
Ratnagiri (40)
28
Sangli (26)
Karjat (2), Khalapur (3), Mangaon (2), Mhasala (1), Roha (3) Chiplun (6), Dapoli (5), Guhagar (6), Khed (6), Mandangarh (2), Rajapur (3), Ratnagiri (9), Sangameshwar (3) Shirala (1)
Raigad (3)
29
Satara (44)
Mahabaleswar (2)
30
Sindhudurg (37)
31
Solapur (48)
Devgad (5), Dodamarg (3), Kankavli (6), Kudal (8), Malvan (7), Sawantwadi (4), Vaibhavwadi (1), Vengurla (3) Sangoola (3)
32
Thane (42)
Shahapur (2), Wada (2)
Atpadi (4), Miraj (1), Palus (1), Walwa (4) Khandala (3), Koregaon (3), Wai (1)
Poor Water
Very Poor Water
Unsuitable for drinking
Islampur (1), Jath (5), Kavathemahankal (2)
Barshi (6), Madha (3), Malshirs (6), Mohol (4), S. Solapur (1) Dahanu (7), Jawahar (2), Mokhada (1), Palghar (5),Vasai (7)
* : WQI calculated without Fe, # : WQI Calculated with Fe
6-13
Table 6.4 (Contd..) Sr. 33
District (No. Talukas) Wardha (40)
34
Washim (67)# Washim (67)*
35
Yavatmal (135)# Yavatmal (135)*
Excellent
Good Water
Poor Water
Ashti (3), Hinganghat (3), Karanja (3) Washim (13) Karanja (12), Malegaon (9), Manora (8), Risod (17), Washim (13), Mangrulpir (8) Arni (11), Darwha (13), Mahagaon (7), Ralegaon (7) Arni (11), Babhulgaon (3), Darwha (13), Ghatanji (9), Mahagaon (7), Maregaon (3), Ner (10), Pusad (7), Umarkhed (6), Yavatmal (15) Zari Jamni (9)
Arvi (4)
Very Poor Water
Unsuitable for drinking
Babhulgaon (3), Digras (9), Kelapur (11), Ner (10)
* : WQI calculated without Fe, # : WQI Calculated with Fe
6-14
6.4 District Wise Ground Water Status in Maharashtra (CGWB and GSDA) Ground water is one of the sources for drinking; domestic and irrigation purposes. In the present study, the ground water quality was evaluated based on three years monitored data by different agencies. Based on the selected inorganic and physical parameters, the ground water quality is estimated. The district wise ground water quality status with respect to BIS standards and water quality index is described in subsequent sections. 1) Ahmednagar District : Ahmednagar district is the largest district of Maharashtra state. There are hilly off-shoots of the Sahyadris in the western part of the district. In the northern part of the district, plains are found along the banks of rivers Godavari and Pravara as well as in the southern part, along the rivers Bhima -Mula, Ghod, Dhora and Sina. Physiologically, the Ahmednagar district is divided into three divisions: 1) Western Hilly Region, 2) Central Plateau Region and 3) The region of northern and southern plains. General Information: Geographical Area: 17412 sq. km Taluka-14 : [Akole, Jamkhed, Karjat, Kopargaon, Nagar, Nevasa, Parner, Pathardi, Rahata, Rahuri, Sangamner, Shevgaon, Shrigonda, Shrirampur]. Villages: 1581, Population: 40,88,000 Soil Type: The soils in the district can generally be classified into three groups: 1) black orkali, 2) red or tambat, and 3) laterite and the gray of inferior quality locally known as barad including white or pandhari. Of these, barad soils are very poor in fertility. Annual Rainfall : 566 mm Geology: Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt Major Ground water problems and issues: In most of the parts of this district, water is generally good for both domestic and irrigation purposes. Care has to be taken to see that in areas irrigated by canals, there is also simultaneous development of ground-water to avoid problems of water-logging and consequent quality deterioration, as noticed in the adjoining parts of Pune district.
6-15
Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 14, 13 talukas were monitored for 41 villages. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.5 gives the water quality index of ground water for Ahmednagar district. Ahmadnagar, Akole, Karjat, Shrigonda and Shevgaon: From the descriptive statistics of these talukas, it was observed that in most of the villages of these talukas, nitrate levels were very high and also the concentration of TDS and hardness due to Ca and Mg was prominent. The percentage of samples exceeding the permissible limit ranged from 20-60% for nitrate and total hardness, similarly 20-40% in TDS during the three years’ time period. The water quality indices calculated for the villages of Ahmadnagar, Akole, Karjat, Shrigonda and Shevgaon talukas showed that the overall ground water quality of these locations was poor during all the three years except for Ahmadnagar and Shevgaon, where the water quality was very poor in the year 2009 and 2007 respectively. The probable sources of contamination of ground water could be the over-application nitrate based fertilizers in farms, agricultural run-off, leaking storage tanks, etc. and contamination by micro-organisms from domestic activity etc. in the vicinity of ground water resources Sangamner and Shrirampur: The descriptive statistics showed that none of the samples exceeded the permissible limit except 33% nitrate in 2008 for Shrirampur taluka. The WQI calculated for Ambikhalsa, Chandanpuri and Sagamner villages of Sangamner taluka and Bote and Srirampur villages of Srirampur taluka showed that the overall ground water quality was good in both the talukas during all the three years. The excess nitrate in the ground water could be due to eutrophication caused human activities and agricultural runoff. Jamkhed: For Jamkhed taluka, the WQI calculated for the Jamkhed village showed that the water quality was good in 2007 while it was poor in 2008-09. The deterioration in the water quality could be due to contamination by micro-organisms or use of chemicals in farms, etc. because none of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit as observed from the descriptive statistics of Jamkhed taluka. Kopargaon: The WQI calculated for Kopargaon taluka showed that the water quality was good in 2008-09 and poor in 2007. However, the water quality was poor in Chas village in 2007; while it was good for Kolpewadi in all three years. This is because of the high levels of nitrate in the ground water in 2007 as observed from the descriptive statistics of this taluka. Nevasa: It is very clear from the descriptive statistics of this taluka that the poor water quality could probably be due to hardness and nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit in 20-40% samples. The WQI calculated for the villages of Nevasa taluka showed that the water quality 6-16
varied from good to very poor type in the years 2007 and 2009 while it was of good quality in 2008. The overall ground water quality of the taluka was good in 2008 and poor in 2007 and 2009. The most common source of nitrate in the soil could be the use of nitrate containing fertilizers whereas the hardness in water is mostly due to Ca and Mg naturally occurring from weathering of limestone, sedimentary rock and calcium bearing minerals. Parner: As observed from the descriptive statistics of this taluka, hardness, TDS, Ca, Mg and nitrate exceeded the permissible limit in 100% samples, which could be the reason for unsuitable water quality in 2007. However, in 2009, hardness exceeded the permissible limit in all samples, which accounted for poor water quality. In Parner taluka, Supe village was monitored for ground water quality evaluation and the WQI indicated that the water quality was unsuitable in 2007, good in 2008 and poor in 2009, hence the water quality varied widely in this taluka during these years. The probable sources of the contamination could be the common sources discussed in other talukas of Ahmednagar Rahata: The poor or very poor water quality could be due to the high levels of hardness, Mg and nitrate as observed from descriptive statistics of this taluka as all samples of hardness, Mg and nitrate exceeded the permissible limit during the three years. The water quality indices evaluated for Rahata taluka showed that the water quality was very poor in 2007-08 while poor in 2009. Based on the three years data, it can be observed that water is not potable and proper treatment is required. Rahuri: From the descriptive statistics of this taluka it was observed that around hardness, Mg and nitrate samples and 33% sulphate exceeded the permissible limit in 33-67% samples during the time period of three years. The sources for these ions could be natural weathering of limestone and calcium bearing minerals, over application of fertilizers. Excess sulphate in the water could be due to the soil type as some soils contain sulphite minerals. The water quality indices calculated for Rahuri taluka showed that the water quality was excellent in the year 2007 while it turned to poor during 2008 and 2009. The majorly affected ground water was of Devlali village.
6-17
Table 6.5 : Water Quality Index of Groundwater of Ahmednagar District Taluka
WQI
Category
164
PW
142
PW
2009
212
VPW
2007
135
PW
146
PW
2009
143
PW
2007 2008 2009 2007
64 104 100 167
GW PW PW PW
136
PW
196
PW
2007
2008
2008
Ahmednagar
Akole
Jamkhed
2008 Karjat 2009
Villages Chinchandi Patil Dehre Jakhangaon Manjur Bhitkewadi Chinchandi Patil Dehre Jakhangaon Manjur Bhitkewadi Chinchandi Patil Dehre Jakhangaon Manjur Bhitkewadi Rajur Tambhol Rajur Tambhol Vadegaon Madhe Rajur Tambhol Vadegaon Madhe Jamkhed Jamkhed Jamkhed Kolwadi Pategaon Rassin Kolwadi Pategaon Rassin Kolwadi Pategaon Rassin
Well No. G/AH-059 G/AH-033 G/AH-037 G/AH-026 G/AH-057 G/AH-059 G/AH-033 G/AH-037 G/AH-026 G/AH-057 G/AH-059 G/AH-033 G/AH-037 G/AH-026 G/AH-057 G/AH-006 G/AH-063 G/AH-006 G/AH-063 G/AH-064 G/AH-006 G/AH-063 G/AH-064 G/AH-053 G/AH-053 G/AH-053 G/AH-062 G/AH-060 K/AH-009 G/AH-062 G/AH-060 K/AH-009 G/AH-062 G/AH-060 K/AH-009
WQI 86 96 124 411 102 85 88 121 360 55 80 84 407 428 61 156 113 271 64 104 257 60 113 64 104 100 89 293 120 213 90 106 371 98 119
Category GW GW PW UNSUT PW GW GW PW UNSUT GW GW GW UNSUT UNSUT GW PW PW VPW GW PW VPW GW PW GW PW PW GW VPW PW VPW GW PW UNSUT GW PW
6-18
Table 6.5 (Contd..) : Water Quality Index of Groundwater of Ahmednagar District Taluka
WQI 117
Category PW
60
GW
63
GW
142
PW
97
GW
117
PW
328 84 116 210 253 194 49
UNSUT GW PW VPW VPW PW EXLT
180
PW
2009
170
PW
2007
60
GW
87
GW
70
GW
2007 2008
Kopargaon
2009
2007
2008
Nevasa
2009
2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007
2008
Parner
Rahata
Rahuri
2008 Sangamner 2009
Villages Chas Kolpewadi Chas Kolpewadi Chas Kolpewadi Khadka Bambori Shirasgaon Sonai Vadala Bhairoba Khadka Bambori Shirasgaon Sonai Vadala Bhairoba Khadka Bambori Shirasgaon Sonai Vadala Bhairoba Supe Supe Supe Rahata Rahata Rahata Devlali Malharwadi Rahuri Devlali Malharwadi Rahuri Devlali Malharwadi Rahuri Ambikhalsa Chandanapuri Sangamner Ambikhalsa Chandanapuri Sangamner Ambikhalsa Chandanapuri Sangamner
Well No. K/AH-017 G/AH-055 K/AH-017 G/AH-055 K/AH-017 G/AH-055 G/AH-050 G/AH-047 G/AH-051 G/AH-048 G/AH-002 G/AH-050 G/AH-047 G/AH-051 G/AH-048 G/AH-002 G/AH-050 G/AH-047 G/AH-051 G/AH-048 G/AH-002 G/AH-040 G/AH-040 G/AH-040 G/AH-025 G/AH-025 G/AH-025 G/AH-045 G/AH-046 G/AH-010 G/AH-045 G/AH-046 G/AH-010 G/AH-045 G/AH-046 G/AH-010 G/AH-016 G/AH-056 G/AH-013 G/AH-016 G/AH-056 G/AH-013 G/AH-016 G/AH-056 G/AH-013
WQI 142 91 65 56 70 57 67 216 111 80 235 68 81 60 67 209 75 73 60 110 265 328 84 116 210 253 194 46 38 62 212 147 182 200 171 137 78 63 38 74 86 101 66 70 75
Category PW GW GW GW GW GW GW VPW PW GW VPW GW GW GW GW VPW GW GW GW PW VPW UNSUT GW PW VPW VPW PW EXLT EXLT GW VPW PW PW VPW PW PW GW GW EXLT GW GW PW GW GW GW
6-19
Table 6.5 (Contd..) : Water Quality Index of Groundwater of Ahmednagar District Taluka
WQI
Category
207
VPW
2008
139
PW
2009
166
PW
2007
147
PW
2008
173
PW
2009
143
PW
2007
54
GW
61
GW
61
GW
2007
Shevgaon
Shrigonda
2008 2009
Srirampur
Villages Dahigaon Ghotan Jeur Kokona Rakshi Dahigaon Ghotan Jeur Kokona Rakshi Dahigaon Jeur Rakshi Babhuleshwar Ban pimpri Chikhale Kokangaon Shrigonda Takle-Kazi Walvad Babhuleshwar Ban pimpri Chikhale Kokangaon Shrigonda Takle-Kazi Babhuleshwar Ban pimpri Chikhale Kokangaon Shrigonda Takle-Kazi Walvad Bote Srirampur Bote Srirampur Bote Srirampur
Well No. G/AH-041 G/AH-003 G/AH-036 G/AH-018 G/AH-042 G/AH-041 G/AH-003 G/AH-036 G/AH-018 G/AH-042 G/AH-041 G/AH-036 G/AH-042 G/AH-039 K/AH-005 K/AH-023 G/AH-001 K/AH-008 K/AH-024 K/AH-022 G/AH-039 K/AH-005 K/AH-023 G/AH-001 K/AH-008 K/AH-024 G/AH-039 K/AH-005 K/AH-023 G/AH-001 K/AH-008 K/AH-024 K/AH-022 G/AH-004 G/AH-015 G/AH-004 G/AH-015 G/AH-004 G/AH-015
WQI 67 453 124 206 185 200 182 177 80 55 304 141 54 94 178 367 81 108 100 100 251 190 260 80 104 152 209 149 270 85 110 69 109 83 25 68 53 75 48
Category GW UNSUT PW VPW PW VPW PW PW GW GW UNSUT PW GW GW PW UNSUT GW PW GW GW VPW PW VPW GW PW PW VPW PW VPW GW PW GW PW GW EXLT GW GW GW EXLT
From the overall three years water quality of Ahmadnagar district, it was observed that the water quality in the talukas namely Sangamner, Shrirampur was good; whereas in talukas Akole, Karjat, Shrigonda it was poor. Apart from this, other talukas showed fluctuation with respect to water quality mostly observed as poor and very poor.
6-20
2) Akola district Akola district is one of the eleven districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. It is situated in the northern part of the State. The district is bounded on the north by Madhya Pradesh State, on the east by Amravati, on the west by Buldhana district and on the south and south east by Washim district. The northern fringe of the district is hilly and forms part of Satpura Range. South of these hill ranges, covering almost entire north-central part constitutes the alluvial plain. Southern part of the district is characterized by hilly rugged terrain as a part of Deccan Plateau. Purna is the main river flowing through the district. Other important rivers are Man, Murna and Kate. General Information: Geographical Area: 5417 sq. km. Taluka-7; Akola, Barshi Takli, Murtijapur, Akot, Telhara, Balapur and Patur Villages: 1009 Population: 16,30,239 Soil Type: Two types of soils have been observed in the district namely medium black soil occurring in plain central part of trap origin and deep black soil occurring in valley in northern part. Annual Rainfall: 750 to 950 mm Geology: Pliestocene-Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Basalt (Deccan Traps) Major Ground water problems and issues: The areas of Purna River Alluvium covering Akot and Telhara talukas and northern parts of Akola and Balapur talukas are affected by inland salinity problem coupled with the problems like drought and water level decline. Wide range of problems were faced during exploratory drilling operations in hard rock areas of Akola district i.e., mainly encountering of caving formation (red bole) and loss of drilling medium. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index In Akola district some of the villages under different talukas are monitored by two different agencies where Fe was monitored by GSDA along with other parameter. Whereas CGWB data excluded Fe in ground water analysis. Due to this non uniformity in monitored data, WQI was estimated considering Fe weightage at respective monitoring station. Out of 14, 13 talukas were monitored for 41 villages. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.6 gives the water quality index of ground water for Ahmednagar district.
6-21
Akola: The overall water quality of the taluka was of poor type in all the three years. The high concentrations of TDS, hardness, Mg, nitrate and sulphate ions affect to the water quality as observed from the descriptive statistic. They exceeded the permissible limit in 20-40% samples for TDS, 17-60% for TH and Mg and 30-78% for nitrate. The water quality indices show that water quality varied from good to unsuitable for drinking. However, the overall water quality of the taluka was of poor type in all the three years even when concentration of iron was considered in the evaluation of WQI. The excess level of inorganic pollutant could be due to over applications of fertilizers in farms along with natural weathering of limestone and calcium bearing minerals. Akot: As observed from the descriptive statistics of this taluka, TDS exceeded the permissible limit in 18-50%, similarly TH in 35-50%, Mg in 40-53% and nitrate in 40-100% samples. So the effect of this was seen on the water quality of this taluka. The WQI calculated for the villages Patsula and Popatkheda without taking iron into consideration showed that the water quality varied from good to poor type and the overall water quality of the taluka was poor. However, when iron was considered for WQI for other villages of this taluka, the water quality varied from excellent to unsuitable for drinking but the overall quality of ground water in the taluka was poor. Balapur: The major cause of poor water quality, as seen from the descriptive statistics, could be the hardness and nitrate exceeding the permissible limit in 20-50% and 40-88% samples respectively. The WQI evaluated for the Babulkhed, Ural, Wadegaon and Wyala villages without taking iron into consideration showed that the water quality varied from good to very poor type and the overall water quality of the taluka was poor. However, when iron was considered for WQI for other villages of this taluka, the water quality varied from good to poor but the overall quality of ground water in the taluka was good in 2007 and 2009 while poor in 2008. Barshi Takli : The descriptive statistics of this taluka showed that the major pollutants of ground water were TDS, hardness, Mg and nitrate as they exceeded the permissible limit in 17100% for nitrate, 17% for pH and TDS and 14-33% for hardness and Mg samples in the three years’ time period. WQI evaluated for the Barshi Takli and Pinjar villages without taking iron into consideration showed that the water quality was good so the overall water quality of the taluka was also good. However, when iron was considered for WQI for other villages of this taluka, the water quality varied from good to poor but the overall quality of ground water in the taluka was good in 2007 and 2009 while poor in 2008.
6-22
Murtizapur: All villages in this taluka, showed exceedance of TDS ranging from 17-50%, similarly total hardness, magnesium and calcium values were exceeding in 33-100% of the samples which could be due to some natural presence of magnesium and calcium based minerals in groundwater. In case of nitrate, percent exceedance was in the rage of 29-67%. Murtizapur and Rasalpur villages of this taluka, WQI without considering iron indicated that the water quality varied from poor to very poor. However, for other villages where iron was considered for WQI, the overall water quality of the taluka was of poor type. Patur: In Patrur taluka most of the ground water parameters were found to be less than desirable limit of BIS standard. The WQI evaluated for the villages Chani and Patur without taking iron into consideration showed that the water quality was good so the overall water quality of the taluka was also good. Also, when iron was considered for WQI for other villages of this taluka, the water quality was good. Telhara: From the standards comparison it was observed that some of the parameters showed percent exceedance in the range of 20-50% during three years. In this taluka, monitoring of Telhara village was done for the year 2007 only without iron into consideration and the WQI evaluation showed that the water quality was poor. However, other villages were monitored considering iron also and the WQI evaluation showed that the water quality varied from good to poor but the overall water quality of the taluka was good in 2009 and poor in 2007-08. Table 6.6 : WQI for Ground Water of Akola District Taluka 2007
2008
2009
Akola (With Out Fe)
WQI
Category
142
PW
174
PW
122
PW
Village Akola Andura Borgaon Manju Kapsi Kurankhed Malkapur Akola Borgaon Manju Kurankhed Malkapur Kudwa Andural1 Borgaon Manju Kurankhed
Well No. T/AK-023 T/AK-042 T/AK-013 T/AK-011 T/AK-012 T/AK-022 T/AK-023 T/AK-013 T/AK-012 T/AK-022 T/AK-042 T/AK-042 T/AK-013 T/AK-012
WQI 216 174 55 88 193 126 246 85 197 143 197 126 116 124
Category VPW PW GW GW PW PW VPW GW PW PW PW PW PW PW
6-23
Table 6.6 (Contd..) : WQI for Ground Water of Akola District Taluka
WQI
Category
147
PW
152
PW
129
PW
2007
2008 Akola (With Fe)
2009
Village Agar Babulgaon Badlapur Chikhalgaon Tamaswadi Kanshivani Kapileshwar Katyar Mhispur Palso Bk Shivar Shivni Ugwa Wadad Agar Akola Apatapa Babulgaon Badlapur Chikhalgaon Dhamna Jawala Bk Kati Katyar Mhaisang Palso Bk Shivni Shivar Ugwa Wadad Wanirambhapur Agar Akola Apatapa Babulgaon Badlapur Dhamna Tamaswadi Kanshivani Kapileshwar
Well No. AKOBW001 AKOBW004 AKOBW005 4AKOBW006 AWQN003 AKOBW009 AKWQN006 AKWQN001 AKOBW012 AKWQN013 AKWQN016 AKWQN015 AKOBW014 AKWQN007 AKOBW001 AKWQN004 AKOBW003 AKOBW004 AKOBW005 4AKOBW006 AKWQN012 AKOBW008 AKWQN09 AKWQN001 AKOBW011 AKWQN013 AKWQN015 AKWQN016 AKOBW014 AKWQN007 AKPZ003 AKOBW001 AKWQN004 AKOBW003 AKOBW004 AKOBW005 AKWQN012 AWQN003 AKOBW009 AKWQN006
WQI 483 101 119 145 172 52 146 218 76 108 96 92 79 168 381 192 113 79 216 99 138 59 275 162 116 333 78 116 126 60 47 133 189 216 85 119 117 171 76 76
Category UNSUT PW PW PW PW GW PW VPW GW PW GW GW GW PW UNSUT PW PW GW VPW GW PW GW VPW PW PW UNSUT GW PW PW GW EXLT PW PW VPW GW PW PW PW GW GW
6-24
Table 6.6 (Contd..) : WQI for Ground Water of Akola District Taluka Akola
WQI 129
Category PW
186
PW
171
PW
175
PW
2009 (With Fe)
2007 2008
Akot (With Out Fe)
2009
2007
182
PW
172
PW
Akot (With Fe)
2008
Village Kati Katyar Mhaisang Palso Bk Rohana Shivar Shivni Ugwa Wanirambhapur Patsul Popetkheda Patsul Popet Kheda Patsul Popatkheda Akolkhed Akot Deori Devarda Girijapur Hilaladad Kutasa Mundgaon Palsad Parala Patsul Popatkhed Ruikhed Sawara Shahanur Girijapur Kinkhed Kutasa Palsad Patsul Popatkhed Sawara Akolkhed Akolkhed Akot Deori Devarda Hilaladad Mundgaon Ruikhed Shahanur
Well No. AKWQN09 AKWQN001 AKOBW011 AKWQN013 AKWQN011 AKWQN016 AKWQN015 AKOBW014 AKPZ003 T/AK-008 T/AK-040 T/AK-008 T/AK-021 T/AK-008 T/AK-040 AKOBW013 AKOBW021 AKWQN014 AKWQN019 TS-18 AKWQN017 AKOBW025 AKOBW026 TS11 AKWQN021 AKWQN022 AKOBW028 AKOBW029 AKOBW031 AKOBW019 TS-18 AKWQN018 AKOBW025 TS11 AKWQN022 AKOBW028 AKOBW031 AKOBW013 AKOBW013 AKOBW021 AKWQN014 AKWQN019 AKWQN017 AKOBW026 AKOBW029 AKOBW019
WQI 81 243 144 83 82 114 103 241 45 308 64 272 70 273 78 47 98 241 393 230 530 135 95 232 345 187 45 40 80 37 103 445 61 299 224 61 77 92 92 98 250 382 258 166 70 69
Category GW VPW PW GW GW PW PW VPW EXLT UNSUT GW VPW GW VPW GW EXLT GW VPW UNSUT VPW UNSUT PW GW VPW UNSUT PW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT PW UNSUT GW VPW VPW GW GW GW GW GW VPW UNSUT VPW PW GW GW
6-25
Table 6.6 (Contd..) : WQI for Ground Water of Akola District Taluka
2009
Akot (With Fe)
WQI
115
Category
PW
177
PW
151
PW
2009
166
PW
2007
80
GW
158
PW
2007 Balapur
2008
(With Out Fe)
Balapur (With Fe) 2008
Village Akolkhed Akot Deori Devarda Girijapur Hilaladad Kinkhed Mundgaon Palsad Parala Patsul Popatkhed Ruikhed Sawara Shahanur Takli Bk Wadalisatwai Babulkhed Ural Wadegaon Wyala Babulkhed Ural Wadegaon Wyala Babulkhed Ural Wadegaon Wyala Balapur Batwadi Kolasa Nakashi Wadegaon Batwadi Balapur Gaigaon Kazikhed Lohara Nakashi Wadegaon
Well No. AKOBW013 BS18 AKWQN014 AKWQN019 TS-18 AKWQN017 AKWQN018 AKOBW026 TS11 AKWQN021 AKWQN022 AKOBW028 AKOBW029 AKOBW031 AKOBW019 AKWQN023 AKPZ004 T/AK-007 T/AK-024 T/AK-010 G/AK-017 T/AK-007 T/AK-024 T/AK-010 G/AK-017 T/AK-007 T/AK-024 T/AK-010 G/AK-017 AKWQN062 AKOBW063 AKWQN005 AKOBW069 AKOBW073 AKOBW063 AKWQN062 AKOBW064 TS-21 AKOBW067 AKOBW069 AKOBW073
WQI 94 104 77 99 237 135 67 126 183 188 98 39 67 149 48 176 64 87 159 269 193 93 124 253 133 92 135 317 122 66 91 73 92 79 86 66 162 206 403 90 95
Category GW PW GW GW VPW PW GW PW PW PW GW EXLT GW PW EXLT PW GW GW PW VPW PW GW PW VPW PW GW PW UNSUT PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW VPW UNSUT GW GW
6-26
Table 6.6 (Contd..) : WQI for Ground Water of Akola District Taluka 2009
Balapur (With Fe)
WQI 97
Category GW
80
GW
84
GW
73
GW
2007
84
GW
2008
152
PW
112
PW
297
VPW
149
PW
2007 2008 2009
Barshi Takli (With Out Fe)
Barshi-takli (With Fe)
2009
2007 2008 2007
Murtizapur (With Out Fe) Murtizapur (With Fe)
179 PW
Village Balapur Batwadi Gaigaon Kazikhed Kolasa Lohara Paras Wadegaon Barshi Takli Pinjar Barshi Takli Pinjar Barshi Takli Pinjar Dhaba Hatola Kajaleshwar Kasarkhed Pinjar Rahit Dhaba Hatola Kajaleshwar Kasarkhed Pinjar Rahit Dhaba Gorwa Hatola Kajaleshwar Kasarkhed Pinjar Rahit Murtizapur Rasulpur Murtizapur
Well No. AKWQN062 AKOBW063 AKOBW064 TS-21 AKWQN005 AKOBW067 AKOBW071 AKOBW073 T/AK-014 G/AK-016 T/AK-014 G/AK-016 T/AK-014 G/AK-016 AKOBW052 AKOBW054 AKOBW055 AKOBW058 AKPZ006 AKOBW060 AKOBW052 AKOBW054 AKOBW055 AKOBW058 AKPZ006 AKOBW060 AKOBW052 AKOBW053 BS33 AKOBW055 AKOBW058 AKPZ006 AKOBW060 T/AK-002 T/AK-019 T/AK-002
WQI 98 82 106 121 89 114 72 89 66 95 59 108 58 89 87 54 77 62 139 87 66 90 98 63 222 374 90 98 91 77 74 92 262 111 484 149
Dapura Kawatha Kinkhed Kolsara Mana Murtijapur Sirso
TS-22 TS-24 AKOBW030 AKWQN003 AKOBW033 AKOBW034 AKOBW036
237 149 382 140 118 112 113
Category GW GW PW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW VPW UNSUT GW GW GW GW GW GW VPW PW UNSUT PW VPW PW UNSUT PW PW PW PW
6-27
Table 6.6 (Contd..) : WQI for Ground Water of Akola District Taluka 2008
WQI
Category
162
PW
133
PW
Murtizapur (With Fe)
2009
71
GW
62
GW
2009
73
GW
2007
75
GW
83
GW
2007 2008
Patur (With Out Fe)
Patur (With Fe)
2008
Village Kinkhed Dapura Kawatha Kinkhed Kolsara Madhapuri Mana Murtijapur Shelu Bazar Sirso Sonari Bopari Yendli Dapura Kawatha Kinkhed Kolsara Madhapuri Mana Shelu Bazar Sonari Bopari Yendli Chani Patur Chani Patur Chani Patur Chatari Chikhalwal Digras Kh Khetri Lavkhed Patur Pimpalkhuta Sawargaon Chatari Chikhalwal Digras Kh Khetri Lavkhed Patur Sawarkhed
Well No. AKOBW030 TS-22 TS-24 AKOBW030 AKWQN003 AKOBW032 AKOBW033 AKOBW034 AKOBW035 AKOBW036 AKOBW037 BS-38 TS-22 TS-24 AKOBW030 AKWQN003 AKOBW032 AKOBW033 AKOBW035 AKOBW037 BS-38 G/AK-018 T/AK-005 G/AK-018 T/AK-005 G/AK-018 T/AK-005 BS-48 BS-50 BS-51 BS-49 AKOBW056 BS-52 TS-25 AKOBW059 BS-48 BS-50 BS-51 BS-49 AKOBW056 BS-52 BS-55
WQI 659 312 133 76 71 62 106 103 76 155 134 58 81 125 245 248 45 90 93 153 117 71 72 68 56 70 77 75 67 107 64 95 76 61 56 50 104 112 55 93 75 91
Category UNSUT UNSUT PW GW GW GW PW PW GW PW PW GW GW PW VPW VPW EXLT GW GW PW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT PW PW GW GW GW GW
6-28
Table 6.6 (Contd..) : WQI for Ground Water of Akola District
2009
2007 2007
Taluka Patur (With Fe)
Telhara (With Out Fe)
2008
WQI
Category
77
GW
187 125
PW PW
179
PW
Telhara (With Fe)
2009
92
GW
Village Chatari Chikhalwal Digras Kh Khetri Lavkhed Patur Pimpalkhuta Sawargaon Sawarkhed
Well No. BS-48 BS-50 BS-51 BS-49 BS-53 BS-52 TS-25 AKOBW059 BS-55
WQI 89 65 84 52 102 88 90 70 49
Category GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW EXLT
Telhara Adsul Hingani Bk Danapur Adsul Hingani Bk Panchagavan Thar Wadi Adampur Wangargaon Adsul Danapur Hingani Bk Panchagavan Thar Wadi Adampur Wangargaon Wari Warkhed
T/AK-006 AKOBW074 TS-27 BS-58 AKOBW074 TS-27 BS-57 BS-56
187 190 61 99 223 65 484 58
PW PW GW GW VPW GW UNSUT GW
BS-59 AKOBW079 AKOBW074 BS-58 TS-27 BS-57 BS-56
100 220 155 102 70 57 48
GW VPW PW PW GW GW EXLT
BS-59 AKOBW079 AKOBW080
108 143 57
PW PW GW
From three years ground water quality, it was found that Barshi Takli and Patur where water quality was good; however, the villages namely Wanirambhapur, Akolkhed, Popatkhed, Ruikhed, Shahanpur, Madhapuri, Chatari, Sawarkhed and Thar had excellent water quality. The other villages where the water quality was unsuitable for drinking are namely Agar, Palso BK, Patsul, Devarda, Hilaldad, Parala, Kinkhed, Wadegaon, Rahit, Rasulpur, Dapura, Panhagavan and Lohara.
6-29
3) Amravati District Amravati District is one of the eleven districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Wardha River forms the eastern boundary of the district. The district can be broadly divided into two physiographic units viz., Melghat Hill range made up of Gawilgarh hills, which are a part of the Satpura hill ranges and plain area of the Paynghat The eastern part of the district falls under Godavari basin and consists of 20 watersheds, whereas the western and north western parts fall in Tapi basin and consists of 23 watersheds. It is situated in the northern part of the State. The total area of the district is 12210 sq. km. The major part of the district comes under Purna-Tapi and Wardha River basins. The important rivers flowing through the district are Tapi, Purna, Wardha, Pedhi and Chandrabhaga. General Information: Geographical Area: 12210 sq. km Taluka-13; Amravati, Morshi, Warud, Tiwsa, Chandur Railway, Nandgaon (Kh), Bhatkuli, Daryapur, Anjangaon, Dharni, Chikhaldhara, Achalpur, Chandur Bazar Villages: 1698 Population: 26,06,063 Soil Type: Medium to deep black soil and deep brown to red soil (Regur) Annual Rainfall : 700 to 1700 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Basalt (Deccan Traps) Turonian: Lameta Beds, Upper Carboniferous - Permian: Gondwana Archean: Metamorphics (Gneisses /Granites)
Major Ground water problems and issues: Drought area has been observed in south-western parts of the district. Deeper water levels of more than 20m below ground level are also observed in small isolated areas in parts of Achalapur, Chandur Bazar talukas, in central part of the district and in part of Chandur Railway in southern part of the district. The areas of Purna River Alluvium covering southern parts of Anjangaon and Achalpur talukas and entire Daryapur taluka are affected by inland salinity problem.
6-30
Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index In all 159 villages in talukas of Amravati monitoring was carried out by two different agencies where Fe was monitored by GSDA along with other parameter. Whereas CGWB data excluded Fe in ground water analysis. Due to this non uniformity in monitored data, WQI was estimated considering Fe weightage at respective monitoring station. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.7 gives the water quality index of ground water for Amravati district. In this district, the poor or unsuitable water quality was observed which could be due to high exceedance with respect to hardness, Ca, Mg and nitrate levels as seen in the descriptive stastistics. Achalpur: The WQI evaluated for the villages Devgaon, Nimbhari and Pathrot without taking iron into consideration showed that the water quality was good in 2007 and poor in 2009. However, when iron was considered for WQI for Chaushala village of this taluka, the water quality was poor. Amravati : In this taluka some villages without taking iron values showed that the water quality varied from good to unsuitable for drinking but the overall water quality of the taluka was poor in 2007 and very poor in 2008-09. However, when iron was considered in WQI calculations, it was observed that villages viz. Mogra, Pohra, Pimpalvihar, Nandgaon, Revsa and Wagholi had good water quality. Anjangaon Surji: The water quality indices evaluated for Kolkaz village of Anjangaon taluka without taking iron into consideration showed that the water quality was excellent during all three years. However, when iron was considered, the WQI of Anjangaon Surji, Samsherpur Kh., Bhandaraj and Karla villages of this taluka indicated the water quality was good in 2007 and 2009. Bhatkuli : The WQI evaluated for Bhatkulijain without taking iron into consideration showed that the water quality was poor in 2007-08 and very poor in 2009. However, when iron was considered for WQI for other villages of this taluka, the water quality was found to be poor in all three years. Chandur Bazar : The WQI evaluated for Belora, Chandur Bazar and Kurha villages without taking iron into consideration showed that the water quality was good during all three years. However, when iron was considered for evaluating WQI of other villages of this taluka, the overall water quality of this taluka was poor in 2007, good in 2008 and excellent in 2009.
6-31
Chandur railway taluka: The WQI evaluated for Anjansingi, Chandur Railway and Shendurjana villages without taking iron into consideration showed that the overall water quality was poor during all three years. However, with respect to iron, WQI of other villages of this taluka, the overall water quality was poor in 2007 and good in 2008-09. Chikhaldara : The WQI evaluated for Barukheda, Mahuli, Silona and Hatru villages without taking iron in account showed that the overall water quality was good during all three years and was excellent for Silona village in 2008-09. However, with respect to iron, WQI of other villages showed that the water quality was poor in 2008 and good in 2007 and 2009. Daryapur: In the Daryapur and Wadner Gangai villages of this taluka the overall water quality was very poor in 2007-08 and unsuitable in 2009 when calculated without accounting iron. However, when iron was considered for evaluating WQI of other villages of this taluka, it was observed that the water quality varied from good to poor but the overall water quality was poor during all three years. Dhamangaon railway: The WQI evaluated for Asegaon, Borgaon Dhan and Titamba villages taking iron into consideration showed that the water quality varied from excellent to poor. However, the overall water quality of the taluka was good in 2007 and 2009 while it was poor in 2008. Dharni taluka: The WQI of Bhokarbardi, Harisal and Lawada showed that the water quality varied from excellent to good in all three years. Morshi: In Morshi taluka the overall water quality was poor in 2007-09, but while considering Fe for WQI calculation it was good in 2009. Nandgaon Khandeshwar : Shivni village of this taluka showed overall water quality was poor in all three years. Whereas, with respect to iron WQI was found to be good in 2007 and poor during 2008-09. Tiwasa: The WQI for Sawarkheda and Teosa villages varied from good to poor in all three years. Warud taluka: Villages of Warud taluka showed that the overall water quality was poor in 2008 but good in 2007 and 2009. However, when iron was considered the quality was found to be good in 2007 and 2009.
6-32
Table 6.7 : WQI of Ground Water of Amravati District Taluka Achalpur (With Out Fe)
WQI 64 127
Category GW PW
Achalpur (With Fe)
151
PW
161
PW
2008
219
VPW
2009
207
VPW
80
GW
2007 2008
2007
2007
Amravati (With Out Fe)
2007
Amravati (With Fe)
Village Devgaon Devgaon Nimbhari Pathrot Chaushala
Well No. G/AV-031 G/AV-031 T/AV-100 T/AV-103 AMTOBW060
WQI 64 64 159 158 151
Category GW GW PW PW PW
Badnera Loni Nandgaon Pimpri Pohra Walgaon Arao Behali Chinkhedi Dargarh Kher Saiwada Sindola Badnera Loni Nandgaon Pimpri Pohra Walgaon Arao Behali Dargarh Kher Saiwada Sindola Badnera Loni Nandgaon Pimpri Pohra Walgaon Arao Chinkhedi Kher Sindola Mogra Pohra
T/AV-072 G/AV-061 G/AV-029 G/AV-044 G/AV-016 T/AV-005 T/AV-025 T/AV-035 T/AV-034 T/AV-037 G/AV-049 G/AV-043 G/AV-014 T/AV-072 G/AV-061 G/AV-029 G/AV-044 G/AV-016 T/AV-005 T/AV-025 T/AV-035 T/AV-037 G/AV-049 G/AV-043 G/AV-014 T/AV-072 G/AV-061 G/AV-029 G/AV-044 G/AV-016 T/AV-005 T/AV-025 T/AV-034 G/AV-049 G/AV-014 AMTOBW167 AMTOBW164
119 178 114 50 94 218 45 56 44 73 698 123 279 128 149 92 55 74 218 47 65 73 1247 153 333 108 150 105 74 74 150 44 44 1017 307 77 83
PW PW PW EXLT GW VPW EXLT GW EXLT GW UNSUT PW VPW PW PW GW GW GW VPW EXLT GW GW UNSUT PW UNSUT PW PW PW GW GW PW EXLT EXLT UNSUT UNSUT GW GW
6-33
Table 6.7 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Amravati District Taluka 2008
WQI
Category
71
GW
76 39 43 39
GW EXLT EXLT EXLT
91
GW
84
GW
172 172 215
PW PW VPW
Amravati (With Fe)
2009 2007 2008 2009 2007
Anjangaon (With Out Fe) Anjangaon (With Fe)
2009
2007 2008 2009
2007
2008
Bhatkuli (With Out Fe)
Bhatkuli (With Fe)
141
PW
152
PW
Village Pimpalvihir Pohra Nandgaon Revsa Wagholi Amla Kolkaz Kolkaz Kolkaz Anjangaon Surji Samsherpur Kh. Anjangaon Surji Bhandaraj Karla Samsherpur Kh. Bhatkulijain Bhatkulijain Bhatkulijain
Well No. AMTOBW136 AMTOBW164 AMTOBW092 AMTOBW091 AMTOBW093 AMTOBW077 T/AV-069 T/AV-069 T/AV-069 AMTOBW095 AMTOBW072 AMTOBW095 AMTOBW098 AMTPZ018 AMTOBW072 G/AV-065 G/AV-065 G/AV-065
Bhatkuli Ganori Gaurkheda Khar Talegaon Nimbhora Bk. Sayat Nimbha Wasewadi Daryabad Deori Jalka Hirapur Kholapur Takarkheda
AMTOBW083 AMTOBW085 AMTTS8 AMTOBW079 AMTOBW088 AMTOBW084 AMTOBW080 AMTTS7 AMTTS4 AMTTS1 AMTTS9 AMTTS2 AMTOBW078
Bhatkuli Ganori Khar Talegaon Nimbhora Bk. Nimbha Sayat Takarkheda
AMTOBW083 AMTOBW085 AMTOBW079 AMTOBW088 AMTOBW080 AMTOBW084 AMTOBW078
WQI 103 51 92 53 56 76 39 43 39 56 126 96 57 47 135 172 172 215 135 161 104 188 171 103 121 126 141 92 132 295 61 108 218 56 131 102 323 167
Category PW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW PW GW GW EXLT PW PW PW VPW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW GW PW VPW GW PW VPW GW PW PW UNSUT PW
6-34
Table 6.7 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Amravati District Taluka
WQI
Category
143
PW
84
GW
98
GW
2009
78
GW
2007
106
PW
57
GW
45
EXLT
2009
Bhatkuli (With Fe)
2007
2008
2008
Chandur Bazar (With Out Fe)
Chandur Bazaar (With Fe)
2009 2007
2008
2009
120
Chandur Railway (With Out Fe)
118
112
PW
PW
PW
Village Ganori Nimbha Nimbhora Bk. Sayat Khar Talegaon Daryabad Ganori Gaurkheda Nimbhora Bk. Takarkheda Wasewadi Bhatkuli Jalka Hirapur Khar Talegaon Sayat Belora Chandur Bazar Kurha Belora Chandur Bazar Kurha Wishroli Belora Chandur Bazar Kurha Wishroli Surali Vishroli Surali Borgaon Mohna Ghatladki Surali Vishroli Ghatladki Vishroli Anjansingi Chandur Railway Shendurjana Khurd Anjansingi Chandur Railway Shendurjana Khurd Anjansingi Chandur Railway Shendurjana Khurd
Well No. AMTOBW085 AMTOBW080 AMTOBW088 AMTOBW084 AMTOBW079 AMTTS4 AMTOBW085 AMTTS8 AMTOBW088 AMTOBW078 AMTTS7 AMTOBW083 AMTTS9 AMTOBW079 AMTOBW084 T/AV-027 T/AV-008 G/AV-018 T/AV-027 T/AV-008 G/AV-018 T/AV-096 T/AV-027 T/AV-008 G/AV-018 T/AV-096 AMTOBW024 AMTOBW054 AMTOBW024 AMTOBW044 AMTOBW171 AMTOBW024 AMTOBW054 AMTOBW171 AMTOBW054 G/AV-063 G/AV-020
WQI 167 145 127 293 123 94 124 65 68 84 92 191 187 303 96 86 87 81 120 89 86 97 87 81 81 81 58 188 72 58 54 52 62 52 39 160 123
Category PW PW PW VPW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW PW PW UNSUT GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT PW PW
G/AV-006 G/AV-063 G/AV-020
77 163 117
GW PW PW
G/AV-006 G/AV-063 G/AV-020
75 152 112
GW PW PW
G/AV-006
72
GW
6-35
Table 6.7 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Amravati District Taluka
WQI 126
Category PW
69
GW
2009
73
GW
2007
69
GW
72
GW
2009
60
GW
2007
65
GW
149 51
PW GW
2007
2008
2008
Chandur Railway (With Fe)
Chikhaldara (With Out Fe)
Chikhaldara (With Fe) 2008 2009
Village Amla (V) Kavatha Kadu Baggi Kharabi Chandur Railway Amla (V) Baggi Kavatha Kadu Kirjawla Shendurjana Kh. Baggi Chandur Railway Kavatha Kadu Kirjawla Shendurjana Kh. Barukheda Mahuli Silona Barukheda Hatru Mahuli Silona Barukheda Hatru Mahuli Silona Adhav Barukheda Biba Chunkhadi Dhargad Kelpani Semadoh Borala Bartanda Adhav Biba Charni Chunkhadi Dhargad Semadoh Barukheda Borala Barukheda Biba Chunkhadi Dhargad Semadoh Charni
Well No. AMTOBW128 AMTOBW168 AMTOBW166 AMTOBW069 AMTOBW165 AMTOBW128 AMTOBW166 AMTOBW168 AMTOBW170 AMTOBW158 AMTOBW166 AMTOBW165 AMTOBW168 AMTOBW170 AMTOBW158 T/AV-038 G/AV-002 T/AV-012 T/AV-038 T/AV-024 G/AV-002 T/AV-012 T/AV-038 T/AV-024 G/AV-002 T/AV-012 AMTOBW021 AMTOB057 AMTOBW03 AMTOBW030 AMTPZ008 AMTBS101 AMTOBW038 AMTOBW061 AMTPZ01 AMTOBW021 AMTOBW03 AMTPZ006 AMTOBW030 AMTPZ008 AMTOBW038 AMTOB057 AMTOBW061 AMTOB057 AMTOBW03 AMTOBW030 AMTPZ008 AMTOBW038 AMTPZ006
WQI 129 108 193 149 51 68 43 77 95 62 42 88 89 83 65 53 98 58 70 65 107 46 65 57 70 48 45 86 64 41 66 111 44 62 149 49 54 53 48 37 46 62 54 47 69 56 51 38 51
Category PW PW PW PW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW EXLT GW GW GW EXLT EXLT GW GW EXLT GW PW EXLT GW PW EXLT GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW EXLT GW GW GW EXLT GW
6-36
Table 6.7 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Amravati District WQI 275
Category VPW
300
VPW
2009 2007
332 127
UNSUT PW
2008
124
PW
2009
108
PW
2007
91
GW
60
GW
65
GW
67
GW
2007 2008
Taluka Daryapur (With Out Fe)
Daryapur (With Fe)
2008
2009
2007
Dharni (With Out Fe)
Dharni (With Fe)
Village Daryapur Wadner Gangai Daryapur Wadner Gangai Wadner Gangai Itki Chndicapur Wadnergangai Daryapur Nalwada Shinganapur Tongalabad Chndicapur Daryapur Wadnergangai Mahimpur Takali Daryapur Itki Thillori Nalwada Shinganapur Wadnergangai Shiwar Kh Mahimpur Amla Chndicapur Ahmadapur Bhokarbardi Harisal Lawada Dharni Harisal Lawada Dharni Harisal Lawada Bhokarbardi Dhulghat Road Diya Ranpisa Baru Bhandum Chandpur Patiya Sonarbardi Gangarkhed Harisal Khongda Kutanga
Well No. T/AV-009 T/AV-102 T/AV-009 T/AV-102 T/AV-102 AMTPZ017 AMTTS10 AMTOBW099 AMTOBW065 AMTOBW071 AMTOBW045 AMTTS11 AMTTS10 AMTOBW065 AMTOBW099 AMTOBW046 AMTTS13 AMTOBW065 AMTPZ017 AMTPZ020 AMTOBW071 AMTOBW045 AMTOBW099 AMTTS19 AMTOBW046 AMTTS24 AMTTS10 AMTOBW047 T/AV-039 T/AV-011 T/AV-070 T/AV-010 T/AV-011 T/AV-070 T/AV-010 T/AV-011 T/AV-070 AMTOBW019 AMTOBW018 AMTOBW031 AMTOBW011 AMTOBW017 AMTOBW023 AMTBS95 AMTOBW034 AMTOBW075 AMTOBW059 AMTOBW037 AMTOBW040 AMTOBW07
WQI 140 410 94 505 332 146 83 241 40 89 88 131 142 168 164 78 135 80 71 126 153 64 117 220 103 57 100 93 163 65 44 73 67 39 80 62 52 125 58 49 51 86 93 59 68 58 46 70 46 59
Category PW UNSUT GW UNSUT UNSUT PW GW VPW EXLT GW GW PW PW PW PW GW PW GW GW PW PW GW PW VPW PW GW GW GW PW GW EXLT GW GW EXLT GW GW GW PW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW EXLT GW
6-37
Table 6.7 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Amravati District WQI
Category
61
GW
91
GW
145 63
PW GW
2007
187
PW
2008
183
PW
137
PW
2009
2007 2008 2009
Taluka Dharni (With Fe)
Dhamangaon Railway (With Fe)
Morshi (Without Fe)
2009
Village Bhandum Bori Khongda Baru Malkapur Ranpisa Bhokarbardi Chinchghat Dharni Dhulghat Rly. Dhulghat Road Sonarbardi Diya Gobarkhau Harisal Patiya
Well No. AMTOBW023 AMTOBW094 AMTOBW040 AMTOBW017 AMTOBW058 AMTOBW011 AMTOBW019 AMTPZ010 AMTOBW016 AMTOBW014 AMTOBW018 AMTOBW075 AMTOBW031 AMTOBW035 AMTOBW037 AMTOBW034
WQI 38 61 59 53 46 40 106 72 76 37 73 61 68 45 67 67
Category EXLT GW GW GW EXLT EXLT PW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW EXLT GW GW
Kutanga Asegaon Borgaon Dhan. Borgaon Dhan. Asegaon Borgaon Dhan. Titamba Ambada Ashtagaon Chicholi Hiwarkheda Khanapur Pala Rithpur Ambada Ashtagaon Chicholi Dapori Hiwarkheda Khanapur Morshi new Pala Rithpur Ashtagaon Chicholi Dapori Hiwarkheda Khanapur Morshi New Pala Rithpur
AMTOBW07 AMTOBW144 AMTOBW142 AMTOBW142 AMTOBW144 AMTOBW142 AMTOBW020 G/AV-046 G/AV-042 G/AV-040 G/AV-057 G/AV-041 G/AV-053 T/AV-036 G/AV-046 G/AV-042 G/AV-040 T/AV-097 G/AV-057 G/AV-041 T/AV-105 G/AV-053 T/AV-036 G/AV-042 G/AV-040 T/AV-097 G/AV-057 G/AV-041 T/AV-105 G/AV-053 T/AV-036
69 77 106 145 50 93 45 153 111 176 122 191 260 297 162 190 169 138 149 343 58 153 286 119 110 125 109 142 58 162 274
GW GW PW PW EXLT GW EXLT PW PW PW PW PW VPW VPW PW PW PW PW PW UNSUT GW PW VPW PW PW PW PW PW GW PW VPW
6-38
Table 6.7 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Amravati District Taluka
WQI
Category
130
PW
2008
108
PW
2009
69
GW
2007
Morshi (With Fe)
2007 2008 2009
Nandgaon Khandeshwar (Without Fe)
190 185 116
PW PW PW
2007
Nandgaon Khandeshwar (With Fe)
99
GW
Village Yerla Dhanora Hiwarkhed Kamalpur Morshi Khanapur Nershipur Pala Pimpalkhuta Hiwarkhed Riddhapur Yerla Chikhalsawangi Chincholi Gavali Pardi Umarkhed Riddhapur Dapori Dhanora Yerla Khanapur Dapori Dhanora Pimpalkhuta Khanapur Umarkhed Nershipur Chikhalsawangi Chincholi Gavali Pala Riddhapur Vishnora Yerla Kamalpur Shivni Shivni Shivni Hivara Bk. Mahuli Chor Shivani Ra. Nandgaon Khandeshwar Pimpalgaon Ipani Pimpri Nipani Hivara Murade
Well No. AMTOBW121 AMTOBW126 AMTT1 AMTOBW131 AMTOBW123 AMTOBW124 AMTT2 AMT127 AMTPZ032 AMTT1 AMTBS71 AMTOBW121 AMT125 AMTBS60 AMTOBW122 AMTOBW130 AMTBS71 AMTOBW125 AMTOBW126 AMTOBW121 AMTOBW124 AMTOBW125 AMTOBW126 AMTPZ032 AMTOBW124 AMTOBW130 AMTT2 AMT125 AMTBS60 AMT127 AMTBS71 AMTOBW172 AMTOBW121 AMTOBW131 T/AV-104 T/AV-104 T/AV-104 AMTOBW087 AMTPZ004 AMTPZ005
WQI 183 137 80 178 168 166 59 105 83 65 175 304 95 134 81 61 156 48 143 151 41 46 60 52 76 42 35 44 64 85 110 38 84 154 190 185 116 61 151 88
AMTOBW159 AMTOBW156 AMTOBW150 AMTOBW151
132 87 117 58
Category PW PW GW PW PW PW GW PW GW GW PW UNSUT GW PW GW GW PW EXLT PW PW EXLT EXLT GW GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW PW EXLT GW PW PW PW PW GW PW GW PW GW PW GW
6-39
Table 6.7 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Amravati District Taluka 2008
2009
Nandgaon Khandeshwar (With Fe)
2007
WQI
Category
109
PW
101
PW
102
PW
101
PW
2009
100
PW
2007
109
PW
96
GW
91
GW
2008
2008
Tiwasa (Without Fe)
Tiwasa (With Fe)
2009
2007
100
GW
Warud (Without Fe)
2008
130
PW
Village Pimpri Nipani Hivara Bk. Jalu Onkarkheda Hivara Murade Nandgaon Khandeshwar Pimpri Nipani Hivara Bk. Jalu Hivara Murade Mahuli Chor Nandgaon Khandeshwar Onkarkheda Pimpalgaon Ipani Sawarkheda Teosa Sawarkheda Teosa Sawarkheda Teosa Anjangaon Singhi Mangarul Dastgir Tiwasa Bharwadi Anjangaon Singhi Bharwadi Mangarul Dastgir Tiwasa Tiwasa Anjangaon Singhi Bharwadi Gadegaon Jamgaon (via Khadka) Tembhurkheda Wadgaon (Fattepur) Warud Gadegaon Jamgaon (via Khadka) Temburkheda Wadgaon (Fattepur) Warud
Well No. AMTOBW150 AMTOBW087 AMTOBW147 AMTOBW160 AMTOBW151
WQI 84 98 76 50 90
Category GW GW GW EXLT GW
AMTOBW159 AMTOBW150 AMTOBW087 AMTOBW147 AMTOBW151 AMTPZ004
257 164 79 93 68 101
VPW PW GW GW GW PW
AMTOBW159 AMTOBW160 AMTOBW156 G/AV-028 G/AV-030 G/AV-028 G/AV-030 G/AV-028 G/AV-030
97 110 94 59 145 82 120 67 134
GW PW GW GW PW GW PW GW PW
AMTOBW139 AMPZ001 AMTPZ033 AMTPZ034
79 167 94 94
GW PW GW GW
AMTOBW139 AMTPZ034 AMPZ001 AMTPZ033 AMTPZ033
57 56 144 128 90
GW GW PW PW GW
AMTOBW139 AMTPZ034 T/AV-099
105 76 92
PW GW GW
G/AV-059 T/AV-098
49 125
EXLT PW
T/AV-073 G/AV-004 T/AV-099
110 123 113
PW PW PW
G/AV-059 T/AV-098
61 180
GW PW
T/AV-073 G/AV-004
166 129
PW PW
6-40
Table 6.7 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Amravati District 2009
Taluka Warud (Without Fe)
2007
WQI
Category
98
GW
67
GW
77
GW
Warud (With Fe)
2009
Village Gadegaon Jamgaon (via Khadka) Tembhurkheda Warud Ekdara Jamgaon Mangruli Pusla Karajgaon Mahendri Pandhari Shendurjnaghat Wathoda Benoda Jarud Karwar Manakapur Warud Dhaga Wadgaon Benoda Dhaga Jamgaon Mangruli Pandhari Tembhurkheda Wadgaon Ekdara Jarud Wathoda Mahendri Karajgaon Shendurjnaghat
Well No. T/AV-099
WQI 101
G/AV-059 T/AV-098 G/AV-004 AMTT8 AMTOBW119 AMTT7 AMTT5 AMTPZ014 AMTOBW100 AMTOBW101 AMTT6 AMTOBW105 AMTOBW117 AMTPZ027 AMTOBW102 AMTOBW118 AMTOBW12 AMTOBW106 AMTOBW113 AMTOBW117 AMTOBW106 AMTOBW119 AMTT7 AMTOBW101 AMTOBW110 AMTOBW113 AMTT8 AMTPZ027 AMTOBW105 AMTOBW100 AMTPZ014 AMTT6
46 108 135 82 63 68 69 85 41 48 134 78 60 68 48 53 50 54 68 90 64 62 87 69 109 68 52 93 79 75 84 68
Category PW EXLT PW PW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT EXLT PW GW GW GW EXLT GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW
From three years water quality of Amravati district, it was found that water quality located in Anjangaon taluka was excellent with Fe values, whereas villages without Fe concentration showed good WQI. Similarly talukas namely Chandur Bazar, Chikhaldara, Dharni, Amravati and Warud had good water quality. Apart from this remaining villages in respective talukas such as Chandur Railway, Morshi, Nandgaon Khandeshwar, Tiwasa, Achalpur, Bhatkuli and Daryapur showed poor water quality which need a special attention to improve the ground water quality of these locations.
6-41
4) Aurangabad district Aurangabad district is one of the largest districts in Maharashtra, the urban area is around 37.53% as on 2001. The district is divided into two distinct sections: 1) the 'Uplands' to the north- between the basins of the three rivers which take their rise in the higher lands of Takli, Kanhar, and Ajanta and parallel with the course of the rivers, there are flat-topped ranges of hills enclosing valleys of much beauty and fertility. 2) the 'Lowlands' in the valley of the Godavari to the south. The lowland area presents little diversity in its physical aspect, and consists of wide undulating plains to the south, south-east, and west. Aurangabad district is located mainly in the Godavari River Basin and partly in the Tapi Basin. General Information: Geographical Area: 10,100 sq. km Taluka-9; Aurangabad, Paithan, Vaijapur, Gangapur, Khuldabad, Phulambri, Kannad, Sillod, Soegaon Villages: 1581 Population: 28,97,013 Soil Type: There are two kinds of superficial formations: 1) one consisting of upland soil derived from the decomposition of the rocks on the spot, peculiar to the hilly region, and 2) the alluvial soil, deposited by water, belonging to the plains and to the hollows in the valleys of rivers. They are variously composed, according to the rocks from which they are derived, and are sometimes of a heavy rich aluminous character, or consist of a light and fertile loam. Black soils occasionally occur, resting either on calcareous beds or on partially decomposed globular basalt. In the river valleys lower down, a light-brown kankary alluvium is the prevailing soil. The black soil is generally derived from basalt; and its composition and colour vary according to the proportions of iron, lime, magnesia, and the amount of organic matter that it contains. The greyish and brownish varieties, are very absorbent and retentive of moisture, and are exceedingly fertile. Annual Rainfall : 734 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt
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Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 9 talukas of Aurangabad, 15 villages of 8 talukas were monitored by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.8 gives the water quality index of ground water for Aurangabad district. Aurangabad and Kannad : The descriptive statistics showed that nitrate exceeded the permissible limit in all the samples of both the talukas. The water quality indices evaluated for different villages of Aurangabad taluka and for Digar Pishore and Hatur villages of Kannad taluka showed that the overall water quality of these talukas was poor in all the three years. The probable reason for poor water quality could be the nitrogen levels in ground water. The common sources of nitrate could be the nitrogen fixing reactions in the soil, the use of chemicals in farms etc. Khultabad : It was observed from the descriptive statistics of this taluka, that none of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit except nitrate in 2009. Rest all parameters were within the permissible or below desirable limit. The WQI for Khultabad village of Khultabad taluka and for Ajanta and Kajgaon villages of Sillod taluka showed that the water quality was good in all the three years. Paithan: As observed from the descriptive statistics of Paithan taluka, the major problem in the quality of ground water is due to high exceedance of parameters viz. TDS, hardness, Ca, Mg, SO42- and nitrate. In Adul village of Paithan taluka, the higher levels of inorganic pollutants in 2007 and 2009 resulted in water quality that was unsuitable for drinking purpose. So this requires protection of wells from getting contaminated and construction of structures for fresh water recharge and storage. Phulambri and Sillod : The descriptive statistics of Phulambri and Sillod talukas indicated that the major contaminant in ground water was due to excess of nitrate. Chauka and Pathri villages of Phulambari taluka and Ajanta, Kajgaon and Kannad villages of Sillod taluka, the evaluation of water quality indices showed that the water quality was poor. However, the water quality of Chauka village was good in 2008, but the overall water quality of the talukas was poor in 2007 and 2009. The source of nitrate in the soil could be over application of fertilizers in farm, improper agricultural practices.
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Soygaon : Standard comparison shows that all the values were within the permissible limit. The WQI calculated for Fardapur village of Soygaon taluka showed that the water quality was good in 2007 and poor in 2008-09. It indicates that the water needs prior treatment before using for drinking purpose. The probable contaminating sources could be the micro-organisms entering through the contaminated drilling tools and improperly sealed well casing. Vaijapur : The levels of TDS, hardness, Mg, and nitrate exceeded in 50% of the samples during both the years. Rotegaon and Tunki villages were monitored for 2007-2009. WQI indicated that water quality in Rotegaon was good in both the years, whereas for Tunki it was unsuitable for drinking. However, the overall water quality of the taluka was very poor. Table 6.8 : WQI of Ground Water of Aurangabad District Taluka
WQI 143
Category PW
2008
155
PW
2009
129
PW
2007
123
PW
126
PW
107
PW
87 85 82 704 330 137
GW GW GW UNSUT UNSUT PW
2008
92
GW
2009 2007
131 94
PW GW
92 91
GW GW
2007 Aurangabad
2008
Kannad
2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2009 2007
Khultabad Paithan
Phulambri
2008 2009
Sillod
Village Kinnal Walur Tanda Apatgaon Kinnal Walur Tanda Apatgaon Kinnal Walur Tanda Digar Pishore Hatnur Digar Pishore Hatnur Digar Pishore Hatnur Khultabad Khultabad Khultabad Adul Adul Chauka Pathri Chauka Pathri Chauka Ajanta Kaigaon Ajanta Kannad
Well No. G/AU-030 G/AU-018 G/AU-026 G/AU-030 G/AU-018 G/AU-026 G/AU-030 G/AU-018 G/AU-032 G/AU-022 G/AU-032 G/AU-022 G/AU-032 G/AU-022 G/AU-045 G/AU-045 G/AU-045 G/AU-011 G/AU-011 G/AU-024 G/AU-002 G/AU-024 G/AU-002 G/AU-024 T/AU-004 G/AU-020 T/AU-004 G/AU-013
WQI 120 184 125 84 210 170 106 152 121 125 92 160 94 121 87 85 82 704 330 146 128 79 105 131 106 81 92 91
Category PW PW PW GW VPW PW PW PW PW PW GW PW GW PW GW GW GW UNSUT UNSUT PW PW GW PW PW PW GW GW GW
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Table 6.8 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Aurangabad District Taluka 2007 2008 2009 2007
Soygaon
Vaijapur
2009
WQI 77 103 115
Category GW PW PW
240
VPW
241
VPW
Village Fardapur Fardapur Fardapur Rotegaon Tunki Rotegaon Tunki
Well No. G/AU-029 G/AU-029 G/AU-029 G/AU-006 G/AU-016 G/AU-006 G/AU-016
WQI 77 103 115
Category GW PW PW
79 401 74 408
GW UNSUT GW UNSUT
Three years water quality of Aurangabad indicated that the water quality in talukas namely Khultabad and Sillod was good whereas, in Aurangabad, Kannad and Vaijapur it varied from poor to very poor. In case of Paithan which is one of famous religious place in the district strong influence of human activities could be affect the water quality. This needs to be given a special attention to improve the water quality. 5) Beed district Beed is the district of Marathwada area of Maharashtra. It is flanked by Aurangabad and Jalna districts in the north, Parbhani in the east, Latur in the south east, Osmanabad in south and Ahmadnagar district in the west and southwest. The district can be broadly divided into 3 physiographic units: 1) Lowland Beed- the low lying northern part comprising a part of Godavari valley and is also known as Gangathari. 2) Highland Beed- occupies the southern part forming a part of Balaghat Plateau 3) Sina basin- low lying undulating area southwest and west of Highland Beed comprising almost whole of Ashti taluka. The major part of the district comes under Godavari basin. Godavari, Manjra and Sina are the major rivers that drain the district along with their tributaries. General Information: Geographical Area: 10615 sq. km. Taluka- 11, Beed, Georai, Ashti, Patoda, Shirur (Kasar), Wadwani, Ambajogai, Majalgaon, Kaij, Dharur and Parli. Villages: 1282 Population: 21,61,000 Soil Type: In the district, rocky and thin layered soils are observed in major part of the district except on the banks of Godavari and Sindphana Rivers, where dark brown to black and clayey loamy to loamy soils are observed. The nutrient levels in almost all the soils are low. Annual Rainfall: 600 mm to 800 mm Geology: Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt
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Major Ground water problems and issues: The drought area has been observed in entire district except the western part of the district around Ashti. In major parts of the district fall in water level trend is observed in almost entire Georai, Majalgaon, Ambejogai talukas and parts of Kaij, Beed and Patoda talukas. Thus the future ground water conservation and recharge structures need to be prioritized in these areas. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 11 talukas of Beed, 23 villages of 10 talukas were monitored by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.9 gives the water quality index of ground water for Beed district. Ambejogai and Beed : Descriptive statistics showed that none of the samples exceeded the permissible limit except 50% nitrate values in 2009. Rest of values were within the permissible limit. This accounts for overall good water quality in all three years. Also, it was excellent in Ambejogai village in 2008. Kumbhephal, Talni and Ambejogai villages of Ambejogai taluka and also Pali, Pithi and Bhend Takli of Beed taluka indicated that the water quality was good in all three years. Ashti, Gewrai and Kej: All the parameters were within desirable or permissible limit except for nitrate. 50-100% samples of nitrate exceeded the permissible limit. The WQI of Ashti and Doithana villages in Ashti taluka, monitored for 2007-08 and Patrud village of Gewrai taluka and Kej village of Kej taluka, monitored for 2009; showed that the water quality varied from good to poor. But the overall water quality of these talukas was poor. Dharur : The calculations of water quality indices for Dharur and Pimpalwandi villages of Dharur taluka showed that WQI was good for Pimpalwandi and poor for Dharur. However, the overall water quality of the taluka was poor in 2007-08, but good in 2009. The poor water quality could be due to nitrate and hardness, where 50% of these samples exceeded the permissible limit. Parli: Sirsala, Dharmapuri and Parli villages in Parli taluka showed the water quality was poor in all three years except in Dharmapuri where it was good in 2008. As seen from the descriptive statistics, the poor water quality could be due to high levels of TH, calcium and nitrate as 100% of these samples exceeded the permissible limit. Patoda: The descriptive statistics of Patoda taluka showed that all the samples were within the desirable or permissible limit except nitrate. WQI for Patoda and Daskhed villages of Patoda taluka showed that the water quality was good for Daskhed and poor for Manora village.
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However, the overall water quality of the taluka was poor in 2007 which is improved in consecutive years. Shirur Kasar: High levels of nitrate and hardness due to calcium. The natural source of Ca in the soil could be the weathering of limestone and calcium bearing minerals. The WQI evaluation for Manur and Dhanora in Shirur Kasar taluka indicated good to very poor water quality. However the overall water quality of the taluka was very poor in 2007-08, which varied to good in 2009. Wadwani taluka: As seen from the descriptive statistics, around 50-100% samples of Mg, nitrate and total hardness exceeded the permissible limit. These could be the causes for poor water quality in the taluka. The WQI calculated for Telgaon and Wadwani villages of Wadwani taluka showed that the water quality varied poor to very poor. The overall water quality of the taluka was poor in 2007-08 and very poor in 2009. However, it was good in Telgaon village in 2007. Table 6.9 : WQI of Ground Water of Beed District 2007
Taluka Ambejogai
WQI 66
Category GW
2008
Ambejogai
96
GW
2009
Ambejogai
79
GW
2007
Ashti
113
PW
2008
Ashti
121
PW
2007 2008
Beed Beed
58 66
GW GW
2009
Beed
87
GW
2007
Dharur
104
PW
2008
Dharur
135
PW
2009 2009 2009
Dharur Gewrai Kej
63 155 130
GW PW PW
Village Kumbhephal Talni Ambejogai Kumbhephal Talni Kumbhephal Talni Ashti Doithana Ashti
Well No. G/BD-010 G/BD-001 G/BD-003 G/BD-010 G/BD-001 G/BD-010 G/BD-001 K/BD-008 G/BD-023 K/BD-008
WQI 74 58 45 176 66 106 52 136 91 121
Pali Pali Bhend Takli Pali Bhend Takli Pithi Dharur Pimpalwandi Dharur Pimpalwandi Pimpalwandi Patrud Kej
G/BD-036 G/BD-036 G/BD-042 G/BD-036 G/BD-042 G/BD-017 G/BD-020 G/BD-018 G/BD-020 G/BD-018 G/BD-018 G/BD-059 G/BD-047
58 73 58 68 56 135 144 65 201 69 63 155 130
Category GW GW EXLT PW GW PW GW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW GW VPW GW GW PW PW
6-47
Table 6.9 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Beed District 2007
Taluka Parli
WQI 194
Category PW
2008
Parli
134
PW
2009 2007 2008
Parli Patoda Patoda
162 105 98
PW PW GW
2009
Patoda
89
GW
2007
242
VPW
2008
Shiruru Kasar Shirur Kasar
177
PW
2009 2007
Shiruru Kasar Wadwani
99 158
GW PW
2008
Wadwani
120
PW
2009
Wadwani
242
VPW
Village Sirsala Dharmapuri Parli Sirsala Sirsala Patoda Daskhed Patoda Daskhed Patoda
Well No. G/BD-027 G/BD-045 G/BD-034 G/BD-027 G/BD-027 G/BD-032 G/BD-022 G/BD-032 G/BD-022 G/BD-032
WQI 194 60 143 199 162 105 78 118 65 112
Category PW GW PW PW PW PW GW PW GW PW
Manur Dhanora
G/BD-016 K/BD-009
242 106
VPW PW
Manur
G/BD-016
248
VPW
Manur Telgaon Wadwani Telgaon Wadwani Wadwani
G/BD-016 G/BD-021 G/BD-025 G/BD-021 G/BD-025 G/BD-025
99 92 223 102 138 242
GW GW VPW PW PW VPW
Three years water quality of Beed indicated that talukas namely Ambejogai and Beed were good whereas, talukas namely Ashti, Gewrai, Kej, Parli and Wadwani showed the poor water quality. In Shirur Kasar, Patoda, Dharur WQI showed variation from good to very poor as the nitrate contamination is the major issue of these talukas of Beed.
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6) Bhandara district Bhandara district is situated on the left bank of the river Wainganga in the state of Maharashtra. It is fondly called as the 'District of Lakes'. Bhandara district is encircled by Balaghat district (M.P.) in north, Gondia in east, Chandrapur, in South, and Nagpur in the West. Hilly region of the northern side consists of Satpuda range, Bhivsen Koka are small hillocks in this range. Gaymukh, Ambagad, these are the prominent hills in northern hilly region. The Wainganga is the principal river in the district, and the only stream that does not dry up in the hot weather. General Information: Geographical Area: 3716.65 sq. km Taluka-7; Bhandara, Lakhandur, Lakhani, Mohadi, Pauni, Sakoli, Tumsar Villages: 870, Population: 11,35,835 Soil Type: The soils of the district are varied, arising out of the weathering of crystalline metamorphic and igneous rocks. They are essentially residual, though along the southern extremes of the Wainganga valley, alluvial soils predominate. Kali or black regur soils derived from the weathering of basalts generally have an admixture of sands or lime or both. Khardi soils are dark in colour with a considerable admixture of lime; they are generally shallow. Annual Rainfall: 1470.6 mm Geology: Recent: Alluvium (Soil, kankar, laterite) Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt Archean: Older granites and gneiss Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 7 talukas of Bhandara district were monitored for 23 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.10 gives the water quality index of ground water for Bhandara district. Bhandara, Lakhandur, Lakhani and Pauni : The descriptive statistics showed that all the samples were within the desirable or permissible limit except nitrate which exceeded the permissible limit in some samples. It could be due to contamination caused by micro-organisms, chemical fertilizers used in agriculture or improper manure management system. The water quality indices evaluated for these talukas indicated that the overall water quality was good in all three years except for Lakhandur in 2009 where it was poor.
6-49
Mohadi: As observed from the descriptive statistics of this taluka, around 20-60% samples showed TH, Ca and Mg and 67-80% samples showed nitrate exceeding the permissible limit. Rest all parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit. In Mohadi taluka, the water quality indices evaluated for the Dahegaon, Jamb, Chicholi and Kharbi villages indicated that the water quality of Dahegaon was good in all three years. However, the ground water quality of other villages was poor in all three years. Sakoli: All the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit in 2007-08 except in 2009 because of which the water quality could have changed from excellent to good. The WQI of Ekodi, Sakoli and Pitezari villages of this taluka indicated that the water quality varied from good to excellent during the three years. However, the overall water quality was excellent in 2007 and good in 2008-09. Also, it was observed that the water quality of Pitezari village was deteriorated from good to poor. The common sources of contamination could be leaking storage tanks, the use of chemicals in farms, etc. Tumsar: This taluka indicated that all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit except nitrate and fluoride which showed 20% and 67-100% exceedance during the three years. The WQI evaluation of different villages of this taluka showed that the overall ground water quality was good in the year 2007-08 whereas it was poor in 2009. Table 6.10 : WQI of Ground Water of Bhandara District Taluka 2007
2008
Bhandara
2009
2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Lakhandur
Lakhani
WQI 66
Category
99
GW
90
GW
90 81 101 76
GW GW PW GW
74
GW
79
GW
GW
Village Bhandara Koka (Kokha) Palari Bhandara Varti Koka (Kokha) Palari Bhandara Palari Sakra Lakhandur Lakhandur Lakhandur Lakhani Palandur Lakhani Palandur Palandur
Well No. G/BH-019 G/BH-023 G/BH-008 G/BH-019 G/BH-024 G/BH-023 G/BH-008 G/BH-019 G/BH-008 G/BH-025 G/BH-021 G/BH-021 G/BH-021 G/BH-005 G/BH-022 G/BH-005 G/BH-022 G/BH-022
WQI 50 72 74 44 204 64 83 48 85 137 90 81 101 59 92 85 64 79
Category GW GW GW EXLT VPW GW GW EXLT GW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW
6-50
Table 6.10 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Bhandara District Taluka
WQI 93
Category
143
PW
136
PW
67 57 59 49
GW GW GW EXLT
51
GW
2009
80
GW
2007
88
GW
2008
91
GW
105
PW
2007
2008
Mohadi
2009
2007 2008 2009 2007
2008
Pauni
Sakoli
GW
Tumsar
2009
Village Dahegaon Jamb Usarra Chicholi Dahegaon Jamb Kharbi Usarra Chicholi Dahegaon Jamb Pauni Pauni Pauni Ekodi Sakoli Pitezari Ekodi Sakoli Pitezari Ekodi Pitezari Madgi Nilaj Tumsar Khapa Ajgaon Daodipar Khapa Sihora Madgi Nilaj Tumsar Khapa Ajgaon Daodipar Khapa Sihora Madgi Nilaj Tumsar Khapa Daodipar Khapa Sihora
Well No. G/BH-026 G/BH-007 G/BH-018 G/BH-015 G/BH-026 G/BH-007 G/BH-016 G/BH-018 G/BH-015 G/BH-026 G/BH-007 G/BH-020 G/BH-020 G/BH-020 G/BH-012 G/BH-002 G/BH-010 G/BH-012 G/BH-002 G/BH-010 G/BH-012 G/BH-010 G/BH-017 G/BH-004 G/BH-003 G/BH-011 G/BH-009 G/BH-013 G/BH-017 G/BH-004 G/BH-003 G/BH-011 G/BH-009 G/BH-013 G/BH-017 G/BH-004 G/BH-003 G/BH-009 G/BH-013
WQI 72 121 86 175 51 184 171 132 196 64 148 67 57 59 26 53 68 27 47 79 34 127 75 77 105 93 88 89 71 76 114 88 82 112 77 87 129 116 115
Category GW PW GW PW GW PW PW PW PW GW PW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT PW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW PW PW PW
Three years water quality of Bhandara district showed good water quality at Bhandara, Lakhani and Pauni talukas, where WQI reported good to poor water quality for Mohadi, Lakhandur and Tumsar talukas. As nitrate and fluoride exceedance was reported in specific talukas, they need a special attention.
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7) Buldhana District Buldhana is the western district of Vidarbha. The district covers a total geographical area of 9661 sq.km. It is surrounded by Madhya Pradesh State in the north, on the east by Akola district, on the south by Parbhani district, in the west by Aurangabad and Jalgaon district and in the north east by Amravati district. Physiographyically, the district falls under three structural cum physical units. In the north is a hilly strip of the Satpudas, Purna plains in the middleand the Ajanta range comprising Buldhana plateau in the south. The northern region forms a part of Satpudas or Gawilgarh hills, which rise to general elevations of 600 to 700 m above mean sea level with occasional peaks rising up to 1000 meter from sea level or more. Purna plain is the main lowland region of the district, with average elevation ranging between 250 and 270 m. The Ajanta range carrying on its flat top high level mesa of Buldhana plateau covers the southern part of the district. The district forms part of Godavari and Tapi basin. Purna and Penganga Rivers are the main rivers flowing through the district. General Information: Geographical Area: 9670 sq. km. Taluka- 13, Buldhana, Mohala, Malkapur, Nandura, Jalgaon (Jamod), Sangrampur, Shegaon, Khamgaon, Chikhli, Mehkar, Lonar, Sindkhed Raja and Deulgaon Raja. Villages: 1427 Population: 22,32,480 Soil Type: The Satpudas have shallow, gravely and stony reddish soils. The soil over the piedmont deposits is coarse, highly friable and is locally known as Malli soil and is well suited for horticulture. To the south of the Satpuda piedmont, the Alluvial plains are covered by deep Alluvial soil, locally known as Bharkali soil, which are deep black, very fine in texture and highly retentive of moisture. Southwards away from the river, the soils are replaced by Kali regular soils, which are moderately deep. The soils of the plateau are Bhorandi or Khelk, a thin yellowish coarse soil, often less than half meter deep. The upper plateau is generally covered by shallow, black, brown or reddish soil. These are locally known as Barad soils. Annual Rainfall: 500 to 900 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Basalt (Deccan Traps)
Major Ground water problems and issues: Northern part of the district comprising of Jalgaon (Jamod) and the southern part comprising of Chikhli, Mehkar, Donegaon and Deolgaon Raja talukas comes under “Drought Area”. Deeper water levels of more than 20 m below ground level are observed in parts of Malkapur, Nandura and Jalgaon (Jamod) talukas. Ground water quality is adversely affected by nitrate contamination. In small north eastern part of Shegaon taluka brackish to saline ground water is observed.
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Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 13 talukas were monitored for 104 villages by CGWB and GSDA. Whereas, CGWB data excluded Fe in ground water analysis. Due to this non uniformity in monitored data, WQI was estimated considering Fe weightage at respective monitoring station. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.11 gives the water quality index of ground water for Buldhana district. BIS comparison of water quality data from different talukas of Buldhana showed that in Jalgaon jamod, values of all samples were less than desirable and permissible level. Nitrate, fluoride, TH, Mg and TA exceeded significantly during the years 2008-2009. Nitrate exceedance was in the range of 33-100% likewise fluoride about 50% at Taluka Sngrampur, all other parameters exceeded mostly in the range of 17-75%. In case of Nandura, the pH values were exceeding in 44% samples during the year 2007. Khamgaon has good water quality, when WQI calculated without considering Fe concentration, but when Fe weightage was considered, the WQI was found to be good for talukas Chikhali, Jalgaon jamod, Mehkar, Motala. Some of the talukas viz. Buldhana, Chikhali, Nandura, Khamgaon, Malkapur, Sangrampur, Shegaon whose water quality varied between good to poor depending upon their Fe weightage in monitored data. Based on WQI calculation and BIS standard comparison showed that talukas namely Deolgaon Raja, Lonar, Sangrampur, Sindkhed Raja Lonar, Nandura has a poor to very poor water quality, where the significant contamination of nitrate and fluoride was observed. The water quality observed to be unsuitable for drinking at Mehkar, Motala and Shegaon at this talukas The major reasons for the poor or unsuitable water quality could be hardness, Ca, Mg and nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit in most of the villages. Table 6.11 : WQI of Ground Water of Buldhana District Taluka 2007
WQI
Category
211
VPW
181
PW
Buldhana (Without Fe) 2008
Village Buldhana Dongar Khandala Warwand Kolori Sultanpur Wagnul Village 1 Village 2 Buldhana Dongar Khandala Warwand Kolori Sultanpur
Well No. T/BL-006 T/BL-035 T/BL-038 T/BL-040 G/BL-042 T/BL-060 T/BL-056 T/BL-061 T/BL-006 T/BL-035 T/BL-038 T/BL-040 G/BL-042
WQI 136 188 149 482 130 115 418 71 134 177 126 307 159
Category PW PW PW UNSUT PW PW UNSUT GW PW PW PW UNSUT PW
6-53
Table 6.11 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Buldhana District Taluka
WQI 98
Category GW
92
GW
2009
107
PW
2007
82
GW
89
GW
109
PW
76
GW
91
GW
84
GW
86
GW
2009
Buldhana (Without Fe)
2007
Buldhana (With Fe)
2008
Chikhali (Without Fe)
2009
2009
Chikhali (With Fe)
2007
2008
2009
Khamgaon (Without Fe)
Village Buldhana Deolgaon Mahi Sailani Sultanpur Birsingpur Buldhana Dattapur Dhad Jamathi Mhasla Bk. Mondhala Sagwan Warud Birsingpur Nandra Koli Mondhala Amdapur Karwand Mera Khurd Naygaon Amdapur Karwand Mera Khurd Karwand Kelwad Shelodi Chikhali Harani Hatani Karwand Undri Borgaon Kakade Borgaon Vasu Garadgaon Khamgaon Lokhanda Pimpalgaon Raja Garadgaon Khamgaon Lokhanda Pimpalgaon Raja Atali Garadgaon Khamgaon Pimpalgaon Raja
Well No. T/BL-006 G/BL-031 G/BL-025 G/BL-042 BUWQN001 BUOBW001 BUOBW027 BUOBW018 BUOBW016 BUOBW021 BUOBW019 BUPZ002 BUPZ003 BUWQN001 BUPZ001 BUOBW019 T/BL-013 T/BL-034 G/BL-024 G/BL-020 T/BL-013 T/BL-034 G/BL-024 T/BL-034 G/BL-041 BUOBW038 BUWQN003 BUOBW014 BUWQN004 BUOBW062 BUOBW081 BUOBW012 BUWQN002 T/BL-011 T/BL-015 T/BL-022 T/BL-033 T/BL-011 T/BL-015 T/BL-022 T/BL-033 T/BL-061 T/BL-011 T/BL-015 T/BL-033
WQI 102 88 95 108 101 76 116 125 74 85 104 83 66 95 155 71 56 115 83 74 54 100 114 92 125 56 97 64 61 64 148 55 65 82 141 75 66 88 133 50 65 69 76 147 53
Category PW GW GW PW PW GW PW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW PW EXLT GW GW GW PW GW
6-54
Table 6.11 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Buldhana District Taluka
WQI
Category
116
PW
73
GW
126
PW
189 158
PW PW
Lonar (With Fe)
107
PW
Malkapur (Without Fe)
171
PW
174
PW
2007 Khamgaon (With Fe) 2009 2007 2008 2009
2008
2009
Lonar (Without Fe)
2007 Malkapur (With Fe) 2009 2007
50 204
GW VPW
2008
Mehkar (Without Fe)
193
PW
2008
Mehkar (With Fe)
91
GW
Village Awar Borjawala Hiwarkhed Jalka Bhadag Nipana Lakhanwada Bk Tandulwadi Dhad Lonar Dhad Lonar1 Dhad Wadhav Lonar Pimplner Shara Sultanpur Bibkhed Borkhedi Dhaifal
Well No. BUOBW123 BUOBW136 BUOBW127 BUWQN017 TS-7 BUOBW097 BUWQN022 G/BL-026 G/BL-057 G/BL-026 T/BL-057 G/BL-026 BUOBW076 BUWQN011 BUPZ007 BUOBW073 BUOBW009 BUOBW035 BUWQN010 BUOBW034
WQI 140 95 113 90 142 85 61 153 99 189 79 236 121 142 54 166 124 105 52 94
Category PW GW PW GW PW GW GW PW GW PW GW VPW PW PW GW PW PW PW GW GW
Malkapur Dasarkhed Hingana Kazi Umali Waghul Dasarkhed Mehkar
T/BL-004 BUOBW163 BUWQN042 BUOBW088 BUWQN043 BUOBW163 G/BL-008
171 78 347 152 117 50 204
PW GW UNSUT PW PW GW VPW
Mehkar Anjani Bk Chinchala Deulgaon Sakarsha Gajarkhed Dongaon Fardapur Khamkhed Mehkar Naigaon Dattapur Tembhurkhed Wishvi
G/BL-008 BUOBW028 BS-57
193 132 65
PW PW GW
BUOBW069 BS-61 BUWQN006 BUOBW024 BS-53 TS-15 BS-52 BUWQN007 BS-56
64 101 68 130 54 99 75 79 130
GW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW PW
6-55
Table 6.11 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Buldhana District Taluka
WQI 204
Category VPW
180
PW
180
PW
84
GW
104
PW
134
PW
2009
91
GW
2007
119
PW
107
PW
131
PW
87
GW
107
PW
2007 2008
Motala (Without Fe)
2009
2009
Motala (With Fe)
2007 2008
Nandura (Without Fe)
Nandura (With Fe)
2009
2009
Sangrampur (Without Fe)
2007 Sangrampur (With Fe)
2009
Village Motala Rohinkhed Motala Rohinkhed Motala Pimpalgaon Devi Rohinkhed Motala Dhamangaon Rajur Sarola Maroti Hanvatkhed Liha Pimplgaon devi Digni Tarvadi Digi Tarvadi Dighi Tarvadi Alampur Chandur Biswa Fulli Isabpur Kokalwadi Naigaon Shemba Chandur Biswa Fulli Narkhed Dhamangaon
Well No. T/BL-010 T/BL-044 T/BL-010 T/BL-044 T/BL-010 T/BL-030 T/BL-044 BUOBW110 BS-64 BUOBW109 BUOBW101 BUOBW094 TS 17 BUPZ038 T/BL-059 T/BL-028 T/BL-059 T/BL-028 T/BL-059 T/BL-028 BUOBW147 BUOBW135 BUWQN045 BUOBW146 BUPZ010 BUPZ009 BUOBW087 BUOBW135 BUWQN045 BUWQN048 T/BL-027
WQI 223 185 156 203 125 256 160 131 62 98 79 44 90 83 122 87 158 109 101 81 113 89 132 180 116 112 92 67 93 161 131
Category VPW PW PW VPW PW VPW PW PW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW PW GW PW PW PW GW PW GW PW PW PW PW GW GW GW PW PW
Awar Durgadaitya Khiroda Kodri Patorda Bk Patorda Kh Takli Patorda Bk
BUOBW149 BUOBW154 BUWQN037 BUWQN038 BUOBW168 BUWQN036 TS-25 BUOBW168
72 80 158 76 70 74 78 107
GW GW PW GW GW GW GW PW
6-56
Table 6.11 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Buldhana District 2007 2008 2009
Taluka Shegaon (Without Fe)
2007
WQI 409 430
Category UNSUT UNSUT
374
UNSUT
127
PW
95 180
GW PW
172
PW
140
PW
147 135
PW PW
130
PW
Shegaon (WithFe)
2008 2007 2008
Sindkhed Raja (Without Fe)
2009 2007 2008 2009 2009
Deolgaon Raja (Without Fe) Jalgaon Jamod (With Fe)
51
GW
Village Shegaon Shegaon Jalamb
Well No. T/BL-005 T/BL-005 T/BL-058
WQI 409 430 117
Category UNSUT UNSUT PW
Shegaon Bhongaon Jalamb Lanjud Manasgaon Matargaon Bk Pahurpurna Nagzari Bk Kingaon Raja Sindkhed raja Kingaon Raja Sindkhed Raja Kingaon Raja Sindkhed Raja Deolgaon Raja Deolgaon Raja
T/BL-005 BUWQN025 BUWQN026 BUOBW113 BUWQN029 BUWQN030 BUWQN031 BS-85 T/BL-036 T/BL-014 T/BL-036 G/BL-014 T/BL-036 G/BL-014 G/BL-009 G/BL-009
632 169 94 78 166 101 150 95 324 36 304 41 243 38 147 135
UNSUT PW GW GW PW PW PW GW UNSUT EXLT UNSUT EXLT VPW EXLT PW PW
Deolgaon Raja Raipur
G/BL-009 BUOBW152
130 53
PW GW
Umapur
BUOBW151
48
EXLT
Three years water quality of Buldhana district showed good water quality at Chikhali, Jalgaon jamod, Mehkar and Motala when WQI was estimated considering Fe weightage in calculation. Likewise Khamgaon showed good water quality without accounting Fe weightage. Many talukas showed dominantly very poor water quality viz. Deolgaon Raja, Lonar, Sangrampur, Sindkhed Raja without considering Fe concentration. Lonar and Nandura also had poor water quality when WQI calculated with monitored Fe concentration. Apart from all above taluka Shegaon has consistently unsuitable water quality. The major factors affecting the water quality include Nitrate and Flouride along with total hardness. For improving the ground water quality status, there is a need of special attention.
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8) Chandrapur District Chandrapur district is one of the eleven districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. It is bounded on south by Andhra Pradesh State, east by Garhchiroli district, on north by Gondia, Bhandara, Nagpur and Wardha districts on west by Yavatmal district. Wardha River forms the western boundary, whereas Wainganga River forms the eastern boundary of the district. Chandrapur district can be divided into two physiographic regions: 1) Plane region in valleys of Wardha, Penganga and Wainganga Rivers- The plane region is made up of widely spread and flat terrain occurring mostly along Wardha River. In Wainganga valley flat terrain exhibits rolling topography with residual hills in the southern part, while in the northern part wide alluvial flood plains are observed. In Penganga valley, flat terrain covers very little area in south western part of the district. 2) Upland Hilly Region- It lies between Wardha and Wainganga rivers comprising parts of Warora, Chandrapur, Mul and Brahmapuri talukas. The south western part of the district in Penganga basin and covering parts of Rajura and Chandur talukas exhibits hilly topography. The entire area of the district falls in Godavari basin. Wardha. Wainganga and Penganga are the main rivers flowing through the district. General Information: Geographical Area 10920 sq. km Taluka- 15; Chandrapur, Warora, Chimur, Nagbhid, Brahmapuri, Sawli, Sindewahi, Bhadravati, Mul, Pobhurna, Ballarpur, Korpana, Rajura, Gondpipri and Jivati Villages: 1791, Population: 20,71,000 Soil Type: Three types of soils, Shallow coarse, Medium black and Deep black Annual Rainfall: 1200 to 1450 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt Upper Carboniferous –Triassic: Gondwana, Pre-Cambrian: Vindhyan Archean: Crystalline and Older metamorphics
Major Ground water problems and issues: The major parts of the district are showing falling ground water level trends mainly in southern, north western and north eastern parts of the district comprising almost entire Rajura, Gondpipri, Chandrapur, Bhadravati, Warora and parts of Chimur, Brahmapuri and Sindewahi, The ground water quality is mainly affected by nitrate. Apart from these, the ground water quality is getting affected due to industrial pollution in and around Ballarpur, whereas fluoride contamination is also observed in parts of Rajura, Korpana, Warora and Chimur talukas of the district.
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Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 15 talukas of Chandrapur, 41 villages of 14 talukas were monitored by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.12 gives the water quality index of ground water for Chandrapur district. Ballarpur and Bhadrawati: The poor ground water quality as per the descriptive statistics could be due to higher levels of fluoride and nitrate in around 33-100% samples probably due to weathering and circulation of water in rocks and soils causing leaching of fluorine and over application of chemicals in farms. The water quality indices evaluated for the Chora, Kalmana and Kothari villages of Balalrpur taluka and Ralegaon village of Bhadrawati taluka indicated that the overall water quality of these talukas was poor in 2007 and good during 2008-09. Brahmapuri, Mul, Nagbhid and Sawali: The overall water quality of these talukas was found to be poor in all the three years. However, the water quality of the villages of Brahmapuri taluka varied from good to very poor but the overall water quality of this taluka was poor. This poor quality of water could be due to higher level i.e. exceeding the permissible levels of nitrate in about 25-100% samples probably due to municipal and industrial wastes and chemical fertilizers, pesticides, sewer leakage, etc. Chandrapur : As observed from the descriptive statistics of the Chandrapur taluka, the exceedance in nitrate and TH was observed in 44-67% and 14-22% samples respectively. The water quality indices thus evaluated for the villages indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor during the three years. However, the overall water quality was good in 2007 while poor in 2008-09. Also, it was observed that the water quality of Nandegur and Padmapur villages was excellent. So the poor water quality could be due to hardness and nitrate in the water sample. Chimur, Jiwati and Pombhuma: The descriptive statistics of this taluka indicated that all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit except nitrate which exceeded the permissible limit in some places. The overall water quality of these talukas was found to be good. Also, it was excellent in Tadoba village of Chimur taluka in 2007. Rajura: The statistics showed that all the parameters were within the permissible limit except nitrate, exceeding between 80-100%. Overall ground water quality was found to be good in 2007 and 2009; while poor in 2008. Sindhewahi: The statistics showed that nitrate exceeded the permissible limit in 33-50% samples which could be due to chemical fertilizers applied excessively in the farms, etc ultimately making the water quality poor. The WQI evaluated for the Sindewahi, Niphandra and Alesur villages of this taluka indicated that the water quality was excellent for Niphandra village in all the three years. However, it was poor for Sindhewahi village in these three years. Hence, overall water quality of taluka was poor in 2007-08 and excellent in 2009.
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Waroda : The water quality was good for Salori and poor for Bhandak and Chargaon in these three years. Poor ground water quality could be due to higher levels of fluoride and nitrate in around 33-100% samples which are mainly caused by weathering and circulation of water in rocks and soils causing leaching of fluorine. Table 6.12 : WQI of Ground Water of Chandrapur District Taluka
WQI
Category
2007
151
PW
2008
94
GW
81 103 80
GW PW GW
2007
122
PW
2008
141
PW
2009 2007 2009
Ballarpur Bhadrawati
2009
Brahmapuri
123
PW
2007
Chandrapur
98
GW
2008
Chandrapur
109
PW
Village Chora Kalmana Kothari Kalmana Kothari Kalmana Ralegaon Ralegaon Brahmapuri Aksapur Mangli Mendki Brahmapuri Aksapur Mangli Mendki Brahmapuri Aksapur Mangli Chandrapur Chichpalli Mul Nandegur Shergaon Khurd Wihar Khurd Dabha Chichpalli Ghugus Mul Chandrapur 1 Padmapur Nandegur Shergaon Khurd Wihar Khurd Dabha
Well No. G/CH-041 G/CH-036 G/CH-008 G/CH-036 G/CH-008 G/CH-036 G/CH-047 G/CH-047 G/CH-009 G/CH-017 G/CH-039 G/CH-030 G/CH-009 G/CH-017 G/CH-039 G/CH-030 G/CH-009 G/CH-017 G/CH-039 G/CH-063 G/CH-021 G/CH-010 G/CH-025 G/CH-038 G/CH-004 G/CH-027 G/CH-021 G/CH-033 G/CH-010 G/CH-063 G/CH-037 G/CH-025 G/CH-038 G/CH-004 G/CH-027
WQI 280 85 87 98 89 81 103 80 79 91 207 115 97 123 210 133 86 97 187 76 65 97 46 110 169 124 84 167 128 68 28 65 119 204 118
Category VPW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW VPW PW GW PW VPW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW EXLT PW PW PW GW PW PW GW EXLT GW PW VPW PW
6-60
Table 6.12 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Chandrapur District Taluka
WQI
Category
2009
Chandrapur
PW 105
2007
81
GW
2008
94
GW
81
GW
2009 Chimur
2008 2009 2007 2008 2007
Jiwati Mul
2008
65 67 152 147 136
GW GW PW PW PW
160
PW
2009
Nagbhid
134
PW
2007 2008
Pombhurna
81 96
GW GW
2007
99
GW
2008
118
PW
99
GW
2009
Rajura
Village Chichpalli Ghugus Mul Nandegur Wihar Khurd Dabha Chimur Jambhulghat Kawadsi Sawargaon Shankarpur Tadoba Wahangaon Chimur Jambhulghat Kawadsi Sawargaon Shankarpur Wahangaon Chimur Jambhulghat Kawadsi
Well No. G/CH-021 G/CH-033 G/CH-010 G/CH-025 G/CH-004 G/CH-027 G/CH-007 G/CH-048 G/CH-013 G/CH-012 G/CH-049 G/CH-035 G/CH-040 G/CH-007 G/CH-048 G/CH-013 G/CH-012 G/CH-049 G/CH-040 G/CH-007 G/CH-048 G/CH-013
WQI 71 139 99 56 144 127 64 95 81 62 94 32 142 81 110 86 76 100 113 58 101 62
Shankarpur Ballarsha Ballarsha Rajoli Tukkum Rajoli Tukkum Mohadi Mokasa Nagbhir Mohadi Mokasa Nagbhir Mohadi Mokasa Nagbhir Bhimni Bhimni Mahurli Rajura Sondo Wirur Rampur Mahurli Wirur Mahurli Wirur
G/CH-049 G/CH-026 G/CH-026 G/CH-031 G/CH-031 G/CH-050 G/CH-002 G/CH-050 G/CH-002 G/CH-050 G/CH-002 G/CH-032 G/CH-032 G/CH-023 G/CH-019 G/CH-018 G/CH-014 G/CH-028 G/CH-023 G/CH-014 G/CH-023 G/CH-014
96 65 67 153 147 161 111 193 127 154 114 81 96 107 80 126 104 80 110 127 87 111
Category GW PW GW GW PW PW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT PW GW PW GW GW PW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW GW GW PW GW PW PW GW PW PW GW PW
6-61
Table 6.12 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Chandrapur District Taluka
WQI 108 125 116 119
Category PW PW PW PW
133
PW
44 112
EXLT PW
2008
103
PW
2009
78
GW
2007 2008 2009 2007 2008
Sawali
Sindewahi
2009 2007 Waroda
Village Sawali Sawali Sawali Sindewahi Niphandra Sindewahi Alesur Niphandra Niphandra Bhandak Chargaon Salori Chargaon Salori Salori
Well No. G/CH-034 G/CH-034 G/CH-034 G/CH-006 G/CH-042 G/CH-006 G/CH-061 G/CH-042 G/CH-042 G/CH-015 G/CH-016 G/CH-029 G/CH-016 G/CH-029 G/CH-029
WQI 108 124 116 195 44 223 129 48 44 134 107 97 106 99 78
Category PW PW PW PW EXLT VPW PW EXLT EXLT PW PW GW PW GW GW
Three years water quality of Chandrapur showed good water quality at Chimur, Jiwati, Pombhuma, whereas poor for Brahmapuri, Mul, Nagbhid, Sawali. Significant fluctuation in water quality is observed over the three years. As nitrate and fluoride exceedance was reported in specific talukas, they need a special attention. 9) Dhule district Dhule district, is located in northern part of Maharashtra State. The district can be broadly divided into 2 physiographic units: 1) Tapi valley proper- The Tapi River valley is observed on both sides of Tapi River in parts of Shirpur and Sindkhed talukas. 2) The region of the dykes and residual hills of the Sahyadri Spurs- It comprises southern part of Sindkheda and entire Sakri and Dhule talukas. Tapi River flows westward through the central part of the district. Panjra and Aner rivers are the main tributaries of Tapi flowing northward and southward respectively to join Tapi River. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people. General Information: Geographical Area: 8061 sq. km. Taluka- 4, Dhule, Sakri, Shirpur and Shindkheda. Villages: 681 Population: 17,08,000 Soil Type: In the Tapi valley proper, the soils are deep black and extremely fertile except in some portions near the main river and its tributaries, which have cut down the land very badly and removed the top soil. Otherwise the soils grade from the deep fertile soils to coarse
6-62
shallow to stony soils away from the river either northwards towards the Satpudas or south ward towards the residual hills and dykes. Annual Rainfall: 500 mm to 655 mm Geology: Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt Middle - Upper Cretaceous Bagh Beds Major Ground water problems and issues: The drought area has been observed in western and southern parts of the district occupying parts of Sakri and Dhule talukas. The moderate to deeper water levels of 10 to 20 m below ground level (parts of Shirpur and Sindkheda talukas) and falling water level trends are observed in most parts of the district, occupying Dhule and Shirpur talukas and eastern parts of Sindkheda and parts of Sakri talukas. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index In 4 talukas of Dhule, 20 villages were monitored by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.13 gives the water quality index of ground water for Dhule district. Dhule and Sindhkheda: The poor water quality as per the descriptive statistics could be due to the TH, Mg, F and TA levels exceeding the permissible limit in 14-33% samples and nitrate in 43-67% samples. The WQI for Dhule and Sindhkheda talukas indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor for both the talukas. However, it was excellent for Burdi Pada village in all three years. Fluoride problems tend to occur in places where the fluorite, apatite and mica minerals are most abundant in the host rocks whereas nitrate source could be fertilizers, manure and urine from pastures, sewage, and landfills. Sakri : For Dahival, Pimpalner and Sakri villages of Dhule taluka, the WQI was found to be poor for Sakri and good for Pimpalner and Dahival villages. The overall water quality of this taluka was poor in 2007-08 and good in 2009. The poor water quality as per the descriptive statistics of this taluka could be due to F- and NO3- levels exceeding the permissible limit in 33% of samples. Shirpur: The monitoring of Sangvi village of Shirpur taluka in the year 2007 indicated good ground water quality. However, monitoring of Khedse, Palasner, Sangvi and Songir villages in 2008 indicated poor water quality of the taluka. Also, the descriptive statistics of this taluka indicated nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit in 50% samples which could be due to contamination by municipal and industrial wastes and chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
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Table 6.13 : WQI of Ground Water of Dhule District Taluka
WQI
Category
124
PW
120
PW
2009
115
PW
2007
102
PW
108
PW
67 62
GW GW
103
PW
188
PW
148
PW
2007
2008
2008
2009 2007 2008
Dhule
Sakri
Shirpur
2007
2008
Sindkheda
Village Avdhan Burdi Pada Dhule Hisala Laling Mukti Narwhal Ner Deobhane Avdhan Burdi Pada Dhule Hisala Laling Narwhal Ner Deobhane Avdhan Burdi Pada Dhule Hisala Laling Narwhal Deobhane Dahival Pimpalner Sakri Dahival Pimpalner Sakri Pimpalner Sangivi Kherde Palasner Sangivi Songir Nardana Chimthane Methi Chimthane Methi Ichhapur
Well No. T/DH-009 T/DH-025 T/DH-030 T/DH-011 T/DH-033 T/DH-013 T/DH-022 T/DH-027 T/DH-032 T/DH-009 T/DH-025 T/DH-030 T/DH-011 T/DH-033 T/DH-022 T/DH-027 T/DH-032 T/DH-009 T/DH-025 T/DH-030 T/DH-011 T/DH-033 T/DH-022 T/DH-032 T/DH-024 T/DH-006 T/DH-035 T/DH-024 T/DH-006 T/DH-035 T/DH-006 T/DH-012 T/DH-015 T/DH-023 T/DH-012 T/DH-007 T/DH-010 T/DH-014 T/DH-019 T/DH-014 T/DH-019 T/DH-017
WQI 229 37 209 99 63 139 65 155 122 191 41 234 103 74 60 135 121 199 38 227 79 79 70 113 78 66 161 69 58 198 67 62 122 170 61 58 273 169 122 195 170 79
Category VPW EXLT VPW GW GW PW GW PW PW PW EXLT VPW PW GW GW PW PW PW EXLT VPW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW PW PW GW GW VPW PW PW PW PW GW
Three years water quality of Dhule showed poor water quality at Dhule, Sindhkheda taluka. Nitrate and Fluoride are the major contaminant in ground water of Dhule.
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10) Gadchiroli Gadchiroli District is situated in the North-eastern side of Maharashtra. The district is divided into three Sub-Divisions i.e. Gadchiroli, Aheri and Desaiganj respectively and each sub-division has four talukas. The main river basin of the district is Godavari which borders the southern boundary of the district and flows west to east and forms the southern boundary of the district. The eastern part of district ie, Dhanora, Etappali, Aheri and Sironcha talukas; are covered by the forest. Hills are located in the areas of Bhamaragad, Tipagad, Palasgad and Surjagad in the district. General Information: Geographical Area: 14,412 sq. km Taluka-12; Gadchiroli, Dhanora, Chamorshi, Mulchera, Aheri, Sironcha, Etapalli, Bhamragad, Desaiganj (Wadsa), Armori, Kurkheda, Korchi Villages: 1679 Population: 9,70,294 Soil Type: The predominant soil cover in the district is clay, clay-gravel, sandy loam, deep black soil, reddish and yellowish brown soils on hill slopes, brown & gray soils of plains and laterite & lateritic soil. Annual Rainfall: 892.9 mm Geology: Recent: Alluvium, Laterite, Gondwana: Upper Sand stone, clays, Lower Kamthi Ferruginious Sandstone and clays, Pre-Cambrian: Vindhyan Sandstone, Limestone, Conglomerates, Cuddapaha Shales, Archeans: Oldest crystalline and metamorphic Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 12 talukas of Gadchiroli district were monitored for 47 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.14 gives the water quality index of ground water for Gadchiroli district. Aheri: Hardness and nitrate level exceeding the permissible limit in the range of 14-38% and 4375% respectively. Hardness probably due to dissolved minerals in ground water resources, whereas for high nitrate levels could be due to chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. Also, the overall water quality of this taluka was poor in 2008 and good in 2007 and 2009. The WQI evaluations indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor.
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Armori: The ground water quality indices evaluation of Delanwadi and Wairagarh villages indicated that the overall water quality of the taluka was good in 2007-08. However, it was excellent in 2009. Bhamragarh: The WQI calculation based on the 2007 monitored data showed good water quality. Also, the descriptive statistics showed that all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit. Chamorshi and Mulchera: As observed from the descriptive statistics of both these talukas, the nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit ranged between 33-100%. In Mulchera total hardness and Mg concentrations were also very high in the range of 33-67%. Thus, WQI evaluation of Chamorshi, Konsari and Ashti villages of Chamorshi taluka and Chaudampalli, Ghot and Lagam villages of Mulchera taluka indicated that the overall ground water quality was poor in all the three years in both the talukas. Desaiganj (wadsa) : In Shankarwada and Wadsa villages of this taluka, shows good to poor water quality. The overall ground water quality was good in 2007 and 2009 while it was poor in 2008. From standards comparison nitrate levels exceed the permissible limit in 50% samples, source being chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. Dhanora and Etapalli: The ground water quality evaluation of the villages of these talukas indicated that the overall water quality was good in all the three years. Also, all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit except nitrate as observed in descriptive statistics. Gadchiroli: Gadchiroli indicated that all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit except nitrate in the range of 14-42% samples. However, the overall water quality was good in 2007-08 and excellent in 2009. Korchi : In the villages of Korchi, the ground water quality evaluation indicated that the overall ground water quality was good in 2008 and very poor in 2007. The probable reasons obtained from the descriptive statistics for the poor water quality could be the high levels of nitrate, Mg and total hardness in all the samples, their source being excessive application of lime and other chemicals to the soil in agricultural areas. Sironcha taluka: The Nandigaon and Sironcha villages of this taluka indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor. Nitrate, Hardness and Mg exceeded in more than 50% of samples. The overall ground water quality was good in 2008 and poor in 2007 and 2009.
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Table 6.14 : WQI of Ground Water of Gadchiroli District Taluka
WQI
Category
91
GW
123
PW
2009
98
GW
2007
66
GW
99
GW
46
EXLT
59
GW
2007
2008
2008
Aheri
Armori
2009 2007
Bhamragarh
Village Govindpur Medpalli Talodhi Rampur Timiram Repanpalli Umanur Govindgaon Govindpur Medpalli Talodhi Rampur Pirimili Timiram Repanpalli Umanur Allapalli Govindpur Medpalli Talodhi Rampur Pirimili Timiram Repanpalli Delanwadi Wairagarh Armori Delanwadi Wairagarh Delanwadi Wairagarh Bhamragarh
Well No. G/GD-036 G/GD-055 G/GD-018 G/GD-025 G/GD-004 G/GD-015 G/GD-047 G/GD-036 G/GD-055 G/GD-018 G/GD-024 G/GD-025 G/GD-004 G/GD-015 G/GD-002 G/GD-036 G/GD-055 G/GD-018 G/GD-024 G/GD-025 G/GD-004 G/GD-060 G/GD-027 G/GD-010 G/GD-060 G/GD-027 G/GD-060 G/GD-027 G/GD-012
WQI 136 100 46 71 96 100 191 167 112 51 113 113 106 130 109 129 86 44 88 141 89 65 66 148 75 75 47 45 59
Category PW PW EXLT GW GW PW PW PW PW GW PW PW PW PW PW PW GW EXLT GW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW EXLT EXLT GW
6-67
Table 6.14 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Gadchiroli District Taluka
WQI
Category
110
PW
112
PW
2009
103
PW
2007
88
GW
107
PW
2009
73
GW
2007
78
GW
2008
59
GW
2009
52
GW
2007
76
GW
2008
98
GW
2009
78
GW
74
GW
2007 2008
2008
Chamorshi
Desaiganj (wadsa)
Dhanora
Etapalli
2007
Gadchiroli
Village Chamorshi Konsari Chamorshi Ashti Chamorshi Konsari Shankarpur Wadsa Shankarpur Wadsa Shankarpur Wadsa Chatgaon Dhanora Murumgaon Rangi Chatgaon Rangi Chatgaon Rangi Halewara Etapalli Tadgaon Todsa Tola Elchil Etapalli Elchil Etapalli Elchil Bamni Gadchiroli Mulchera Porla Potegaon Chandona Tola Erkar Fulbori Gowardha Jarawadi (Indiranagar Khondala Yelgur Tola
Well No. G/GD-007 G/GD-064 G/GD-007 G/GD-028 G/GD-007 G/GD-064 G/GD-052 G/GD-016 G/GD-052 G/GD-016 G/GD-052 G/GD-016 G/GD-008 G/GD-030 G/GD-026 G/GD-037 G/GD-008 G/GD-037 G/GD-008 G/GD-037 G/GD-044 G/GD-013 G/GD-031 G/GD-023 G/GD-048 G/GD-013 G/GD-048 G/GD-013 G/GD-048 G/GD-003 G/GD-009 G/GD-063 G/GD-017 G/GD-035 G/GD-020 G/GD-021 G/GD-062 G/GD-053 G/GD-059
WQI 70 151 76 148 63 143 121 55 139 76 94 52 121 49 73 67 44 73 50 55 52 91 75 57 104 100 96 75 80 68 85 62 49 121 74 47 191 27 57
Category GW PW GW PW GW PW PW GW PW GW GW GW PW EXLT GW GW EXLT GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT PW GW EXLT PW EXLT GW
G/GD-042 G/GD-019
36 68
EXLT GW
6-68
Table 6.14 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Gadchiroli District Taluka
2008
WQI
Category
68
GW
45
EXLT
226
VPW
2008
61
GW
2007
153
PW
2008
181
PW
2009
197
PW
104
PW
2008
98
GW
2009
117
PW
Gadchiroli
2009 2007
Korchi
Mulchera
2007 Sironcha
Villages Bamni Gadchiroli Mulchera Porla Gowardha Khondala Yelgur Tola Mulchera Porla Gowardha Yelgur Tola Bori Malewara Kurkhera Chaudampalli Ghot Lagam Chaudampalli Ghot Chaudampalli Ghot Nandigaon Sironcha Nandigaon Sironcha Nandigaon
Well No. G/GD-003 G/GD-009 G/GD-063 G/GD-017 G/GD-053 G/GD-042 G/GD-019 G/GD-063 G/GD-017 G/GD-053 G/GD-019 G/GD-006 G/GD-034 G/GD-011 G/GD-001 G/GD-029 G/GD-057 G/GD-001 G/GD-029 G/GD-001 G/GD-029 G/GD-032 G/GD-005 G/GD-032 G/GD-005 G/GD-032
WQI 83 93 81 48 34 45 92 53 33 24 70 226 29 92 236 162 62 212 150 246 148 157 52 140 57 117
Category GW GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW EXLT EXLT GW VPW EXLT GW VPW PW GW VPW PW VPW PW PW GW PW GW PW
Three years water quality of Gadchiroli district showed that water quality of Dhanora, Etapalli talukas was good whereas, for Mulchera, Chamorshi talukas water quality was poor since most of the time nitrate contamination was the major issue for this area. Sandstone, clays and Limestone are the major soil constituents, which may cause the contamination in ground water quality leading to tends to the high levels of nitrate, hardness and Mg in ground water resources.
6-69
11) Gondia Gondia district is situated on North-Eastern side of Maharashtra state having state borders of Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh. This is underdeveloped district and most of land is covered with forest. The main profession of people is farming. There are many rice mills in the district as paddy is the main agriculture produce here. Geomorphologically the district can be divided into two parts 1) The north-Western, north eastern, south-eastern and central parts which have structural units like hills and ridges. 2) The northern, north-central, west central, south and south-west portions having undulating topography over denudational units like pediments and fluvial units. Wainganga River is the largest and most important river. Rivers like Bagh, Chulbandh, Gadhavi and Bavanthadi are the tributaries of river Wainganga. General Information: Geographical Area: 4843.13 sq. km Taluka-8; Amgaon, Arjuni Moregaon, Deori, Gondia, Goregaon, Sadak Arjuni, Salekasa, Tiroda Villages: 954, Population: 12,00,151 Soil Type: The soil is sandy to sandy-loam in texture and reddish in colour. Annual Rainfall: 1197 mm Geology: Pleistocene to Recent: Alluvium and Lalerite Protozoic: Vindhyan Super Group Archaean: Granite & Gneisses Major Ground water problems and issues: In most of the parts of Gondia district, high amount of fluoride is observed. This has caused many diseases due to excessive fluorine. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 8 talukas of Gondia district were monitored for 25 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.15 gives the water quality index of ground water for Gondia district. Amgaon : The water quality indices evaluated for the Amgaon, Dongargaon villages of Amgaon taluka indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor. However, it was excellent for Burdi Pada village in all three years. Also, the descriptive statistics of this taluka showed that all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit.
6-70
Arjuni Moregaon, Deori, Goregaon, Sadal Arjuni and Tiroda: The descriptive statistics of these talukas showed that none of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit and the WQI evaluations of the villages of Arjuni Moregaon and Deori talukas also varied from good to excellent. Goregaon, Sadal Arjuni and Tiroda talukas water quality varied from good to poor. However, the overall ground water quality of these talukas was good during these three years. Gondia: For the villages of Gondia, water quality varied from good to excellent in all the three years. However, the overall water quality of the taluka was excellent in 2007-08 and good in 2009. Also, it was clear from the descriptive statistics that except high nitrate levels in 13-29% samples, all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit. Salekasa: The water quality was excellent in both the years i.e. 2007-08. It could be clearly observed from the descriptive statistics of this taluka as all the parameters were within the desirable and permissible limit. Table 6.15 : WQI of Ground Water of Gondia District Taluka
WQI
Category
2007
48
EXLT
2008
51
GW
2009
56
GW
2007
55
GW
2008
58
GW
2009
91
GW
2007
59
GW
59
GW
76
GW
Amgaon
Arjuni Moregaon
2008 Deori 2009
Village Amgaon Dongargaon Kalimati Amgaon Dongargaon Dongargaon Kalimati Amgaon Dongargaon Dongargaon Kalimati Bondgaon Navegaon Navegaon Kh. Karandli Bondgaon Navegaon Navegaon Kh. Karandli Bondgaon Navegaon Kh. Karandli Chichgarh Deori Murdoli Chichgarh Deori Murdoli Murdoli
Well No. G/GN-002 G/GN-014 G/GN-032 G/GN-002 G/GN-007 G/GN-014 G/GN-032 G/GN-002 G/GN-007 G/GN-014 G/GN-032 G/GN-030 G/GN-011 G/GN-025 G/GN-013 G/GN-030 G/GN-011 G/GN-025 G/GN-013 G/GN-030 G/GN-025 G/GN-013 G/GN-029 G/GN-004 G/GN-005 G/GN-029 G/GN-004 G/GN-005 G/GN-005
WQI 67 27 50 68 51 31 56 75 56 32 61 40 52 91 39 38 44 115 37 49 122 105 37 68 73 35 73 69 76
Category GW EXLT EXLT GW GW EXLT GW GW GW EXLT GW EXLT GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT PW EXLT EXLT PW PW EXLT GW GW EXLT GW GW GW
6-71
Table 6.15 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Gondia District Taluka 2007
2008
Gondia
2009
2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Goregaon
Sadal Arjuni
2007
2008
Tiroda
2009
2007 2008
Salekasa
WQI
Category
41
EXLT
45
EXLT
64
GW
73 61 57 58 52 52
GW GW GW GW GW GW
89
GW
80
GW
89
GW
41 37
EXLT EXLT
Village Asoli Bonde Rajegaon Sangadi Ghonari Sindbiri Sondad Asoli Bonde Rajegaon Arjuni Sangadi Ghonari Sindbiri Sondad Bonde Datora Rajegaon Arjuni Sangadi Sindbiri Sondad Goregaon Goregaon Goregaon Kohemara Kohemara Kohemara Sarra Sejgaon Tiroda Salebardi Sarra Sejgaon Tiroda
Well No. G/GN-018 G/GN-021 G/GN-015 G/GN-022 G/GN-001 G/GN-012 G/GN-023 G/GN-018 G/GN-021 G/GN-015 G/GN-024 G/GN-022 G/GN-001 G/GN-012 G/GN-023 G/GN-021 G/GN-027 G/GN-015 G/GN-024 G/GN-022 G/GN-012 G/GN-023 G/GN-008 G/GN-008 G/GN-008 G/GN-009 G/GN-009 G/GN-009 G/GN-016 G/GN-020 G/GN-010 G/GN-006 G/GN-016 G/GN-020 G/GN-010
WQI 23 43 57 46 33 26 57 31 41 71 55 45 35 30 48 43 129 73 69 47 30 59 73 60 57 58 52 52 75 63 111 111 60 57 91
Salebardi Sarra Sejgaon Salebardi Salekasa Salekasa
G/GN-006 G/GN-016 G/GN-020 G/GN-006 G/GN-031 G/GN-031
112 72 70 125 41 37
Category EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT PW GW GW EXLT EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW EXLT EXLT
Three years water quality of Gondia district showed excellent water quality at Salekasa talukas, whereas good for talukas namely Arjuni Moregaon, Deori, Goregaon, Sadal Arjuni and Tiroda. Some of the region of the district having the problem of fluoride contamination needs special attention. 6-72
12 ) Hingoli It is situated at the northern part of Marathwada. Borders of Hingoli are surrounded by Akola and Yavatmal in northern side, Parbhani in western side and Nanded at south-eastern side. This district is part of Aurangabad division. General Information: Geographical Area: 4,526 sq. km Taluka-5; Hingoli, Basmat, Aundha Nagnath, Kalamnuri, Sengaon Population: 9,87,160 Soil Type: Two types of soil found in this district are: 1. Heavy soil: shrink, swell character and develop & deep wide cracks. Clay – more than 40% silt – 25 to 30%. 2. Medium soil: sand 23 to 52% silt – 28 to 50% Clay – 7 to 27% depth – 25 to 50 cm. Annual Rainfall: 895 mm Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 5 talukas 4 were monitored for 8 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.16 gives the water quality index of ground water for Hingoli district. Aundha (Nag), Basmatnagar and Sengaon talukas: The descriptive statistics of all these talukas except Basmathnagar taluka showed that all the parameters were within the desirable and permissible limit. WQI for the Aundha village of Aundh taluka, Aral, Basmath, Babulgaon and Hatta village of Basamtnagar taluka, Kanhergaon village of Sengaon taluka indicated that the water quality was good for the available data sets. It was poor only in Aral village in 2007. It could be due to high levels of pH, TDS, TH, Mg and TA in around 25% samples. Hingoli : The villages of Alegaon and Churava of Hingoli taluka showed that the water quality of Alegaon was poor in 2007 as well as 2008. It could probably be due to nitrate and total hardness exceeding the permissible limit in all the samples. However, Churawa village monitored in 2007 indicated good water quality.
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Table 6.16 : WQI of Ground Water of Hingoli District 2007 2008 2007
Taluka Aundha (Nag)
WQI 66 68
Category GW GW
Basmatnagar
76
GW
60 117
GW PW
153 139 55 61
PW PW GW GW
2008 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008
Hingoli Sengaon
Village Aundha (Nag) Aunda Aral Babulgaon Basmath Hatta Babulgaon Alegaon (Old) Churawa Alegaon (Old) Alegaon (Old) Kanhergaon Kanhergaon
Well No. G/HN-025 G/HN-025 G/HN-006 G/HN-010 G/HN-005 G/HN-015 G/HN-010 G/HN-023 G/HN-024 G/HN-023 G/HN-023 G/HN-007 G/HN-007
WQI 66 69 114 64 51 75 60 152 81 153 139 55 61
Category GW GW PW GW GW GW GW PW GW PW PW GW GW
The overall water quality of Hingoli district showing good water quality, but Hingoli which is city place found to be poor for all three years it may be due domestic activities in the vicinity. 13) Jalgaon District Jalgaon district is situated in north western part of Maharashtra. The district is bounded on the north by Madhya Pradesh State, on the east by Buldhana, on the west by Nashik and Dhule district and on the south by Aurangabad district. The district can be divided into three main physiographic divisions i.e. Satpura hill ranges in the northern part with dense forest; Tapi valley consisting of alluvial plain in the central part of the district and Ajanta hill ranges, flanking the hill ridges and small valley in the southern part of the district. The major part of the district comes under Tapi basin. General Information: Geographical Area: 11,765 sq. km. Taluka-15; Jalgaon, Bhusaval, Yaval, Raver, Edilabad, Amalner, Chopda, Erandol, Palora, Chalisgaon, Jamner, Pachora, Bhadgaon, Dharangaon, Bodwad. Villages: 1519 Population (2001): 36,82,690 Soil Type: The soils in Jalgaon district are essentially derived from the basaltic lava flows and are classified as follows: a) Deep black soils- are observed in northern part of Amalner, Erandol, Jalgaon, Bhusaval and Edilabad talukas. b) Medium black soils- occur over large areas in the district viz.; the central belt of the wide Tapi valley and southern hills. c) Loamy and sandy soils- observed in the southern-most part of Amalner, Erandol, Jalgaon and Bhusaval. d) Forest soils- observed on the foothills of Satpura ranges and near southern hillocks and dark brown and occur on slopes mainly in the Satpura ranges.
6-74
In Tapi alluvial basin soils are black alluvial clay occurs in the southern parts of Yaval, Raver, Chopda, Jalgaon, Bhusaval, Chalisgaon, Amalner, and Bhadgaon. Annual Rainfall: 669.86 mm Geology: Recent: Alluvium, Quaternary to Recent: Bazada (Talus and Screen), Younger Alluvium, Older Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Basalt (Deccan Traps) Major Ground water problems and issues: Major part of the district, during both pre and post monsoon periods shows declining trends. Deeper water level areas have been observed in parts of Yaval, Raver and Chopda talukas. Ground water quality is adversely affected at many places due to high concentration of nitrate and fluoride. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 15 talukas 14 were monitored for 35 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.17 gives the water quality index of ground water for Jalgaon district. Amalner : Sadavan Bk. village of Amalner taluka showed that the water was unsuitable for drinking in all the three years. Ground water parameters such as TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Cl and SO4 exceeded the permissible limit in all three years. Bhadgaon, Dharangaon, Mukainagar, Parola : The overall water quality of these talukas was poor which could be due to exceedance of TDS, TH, Ca, Mg and nitrate in ranges of 33-100%. This requires protection of wells from getting contaminated and construction of structures for fresh water recharge and storage. Bhusawal, Chopda and Raver : For Bhusawal and Mondhale villages of Bhusawal taluka and Balvadi, Raver and Talwade Kh. villages of Raver taluka the WQI evaluations indicated that the water quality was good in all the three years, wherein all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit. However, Chopda taluka showed excellent and good water quality for the period of 2007 and 2009 respectively. Bodwad : In this taluka the WQI found to be good in 2007 and poor in 2009, which could be due to nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit. Chalisgaon: The standard comparison showed that nitrate levels exceeded the permissible limit in 2007 for the village Chalisgaon and Mahumbare representing poor water quality. The poor quality of water could be due to chemical fertilizers, pesticides, sewer leakage, etc. In adverse, during 2008-09, water quality changed to good.
6-75
Erandol: The Erandol, Nagduli and Kasoda villages of Erandol taluka indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor in all the three years. The poor quality of water could be due to nitrate, TH and Mg levels exceeding the permissible limit. However, the overall ground water quality of this taluka was poor in 2007 and 2009 while good in 2008. Jalgaon: The WQI evaluations for the villages of Jalgaon taluka designate water quality varied from good to poor in all the three years. However, the overall ground water quality of this taluka was poor in 2007-08 while good in 2009. Descriptive statistics also shows that nitrate, TH and Mg exceeding the permissible limit ranges between 14-57%. Jamner: As seen from descriptive stastics nitrate, TH and Mg exceeded the permissible limit in 33-100% samples in this taluka. The WQI Jamner taluka varied from good to poor in all the three years. However, the overall water quality of the taluka was poor in 2007 while good in 2008-09. Yaval: In Yaval taluka, Faizpur village was monitored and it indicated good water quality in 2007 and 2009 whereas excellent in 2008. Also, the descriptive statistics showed that none of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit. Table 6.17 : WQI of Ground Water of Jalgaon District Taluka
WQI 449 726 615 152
Category UNSUT UNSUT UNSUT PW
2008
145
PW
2007
84
GW
73
GW
68
GW
2007 2008 2009 2007
2008
Amalner
Bhadgaon
Bhusawal
2009 2007 2009 2007
Bodwad
82 101 138
GW PW PW
2008
Chalisgaon
83
GW
100
GW
2009
Village Sadavan Bk. Sadavan Bk. Sadavan Bk. Bhadgaon Pasardi Varkhedi Bhadgaon Pasardi Varkhedi Bhusawal (New) Mondhale Bhusawal (New) Mondhale Bhusawal (New) Mondhale Bodwad Bodwad Chalisgaon Mahunbare Chalisgaon Mahunbare Chalisgaon Mahunbare
Well No. T/JG-052 T/JG-052 T/JG-052 T/JG-016 T/JG-033 T/JG-035 T/JG-016 T/JG-033 T/JG-035 T/JG-040 T/JG-021 T/JG-040 T/JG-021 T/JG-040 T/JG-021 T/JG-014 T/JG-014 T/JG-009 T/JG-018 T/JG-009 T/JG-018 T/JG-009 T/JG-018
WQI 449 726 615 72 86 296 74 71 289 86 81 68 77 65 72 82 101 182 95 104 62 110 89
Category UNSUT UNSUT UNSUT GW GW VPW GW GW VPW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW GW PW GW PW GW
6-76
Table 6.17 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Jalgaon District Taluka
WQI 46 134 54 193
Category EXLT PW GW PW
117 108
PW PW
132
PW
96
GW
2009
112
PW
2007
119
PW
96
GW
84
GW
2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Chopda
Dharangaon
2007
2008
2008
Erandol
Jamner
2009
2007 2008 2009 2007
Mukainagar Parola
156 126 130 80
PW PW PW GW
2008
Raver
83
GW
87
GW
62 46 52
GW EXLT GW
2009 2007 2008 2009
Yaval
Village Chopda Dhanora Chopda Dharangaon Pimpalkotha Pimpalkotha Dharangaon Pimpalkotha Erandol Nagduli Kasoda Erandol Nagduli Kasoda Erandol Kasoda Jamner Shendurni Shengola Jamner Kekat Nimbhora Neri Shendurni Jamner Kekat Nimbhora Neri Shendurni Narvel Adgaon Adgaon Balvadi Raver Talwade Kd Balvadi Raver Talwade Kd Balvadi Talwade Kd Faizpur Faizpur Faizpur
Well No. T/JG-006 T/JG-020 T/JG-006 T/JG-019 T/JG-049 T/JG-049 T/JG-019 T/JG-049 T/JG-010 T/JG-038 T/JG-028 T/JG-010 T/JG-038 T/JG-028 T/JG-010 T/JG-028 T/JG-004 T/JG-027 T/JG-048 T/JG-004 T/JG-050 T/JG-017 T/JG-027 T/JG-004 T/JG-050 T/JG-017 T/JG-027 T/JG-045 T/JG-032 T/JG-032 T/JG-043 T/JG-066 T/JG-036 T/JG-043 T/JG-066 T/JG-036 T/JG-043 T/JG-036 T/JG-030 T/JG-030 T/JG-030
WQI 46 134 54 239 147 117 111 104 66 83 248 50 66 172 49 175 184 84 88 124 74 128 57 114 75 94 54 156 126 130 52 125 64 58 110 82 71 102 62 46 52
Category EXLT PW GW VPW PW PW PW PW GW GW VPW GW GW PW EXLT PW PW GW GW PW GW PW GW PW GW GW GW PW PW PW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW PW GW EXLT GW
6-77
Table 6.17 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Jalgaon District Taluka 2007
2008
Jalgaon
2009
WQI
Category
125
PW
107
PW
87
GW
Village Naseerabad Bodar Dangarda Hated Budruk Higone Mendhoda Vakdi Naseerabad Bodar Dangarda Hated Budruk Mendhoda Pimpri Akarant Vakdi Abhora Bk Naseerabad Bodar Dangarda Mendhoda Pimpri Akarant Vakdi
Well No. T/JG-023 T/JG-037 T/JG-041 T/JG-026 T/JG-047 T/JG-046 T/JG-034 T/JG-023 T/JG-037 T/JG-041 T/JG-026 T/JG-046 T/JG-015 T/JG-034 T/JG-044 T/JG-023 T/JG-037 T/JG-041 T/JG-046 T/JG-015 T/JG-034
WQI 261 80 67 81 141 140 104 274 57 60 90 114 79 75 61 170 67 61 94 74 79
Category VPW GW GW GW PW PW PW VPW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW
Three years water quality of Jalgaon district showed good water quality at Bhusawal and Raver talukas, whereas poor for talukas namely Bhadgaon, Dharangaon, Mukainagar and Parola. In case of Amalner taluka water quality was found to be unsuitable for drinking. In most of the region of Jalgaon district, ground water is mainly affected by excess concentration of nitrate along with the other inorganic pollutant such as TDS, TH, Ca+2 and Mg+2. Significant values of these pollutants in ground water mainly caused by the transformation of crustal matter from earth crust to the ground water sources. Higher surrounding temperature increases evaporation rate resulting into the lowering down of ground water level and accumulation of the pollutant in the water. Apart from this, human activity and agricultural run off result into the deterioration of ground water quality.
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14) Jalna District The district has moderately to gently sloping undulated topography. The Northern part of the district is occupied by Ajanta and satmala hill ranges. 95% area of the district falls in the Godavari basin. The river Godavari flows along the Southern boundary from West to East direction. The rivers Dudhana, Gulati, Purna are the principal tributaries of river Godavari, which flow through the district. The major part of the district falls in the Purna sub basin. The river Purna flows from the central part of the district and meets river Godavari in the neighboring district. The southern part of the district falls in Godavari sub basin. A very small part of the district located North East of the district falls in the Tapi basin. General Information: Geographical Area: 7612 sq. km Taluka-8; Jalna, Ambad, Bhaokardan, Badnapur, Ghansavangi, Partur, Mantha, Jafrabad Villages: 970 Population: 16,12,357 Soil Type: The soils of the district are black with considerable variation in texture and depth. They are light, medium and heavy soils. The soils along the river banks especially in Ambad and Partur blocks are deep black and quite fertile. The soils in northern parts of the district i.e. in Jalna, Bhokardan and Jaffrabad blocks are coarser. Annual Rainfall: 763 mm Geology: Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene: Basalt (Deccan Trap) Major Ground water problems and issues: The major part of the district forms the moderately dissected basaltic plateau, which has moderate to good groundwater potential. The northern part forms the highly dissected basaltic plateau; the ground water potential is expected to be poor. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 8 talukas covering 22 villages were monitored by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.18 gives the water quality index of ground water for Jalgaon district. Ambad and Parthur : Villages namely Ambad, Dungaon and Shahagad of Ambad taluka and Shreshti and Parthur villages of Parthur taluka indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor in all the three years. However, the overall ground water quality of this taluka was poor, which could be due to TDS, F and SO4 levels exceeding the permissible limit in 33% samples, similar trend was observed for the nitrate concentrations.
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Badnapur: The Badnapur WQI during 2007-08 water quality found to be good, whereas it was poor in Silegaon village in 2007. The overall water quality of the taluka was poor in 2007 while good in 2008. The TH and nitrate levels are exceeding 50% to the BIS standard. Bhokardan: Exceedance of TH, Ca and nitrate in range of 33-100% were observed in this taluka. For Hasnabad, Talegaon, Longaon and Talni villages of Bhokardan taluka, ground water quality varied from poor to unsuitable for drinking. The overall water quality was found to be very poor and poor in 2007-2008 and unsuitable for drinking in 2009. So the water requires proper treatment before using for drinking purpose, etc. Ghansawangi: In this taluka, ground water monitoring was carried out in Ranjani village in 2007 and Raniunchagaon village in 2008 and the water quality by WQI evaluation was found to be good and poor respectively. The standard comparison showed that TH, Mg and nitrate exceeded the permissible limit. Jafrabad: Jafrabad and Kalegaon villages of this taluka were monitored and WQI found to be unsuitable for drinking in all three years. Significant concentration of TDS, TH, Ca, Mg and nitrate affected the overall water quality showing the exceedance in the range of 50-100%. Jalna: Villages namely Jalna, Ner, Tirthpuri and Samangaon of this taluka are categorized in good to poor during all three years. However, the water quality of Jalna village was very poor in 2007. The poor water quality could be due to the high levels of TH, Ca, Mg and nitrate in range of 33-67%. Hence, overall water quality of Jalna taluka was found to be poor in 2007-08 while good in 2009. Mantha: In 2007 and 2009, the ground water monitoring was carried out in Watur village and the WQI evaluations indicated that the water quality was poor in 2007 and good in 2009. In 2008, the monitoring was carried out in Mantha and Wakdi villages where similar trend of exceedance was observed. Table 6.18 : WQI of Ground Water of Jalna District Taluka 2007
2008
2009
Ambad
WQI 144
Category PW
119
PW
151
PW
Village Ambad Dungaon Shahagad Ambad Dungaon Shahagad Ambad Dungaon Shahagad
Well No. G/JL-001 G/JL-040 G/JL-033 G/JL-001 G/JL-040 G/JL-033 G/JL-001 G/JL-040 G/JL-033
WQI 118 92 223 95 77 184 138 112 204
Category PW GW VPW GW GW PW PW PW VPW
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Table 6.18 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Jalna District 2007
Taluka Badnapur
2008 2007
2008
2009 2007 2008 2007 2008 2009
Bhokardan
Ghansawangi
Jafrabad
2007
2008
Jalna
2009
Category PW
92 202
GW VPW
160
PW
318 76 179 385
UNSUT GW PW UNSUT
1311 647
UNSUT UNSUT
150
PW
115 93
2007 2008
WQI 132
Mantha
PW GW
Village Badnapur Silegaon Badnapur Hasnabad Talegaon Talni Hasnabad Longaon Talegaon Longaon Ranjani Raniunchagaon Jafrabad Kalegaon Jafrabad Jafrabad Kalegaon Jalna
Well No. G/JL-055 G/JL-008 G/JL-055 G/JL-006 G/JL-038 G/JL-043 G/JL-006 G/JL-022 G/JL-038 G/JL-022 G/JL-037 G/JL-027 G/JL-004 G/JL-010 G/JL-004 G/JL-004 G/JL-010 G/JL-002
WQI 94 169 92 325 106 174 132 221 128 318 76 179 704 65 1311 1229 66 267
Category GW PW GW UNSUT PW PW PW VPW PW UNSUT GW PW UNSUT GW UNSUT UNSUT GW VPW
Tirthpuri
G/JL-028
110
PW
Samangaon
G/JL-032
73
GW
Tirthpuri
G/JL-028
138
PW
Samangaon
G/JL-032
93
GW
Ner
G/JL-048
83
GW
Tirthpuri
G/JL-028
117
PW
Samangaon
G/JL-032
79
GW
135
PW
Watur
G/JL-034
135
PW
290
VPW
Mantha
G/JL-011
192
PW
Wakdi
G/JL-017
388
UNSUT
2009
73
GW
Watur
G/JL-034
73
GW
2007
152
PW
Shreshti
G/JL-015
152
PW
157
PW
166
PW
Parthur Shreshti Shreshti
G/JL-014 G/JL-015 G/JL-015
146 167 166
PW PW PW
2008 2009
Parthur
Three years water quality of Jalna district showed poor water quality at Ambad and Parthur talukas, whereas, Jafrabad ground water quality found to be Unsuitable for drinking. Significant concentration of TDS, TH, Ca, Mg and nitrate affecting the overall water quality could be due to the geological and soil texture of this region.
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15) Kolhapur district Kolhapur district is the southernmost district of Maharashtra. The city is situated on the banks of river Panchganga. Kolhapur is seat of Goddess Mahalaxmi and is one of the Shaktipeeths mentioned in Indian mythology. Two distinct trends in the hill ranges are seen in the district. One runs roughly north-south, along the main range of the Western Ghats presenting wild and picturesque hill slopes and valleys. The other one comprises the narrow broken-crested ridges and flat topped masses stretching eastwards and merging gradually into the plains in the east. The rivers hiranyakeshi, Krishna, vedganga, dudhganga, bhogvati and panchganga drain the area towards east. General Information: Geographical Area: 7692 sq. km Taluka-12; Karveer, Kagal, Panhala, Shahuwadi, Hatkalangale, Shirol, Radhanagri, Bhudargad, Gadhinglaj, Gaganbawda, Aajra, Chandgad Villages: 1009 Population: 35,15,413 Soil Type: The district is covered by the basaltic Sahyadri ranges. The land gradually slopes towards the east into the Deccan plateau which is gently undulating with ridges and valleys. Due to these topographical features, the soils in the district vary from tract to tract, so much so that even in a single village, as between field and field, a variety of soils from rich-loam to poor thin murmad is met with. The soils are derived mainly from trap, except in the forest covered mountainous area in the west where they are of lateritic origin. The laterite overlies the trap rock. Consequently, in the western portion the hill tops and ridges are covered with lateritic soils; while in the valleys the soils are of mixed character, varying in colour from brownish to reddish. In the eastern portion, due to its undulating nature, deeper soils are formed in the low-lying parts, while the ridges are covered by shallow soils, more or less partially eroded. Physiographically, Kolhapur district can be divided into three broad soil zones: (a) the western part, with heavy rainfall (is mountainous and woody and is covered with lateritic soils); (b) the fertile central part, with brownish well-drained soils of neutral reaction; and (c) the dry eastern zone, with precarious rainfall and covered with medium black soil of varying depth Annual Rainfall: 1138.5 mm Geology:
Recent and Sub-Recent: Soil and Laterite, Lower Eocene: Deccan trap Cuddapah: Lower Kaladgi Series, Archaean: Granite-gneiss Dharwars
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Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 12 talukas 11 were monitored for 33 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.19 gives the water quality index of ground water for Kolhapur district. Ajra, Hatkanangale, Kagal and Kolhapur : The WQI of these talukas indicated that the water quality was good in all the three years. The standards comparison showed that all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit except nitrate which exceeded the permissible limit. Chandgad, Gadinglaj, Gaganbauda and Panhala : All the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit. Also, the water quality evaluations of the villages of these talukas showed that the water quality was excellent during all the three years. Bhudargad, Radhanagri and Shahuwadi : The water quality indices evaluated for Nitawade, Naganwadi and Pimpalgaon villages of Bhudargad taluka, Amba, Paijarwadi and Wadicharan villages of Shahuwadi taluka and Radhanagri and Shelewadi villages of Radhanagri taluka showed that the water quality varied from good to excellent. The overall water quality was seen to be excellent in 2007-2009 and good in 2008 as supported by all the parameters being within the desirable or permissible limit. Table 6.19 : WQI of Ground Water of Kolhapur District Taluka 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Ajra
Bhudargad
2007 2009
Chandgad
2007 2008 2009
Gadinglaj
WQI 78 55 64 28
Category GW GW GW EXLT
66 39
GW EXLT
22
EXLT
22
EXLT
47
EXLT
47
EXLT
45
EXLT
Village Ajra Ajra Ajra Nitawade Naganwadi Pimpalgaon Naganwadi Pimpalgaon Karve Patne Karve Patne Surute Gadinglaj Nesari Gadinglaj Nesari Gadinglaj Nesari
Well No. K/KL-001 K/KL-001 K/KL-001 K/KL-018 K/KL-007 K/KL-030 K/KL-007 K/KL-030 K/KL-023 K/KL-033 K/KL-023 K/KL-033 K/KL-035 K/KL-010 K/KL-022 K/KL-010 K/KL-022 K/KL-010 K/KL-022
WQI 78 55 64 38 17 66 19 60 27 18 30 18 20 60 34 66 28 60 30
Category GW GW GW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT GW EXLT GW EXLT
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Table 6.19 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Kolhapur District Taluka
WQI 17 23
Category EXLT EXLT
17
EXLT
94 92 79 64 80 57
GW GW GW GW GW GW
70
GW
72
GW
2009
60
GW
2007
33
EXLT
32 24
EXLT EXLT
2007 2008
Gaganbawada
2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Hatkanangale
Kagal
2007
2008
Kolhapur
Panhala 2008 2009
Village Aslaj Gagan bauda Aslaj Gagan bauda Aslaj Kini wathar Kini wathar Kini wathar Surupali Surupali Murgud Gokul shirgaon Khupire Shiradwad Washi Shiroli Authur Halkarne Khindi Varvade Madlgi Budrukh Partangale Solankuv Gokul shirgaon Khupire Shiradwad Washi Shiroli Partangale Khupire Shiradwad Washi Shiroli Authur Khindi Varvade Partangale Panhala Pimpli Tarf Thane Undri Panhala Panhala Undri
Well No. K/KL-039 K/KL-016 K/KL-039 K/KL-016 K/KL-039 K/KL-012 K/KL-012 K/KL-012 K/KL-029 K/KL-029 K/KL-004 K/KL-017 K/KL-025 K/KL-005 K/KL-034 K/KL-002 K/KL-019 K/KL-036 K/KL-038 K/KL-021 K/KL-008 K/KL-043 K/KL-017 K/KL-025 K/KL-005 K/KL-034 K/KL-002 K/KL-008 K/KL-025 K/KL-005 K/KL-034 K/KL-002 K/KL-019 K/KL-038 K/KL-008 K/KL-006 K/KL-027 K/KL-024 K/KL-006 K/KL-006 K/KL-024
WQI 17 25 21 18 16 94 92 79 64 80 57 65 59 100 52 125 101 134 29 19 46 36 65 65 94 55 107 46 53 98 51 71 78 30 41 26 50 22 32 24 25
Category EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW PW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW GW GW PW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
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Table 6.19 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Kolhapur District Taluka 2007 2008
Radhanagari
2009 2007 2008
Shahuwadi
2009
WQI 53
Category GW
33
EXLT
42 33
EXLT EXLT
59
GW
46
EXLT
Village Radhanagari Shelewadi Radhanagari Shelewadi Radhanagari Amba Paijarwadi Amba Wadicharan Amba Paijarwadi Wadicharan
Well No. K/KL-032 K/KL-037 K/KL-032 K/KL-037 K/KL-032 K/KL-013 K/KL-015 K/KL-013 K/KL-028 K/KL-013 K/KL-015 K/KL-028
WQI 41 65 42 24 42 22 45 24 94 19 24 95
Category EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT GW
Three years water quality of Kolhapur district showed good water quality at Chandgad, Gadinglaj, Gaganbawada and Panhala. Also talukas viz. Ajra, Hatkanangale, Kagal and Kolhapur showed good water quality. Connecting river networks along with constructed dam with water reservoirs and average annual rainfall in this district helps to recharge the ground water resources. 16) Latur District
Latur is one of the drought districts of Marathwada region of Maharashtra State. It is situated in the south-eastern part of the State, and at the border of Maharashtra and Karnataka States. The district forms part of Godavari basin. Manjra River is the main river flowing through the district. General Information: Geographical Area: 7157 sq. km. Talukas -10; Latur, Ahmedpur, Udgir, Nilanga, Ausa, Renapur, Chakur, Shirur-Anantpal, Deoniand, Jalkot. Villages: 945, Population (2001): 20,80,285 Soil Type: The district can be divided into the following two zones based on soil characteristics i.e., the first zone which occurs in eastern part of the district comprises of Ahmedpur, Udgir and parts of Latur and Ausa talukas. It consists of light and light medium soil of inferior type. They are not retentive of moisture and are therefore suitable for the cultivation of Kharif crops only. The soil in some parts of Nilanga taluka is of Lateritic type and the second zone which occurs in western part of the district comprising parts of Latur and Ausa talukas. They are heavy deep black cotton soils. Owing to the peculiarity of the soil, both Kharif and Rabi crops are cultivated in this zone. Annual Rainfall: 650 mm to 800 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt
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Major Ground water problems and issues: The entire district comes under “drought area”. In major parts of the district, falling/declining water level trends have been observed in almost entire Nilanga, Ausa, Latur and Renapur talukas and northern part of Ahmadpur and southern part of Udgir taluka. These areas also coincide with deeper pre-monsoon water levels in the range of 10 to 20 m below ground level. The talukas categorized as “Semi-Critical” viz., Latur and Renapur as well as Ausa, Nilanga and Chakur, talukas where the stage of ground water development has already reached about 70% or more also coincide with the deeper water level and declining trend areas. Ground water quality is adversely affected by nitrate contamination. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 10 talukas 8 were monitored for 24 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.20 gives the water quality index of ground water for Latur district. Ahmadpur : The BIS Standards comparison showed that poor quality in this region, could be due to high levels of TH (50% exceedance) and nitrate (100% exceedance) respectively. For Ahmadpur and Kingaon villages of this taluka, poor water quality was observed in 2007-08 and in 2009 it was good. Ausa: The WQI for Ausa taluka indicated that the water quality was good throughout years, except during 2007 for Balkan where it was poor. The overall ground water quality was found to be good in 2008-09. Latur: In the villages of Latur taluka, the WQI evaluation indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor but the overall water quality was found to be poor in 2007-08 and good in 2009. The poor water quality could be due to the nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit. Nilanga, Chakur, Jacket and Udgir: The ground water quality indices evaluated for the villages of these talukas indicated that the water quality was good throughout all years. All the parameters were within the permissible limit except nitrate in some places. Renapur: Pagan village in 2007 and Renapur village in 2008 were monitored, the WQI evaluations showed good and excellent water quality respectively. All the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit. Table 6.20 : WQI of Ground Water of Latur District Taluka 2007 2008 2009
Ahmadpur
2007
Nilanga
WQI 122 113 108
Category PW PW PW
79
GW
Village Ahmadpur Ahmadpur Ahmadpur Kingaon Kasar Sirs Panchincholi
Well No. G/LT-015 G/LT-015 G/LT-015 G/LT-019 G/LT-025 G/LT-018
WQI 122 104 88 128 80 79
Category PW PW GW PW GW GW
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Table 6.20 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Latur District Taluka
WQI 81
Category GW
2009
94
GW
2007 2008
179 76
PW GW
2009
68
GW
2007
94
GW
2008
97
GW
2009
90
GW
54 58 101
GW GW PW
112
PW
99
GW
67 45 72
GW EXLT GW
62
GW
2008 Nilanga
Ausa
Chakur
2008 2009 2007
2008
Jalkot
Latur
2009
2007 2008 2007
Renapur
Udgir 2009
Village Kasar Sirsi Kelgaon Panchincholi Kasar Sirsi Kelgaon Panchincholi Belkund Ausa Lamjana Phata Belkund Bhada Budhoda Mahalangra Ashta Chapoli Nalegaon Ashta Chapoli Ashta Chapoli Patoda Patoda Borgaon Kale Murud-Akola Panderwadi Borgaon Kale Murud Murud-Akola Panderwadi Borgaon Kale Murud Murud-Akola Panderwadi Patroli Pangaon Renapur Mogha Udgir Mogha Udgir
Well No. G/LT-025 G/LT-031 G/LT-018 G/LT-025 G/LT-031 G/LT-018 G/LT-036 G/LT-014 G/LT-022 G/LT-036 G/LT-032 G/LT-003 G/LT-027 G/LT-034 G/LT-008 G/LT-013 G/LT-034 G/LT-008 G/LT-034 G/LT-008 G/LT-030 G/LT-030 G/LT-029 G/LT-007 G/LT-035 G/LT-029 G/LT-017 G/LT-007 G/LT-035 G/LT-029 G/LT-017 G/LT-007 G/LT-035 G/LT-054 G/LT-020 G/LT-026 G/LT-028 G/LT-052 G/LT-028 G/LT-052
WQI 95 71 77 116 92 74 179 90 61 56 61 87 65 128 118 65 87 108 74 106 54 58 143 93 66 114 104 173 59 99 100 123 101 69 67 45 61 83 51 73
Category GW GW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW GW GW PW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW PW PW PW GW GW PW PW PW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW
Three years water quality of Latur district showed good water quality at Nilanga, Chakur, Jalkot and Udgir. The consistently poor water quality marked at Ahmadpur. Being a drought district drinking water problems were severing, especially during summer season. The TH and nitrate contamination is the major issue for this district needs a special attention.
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17) Mumbai The broad physiographic feature of the Mumbai district is broad and flat terrain flanked by north - south trending hill ranges. The hill ranges form almost parallel ridges in the eastern and western part of the area. The Powai – Kanheri hills form the largest hilly terrain in the central part of the Salsette Island and are the feeder zone for the three lakes viz., Powai, Vihar and Tulsi. The area is drained by Mahim, Mithi, Dahisar and Poisar rivers. General Information: Geographical Area: 603 sq. km. (Mumbai City- 69 sq. km.; Mumbai Suburb- 534 sq. km. Taluka/ Villages /Wards – Churchgate, Colaba, Deulwadi, Mahim, Mahroli, Borivali, Goregaon-Andheri and Kurla Population (2001): 1,77,02,761 Soil Type: Medium to deep black and reddish colored soil Annual Rainfall: 1800 mm to 2400 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene: Basalt (Deccan Trap), Rhyolite and Trachyte
Major Ground water problems and issues: Drinking water supply is provided through water reservoirs like Modak sagar, Tansa and Vaitarna located in Thane district from where water is pumped by gravity force in Mumbai city. Ground water exploitation for commercial purposes like construction purposes, hotel industry and for domestic purpose of the housing societies is carried out in entire district and the water is extracted from existing dug wells and bore wells, even new bore wells are also being drilled for this purpose. Being complex city under ground serwer system most of the time leak out and affect the ground water resources. Being a coastal city and sandy soil texture helps to capillaries salinity from sea front into the ground water in near by areas. Geologically existing rivers viz. Mithi, Dahisar and Poisar are now a days highly polluted due to the non point discharge of domestic sewage and carrying industrial effluents on the bank of the rivers. In addition to this various dumping locations, oil refineries, reactors, fertilizers industry have also affecting to the ground water quality in nearby areas. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 24 wards in Mumbai 6 locations were monitored by CGWB. The city is mainly divided into main city and suburban area. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.21 gives the water quality index of ground water for Mumbai district.
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Mumbai City: The standard comparison for Mumbai city indicated that none of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit for all the samples monitored. The WQI evaluations of Mumbai (Churchgate) and Colaba (Dandi) indicated that the ground water quality was good in all three years. Whereas, Deulwadi water quality was found to be good in 2007. Mahim taluka indicated that the ground water quality was good in 2008 and excellent in 2007 and 2009. In Mahroli (Chemur) area water quality was observed to be good in 2009. Mumbai Suburban Area: The descriptive statistics of the talukas of Mumbai sub-urban district indicated that none of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit for all the samples monitored. Ground water monitoring of Kurla was done in 2008 and the WQI evaluations indicated that the ground water quality was excellent. The ground water quality evaluations of A.M.C Colony showed that the water quality was good in 2008 and excellent in 2007 and 2009. Dahisar village in Borivali taluka was monitored for the year 2008-09 and it showed very poor water quality during 2008 which improved as excellent in 2009. Table 6.21 : WQI of Ground Water of Mumbai District Taluka WQI Mumbai City 75 2007 Church Gate 90 2008 70 2009 58 2007 Colaba 76 2008 58 2009 Deulwadi 63 2007 49 2007 Mahim 54 2008 37 2009 Mahroli 73 2009 Mumbai Suburban Area 109 2008 Borivali 46 2009 38 2007 60 2008 Goregaon -Andheri 38 2009 Kurla 25 2008
Category GW GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW EXLT GW PW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT
Village
Well No.
WQI
Category
Mahroli
C/BB-002 C/BB-002 C/BB-002 C/BB-005 C/BB-005 C/BB-005 C/BB-007 C/BB-006 C/BB-006 C/BB-006 C/BB-004
75 90 70 58 76 58 63 49 54 37 73
GW GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW EXLT GW
Dahisar Dahisar A.M.C.Colony A.M.C.Colony A.M.C.Colony Chembur
C/BB-003 C/BB-003 C/BB-001 C/BB-001 C/BB-001 C/BB-004
109 46 38 60 38 25
PW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT
Church Gate
Colaba Deulwadi Mahim
Even though the overall water quality establishes to be good, but still city is facing problem of water contamination by local activities like submerged sewer lines. Unhygienic transportation of bore and dug well to the residential and commercial places. Salinity and hardness is of major concern because of coast line area.
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18) Nagpur district Nagpur district is one of the nine districts of Vidarbha Region of Maharashtra State. The district forms part of Deccan Plateau having flat topped and terraced features. Eastward and northeastwards the landscape changes due to the change in the underlying rocks. On the north, the upland ranges are the extension of Satpuras which gradually narrow down towards west. South of these upland range stretches the Ambegad hills, the western extremity of which is the Nagpur district. The northeastern and east central parts of the district are drained by the Wainganga and its tributaries. The central and western portion is drained by the Wena which is a tributary of Wardha River. The district forms part of Godavari basin. Wainganga River is the main river flowing through the district. General Information: Geographical Area: 9892 sq. km. Taluka-14; Nagpur (Urban), Kamptee, Mouda, Ramtek, Parseoni, Saoner, Kalmeshwar, Narkhed, Katol, Hingna, Nagpur (Rural), Umred, Kuhi, Bhiwapur. Villages: 1562 Population: 40.51 Lakh Soil Type: Some of the soil pattern found in Nagpur district are : 1) Kali soils: These are black cotton soils which are fine grained clayey in texture and varies in depth from 1 m to 6 m or more and retain moisture. They are found around Kalmeshwar, Saoner and Nagpur. 2) Morand soils: These are predominant in the district. They are black cotton soils with higher percentage of lime than the Kali soils. They are black, grey or light to dark brown in colour, clayey in texture and have a depth of about 1 to 3 m. 3) Khardi soils: They are shallow soils mixed with sand and found mainly in hills. These are grey in colour, clay loam in texture. 4) Bardi soils: They are red gravel covered with boulders found on summits and slopes of trap hills and are less fertile in nature. 5) Kachchar soils: They are mainly found in the banks of Kanhan River and are alluvial soils, loamy in nature and vary in depth from 1 to 3 m. 6) Wardi soils: They are red soils with a large amount of sand. They are shallower and clayey loam in nature. They are mainly found in the paddy tracts in the eastern part of the district. Annual Rainfall: 1000 mm to 1200 mm Geology: Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt Cretaceous: Lameta, Permian to Carboniferous: Gondwana Archean: Crystalline rocks Major Ground water problems and issues: Ground water quality in parts of Nagpur city is adversely affected by nitrate contamination, whereas in Kalmeshwar and Hingna MIDC areas the contamination of ground water of phreatic zone has taken place due to discharge of industrial effluents.
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Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 14 talukas 12 were monitored for 37 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.22 gives the water quality index of ground water for Nagpur district. Bhivapur, Hingna, Mouda, Nagpur and Parseoni: The water quality evaluations of the villages of these talukas indicated that the overall ground water quality was good in all these talukas for the available data set. Also, it was observed from the descriptive statistics that except high nitrate levels in 23-36% samples, almost all other samples were within the desirable or permissible limit. Kamptee and Ramtek : The WQI for Kamptee and Koradi villages of Kamptee taluka and Ramtek village of Ramtek taluka indicated that the overall water quality of these talukas was poor for the available data set. The poor water quality could be due to the high levels of fluoride and nitrate in all the samples as observed in the descriptive statistics. Umred: Umred village in Umred taluka, monitored in 2008, showed that the water quality was excellent as all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit. Saoner : In this taluka, water quality varied from good to poor. The overall ground water quality was found to be poor in 2007 while good in 2008-09. The probable reasons for poor water quality could be the high levels of TH, Mg and nitrate in the range of 17 to 20% and 33-50% respectively. Narkhed: The WQI of Narkhed, Sawargaon and Wardhamna villages of Narkhed taluka indicated that the overall ground water quality was poor in 2007 and 2009 while good in 2008. The standard comparison gives the poor water quality, which probably due to high level of nitrate i.e. 67-100% and for Mg i.e. 33% of values exceeding to the BIS Standard. Kuhi: The ground water monitoring carried out in Kuhi village of Kuhi taluka indicated that the ground water quality was excellent in both the years i.e. 2007-08. Kalmeshwar: Kalmeshwar and Dhapewada villages in Kalmeshwar taluka varied between poor to unsuitable for drinking. The overall ground water quality of the taluka was very poor in 2007, unsuitable for drinking in 2008 and poor in 2009. The high contamination levels of TDS, TH, Ca, Mg and nitrate is about 50-100% in ground water.
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Table 6.22 : WQI of Ground Water of Nagpur District Taluka 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008
Bhivapur
Hingna
Kalmeshwar
2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2007 2008
Kamptee
Kuhi
Mouda
2009 2007
Nagpur
WQI 65 53 61 53 64 51 283
Category GW GW GW GW GW GW VPW
313
UNSUT
129 133
PW PW
110
PW
110 49 40 78
PW EXLT EXLT GW
65
GW
66
GW
89
GW
Village Nawegaon Nawegaon Nawegaon Amgaon Amgaon Amgaon Kalmeshwar Dhaewada Kalmeshwar Dhapewada Dhapewada Kamptee Koradi Kamptee Koradi Koradi Kuhi Kuhi Khat Chacher Khat Chacher Chacher Deolapar Makardhokda Panchgaon Nagpur City Nagpur City Borkhedi Mangli Chorbaoli Kanholi bara Sathnaori Sirpur Toli Sivani Wagholi
Well No. G/NG-038 G/NG-038 G/NG-038 G/NG-061 G/NG-061 G/NG-061 G/NG-013 G/NG-064 G/NG-013 G/NG-064 G/NG-064 G/NG-059 G/NG-065 G/NG-059 G/NG-065 G/NG-065 G/NG-044 G/NG-044 G/NG-030 G/NG-021 G/NG-030 G/NG-021 G/NG-021 G/NG-009 G/NG-043 G/NG-011 G/NG-035 G/NG-066 G/NG-031 G/NG-060 G/NG-014 G/NG-041 G/NG-025 G/NG-029 G/NG-018 G/NG-028
WQI 65 53 61 53 64 51 442 124 516 109 129 136 130 123 97 110 49 40 64 92 63 67 66 80 65 69 85 93 90 191 75 116 110 43 73 72
Category GW GW GW GW GW GW UNSUT PW UNSUT PW PW PW PW PW GW PW EXLT EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW PW PW EXLT GW GW
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Table 6.22 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Nagpur District Taluka
WQI
Category
79
GW
2009
92
GW
2007
125
PW
86
GW
2009
103
PW
2007
83
GW
2008
Nagpur
2008
2008
2009
Narkhed
Parseoni
63
70
GW
GW
Village Deolapar Makardhokda Panchgaon Nagpur City Nagpur City Borkhedi Gumgaon Mangli Chorbaoli Sathnaori Sirpur Toli Sivani Wagholi Deolapar Makardhokda Borkhedi Mangli1 Chorbaoli Kanholi bara Nara Sathnaori Sirpur Toli Sivani Wagholi Narkhed Sawargaon Wardhamna Narkhed Sawargaon Wardhamna Narkhed Sawargaon Wardhamna Parseoni Chargaon (Punarwasi) Nayakund Parseoni Chargaon (Punarwasi) Nayakund Parseoni Nayakund
Well No. G/NG-009 G/NG-043 G/NG-011 G/NG-035 G/NG-066 G/NG-031 G/NG-008 G/NG-060 G/NG-014 G/NG-025 G/NG-029 G/NG-018 G/NG-028 G/NG-009 G/NG-043 G/NG-031 G/NG-060 G/NG-014 G/NG-041 G/NG-058 G/NG-025 G/NG-029 G/NG-018 G/NG-028 G/NG-007 G/NG-062 G/NG-012 G/NG-007 G/NG-062 G/NG-012 G/NG-007 G/NG-062 G/NG-012 G/NG-016
WQI 61 51 83 81 86 74 62 199 67 96 51 61 57 64 52 83 57 70 110 133 96 43 77 232 179 89 106 128 70 61 173 81 56 76
Category GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW GW EXLT GW VPW PW GW PW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW
G/NG-032 G/NG-026 G/NG-016
99 73 55
GW GW GW
G/NG-032 G/NG-026 G/NG-016 G/NG-026
78 57 80 59
GW GW GW GW
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Table 6.22 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Nagpur District 2007 2008
Taluka Ramtek
2007
2008
Saoner
2009
2008
Umred
WQI 175 169
Category PW PW
116
PW
97
GW
85
GW
48
EXLT
Village Ramtek Ramtek Kelod Khubala Manegaon Tek Mohpa Nagalwadi Kothulna Kelod Khubala Manegaon Tek Mohpa Nagalwadi Kothulna Kelod Khubala Mohpa Nagalwadi Kothulna Umred
Well No. G/NG-004 G/NG-004 G/NG-023 G/NG-027 G/NG-022 G/NG-063 G/NG-017 G/NG-039 G/NG-023 G/NG-027 G/NG-022 G/NG-063 G/NG-017 G/NG-039 G/NG-023 G/NG-027 G/NG-063 G/NG-017 G/NG-039 G/NG-002
WQI 175 169 112 64 144 79 68 229 93 48 136 62 53 190 97 56 78 63 133 48
Category PW PW PW GW PW GW GW VPW GW EXLT PW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW PW EXLT
Three years water quality of Nagpur district showed excellent water quality at Umred and Kuhi. The parts of this district showed good water quality at Bhivapur, Hingna, Mouda, Nagpur and Parseoni, whereas talukas namely Kamptee and Ramtek had a poor water quality. The high concentration of TH, Mg and nitrate along with fluoride exceedance in some part of this region, are the major issues for this district.
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19) Nanded district Nanded District is located in the south eastern part of the state of Maharashtra, bordering Andhra Pradhesh. The area presents undulating topography with uneven hills, plateau, gentle slopes and valley planes. Physiographically, the district can be divided in to 2 major parts, the hilly region on the North and North East and low lying area on the banks of the rivers Godavari, Manjra, Manyad, Penganga etc. The main river in the district is Godavari which flows nearly through the centre of the district. General Information: Geographical Area: 10,332 sq. km Taluka-16; Nanded, Kandhar, Loha, Mudkhed, Ardhapur, Degloor, Mukhed, Biloli, Naigaon (kh), Dharmabad, Kinwat, Mahur, Himayatnagar, Bhokar, Umri, Hadgaon Villages: 1572 Population: 28,76,259 Soil Type: The development of soils is mainly influenced by the topographical situation. Soils along the banks of rivers are deep and clayey. Except for the depth, the soils of the district do not show much variation in physical and chemical properties. Soils have light grey-brown to grey-brown colour on the surface, clayey texture and blocky structure. Soils are highly clayey with clay content varying from 45.50 to 69.50 per cent. The high exchangeable capacity of the soils indicates the inherent high status of soil fertility. Annual Rainfall: 953.8 mm Geology: Recent- Soil and gravel, Cretaceous to Eocene- Deccan trap flows, Archaean: Peninsular granite complex-pink and grey granites and quartz veins. Banded haematite-quartzites and epidiorites of the Dharwar system Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 16 talukas 7 were monitored for 20 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.23 gives the water quality index of ground water for Nanded district. Bhokar and Himayat Nagar: The standard comparison of this taluka showed that TH and nitrate exceeded the permissible limit during the year 2007 -08, in support to this WQ was found to be poor during 2007 Kinwat, Mahur, and Biloli : Bothroad and Unkeshwar villages of Kinwat, Anjankhed of Mahur and Narsi village of Biloli talukas were monitored for the ground water quality. At all this locations most of the parameters were found to be within permissible limit. WQI evaluations showed that water quality of these locations was good.
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Mukhed and Nanded: The standard comparison of this taluka showed that nitrate values were exceeding in the range of 33-100%, where as during 2008 in taluka Mukhed fluoride values exceeded to 25% samples. Other parameters were within the desirable and permissible limits. The overall water quality for three years at these locations was found to be good. Table 6.23 : WQI of Ground Water of Nanded District WQI 168 136 68 148 173 61 83 84
Category PW PW GW PW PW GW GW GW
88
GW
95
GW
2009
85
GW
2007
85
GW
91
GW
94
GW
53 73
GW GW
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2007 2008 2007
Taluka Bhokar Hadgaon Himayat Nagar Kinwat Mahur
2007
2008
2008
Mukhed
Nanded
2009
2007 2008
Biloli
Village Bhokar Bhokar Dorli Dorli Himayat Nagar Bothroad (Bodhadi) Unkeshwar Anjankhed Sikarghat (Amdura) Gojegaon Barad Lahan Mudkhed Mukrambad (Kharka) Sikarghat (Amdura) Gojegaon Lahan Mudkhed Lahan Malegaon (I) Mudkhed Jamb Buzurg Jhalakwadi Kamtala Karadkher Narwat Waranga Dhawari Buzurg Jhalakwadi Kamtala Narwat Dhawari Buzurg Kamtala Narwat Narsi Narsi
Well No. G/ND-008 G/ND-008 G/ND-033 G/ND-033 G/ND-014 G/ND-030 G/ND-051 G/ND-063 G/ND-003 G/ND-004 G/ND-029 G/ND-037 G/ND-056 G/ND-021 G/ND-003 G/ND-004 G/ND-037 G/ND-056 G/ND-037 G/ND-017 G/ND-056 G/ND-012 G/ND-047 G/ND-041 G/ND-024 G/ND-015 G/ND-049 G/ND-027 G/ND-047 G/ND-041 G/ND-015 G/ND-027 G/ND-041 G/ND-015 G/ND-038 G/ND-038
WQI 168 136 68 148 173 42 83 84 103 51 90 121 101 64 121 61 97 102 110 45 100 101 58 74 105 99 74 75 86 81 123 65 78 138 53 73
Category PW PW GW PW PW EXLT GW GW PW GW GW PW PW GW PW GW GW PW PW EXLT GW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW
Average water quality of Nanded district varied between good to poor. Most of the time poor water quality was reported in Talukas Bhokar and Himayat Nagar. High values of nitrate and fluoride are the major issue for this region so they need special attention. 6-96
20) Nandurbar District Nandurbar district was derived from Dhule district on 1st July 1998. It is surrounded by Dhule district in the south and east, Gujarat State in the west and Madhya Pradesh State in the north. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people. The district forms part of Tapi and Narmada basins. The district can be broadly divided into following four distinct physiographic units i.e., Satpura Hilly Region, Tapi River Valley proper, Region of the dykes and residual hills of the Sahyadri Spurs. North of Tapi River, the whole length of the rich alluvial plain is bounded by the steep southern face of the Satpudas. Satpudas rise from the first range of hills, ridge behind ridge to the central ridge to a height of about 600 meters above mean sea level (m amsl) and then slope down rather steeply towards the Narmada. General Information: Geographical Area: 5034 sq. km. Taluka- 6, Nandurbar, Nawapur, Shahada, Taloda, Akkalkuva and Akrani Villages: 864 Population: 13,09,135 Soil Type: Mainly three types of soils are observed in the district i.e., coarse shallow soils, medium deep soils and deep black soils. The soils of the district are basically derived from Deccan Trap Basalt to the south of Tapi River. North of Tapi River the soils are from Deccan Trap Basalt as well as from alluvial formations. The northern part of the district has dark brown to yellowish brown coarse shallow to medium deep soils, with clayey loamy deep soils of Tapi River and Narmada River valley to its south and north respectively. Below the Tapi River valley comes the belt of medium deep soils mostly with interception of medium and shallow soils in scattered patches, depending on the local conditions. Annual Rainfall: 650 mm to 1100 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt Middle-Upper Cretaceous: Bagh Bed
Major Ground water problems and issues: Almost entire Akkalkuwa taluka and parts of Akrani, Nawapur and Nandurbar talukas are categorized as ‘drought area’. The deeper water levels are also observed in northern part of the district i.e., in almost entire Akrani taluka and northern parts of Akkalkuva, Taloda and Shahada talukas during both pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Thus the deeper water levels are mostly confined to alluvial areas and hilly basaltic areas. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 6 talukas 4 were monitored for 14 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.24 gives the water quality index of ground water for Nandurbar district.
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Akkalkuva, Nandurbar, Navapur and Taloda : All the villages of these taluka showed that overall water quality was good throughout the years. However, poor water quality was observed in Bhadavad village (in 2007 and 2009) and also in Wadali Shivar village (in 2008) of Nandurbar taluka. High exceedance in the range of 13-25% for TH, Mg and nitrate was observed in these talukas. Also, there were few villages with excellent water quality. Table 6.24 : WQI of Ground Water of Nadurbar District Taluka
WQI 58 53 60
Category GW GW GW
77
GW
2008
69
GW
2009
77
GW
2007
78
GW
79
GW
83 72 59
GW GW GW
64
GW
2007 2008 2009
Akkalkuva
2007
Nandurbar
2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Navapur
Taloda
Village Akkalkuva Akkalkuva Akkalkuva Nandurbar Ranala Bhadavad Kuntumwadi Loy Rajhava Vadkolambi Wadali Shivar Nandurbar Ranala Bhadavad Khuntamwadi Loy Ranala Bhadavad Khuntamwadi Loy Vadkolambi Viasarwadi Nawapur Viasarwadi Nawapur Nawapur Taloda Rozwe Taloda Rozwe Taloda
Well No. T/NR-011 T/NR-011 T/NR-011 T/NR-001 T/NR-007 T/NR-016 T/NR-024 T/NR-020 T/NR-025 T/NR-015 T/NR-022 T/NR-001 T/NR-007 T/NR-016 T/NR-024 T/NR-020 T/NR-007 T/NR-016 T/NR-024 T/NR-020 T/NR-015 T/NR-004 T/NR-023 T/NR-004 T/NR-023 T/NR-023 T/NR-026 T/NR-025 T/NR-026 T/NR-025 T/NR-026
WQI 58 53 60 99 68 133 47 66 48 49 106 79 70 91 46 56 76 139 49 82 41 68 89 69 88 83 72 45 74 53 75
Category GW GW GW GW GW PW EXLT GW EXLT EXLT PW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW PW EXLT GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW
Average water quality of Nadurbar district was good for all the talukas. Even though all locations showed good water quality, this region has similar ground water problems as found in nearby district. Also, the water quality was excellent in Kuntumwadi, Rajhava, Vadkolambi and Rojwe villages of this district.
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21) Nashik District
Nashik district is situated in north western part of Maharashtra. Nashik is one of the largest districts in Maharashtra in terms of area and population. The district forms part of Godavari basin (southern part) and Tapi basin (northern part). Godavari and Girna are the main rivers flowing through the district. The district forms part of Western Ghat and Deccan Plateau. Physiographically Nasik district comprises varied topography. The main system of hills is Sahayadri and its offshoots viz., Satmala, Selbari and Dolbari hill ranges. These hill ranges along with eastern and southern plains and Godavari valley are the distinct physiographic units. The northern part of the district falls under Tapi basin whereas the southern part of the district falls under Godavari basin. General Information: Geographical Area: 15530 sq. km Taluka–15; Nashik, Igatpuri, Dindori,Peint, Surgana, Deola, Satana, Kalwan, Chandwad, Niphad, Sinnar, Yeola, Malegaon, Nandgaon, Trimbakeshwar. Villages: 1931 Population: 49,94,000 Soil Type: The soils of the district are the weathering products of Basalt and have various shades from gray to black, red and pink color. The soils occurring in the district are classified in the four categories namely lateritic black soil (Kali), reddish brown soil (Mal), coarse shallow reddish black soil (Koral), medium light brownish black soil (Barad). In general the soils are very fertile and suitable for growing cereal and pulses. The black soil contains high alumina and carbonates of calcium and magnesium with variable amounts of potash, low nitrogen and phosphorus. The red soil is less common and is suitable for cultivation under a heavy and consistent rainfall. Annual Rainfall: 500 mm to 3400 mm Geology: Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt Major Ground water problems and issues: Major part of the district (about 75%) falling east of Western Ghats comprising almost entire Sinnar, Niphad, Surgana, Kalvan, Satana, Chandwad, Yeola talukas and parts of Dindori, Peint and Malegaon talukas is classified as ‘drought areas’. Major parts of the districts show fall in water level during pre monsoon period. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 15 talukas 14 were monitored for 35 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.25 gives the water quality index of ground water for Nashik district.
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Dindori, Igatpuri, Kalwan, Nashik, Yeola and Peinth : The comparison with BIS standard shows that all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit except nitrate which exceeded the permissible limit in some places. The WQI evaluation estimated that the overall ground water quality was good for all the available data sets. Chandwad : The ground water monitoring was carried out at Sogras village of Chandwad taluka in 2008 and the WQI evaluation showed that the water quality was excellent. Malegaon : Nitrate levels exceeded the permissible limit in 25-33% samples. The WQI evaluations for Jalgaon, Karanjagavan, Ravalgaon and Jhodga villages of this taluka, varied from good to poor in all three years. However, the overall ground water quality of the taluka was poor in 2007 and good in 2008-09. Nandgaon : In Nandgaon water quality was very poor in 2007 and poor in 2008, which could be affected due to TH, Mg and nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit. Niphad : The WQI for Pimpalgaon Baswant and Savargaon villages in this taluka varied from good to poor. However, it was excellent at Savargaon in 2007. The probable reason for declining water quality could be the high nitrate levels exceeding in around 50-100% samples. Satana: The overall ground water quality of this taluka was poor in 2007-08 and good in 2009. Most impacted area were Nampur, Satana and Lakhimpur villages where quality lied between good to very poor. Major parameters such as TH, Mg and nitrate levels exceed the 50% permissible limit in 50% samples. Sinnar : In Sinnar water quality was very poor for the year 2008-09. The sources of pollutants could be chemical fertilizers, pesticides, sewer leakage, faulty landfill leachates, contamination by industrial and municipal wastes, etc. Trimbakeshwar: In Dahelwadi, Harsul and Trimbakeshwar villages of this taluka, water quality was excellent for all the years, except at Trimbakeshwar in 2008 where it was good. The overall ground water quality of this taluka was good to excellent. The statistics comparison showed that all the parameters were within the permissible or desirable limit.
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Table 6.25 : WQI of Ground Water of Nashik District WQI 38 124
Category EXLT PW
2007
60
GW
2008
56
GW
80
GW
63 71 61 60 65 68
GW GW GW GW GW GW
2007
116
PW
2008
94
GW
2008 2009
2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Taluka Chandwad Deola
Dindori
Igatpuri
Kalwan
Malegaon 2009 2007 2008
Nandgaon
90 226 174
GW VPW PW
2007
Nashik
84
GW
Village Sogras Deola Dindori Kokanwadi Mhasrul Nalegaon Dindori Karanjali Kona Mhasrul Dindori Mhasrul Vasali Vasali Igatpuri Dalwat Dalwat Dalwat Jalgaon Karanjagavan Ravalgaon Jalgaon Jhodga Karanjagavan Ravalgaon Ravalgaon Nandgaon Nandgaon Deolali Shinde Botgaon Pimpri Chikhalohol Dhundegaon Ghagbari Nandur Shirgate Raslapur
Well No. G/NS-047 T/NS-037 G/NS-019 T/NS-006 G/NS-044 G/NS-041 G/NS-019 G/NS-042 T/NS-035 G/NS-044 G/NS-019 G/NS-044 G/NS-022 G/NS-022 G/NS-077 T/NS-038 T/NS-038 T/NS-038 T/NS-028 T/NS-023 T/NS-009 T/NS-028 T/NS-051 T/NS-023 T/NS-009 T/NS-009 T/NS-054 T/NS-054 G/NS-002 G/NS-052 G/NS-079 T/NS-005 G/NS-056 T/NS-040 G/NS-021 G/NS-017
WQI 38 124 62 73 60 44 65 50 39 71 83 76 63 71 61 60 65 68 163 99 85 125 65 105 82 90 226 174 82 46 112 75 43 45 75 197
Category EXLT PW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW GW PW GW GW VPW PW GW EXLT PW GW EXLT EXLT GW PW
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Table 6.25 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Nashik District Taluka
2008
WQI
Category
86
GW
2009
95
GW
2007
78
GW
145
PW
122
PW
Nashik
2008
Niphad
2009 2008 2009 2007
Peinth
77 71 182
GW GW PW
2008
Satana
178
PW
2009
80
GW
2007
38
EXLT
2008
Trimbakeshwar
51
GW
2009 2007 2008 2009
Yeola Sinnar
41 61 233 257
EXLT GW VPW VPW
Village
Well No.
WQI
Category
Deolali Shinde Borgaon Pimpri Chikhalohol Dhundegaon Ghagbari Nandur Shirgate Raslapur Deolali Shinde Borgaon Pimpri Dhundegaon Raslapur Pimpalgaon Baswant Savargaon Pimpalgaon Baswant Savargaon Pimpalgaon Baswant Savargaon Peinth Peinth Nampur Satana Nampur Satana Lakhampur Nampur Dahalewadi Harsul Dahalewadi Harsul Trimbakeswar Harsul Yeola Sinnar Sinnar
G/NS-002 G/NS-052 G/NS-079 T/NS-005 G/NS-056 T/NS-040 G/NS-021 G/NS-017 G/NS-002 G/NS-052 G/NS-079 G/NS-056 G/NS-017 G/NS-013 G/NS-053 G/NS-013 G/NS-053 G/NS-013 G/NS-053 G/NS-050 G/NS-050 T/NS-024 T/NS-010 T/NS-024 T/NS-010 T/NS-076 T/NS-024 G/NS-045 G/NS-043 G/NS-045 G/NS-043 G/NS-018 G/NS-043 G/NS-020 G/NS-015 G/NS-015
85 48 118 77 48 47 67 196 98 63 97 53 163 111 45 106 183 154 90 77 71 94 270 100 256 55 105 36 39 39 38 75 41 61 233 257
GW EXLT PW GW EXLT EXLT GW PW GW GW GW GW PW PW EXLT PW PW PW GW GW GW GW VPW GW VPW GW PW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT GW VPW VPW
From the overall ground water quality of Nashik district, it was observed that talukas namely Chandwad and Trimbakeshwar had excellent water quality. Whereas Dindori, Igatpuri, Kalwan, Nashik, Yeola, Peinth taluka shows good water quality. Sinnar and Nandgaon talukas reported to be very poor. Being a drought area, higher surrounding temperature increases evaporation rate resulting into the lowering down of ground water level and accumulation of inorganic pollutant in the water along with other domestic activities.
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22) Osmanbad District Osmanabad is one of the districts of Marathwada region of Maharashtra and famous for Tuljabhavani temple at Tuljapur. It is situated in the southern part of the State. The district forms part of Deccan Plateau, locally known as Balaghat Plateau, with slope towards southwest and south and has a varied topography consisting of hills, plains and undulating topography near riverbanks. The district forms a part of Godavari basin. The Balaghat Plateau comprises of lowlying hills forming water divide. Many of the tributaries to Godavari River originate from the Balaghat Plateau. Manjra River is the main river flowing through the district. General Information: Geographical Area: 7512 sq. km. Taluka-8; Osmanabad, Tuljapur, Omerga, Lohara, Bhoom, Kallamb, Paranda and Washi Villages: 729 Population: 14,86,586 Soil Type: The soil of the district is basically derived form Deccan Trap Basalt and the district is broadly classified into three major soil types. Shallow Soils occur in small patches in western and northwestern parts of the district. These soils are light brown to dark grey in colour and loamy to clayey loamy in texture. Medium Soils are found in parts of Bhoom, Kallamb and Osmanabad talukas. They are dark brown to dark grey in colour. Medium deep Soils occur in patches in Tuljapur taluka. The colour of these soils varies from dark grey brown to very dark grey. They are clayey in texture. Annual Rainfall: 600 mm to 850 mm Geology: Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt Major Ground water problems and issues: In almost all talukas of Osmanabad district with some exceptions, the ‘severe drought conditions’ were experienced. It is coupled with declining trend of water levels in major part of the district, both during pre and post monsoon periods. The ground water quality in deeper aquifer is generally affected by fluoride and nitrate contamination in Osmanabad, Tuljapur and Omerga taluka and also some parts of urban areas. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 8 talukas 7 were monitored for 11 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.26 gives the water quality index of ground water for Osmanabad district.
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Bhum : It was observed from descriptive statistics that nitrate exceeded in all the samples in 2007, whereas all the other parameters were within desirable or permissible limit. The ground water quality evaluations for Bhum villages of Bhum taluka indicated that the water quality was poor in 2007-08 and good in 2009. Kalambh: Pimpalwadi village in 2007-08 indicated that the water quality was very poor, which could be due to TH, Mg, Ca and nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit. Lohara, Paranda and Tuljapur: The WQI evaluations of Lohara Buzurg village of Lohara, Sonari village of Paranda and Gandora village of Tuljapur taluka indicated that the ground water quality was good for three years. None of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit except nitrate in some samples. Omerga and Osmanbad : Turori village of Omerga and Mouje Barul, Dhoki, Vadgaon Siddheswar, Wakwad and Yedshi villages of Osmanbad taluka where monitored for ground water analysis and they showed poor water quality in 2008 and good in 2007 and 2009. 25-60% of the nitrate values exceeding to the standard in all three years resulting in poor water quality. Table 6.26 : WQI of Ground Water of Osmanabad District Taluka 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008
Bhum Kalambh
2007 2008
Lohara
2009
2007
Osmanabad
WQI 104 104 74 274 238
Category PW PW GW VPW VPW
97
GW
80
GW
72
GW
80
GW
Villages Bhum Bhum Bhum Pimpalwandi Pimpalwandi Lohara Buzurg Lohara Buzurg Lohara Buzurg Mouje Barul Dhoki Vadgaon Siddheswar Wakwad
Well No. G/OS-042 G/OS-042 G/OS-042 K/OS-030 K/OS-030 G/OS-036
WQI 104 74 68 274 238 97
Category PW GW GW VPW VPW GW
G/OS-036
80
GW
G/OS-036
72
GW
K/OS-034 G/OS-046 G/OS-037
68 120 66
GW PW GW
K/OS-040
64
GW
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Table 6.26 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Osmanabad District Taluka
2008
WQI
105
Category
PW
Osmanabad
2009
2007 2008 2009 2007 2009 2008 2009
90
Omerga Paranda Tuljapur Tuljapur
97 115 92 85 67 68 57
GW
GW PW GW GW GW GW GW
Villages Mouje Barul Dhoki Vadgaon Siddheswar Wakwad Yedshi Yedshi Mouje Barul Dhoki Vadgaon Siddheswar Wakwad Yedshi Turori Turori Turori Sonari Sonari Gandora Gandora
Well No. K/OS-034 G/OS-046 G/OS-037
WQI 85 172 79
Category GW PW GW
K/OS-040 G/OS-059 G/OS-060 K/OS-034 G/OS-046 G/OS-037
91 137 65 66 99 65
GW PW GW GW GW GW
K/OS-040 G/OS-059 K/OS-010 K/OS-010 K/OS-010 K/OS-039 K/OS-039 K/OS-003 K/OS-003
88 134 97 115 92 85 67 68 57
GW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW
Osmanabad district comes under the drought area. Also, the average rainfall for this district is very less which results into the less recharging of the ground water levels. Soil and geological nature play significant role to affect the water quality in-terms of high contamination of nitrate and fluoride. Three years data analysis showed that water quality at Lohara, Paranda and Tuljapur was good and Kalambh needs a special attention as WQI was found to be very poor. 23) Parbhani District Parbhani is one of the eight districts in the Marathawada region of Maharashtra State. The hills on the north east form part of the Ajanta Hill ranges which passes through Jintur Tahsil. The hills on the southern side are the Balaghat Hill ranges. General Information: Geographical Area: 6,14,064 sq. km Taluka-9; Parbhani, Gangakhed, Sonpeth, Jintur, Purna, Palam, Pathri, Sailu and Manwath Villages: 852 Population: 15,27,715
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Soil Type: Basically the soil of the district is black and its fertility and deepness is different at different location in the district. The most of the soil in Parbhani district is black cotton soil. The soil near by Godavari River is deep and fertile. Middle part of district viz. Selu, Pathri, Parbhani and Purna talukas and some of the part of Jintur taluka have medium and black soils. Gangakhed and Palam Talukas have light soils. Annual Rainfall: 957.2 mm Geology: Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 9 talukas, 6 were monitored for 13 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.27 gives the water quality index of ground water for Parbhani district. Jintur, Parbhani, Palam and Selu : Also, almost all the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit. The ground water monitoring of these talukas, indicated that the overall ground water quality was good throughout for the available data sets. Manwat : Manwat taluka evaluations showed that water quality was poor in both the years i.e. 2007 and 2009, which could be due to nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit. Pathari : In Babulgaon village of Pathari taluka, ground water quality was very poor. WQI evaluations in Pathari village show good water quality. The standards comparison of Babulgaon village water quality data indicated that nitrate levels exceeded the permissible limit in all samples in 2007. Table 6.27 : WQI of Ground Water of Parbhani District Taluka 2007 2008 2007 2009
Jintur Jintur Manwat
2007
WQI
Category
83
GW
52 141 139
GW PW PW
96
GW
87
GW
62 75 75
GW GW GW
Parbhani 2008 2009 2007 2008
Palam
Villages Jintur Mankeswar Mankeswar Manwat Manwat Kotamwadi Todkalas Gojegaon Pedgaon Singanapur Kotamwadi Todkalas Gojegaon Kotamwadi Kerwadi Kerwadi
Well No. G/PB-004 G/PB-022 G/PB-022 G/PB-005 G/PB-005 G/PB-002 G/PB-024 G/PB-006 G/PB-027 G/PB-010 G/PB-002 G/PB-024 G/PB-006 G/PB-002 G/PB-021 G/PB-021
WQI 116 51 52 141 139 57 127 60 92 145 67 129 64 62 75 75
Category PW GW GW PW PW GW PW GW GW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW
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Table 6.27 : WQI of Ground Water of Parbhani District 2007 2009
Taluka Pathari
2007 2008
Selu
2009
WQI 222 74
Category VPW GW
72
GW
81
GW
76
GW
Villages Babulgaon Pathari Chikhalthana Selu Chikhalthana Selu Chikhalthana Selu
Well No. G/PB-009 G/PB-023 G/PB-001 G/PB-025 G/PB-001 G/PB-025 G/PB-001 G/PB-025
WQI 222 74 53 91 65 98 58 94
Category VPW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW
From the overall ground water quality of Parbhani district, it was observed that talukas namely Jintur, Parbhani, Palam and Selu had good water quality. Whereas, Manwat and Pathari water quality showed poor to very poor. Nitrate level exceedance is the major issue as similar to other district. 24) Pune District Pune is the second largest district of Maharashtra State in respect of area. The district forms part of Western Ghat and Deccan Plateau. Physiographically, the district can be divided in to three distinct belts, western belt cut by deep valleys, divided and crossed by hill ranges, central belt in which a series of small hills stretch in to valleys and large spurs from Plateaux and eastern belt with the low hills sinking slowly in to the plains with relatively broader valleys. The district has major rivers namely Bhima, Ghod, Mula, Mutha and Nira. General Information: Geographical Area: 15642 sq. km Taluka – 14; Baramati, Haveli, Indapur, Ambegaon, Shirur, Khed, Purandhar, Daund, Junnar, Maval, Mulshi, Velhe, Bhor and Pune City. Villages: 1866 Population: 72,33,000 Soil Type: Two types of soils are found in this district: Medium Black and Deep Black soil Annual Rainfall: 468 mm to 4659 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt
Major Ground water problems and issues: Most of the parts of Pune district fall under rain shadow zone of Maharashtra State. Indapur, Baramati, Jujuri, Daund, Talegaon, Dhamdhare, Alandi, Shirur and Bhor covering around 50% area of the district are classified as drought areas. The ground water development in Baramati, Ambegaon, Purandhar and Junnar talukas have already reached up to 100% and these talukas fall under “Semi-Critical” category. The ground water quality is mainly affected by localized nitrate contamination.
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Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 14 talukas were monitored for 41 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.28 gives the water quality index of ground water for Pune district. Ambegaon : The ground water quality evaluated for Chinchle (Bk) Karanjv, Kalamb and Loni (Ambegaon) villages indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor. During 2007 water quality was poor, which could be due to high nitrate levels in 67% samples in all three years but it was good in 2008-09. Also, it was excellent for Chinchle (Bk) Karanjv in 2008-09. Baramati: The WQI evaluations for Dhumalwadi, Dorlewadi and Karanje villages of Baramati taluka varied from good to poor, but the overall water quality of the taluka was poor in all the three years. Percent excedance of nitrate, TH and Mg is about 67-100%. Daund, Pune (Haveli), Junnar, Mawal, Purandar and Shirur : Almost all parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit as per BIS standard. Similarly, the ground water quality evaluations show that the water quality was found to be good throughout for the available data sets. Indapur : The water quality indices evaluated for Bhadalwadi and Nimbgaon-Ketke villages of this taluka indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor. Percent excedance for nitrate ranges between 50-100%. Mulshi, Wadgaon (Maval) and Wehle : For these talukas, the WQI evaluations for the villages indicated that the water quality was excellent as none of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit throughout for the available data set. Rajgurnagar (Khed) : The evaluations of water quality indices for Rajgurnagar (Khed) and Kaharabwadi villages of this taluka indicated that the water quality was excellent in 2007-08 and good in 2009. Only nitrate levels exceeded the permissible limit in about 50% samples in 2009.
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Table 6.28 : WQI of Ground Water of Pune District Taluka
WQI
Category
101
PW
93
GW
2009
84
GW
2007
140
PW
137
PW
2009
118
PW
2007
88
GW
2008
75
GW
2009
87
GW
2007
99
GW
96
GW
2007
2008
2008
Ambegaon
Baramati
Daund
Pune (Haveli)
2008
Villages Chinchle (Bk) Karanjv Kalamb Loni (Ambegaon) Chinchle (Bk) Karanjv Kalamb Loni (Ambegaon) Chinchle (Bk) Karanjv Kalamb Loni (Ambegaon) Dhumalwadi Dorlewadi Karanje Dhumalwadi Dorlewadi Karanje Dhumalwadi Dorlewadi Karanje Patas Yavat Patas Yavat Patas Chinchwad Kasarwadi Pimpri (Kh) Malvasti Pune Shivpur Khed Uruli Kanchan Wagholi Bukum Parne Undavri Kade Pathar Chinchwad Kasarwadi Pimpri (Kh) Malvasti Pune Shivpur Khed Uruli Kanchan Wagholi Bukum Parne Undavri Kade Pathar
Well No. K/PN-035
WQI 57
Category GW
K/PN-011 K/PN-062 K/PN-035
131 114 41
PW PW EXLT
K/PN-011 K/PN-062 K/PN-035
146 91 46
PW GW EXLT
K/PN-011 K/PN-062 K/PN-044 K/PN-043 K/PN-063 K/PN-044 K/PN-043 K/PN-063 K/PN-044 K/PN-043 K/PN-063 K/PN-001 K/PN-014 K/PN-001 K/PN-014 K/PN-001 K/PN-051 K/PN-049 K/PN-032 K/PN-065 K/PN-023 K/PN-041 K/PN-037 K/PN-059 K/PN-055 K/PN-054 K/PN-051 K/PN-049 K/PN-032 K/PN-065 K/PN-023 K/PN-041 K/PN-037 K/PN-059 K/PN-055 K/PN-054
118 88 142 83 196 122 81 206 77 108 170 119 58 97 53 87 73 46 79 57 72 177 172 52 149 118 53 42 93 51 49 108 146 50 120 248
PW GW PW GW PW PW GW VPW GW PW PW PW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW PW PW GW PW PW GW EXLT GW GW EXLT PW PW GW PW VPW
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Table 6.28 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Pune District Taluka
WQI
Category
86
GW
129
PW
108
PW
2009
83
GW
2007
63
GW
87
GW
70
GW
85 73 77
GW GW GW
36
EXLT
34
EXLT
33
EXLT
77
GW
2009
Pune (Haveli)
2007 2008
2008
Indapur
Junnar
2009
2007 2008 2009
Mawal
2007 2008
Mulshi
2009
2007
Purandar
Villages Chinchwad Kasarwadi Pimpri (Kh) Malvasti Pune Shivpur Khed Uruli Kanchan Wagholi Bukum Parne Undavri Kade Pathar Bhadalwadi Nimbgaon-Ketke Bhadalwadi Nimbgaon-Ketke Bhadalwadi Nimbgaon-Ketke Ale Ane Belhe Junnar Narayangaon Narayanpur Ale Ane Belhe Junnar Narayangaon Narayanpur Otur Ale Ane Belhe Junnar Narayangaon Narayanpur Otur Talegaon Talegaon Talegaon Kolwan Mulshi Kolwan Mulshi Kolwan Mulshi Pangre Sailar Basti Zendewadi Jejuri Sakurde
Well No. K/PN-051 K/PN-049 K/PN-032 K/PN-065 K/PN-023 K/PN-041 K/PN-037 K/PN-059 K/PN-055 K/PN-054 K/PN-036 K/PN-019 K/PN-036 K/PN-019 K/PN-036 K/PN-019 K/PN-003 K/PN-027 K/PN-015 K/PN-056 K/PN-016 K/PN-039 K/PN-003 K/PN-027 K/PN-015 K/PN-056 K/PN-016 K/PN-039 K/PN-010 K/PN-003 K/PN-027 K/PN-015 K/PN-056 K/PN-016 K/PN-039 K/PN-010 K/PN-002 K/PN-002 K/PN-002 K/PN-058 K/PN-060 K/PN-058 K/PN-060 K/PN-058 K/PN-060 K/PN-052 K/PN-048 K/PN-046 K/PN-008
WQI 60 57 96 53 53 109 98 50 120 164 129 129 64 151 77 89 37 62 75 59 61 83 137 52 66 46 80 55 171 95 59 68 57 86 38 87 85 73 77 45 28 46 23 38 28 62 79 67 99
Category GW GW GW GW GW PW GW EXLT PW PW PW PW GW PW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW EXLT GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW GW GW
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Table 6.28 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Pune District Taluka
WQI
Category
58
GW
67
GW
47
EXLT
36
EXLT
2009
80
GW
2007
84
GW
81
GW
87
GW
40 32 31 29
EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
2008 Purandar 2009 2007 2008
2008
Rajgurnagar (Khed)
Shirur
2009 2008 2009 2007 2008
Wadgaon (Maval) Wehle
Villages Pangre Sailar Basti Zendewadi Jejuri Sakurde Pangre Sailar Basti Zendewadi Jejuri Sakurde Rajgurnagar (Khed) Rajgurnagar (Khed) Kharabwadi Rajgurnagar (Khed) Kharabwadi Ranjangaon Ravangaon Shirur Pabal Ravangaon Shikrapur Shirur Pabal Ravangaon Shikrapur Shirur Lonawala Lonawala Wehle Wehle
Well No. K/PN-052 K/PN-048 K/PN-046 K/PN-008 K/PN-052 K/PN-048 K/PN-046 K/PN-008 K/PN-012 K/PN-012 K/PN-0 K/PN-012 K/PNK/PN-066 K/PN-020 K/PN-006 K/PN-0 K/PN-020 K/PN-0 K/PN-006 K/PNK/PN-020 K/PNK/PN-006 K/PN-061 K/PN-061 K/PN-034 K/PN-034
WQI 41 78 56 59 61 70 67 72 47 44 29 53 108 58 55 140 64 47 111 103 69 44 127 110 40 32 31 29
Category EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW PW GW GW PW GW EXLT PW PW GW EXLT PW PW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
Three years water quality of Pune district showed excellent water quality at Mulshi, Wadgaon (Maval), and Wehle, whereas good for talukas namely Daund, Pune (Haveli), Junnar, Mawal, Purandar and Shirur. In case of Baramati taluka, water quality was poor for drinking. In most of the region of Pune district ground water is mainly affected by excess concentration of nitrate along with the other inorganic pollutant such as TDS, TH, Ca+2 and Mg+2. Significant values of these pollutants in ground water mainly caused by the transformation of crustal element from earth crust to the ground water sources. Fast growing urbanization and industrial activity discharge waste into the main stream of the rivers. Also, average rainfall results into the deterioration of the ground water sources in the effective areas.
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25) Raigad district Raigarh district is one of the four coastal district situated along the western coast of the State. It is bounded by Thane district in the north, Ratnagiri district in the south, Pune district in the east and Arabian Sea forms the western boundary having a length of about 250 km. The district has three physiographic divisions i.e. (i) Coastal zone in west covers about 20% percent of the district (ii) Central zone covers about 1/3 rd of the district, consisting of fertile land in low lying area (iii) Hilly zone in the eastern part highly uneven in altitude and covered with forest. Ulhas, Panvel and Patalganga are the three main rivers in northern part. Kundalika River is the main river in central part whereas in the southern part Savitri River is the main river. General Information: Geographical Area: 7152 sq. km Taluka – 15; Alibagh, Panvel, Uran, Karjat, Khalapur, Pen, Sudhagad, Mahad, Roha, Mangaon, Poladpur, Mhasala, Shriwardhan, Murud and Tala Villages: 1919 Population: 22,08,000 Soil Type: The soils in the district are formed from the Deccan Trap which is predominating rock formation with small crops of Laterite at a few places in the Poladpur taluka and Matheran hill. The soils are grouped as Forest, Varkas, Rice, Khar or Saline, Coastal Alluvium and Laterite as per the location and topographical situation. Annual Rainfall: 2200 mm to 5000 mm Geology:
Pleistocene – Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Basalt (Deccan Traps)
Major Ground water problems and issues: About 32000 ha of land in parts of Uran, Alibagh, Pen, Panvel, Murud, Roha, Mangaon, Mahad, Mhasala, Shrivardhan talukas along the coast and creek have been rendered saline due to breach in age old bunds. In affected areas, ground water quality has also become saline therefore rendering it unsuitable for irrigation. The prominent hill ranges, isolated hillocks, undulation etc., in the district give rise to higher runoff, rather than natural recharge. These aquifers then are drained naturally due to slopping and undulation topography. As a result, the dug wells become dry by the month of February onwards. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 15 talukas 12 were monitored for 30 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.29 gives the water quality index of ground water for Nashik district.
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Alibag: The overall water quality of this taluka was excellent in 2007 and good in 2008-09. All the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit except nitrate which exceeded in 33% samples in 2009. Karjat, Khalapur, Mangaon, Mhasala and Roha : The descriptive statistics showed that all parameters were within desirable and permissible limits. The evaluation of water quality indices indicated that the overall ground water quality of the taluka was excellent. Mahad: In Mahad taluka, TDS, TH, Ca, Mg and Cl exceeded the permissible limit in 50% samples in 2007-08 but within permissible limit in 2009. The overall water quality varied between poor (2007) and very poor (2008). On individual level in villages viz. Dapoli, Jite and Varandha water quality, deteriorated from excellent to unsuitable for drinking. Influence of industrial zone in around the region could be affecting the ground water resources. Panvel: The water quality for Ajivali village for year 2007-2009 was found to be good in this taluka. However, in 2009, monitoring was done in Navade village and it was excellent. None of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit in these years. Pen: The standard comparison showed that none of the parameters exceeded the permissible or desirable limit for 2007, whereas during 2008-09, parameters viz. TDS, TH, Ca, Mg and Cl exceeded the permissible limit in the range of 50-100%. Decline in water quality was observed from 2007 to 2009 i.e excellent to very poor. Being a coastal area, effect of salinity in terms of high Cl is one the deteriorating factor for declining water quality. Poladpur and Raigad : The WQI indicated good water quality for year 2007 which changed to excellent in 2008-09. All the parameters were within the desirable or permissible limit in all the three years. In Phugaon and Sochinde villages of Raigad taluka, water quality varied from good to excellent in all the three years. Sudhagad: For Pali and Jambhulpada villages of this taluka, water quality was good in 2007-08 while excellent in 2009. None of the samples exceeded the permissible limit.
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Table 6.29 : WQI of Ground Water of Raigad District Taluka
WQI
Category
47
EXLT
53
GW
2009
54
GW
2007
46
EXLT
47
EXLT
2007
2008
2008
Alibag
Karjat
2009
49
2007
EXLT
35
EXLT
2008
44
EXLT
2009
38
EXLT
142
PW
2008
255
VPW
2009
27
EXLT
30
EXLT
37 39 26 24 16 53 28 57
EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT GW
50
EXLT
2008
241
VPW
2009
122
PW
2007 2008 2009
54 48 41
GW EXLT EXLT
Khalapur
2007 Mahad
2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Mangaon
Mhasala
Panvel
2007 Pen
Poladpur
Villages Chinchwad Poynad Veshwi Bilji (Umta) Chinchwad Poynad Veshwi Bilji (Umta) Nagaon Poynad Neral Hudhre Budruk Neral Hudhre Budruk Neral Kargaon Khalapur Khopoli Khalapur Kargaon Khalapur Dapoli Jite Dapoli Varandha Varandha Chandore Indapur Indapur Indapur Kelte Kelte Kelte Ajivali Navade Ajivali Kumbharcha Kosta Bk Saigaon Govalwadi Vadkhal Vadkhal Kumbharcha Kosta Bk Vadkhal Poladpur Poladpur Poladpur
Well No. C/RG-014 C/RG-032 C/RG-001 C/RG-012 C/RG-014 C/RG-032 C/RG-001 C/RG-012 C/RG-033 C/RG-032 C/RG-018 C/RG-010
WQI 39 42 58 30 32 82 66 29 59 74 46 56
Category EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT GW GW EXLT GW GW EXLT GW
C/RG-018 C/RG-010
39 57
EXLT GW
C/RG-018 C/RG-023 C/RG-036 C/RG-013 C/RG-036 C/RG-023 C/RG-036 C/RG-024 C/RG-020 C/RG-024 C/RG-003 C/RG-003 C/RG-011 C/RG-022 C/RG-022 C/RG-022 C/RG-027 C/RG-027 C/RG-027 C/RG-038 C/RG-031 C/RG-038 C/RG-029
41 34 45 27 44 36 41 252 33 480 30 27 22 37 37 39 26 24 16 53 28 57 36
EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT VPW EXLT UNSUT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT GW EXLT
C/RG-028
39
EXLT
C/RG-037 C/RG-037 C/RG-029
73 241 35
GW VPW EXLT
C/RG-037 C/RG-006 C/RG-006 C/RG-006
208 54 48 41
VPW GW EXLT EXLT
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Table 6.29 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Raigad District Taluka
WQI
Category
51
GW
2008
53
GW
2009
65
GW
2007
43
EXLT
2008
43
EXLT
2009
47
EXLT
52
GW
57
GW
29
EXLT
2007 Raigad
Roha
2007 2008
Sudhgad
2009
Villages Phugaon Sochinde Temple Phugaon Sochinde Temple Sochinde Kharapati Khutal Nagothan Kharapati Khutal Nagothan Kharapati Nagothan Pali Pali Jambhulpada Pali
Well No. C/RG-025 C/RG-016 C/RG-034 C/RG-025 C/RG-016 C/RG-034 C/RG-016 C/RG-005 C/RG-017 C/RG-007 C/RG-005 C/RG-017 C/RG-007 C/RG-005 C/RG-007 C/RG-035 C/RG-035 C/RG-039 C/RG-035
WQI 68 49 35 73 38 47 65 44 44 41 50 38 42 50 44 52 56 58 29
Category GW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW GW EXLT
Raigad district comes under the Kokan Coast where ground water quality varies from excellent to good for talukas viz. Karjat, Khalapur, Mangaon, Mhasala, Roha and Raigad. Soil texture in this region changes from place to place i.e areas close to sea from have a saline nature of soil which indirectly affects the ground water quality of those areas. Apart from the river water, quality ground water of this region is also affected by the industrial pocket located in the different part of the district. Sufficient annual rain fall in this district helps in recharging of ground water resources but during summer water quality may get affected due to temperature. 26) Ratnagiri District Ratnagiri is one of the coastal districts of Maharashtra and forms part of the Konkan region. It is situated in between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. Savitri, Vasisthi, Shastri, Ratnagiri, Jaitapur and Wagothan are the main rivers flowing through the district. About 45% of the area in Ratnagiri district is hilly. The physiography of the area has given rise to five characteristic landforms: Coastline, estuarine plains and river basins, lateritic plateaus, residual hills and scarp faces of the Sahayadri proper. General Information: Geographical Area: 8326 sq. km. Taluka-9; Ratnagiri, Sangameshwar, Chiplun, Guhagar, Khed, Dapoli, Mandangad, Lanja and Rajapur. Villages: 1543 Population: 16,97,000
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Soil Type: Based on the physical characteristics of the soils, they can be classified into five major groups viz. Coarse Shallow Soil: They are reddish brown in colour and occur on the slopes of the hills and are partly eroded, poor in fertility, shallow in depth and coarse in texture. Medium Deep Soil: These are reddish yellow in colour and have various names depending upon the place of occurrence. Those situated at higher elevations are known as Mal, while at slightly lower levels are known as Kuyat. Near water courses, which have a fair supply of water during Rabi season are known as Panthal or Vaigan. Deep Soil: They are yellowish red to brown in colour. They are light, easily workable, well drained and fairly fertile. Coastal Alluvial Soil: They are found along the coastal strip and consist of deep sandy loams suitable for Coconut and Areca nut. Coastal Saline Soil: They are formed due to the inundation of the sea, where by part of coastal soils become salty. They are locally known as Khar, Khajan, Kharvat etc. They are found along coastal strip of Dapoli, Guhagar and Ratnagiri tehsils. Annual Rainfall: 2658 mm to 3973 mm Geology: Recent to sub-Recent: Alluvium, beach sand, Cretaceous to Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt lava flows; Upper Pre-Cambrian Kaladgi Series: quartzite, sandstone, shale and associated limestone; Major Ground water problems and issues: Even though the district receives rainfall in excess of 3500 mm/year, water scarcity in the non-monsoon seasons is the major issue of concern and many villages face water scarcity in the summer. There is a lack of efforts to harness and harvest the rain water in the region. Ground water quality in some of the industrial areas of Ratnagiri district is adversely affected by the industrial effluents. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 9 talukas 8 were monitored for 40 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.30 gives the water quality index of ground water for Ratnagiri district. Chiplun, Dapoli, Guhagar, Khed, Mandangarh, Rajapur, Ratnagiri and Sangameshwar : In all these talukas of Ratnagiri district, the water quality was found to be excellent for all the years. BIS Standard comparison showed that all parameters were within desirable and permissible limits.
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Table 6.30 : WQI of Ground Water of Ratnagiri District Taluka
2007
2008
Chiplun
2009
WQI
Category
30
EXLT
31
29
2007
EXLT
EXLT
33
EXLT
2008
33
EXLT
2009
20
EXLT
2007
28
EXLT
2008
27
EXLT
2009
22
EXLT
Dapoli
Guhagar
Villages Agave Chiplun Khandala Satwade Niwali Agave Chiplun Khandala Satwade Niwali Pophali Agave Chiplun Kamathe Khandala Satwade Pophali Dabhol Dabhol Karanjani Kumble Oni Dabhol Dapoli Karanjali Karanjani Kumble Dapoli Karanjani Kumble Oni Abloli Kotluk Pimper Pomendi Shingartale Vankhed Abloli Pimper Pomendi (Kh) Vankhed Abloli Pimper Pomendi (Kh) Shingartale Vankhed
Well No. C/RN-012 C/RN-033 C/RN-027
WQI 25 39 23
Category EXLT EXLT EXLT
C/RN-026 C/RN-012 C/RN-033 C/RN-027
39 29 38 22
EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
C/RN-026 C/RN-014 C/RN-012 C/RN-033 C/RN-007 C/RN-027
40 25 24 37 32 29
EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
C/RN-014 C/RN-029 C/RN-035 C/RN-039 C/RN-040 C/RN-025 C/RN-029 C/RN-022 C/RN-049 C/RN-039 C/RN-040 C/RN-022 C/RN-039 C/RN-040 C/RN-025 C/RN-047 C/RN-052 C/RN-031 C/RN-034 C/RN-037 C/RN-048 C/RN-047 C/RN-031 C/RN-034 C/RN-048 C/RN-047 C/RN-031 C/RN-034 C/RN-037 C/RN-048
25 71 26 19 29 18 80 19 19 17 29 18 18 28 18 19 22 47 28 20 30 18 35 27 27 16 23 26 18 26
EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
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Table 6.30 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Ratnagiri District Taluka
WQI
Category
24
EXLT
2008
23
EXLT
2009
29
EXLT
2007 2008
25 25
EXLT EXLT
27
EXLT
2007
Khed
Mandangarh
2009
2007
22
EXLT
20
EXLT
2009
21
EXLT
2007
22
EXLT
2008
Rajapur
Ratnagiri
2008
21
EXLT
Villages Awashi Dasturi Devghar Kalvane Khopi Wave Dasturi Devghar Kalvane Khopi Wave Awashi Devghar Kalvane Khopi Mandangarh Mandangarh Mahapral
Well No. C/RN-001 C/RN-038 C/RN-010 C/RN-018 C/RN-043 C/RN-044 C/RN-038 C/RN-010 C/RN-018 C/RN-043 C/RN-044 C/RN-001 C/RN-010 C/RN-018 C/RN-043 C/RN-041 C/RN-041 C/RN-021
WQI 20 36 18 19 25 25 34 18 19 22 22 60 16 18 21 25 25 26
Category EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
Mandangarh Raipatan Rajapur Solgaon Raipatan Rajapur Solgaon Raipatan Rajapur Solgaon Ambed Budruk Dugvay Kasheli Ratnagiri Ratnagiri Vakarli Valops Pudhwadi Jaigarh Jakadevi Jalgaon Ambed Budruk Dugvay Kasheli Jaigarh Jakadevi Jalgaon
C/RN-041 C/RN-006 C/RN-019 C/RN-036 C/RN-006 C/RN-019 C/RN-036 C/RN-006 C/RN-019 C/RN-036 C/RN-015 C/RN-032 C/RN-023 C/RN-058 C/RN-059 C/RN-011 C/RN-024
29 25 20 22 21 21 18 20 21 23 21 18 22 24 21 21 23
EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
C/RN-003 C/RN-017 C/RN-028 C/RN-015 C/RN-032 C/RN-023 C/RN-003 C/RN-017 C/RN-028
23 21 23 20 16 23 22 20 22
EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
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Table 6.30 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Ratnagiri District Taluka
2009
Ratnagiri
2007
WQI
Category
28
EXLT
34
EXLT
26
EXLT
21
EXLT
Sangameshwar 2008 2009
Villages Dugvay Kasheli Valops Pudhwadi Jaigarh Jakadevi Jalgaon Sakarpa Sakarpa Devrukh Muchari (Bhatadewadi) Dhamni
Well No. C/RN-032 C/RN-023 C/RN-024
WQI 16 27 59
Category EXLT EXLT GW
C/RN-003 C/RN-017 C/RN-028 C/RN-020 C/RN-020 C/RN-058 C/RN-042
24 20 23 34 36 19 24
EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
C/RN-008
21
EXLT
In Ratnagiri district, the three years ground water quality ranged between excellent to good in all talukas. Significant annual rainfall as well as well connecting river network with large constructed water reservoirs under hydrological project on major rivers of this district helps in recharging the ground water resources. 27) Sangli District Sangli district is located in the western part of Maharashtra. Sangli district is situated in the river basins of the Warna and Krishna rivers. Land in the region is best suitable for agriculture. The physical settings of Sangli District shows a contrast of immense dimensions and reveals a variety of landscapes influenced by relief, climate and vegetation. The climate ranges from the rainiest in the Chandoli (Shirala) region, which has an average annual rainfall of over 4000 mm, to the driest in Atpadi and Jath Taluka where the average annual rainfall is about 500 mm. The vegetal cover too varies from the typical monsoon forest in the western parts to scrub and poor grass in the eastern parts. The Sangli district comes under Deccan plateau geographic region. General information: Geographical Area: 8577 sq. km Taluka-10; Miraj, Tasgaon, Kavathe Mahankal, Jath, Khanapur, Kadegaon, Atpadi, Palus, Walwa –Islampur and Shirala Villages: 731 Population: 25,81,835 Soil: The district has three distinct climatic zones: 1) The western zone- receives very heavy rainfall, has lateritic soils on up-ghats and reddish brown soils on hill slopes the latter being developed on parent material of trap rock. These soils are slightly acidic and usually leach total soluble salts and calcium carbonate. Their total exchangeable capacity is low. The soils are poor in fertility
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2) The transition zone of Krishna valley- has deep black soils of alluvial origin. Soils are moderately alkaline and are moderate in contents of total soluble salts and calcium carbonate. Total exchangeable capacity of these soils is moderately high. Soils are fair in nitrogen and very poor in phosphate and potash contents. 3) The third is the eastern drier zone, which consists largely of granular black soils and poor shallow soils. Soil reaction of them is high but contents of total soluble salts and calcium carbonate are moderate. Soils show wide variations in total exchangeable capacity, have moderate nitrogen contents Deep soils from the low rainfall areas, unless properly managed, develop saline-alkaline conditions. A soil profile examined at Jath showed dark brown colour, sandy loam texture and blocky structure. Soil reaction is strongly alkaline. Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Basalt (Deccan Traps)
Major Ground water problems and issues: The rapid rate of industrialization, construction, and conversion of agricultural land for other developmental purposes has caused haphazard growth of Sangli city. There are no sufficient facilities for wastewater collection, treatment and disposal. In Sangli city sewage treatment plant is absent hence sewage from different parts of city is disposed off in Krishna River which may influence ground water resources. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 10 talukas were monitored for 26 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.31 gives the water quality index of ground water for Sangli district. Atpadi, Miraj, Palus and Walwa : Villages of all these talukas indicated that the overall ground water quality of these talukas was good for the available data set as also clear from the descriptive statistics that all the parameters were within the permissible limit. Jath and Kavathemahankal: Shegaon, Jath, Kumbhari and Bilur villages of Jath taluka and Alkud and Kavathemahankal villages of Kavathemahankal taluka indicated that the overall ground water quality of these talukas was poor. High exceedance of nitrate along with parameters viz. TDS, TH, Ca and Mg to permissible limit may deteriorate water quality.. Kadegaon: For Kadepur village in Kadegaon taluka, the water quality evaluations indicated that the water quality was good in 2007 and poor in 2008. The poor water quality could be due to nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit. Khanapur: In Belavade, Palashi, Vita and Wangi villages of this taluka, the WQI evaluations indicated that the water quality was good in 2007-08 but poor in 2009. Also, it was excellent in Wangi village in 2008. The water quality of this village could probably be affected due to the nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit in 25% and 50% samples in 2007 and 2009 respectively.
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Shirala: In Shirala taluka, ground water monitoring was done in 2008 for Chikhalwadi village and the WQI indicated that the water quality was excellent. Tasgaon: Overall water quality was fond to be very poor in 2008 and poor in 2009. Water quality was very poor in Yevali but good in Panmalewadi village. The most probable reasons for deteriorated water quality could be the hardness, Ca, Mg and nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit in all samples in 2008. Table 6.31 : WQI of Ground Water of Sangli District Taluka
WQI
Category
69
GW
2008
96
GW
2009
94
GW
114 103
PW PW
155
PW
2008
123
PW
2009
134
PW
76 102
GW PW
130
PW
101
PW
2009
114
PW
2007
63
GW
2008
58
GW
2009
112
PW
2007 Atpadi
2008 2009
Islampur
2007
Jath
2008 2009
Kadegaon
2007 2008
K.Mahankal
Khanapur
Villages Atpadi Umbargaon Vibhutwadi Atpadi Vibhutwadi Gomewadi Umbargaon Takari Takari Shegaon Jath Kumbhari Bilur Daphlapur Shegaon Jath Kumbhari Bilur Daphlapur Jath Kumbhari Bilur Kadepur Kadepur Alkud Kavathemahankal Alkud Kavathemahankal Alkud Belavade Palashi Vita Wangi Belavade Palashi Belavade Wangi
Well No. K/SN-021 K/SN-015 K/SN-025 K/SN-021 K/SN-025 K/SN-024 K/SN-015 K/SN-034 K/SN-034 K/SN-031 K/SN-004 K/SN-026 K/SN-027 K/SN-029 K/SN-031 K/SN-004 K/SN-026 K/SN-027 K/SN-029 K/SN-004 K/SN-026 K/SN-027 K/SN-009 K/SN-009 K/SN-020 K/SN-040 K/SN-020 K/SN-039 K/SN-020 K/SN-022 K/SN-013 K/SN-001 K/SN-008 K/SN-022 K/SN-013 K/SN-022 K/SN-008
WQI 62 88 57 144 48 119 69 114 103 122 206 145 151 152 143 180 127 65 99 212 98 91 76 102 55 205 82 121 114 89 70 63 31 57 60 77 148
Category GW GW GW PW EXLT PW GW PW PW PW VPW PW PW PW PW PW PW GW GW VPW GW GW GW PW GW VPW GW PW PW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW PW
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Table 6.31 : WQI of Ground Water of Sangli District WQI 56 71 62 93 48 216
Category GW GW GW GW EXLT VPW
2009
154
PW
2007
59
GW
75
GW
81
GW
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2008
2008
Taluka Miraj Palus Shirala Tasgaon
Walwa
2009
Villages Arag Arag Bambwade Bambwade Chikhalwadi Yevali Panmalewadi Yevali Ashta Peth Wategaon Ashta Peth Wategaon Yednipani Ashta Peth Wategaon
Well No. K/SN-032 K/SN-032 K/SN-033 K/SN-033 K/SN-040 K/SN-019 K/SN-018 K/SN-019 K/SN-016 K/SN-017 K/SN-003 K/SN-016 K/SN-017 K/SN-003 K/SN-035 K/SN-016 K/SN-017 K/SN-003
WQI 56 71 62 93 48 216 61 247 59 66 51 62 75 49 116 90 87 68
Category GW GW GW GW EXLT VPW GW VPW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT PW GW GW GW
Sangali is one of the most important districts for its commercial agricultural crops. The three years water quality of district showed excellent water quality at Shirala likewise taluka namely Atpadi, Miraj, Palus and Walwa shows good water quality. Whereas places like Islampur, Jath, and Kavathemahankal showed poor water quality. This may be due to the contamination by human activity and agricultural run off resulting into the deterioration of ground water quality. Similarly natural factors such as geology and soil texture of these regions also affecting the ground water. Total soluble salts and calcium carbonate and very poor phosphate and potash contents are the major issues. 28) Satara District Satara district is one of the five districts of Western Maharashtra. Sahayadri hills of western ghat forms the western boundary, while Nira River forms the northern boundary of the district. The district forms part of Deccan Plateau of Sahayadri hill ranges. Physiographically the district can be broadly divided in major four units: (i) Hills and Ghats, (ii) Foothills zones, (iii) Plateaus and (iv) Plains. The entire Satara district falls in the drainage of three major rivers, Nira River in the entire northern part, Man River in the south-east and Krishna River in the south.
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General Information: Geographical Area : 10480 sq. km. Taluka – 11; Satara, Mahabaleshwar, Wai, Khandala Phaltan, Man, Jhatav, Koregaon, Jaoli, Patan and Karad. Villages: 1739 Population: 28,09,000 Soil Type: Two soil types found in this district are Medium Black and Deep Black soils. Annual Rainfall: 473 mm to 6209 mm Geology: Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap (Basalt) Major Ground water problems and issues: Drought area has been observed in major parts of the district in entire eastern, north eastern and south eastern parts comprising almost entire Khandala, Phaltan, Khatav, Mhaswad talukas and parts of Koregaon and Karad talukas. Deeper water levels are also seen in northern part around Mahabaleshwar, Khandala and Wai and in south eastern part of the district in parts of Man and Khatav talukas. Also Khatav taluka has been categorized as “Semi–Critical” taluka, where stage of ground water development has reached almost 90%. Apart from this 5474 ha of land has been demarcated as water logged area by Irrigation Department, Govt. of Maharashtra in Nira canal command area of district. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 11 talukas were monitored for 44 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.32 gives the water quality index of ground water for Satara district. Javali and Karad : The Javali taluka and villages of Karad taluka showed that the water quality varied from good to excellent. All the parameters were within the desirable limit. Khandala, Koregaon and Wai : The WQI evaluations for the villages of these talukas indicated that the overall water quality of these talukas was good. Khatav: The water quality varied from good to poor. The overall water quality of this taluka was good in 2007-08 and poor in 2009. Decline of water quality may be due to agricultural runoff and to some extent natural contamination from soil. Mahabaleswar: The WQI evaluations of Mahabaleshwar and Panchgani villages have excellent water quality throughout years. Man (Dahivadi): Pingli, Shenwadi and Mhaswad villages of this taluka were monitored and the water quality was found to lie between excellent to poor. The overall water quality of this taluka was excellent in 2007, good in 2008 and poor in 2009. The deteriorated water quality could probably be due to hardness, TH and nitrate levels exceeding 33-100% samples in 2009.
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Medha taluka: In Medha and Varoshi villages belong to this taluka where water quality varied from good to excellent. The overall ground water quality was excellent in 2007-08 and good in 2009. All the parameters were within the desirable limit for all samples. Satara: The evaluation of ground water quality indices for the villages of Satara taluka indicated that the water quality varied from good to excellent. So the overall ground water quality was excellent in 2007 and good in 2008-09. Minor exeedance in hardness, Ca, Mg and nitrate in around 7-17% samples was observed during 2008. Patan and Phaltan : In Patan and Phaltan talukas the water quality varied from excellent to poor. Declining water quality from good to poor in the year in 2008 to 2009 was observed. Significant exceedance in hardness, Ca, Mg, TDS, Cl, SO4 and nitrate in around 14-25% for Patan taluka, whereas TH, Mg and nitrate in around 50-100% for Phaltan taluka in 2009 was reported. Table 6.32 : WQI of Ground Water of Satara District WQI 47 99
Category EXLT GW
56
GW
42
EXLT
2009
63
GW
2007
98
GW
97
GW
2009
96
GW
2007
58
GW
71
GW
111
PW
2008 2009
Taluka Javali
2007 2008
2008
2008
2009
Karad
Khandala
Khatav
Villages Javali Javali Malkapur Undale Varade Malkapur Undale Malkapur Undale Varade Bhade Shirwal Bhade Shirwal Surur Bhade Shirwal Surur Khatav Pusegaon Khatav Manjarvadi Pusegaon Khatav Manjarvadi Pusegaon
Well No. K/ST-045 K/ST-045 K/ST-024 K/ST-038 K/ST-015 K/ST-024 K/ST-038 K/ST-024 K/ST-038 K/ST-015 K/ST-043 K/ST-019 K/ST-043 K/ST-019 K/ST-039 K/ST-043 K/ST-019 K/ST-039 K/ST-021 K/ST-011 K/ST-021 K/ST-035 K/ST-011 K/ST-021 K/ST-035 K/ST-011
WQI 47 99 23 83 64 23 62 46 80 64 106 90 102 96 94 85 103 100 48 68 101 53 58 138 94 102
Category EXLT GW EXLT GW GW EXLT GW EXLT GW GW PW GW PW GW GW GW PW PW EXLT GW PW GW GW PW GW PW
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Table 6.32 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Satara District Taluka
WQI
Category
60
GW
84
GW
2009
94
GW
2007
25
EXLT
25
EXLT
2009
27
EXLT
2007
49
EXLT
56
GW
104
PW
42
EXLT
2008
38
EXLT
2009
55
GW
2007
41
EXLT
72
GW
2007 2008
2008
2008
Koregaon
Mahabaleswar
Man(dahivadi)
2009 2007 Medha
Satara
2008
Villages Koregaon Wathar Koregaon Rehmatpur Wathar Koregaon Rehmatpur Wathar Mahabaleswar Panchagani Mahabaleswar Panchagani Mahabaleswar Panchagani Pingli Shenwadi Pingli Shenwadi Mhaswad Pingli Shenwadi Medha Varoshi Medha Varoshi Medha Atit Kondve Vaduth Manainagar Manure Shendri Atit Aundh Kondve Pimpalwadi Vaduth Manainagar Manure Mogarle Mutlavadi Shendri Tathvade Udtara
Well No. K/ST-010 K/ST-013 K/ST-010 K/ST-026 K/ST-013 K/ST-010 K/ST-026 K/ST-013 K/ST-006 K/ST-018 K/ST-006 K/ST-018 K/ST-006 K/ST-018 K/ST-002 K/ST-016 K/ST-002 K/ST-016 K/ST-005 K/ST-002 K/ST-016 K/ST-020 K/ST-054 K/ST-020 K/ST-054 K/ST-020 K/ST-023 K/ST-046 K/ST-036 K/ST-031 K/ST-033 K/ST-014 K/ST-023 K/ST-027 K/ST-046 K/ST-042 K/ST-036 K/ST-031 K/ST-033 K/ST-034 K/ST-030 K/ST-014 K/ST-040 K/ST-001
WQI 60 60 100 87 67 102 85 94 31 20 29 22 29 26 40 59 39 73 162 67 82 55 29 43 34 55 64 36 35 25 25 58 59 100 47 220 36 21 28 58 64 52 53 126
Category GW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT GW PW GW GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW PW EXLT VPW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW GW GW PW
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Table 6.32 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Satara District Taluka
2009
Satara
2007
2008
Patan
2009
67
GW
98
GW
98
78
Phaltan
2009
2007 2008 2009
Category
111
2007
2008
WQI
Wai
GW
PW
GW
83
GW
107
PW
63 69 73
GW GW GW
Villages Atit Aundh Pimpalwadi Vaduth Manure Mogarle Shendri Tathvade Dhebevadi Morgir (Shivpurpeth) Nimbore Velkhandwadi (Tarli) Dhebevadi Malharpeth Mirgaon Morgir (Shivpurpeth) Nimbore Patan Velkhandwadi (Tarli) Dhebevadi Malharpeth Mirgaon Morgir (Shivpurpeth) Nimbore Patan Nimblak Rajale Savanthwadi (Jinti) Nimblak Rajale Nimblak Rajale Savanthwadi (Jinti) Taradgaon Wai Wai Wai
Well No. K/ST-023 K/ST-027 K/ST-042 K/ST-036 K/ST-033 K/ST-034 K/ST-014 K/ST-040 K/ST-028
WQI 76 88 132 38 29 59 58 57 59
Category GW GW PW EXLT EXLT GW GW GW GW
K/ST-032 K/ST-017
48 227
EXLT VPW
K/ST-037 K/ST-028 K/ST-025 K/ST-012 K/ST-032
57 52 47 161 65
GW GW EXLT PW GW
K/ST-017 K/ST-009 K/ST-037
269 44 48
VPW EXLT EXLT
K/ST-028 K/ST-025 K/ST-012
68 50 192
GW GW PW
K/ST-032 K/ST-017 K/ST-009 K/ST-008 K/ST-041
83 226 46 60 114
GW VPW EXLT GW PW
K/ST-029 K/ST-008 K/ST-041 K/ST-008 K/ST-041
60 53 113 74 145
GW GW PW GW PW
K/ST-029 K/ST-003 K/ST-007 K/ST-007 K/ST-007
35 173 63 69 73
EXLT PW GW GW GW
The three years water quality of district shows excellent water quality at Mahabaleswar taluka, whereas good at Khandala, Koregaon and Wai. Places like Khatav and Palthan showed decline in ground water, contamination from agricultural run off, domestic activity being a drought area and deeper water levels resulting in poor water quality. TDS, Ca, Mg and nitrate are the major contaminants responsible for deteriorating ground water. 6-126
29) Sindhudurg District Sindhudurg district is located in the Konkan region of Maharashtra State and covers a geographical area of 5087 sq.km out of which about 390 sq. km. is covered by forest, whereas cultivable area is 2495 sq. km. and net sown area is 1354 sq. km. The district has three major physiographic divisions from east to west. The eastern part close to the Western Ghats is highly dissected with deep valleys. The middle part of the district is occupied by flat-topped hills with undulating plateau with elevations up to 300 meter above mean sea level (m amsl) covered by Laterite. The coastal plain in the western part with elevations of 100 to 150 m amsl. The five major rivers in the district are Gad, Karli, Terekhol, Tillari, Deogad and Wagothan. During monsoon the rivers carry heavy load of water having tremendous headword eroding capacity and ultimately drain in the Arabian Sea. General Information: Geographical Area: 5087 sq. km. Taluka- 8; Sawantwadi, Vengurla, Kudal, Kankavli, Malvan, Deogad, Dodamarg and Vaibhavwadi Villages: 743 Population: 8,69,000 Soil Type: The soil formation in the district is controlled mainly by climate. Most of the soils are derived from Lateritic rocks. Namely Rice soil also termed as ‘Mali soils’ when situated in higher levels, ‘Kuryat soils’ in lower levels and ‘Panthar or Vaigam’ when situated near water courses. Garden soil is of mixed origin, yellow red to brown in color and is located in the valley portions. These soils are light, well drained and fairly fertile. Varkas soil is reddish brown to yellowish red in colour and is situated on hill slopes. These soils are poor in fertility, shallow in depth and coarse in texture. Alluvial soil is recent deposits found along the coastal tracts and constitutes deep loam. Due to inundation of sea, part of the coastal soils has become salty. In the Deogad, Malwan and Vengurla talukas practically entire strip is salty. Annual Rainfall: 2300 mm to 3200 mm Geology: Recent to sub-Recent: Alluvium, beach sand, Laterite, Deccan Trap Basalt lava flows Sandstone and associated limestone Major Ground water problems and issues: Even though the district receives high rainfall in the range of 2300 to 3200 mm/year, water scarcity in the non-monsoon seasons is the major issue of concern and many villages face water scarcity in the summer. The district has a coastline of 121 km and has 14 creeks, about 76900 ha of agricultural land is reported to be saline due to sea water ingress along the coast and creeks.
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Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 8 talukas were monitored for 37 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.33 gives the water quality index of ground water for Sindhudurg district. Devgad, Dodamarg, Kankavli, Kudal, Malvan, Sawantwadi, Vaibhavwadi and Vengurla: In all these talukas of Sindhudurg district, the water quality was found to be excellent during all three years. The BIS standard comparison showed that none of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit. Table 6.33 : WQI of Ground Water of Sindhudurg District Taluka
WQI
Category
29
EXLT
2008
27
EXLT
2009
23
EXLT
2007
22
EXLT
23
EXLT
2009
25
EXLT
2007
27
EXLT
26
EXLT
27
EXLT
2007 Devgad
2008
2008
2009
Dodamarg
Kankavli
Villages Deogarh Hadi Kunkaule Phanasgaon Deogarh Hadi Kunkaule Phanasgaon Wareri Adali Dodamarga Shirgaon Adali Adali Dodamarga Shirgaon Kanedi Bazar Kankavalli Khare Patan Narange Phonda Kankavalli Nandgaon Narange Phonda Kanedi Bazar Kankavalli Khare Patan Nandgaon Narange Phonda
Well No. C/SD-008 C/SD-027 C/SD-021 C/SD-014 C/SD-008 C/SD-027 C/SD-021 C/SD-014 C/SD-026 C/SD-019 C/SD-005 C/SD-011 C/SD-019 C/SD-019 C/SD-005 C/SD-011 C/SD-033 C/SD-012 C/SD-002 C/SD-020 C/SD-001 C/SD-012 C/SD-022 C/SD-020 C/SD-001 C/SD-033 C/SD-012 C/SD-002 C/SD-022 C/SD-020 C/SD-001
WQI 21 42 31 29 36 29 24 19 23 19 28 19 23 27 27 22 25 23 39 22 24 28 33 18 25 24 30 33 29 22 25
Category EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
6-128
Table 6.33 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Sindhudurg District Taluka
WQI
Category
37
EXLT
2008
39
EXLT
2009
39
EXLT
2007
32
EXLT
2008
31
EXLT
2009
33
EXLT
2007
25
EXLT
35
EXLT
24
EXLT
2007
Kudal
Malvan
2008
2009
Sawantwadi
Villages Chendwan Kudal Mangaon B. Ramgarh Sawarwad Vados Zarap Kasal Chendwan Mangaon B. Ramgarh Sawarwad Vados Zarap Kasal Kudal Mangaon B. Ramgarh Vados Zarap Kasal Achra Math Palsamb Terela Vagothan Vijayadurga Malwan Achra Math Palsamb Terela Vagothan Vijayadurga Malwan Achra Math Terela Vagothan Malwan Amboli Danoli Insuli Danoli Insuli Sawanthwadi Amboli Danoli Insuli
Well No. C/SD-035 C/SD-013 C/SD-028 C/SD-023 C/SD-034 C/SD-030 C/SD-025 C/SD-004 C/SD-035 C/SD-028 C/SD-023 C/SD-034 C/SD-030 C/SD-025 C/SD-004 C/SD-013 C/SD-028 C/SD-023 C/SD-030 C/SD-025 C/SD-004 C/SD-024 C/SD-036 C/SD-029 C/SD-016 C/SD-017 C/SD-009 C/SD-006 C/SD-024 C/SD-036 C/SD-029 C/SD-016 C/SD-017 C/SD-009 C/SD-006 C/SD-024 C/SD-036 C/SD-016 C/SD-017 C/SD-006 C/SD-010 C/SD-015 C/SD-003 C/SD-015 C/SD-003 C/SD-031 C/SD-010 C/SD-015 C/SD-003
WQI 21 31 78 26 30 23 62 26 22 88 27 30 23 57 25 31 82 25 26 48 24 40 21 20 35 18 27 60 30 20 19 26 20 48 49 18 21 40 22 62 23 24 26 34 36 26 19 30 20
Category EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
6-129
Table 6.33 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Sindhudurg District 2007
Taluka Vaibhavwadi
2007 2008
Vengurla
2009
WQI 31
Category EXLT
26
EXLT
26
EXLT
24
EXLT
Villages Kokisare Vengurla Adeli Vengurla Adeli Dodamarga Vengurla Adeli
Well No. C/SD-032 C/SD-007 C/SD-018 C/SD-007 C/SD-018 C/SD-005 C/SD-007 C/SD-018
WQI 31 25 28 26 23 28 20 27
Category EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
Sindudurga district shows the excellent water quality but still salinity could be major source of contamination at coastal zone which affect the ground water as well as rice paddies to some extent. High temperature during summer and drying of river basine tends to declining in ground water level. Highly hilly region many part of the district has lagging in water restoration. 30) Solapur District The district is situated on the south east fringe of Maharashtra State and lies entirely in the Bhima and Seena basins. Whole of the district is drained either by Bhima River or its tributaries. Shrikshetra Pandharpur is considered as 'Southern Kashi' of India and Kuldaivat of Maharashtra State. There are also a few scattered hills in Karmala, Madha and Malshiras Talukas. The district in general has flat or undulating terrain. The low table land and small separate hills in Karmala and Madha Talukas act as a Watershed between Bhima and Sina rivers. General Information: Geographical Area: 14,844.6 sq. km Taluka-11; Akkalkot, Barshi, Karmala, Madha, Mangalwedha, Malshiras, Mohol, North Solapur, Pandharpur, Sangola, South Solapur Villages: 1150 Population: 38,49,543 Annual Rainfall: 545.4 mm Soil: The soils of the district can be classified into three types black, coarse gray and reddish Eastern Zone comprises of Barshi, North Solapur, South Solapur and Akkalkot Talukas. The soil is medium to deep black and of rich quality. Central or Transitional Zone comprises of Mohol, Mangalwedha, eastern part of Pandharpur and Madha Taluka. Like to moderate soil and uncertain rainfall marks this zone. Western Zone comprises of Karmala, Sangola and Malshiras Talukas and western parts of Pandharpur come under this zone. Shallow and poor type of soil, not retentive of moisture marks this part. Geology: As in most of the Deccan, the general geological formation is trap, covered in most places with a shallow over-layer of very light soil, and in parts by a good depth of rich loam suited for cotton.
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Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 11 talukas were monitored for 49 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.34 gives the water quality index of ground water for Solapur district. Sangola : The villages viz. Sangola, Manjri and Chincholi of Sangola taluka had good water quality throughout except at Chincholi in 2009, where it was poor due to nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit. Barshi, Madha, Malshirs, Mohol and South Solapur : The water quality of these villages showed that quality was varied from good to poor. Hardness and nitrate were the major problems as they exceeded the permissible limit in around 33-100% resulting in poor water quality. Akkalkot : The WQI evaluations remarked that water quality varied from good to unsuitable for drinking. The overall ground water quality was good in 2007 and poor in 2008-09. It could be due to high levels of hardness, Ca, Mg and nitrate in 2008-09. Karmala: Nitrate levels exceeding the permissible limit in around 33 to 50% during 2009. Kamdar and Karmala villages of this taluka had poor water quality in 2007 which changed to good in 2008. Mangalwedha : In Mangalwedha taluka, ground water monitoring done in 2007-08 in Mangalwedha village indicated poor quality. In 2009, it was carried out for Pout, Jumoni and Marwade villages which showed good quality. The poor water quality in Mangalwedha village could be due to agricultural runoff, moderate soil texture and drought area. N. Solapur and Pandharpur taluka: The WQI evaluation of the villages of N. Solapur and Pandharpur talukas indicated that the ground water quality varied from good to poor. Factors affecting such as hardness, Ca, Mg, TDS and nitrate exceeded to the permissible limit in range of 14-57%. Solapur taluka: In this taluka, the ground water quality evaluation was carried out in 2008-09 in Hivre, Nandni and Nagaj villages which indicated that the water quality was good throughout except at Nagaj village where it was poor in 2009. But the overall poor water quality could be due to high nitrate and hardness levels exceeding the permissible limit.
6-131
Table 6.34 : WQI of Ground Water of Solapur District Taluka
WQI
Category
92
GW
2008
152
PW
2009 2007
184 195
PW PW
2008
104
PW
100
PW
110
PW
2008
98
GW
2007
130
PW
109
PW
2009
109
PW
2007
107
PW
2008
104
PW
2009
115
PW
2007 2008
136 145
PW PW
2009
74
GW
2007
141
PW
2008
126
PW
2009
122
PW
2007 Akkalkot
Barshi
2009
2007 Karmala
2008
Madha
Malshirs
Mangalwedha
Mohol
Villages Akkalkot Kegaon Akkalkot Kegaon Nagansur Wagdhari Nagansur Rople Dhanore Rople Manegaon Pangri Shelgaon Dhanore Nari Rople Manegaon Pangri Shelgaon Kandar Karmala Kandar Karmala Varkute Tembhurni Bitergaon Parite Bitergaon Parite Tembhurni Malsiras Natepute Salmukh Piliv Salmukh Velapur Dharmapuri Velapur Mangalvedha Mangalvedha Pout Junoni Marwade Sohole Ichgaon Kurul Sohole Ichgaon Chincholi Sohole Ichgaon
Well No. K/SH-025 K/SH-069 K/SH-025 K/SH-069 K/SH-026 K/SH-002 K/SH-026 K/SH-022 K/SH-066 K/SH-022 K/SH-070 K/SH-078 K/SH-005 K/SH-066 K/SH-065 K/SH-022 K/SH-070 K/SH-078 K/SH-005 K/SH-074 K/SH-012 K/SH-074 K/SH-012 K/SH-071 K/SH-034 K/SH-080 K/SH-073 K/SH-080 K/SH-073 K/SH-034 K/SH-013 K/SH-031 K/SH-082 K/SH-068 K/SH-082 K/SH-029 K/SH-079 K/SH-029 K/SH-001 K/SH-001 K/SH-036 K/SH-061 K/SH-076 K/SH-017 K/SH-018 K/SH-016 K/SH-017 K/SH-018 K/SH-020 K/SH-017 K/SH-018
WQI 110 74 109 83 315 101 184 195 46 175 142 88 67 47 125 149 129 87 65 84 136 82 151 60 130 90 128 73 137 112 143 63 115 127 59 127 94 135 136 145 88 79 56 179 100 143 198 97 84 188 83
Category PW GW PW GW UNSUT PW PW PW EXLT PW PW GW GW EXLT PW PW PW GW GW GW PW GW PW GW PW GW PW GW PW PW PW GW PW PW GW PW GW PW PW PW GW GW GW PW GW PW PW GW GW PW GW
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Table 6.34 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Solapur District Taluka
WQI 63
Category GW
119
PW
2009
110
PW
2007
64
GW
2008
155
PW
2009
152
PW
2007
73
GW
74
GW
100
GW
67
GW
105
PW
166 159 129 67
PW PW PW GW
2007 2008
N.Solapur
Pandharpur
2008
Sangoola
2009 2008 Solapur 2009 2007 2008 2009
South Solapur
Villages Vadval Vadval Nannaj Soregaon Shivni Nannaj Soregaon Shivni Pandharpur Ajoti Chale Pandharpur Shegaon Eklaspur Karkamb Ranzani Ajoti Chale Pandharpur Shegaon Eklaspur Karkamb Ranzani Sangola Manjri Sangola Chincholi Sangola Nandni Hivre Nagaj Nandni Hivre Valsang Valsang Ule Valsang
Well No. K/SH-010 K/SH-010 K/SH-077 K/SH-072 K/SH-062 K/SH-077 K/SH-072 K/SH-062 K/SH-033 K/SH-063 K/SH-019 K/SH-033 K/SH-028 K/SH-023 K/SH-035 K/SH-021 K/SH-063 K/SH-019 K/SH-033 K/SH-028 K/SH-023 K/SH-035 K/SH-021 K/SH-009 K/SH-081 K/SH-009 K/SH-024 K/SH-009 K/SH-064 K/SH-032 K/SH-011 K/SH-064 K/SH-032 K/SN-028 K/SN-028 K/SH-008 K/SN-028
WQI 63 151 110 130 84 138 129 63 64 148 137 285 110 97 65 242 197 106 220 106 115 59 260 73 66 82 120 79 84 50 167 95 52 166 159 129 67
Category GW PW PW PW GW PW PW GW GW PW PW VPW PW GW GW VPW PW PW VPW PW PW GW VPW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW PW PW GW
The three years water quality of this district showed excellent water quality at Sangoola. Most of the time poor water quality was reported at Barshi, Madha, Malshirs, Mohol and S. Solapur. Declining in ground water due to contamination from agricultural run off and to some extent this being drought area where deeper water levels result in poor water quality. Significant concentrations of TDS, Ca, Mg and nitrate in ground water were observed.
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31) Thane Thane is the third-most industrialised district in Maharashtra. The district is the northernmost part of the Konkan lowlands of Maharashtra. It comprises Ulhas basin on the south and hilly Vaitama valley on the north together with plateaus and the slopes of Sahyadri. From the steep slopes of the Sahyadri in the east, the land falls through a succession of plateaus in the north and centre of the district to the Ulhas valley in the south. These lowlands are separated from the coast by a fairly well-defined narrow ridge of hills that runs north-south to the east of the Thane creek, parallel to the sea keeping a distance of about 6 to 10 km from the shores. The two main rivers flowing through the district are the Ulhas and the Vaitarna. On the basis of its topography, the district is divided into three parts viz. The eastern portion having Sahyadri ranges, which comprises mainly forest area. Central region is covering mainly paddy area. Western parts of the coastal area along with its 15 to 20 km. nearby area of coastal region where horticultural plantation, fodder production and vegetable cultivation are being practiced. General information: Geographical Area: 9387 sq. km Talukas-15; Thane, Vasai, Palghar, Dahanu, Talasari, Jawhar, Mokhada, Wada, Bhiwandi, Shahapur, Murbad, Kalyan, Ulhasnagar, Vikramgad, Ambarnath Villages: 1748 Population: 81,31,849 Soil: Soils constitute the physical basis of an agricultural enterprise and play a very vital role in the agricultural economy of the region. Black soil containing sand mainly found at Dahanu, Palghar, Vasai and Thane tehsils. Red soil found in eastern region, mostly on the slopes of Mokhada, Jawhar and Talasari tahsils. Whereas, Brownish black soils mostly observed in the patches of valleys lying between the coastal plain and the hilly slopes of Bhivandi, Kalyan and Shahapur tahsils Average Rainfall: 2576 mm Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index Out of 15 talukas, 10 were monitored for 42 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.35 gives the water quality index of ground water for Thane district.
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Bhiwandi : As all the parameters were within the permissible or desirable limit in all the samples except nitrate in 20% samples, the overall ground water quality was excellent in 2007 while good in 2008-09. Dahanu, Jawahar, Mokhada, Palghar and Vasai : The ground water quality evaluations of the villages of these talukas indicated that the water quality varied from good to excellent. The overall ground water quality was good, but high levels of nitrate and Mg values were reported. Shahapur and Wada : In Talempada (Bihigaon) and Sathgaon villages of Shahapur taluka and Rinzadpada (Kanchad) and Jogamargepada villages of Wada taluka, excellent water quality during all three years was observed. Also, none of the parameters exceeded the permissible limit. Thane and Murbad : Water qualities of this talukas varied from good to excellent. The WQI was good in 2007 and 2009, while it was excellent in 2008 for both talukas. Hardness exceeded the permissible limit in around 13% samples. Table 6.35 : WQI of Ground Water of Thane District Taluka
WQI
Category
42
EXLT
60
GW
2009
51
GW
2007
62
GW
2008
58
GW
2009
67
GW
2007
2008
Bhiwandi
Dahanu
Villages Gothanpada Karahe Padghe Gothanpada Angaon Karahe Padghe Saravali Gothanpada Padghe Saravali Gothanpada Bramhanwadi Dahanu Gunjad Kasa Saiwan Udhwa Dapchari Bramhanwadi Dahanu Gunjad Kasa Saiwan Udhwa Dapchari Bramhanwadi Dahanu Gunjad Kasa Dapchari
Well No. C/TN-011 C/TN-016 C/TN-026 C/TN-011 C/TN-013 C/TN-016 C/TN-026 C/TN-007 C/TN-011 C/TN-026 C/TN-007 C/TN-011 C/TN-047 C/TN-009 C/TN-037 C/TN-002 C/TN-038 C/TN-020 C/TN-008 C/TN-047 C/TN-009 C/TN-037 C/TN-002 C/TN-038 C/TN-020 C/TN-008 C/TN-047 C/TN-009 C/TN-037 C/TN-002 C/TN-008
WQI 49 31 46 53 110 35 61 43 49 69 35 49 136 75 41 49 38 53 43 121 71 44 50 35 52 34 129 86 37 46 39
Category EXLT EXLT EXLT GW PW EXLT GW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT PW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT PW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT PW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT
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Table 6.35 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Thane District Taluka
WQI 66
Category GW
54
GW
52
GW
90 95 80 79
GW GW GW GW
48
EXLT
2009
57
GW
2007
57
GW
51
GW
51
GW
38
EXLT
41
EXLT
2009
41
EXLT
2007
60
GW
2008
50
EXLT
2009
51
GW
2007 2008
Jawahar
2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008
2008
Mokhada
Murbad
Palghar
2009 2007 2008
Shahapur
Thane
Villages Vikramgadh Sarsun Vikramgadh Sarsun Vikramgadh Khodala Khodala Khodala Murbad Kolimb Murbad Tokavade Kolimb Murbad Tokavade Devkop Manor Somata Devkop Dhekale Manor Nishanpada Somata Dhekale Manor Somata Talempada Sathgaon Talempada Talempada Balkhapara Bindarpada Cherfully Dahisar Giraj Kajli Shiravane Wafana Balkhapara Bindarpada Cherfully Dahisar Giraj Kajli Shiravane Wafana Bindarpada Cherfully Dahisar N. Kajli Shiravane
Well No. C/TN-022 C/TN-023 C/TN-022 C/TN-023 C/TN-022 C/TN-014 C/TN-014 C/TN-014 C/TN-012 C/TN-018 C/TN-012 C/TN-027 C/TN-018 C/TN-012 C/TN-027 C/TN-006 C/TN-017 C/TN-050 C/TN-006 C/TN-036 C/TN-017 C/TN-024 C/TN-050 C/TN-036 C/TN-017 C/TN-050 C/TN-019 C/TN-025 C/TN-019 C/TN-019 C/TN-010 C/TN-001 C/TN-004 C/TN-028 C/TN-048 C/TN-021 C/TN-031 C/TN-035 C/TN-010 C/TN-001 C/TN-004 C/TN-028 C/TN-048 C/TN-021 C/TN-031 C/TN-035 C/TN-001 C/TN-004 C/TN-055 C/TN-021 C/TN-031
WQI 66 38 71 34 70 90 95 80 79 35 56 53 36 90 46 38 86 49 55 34 79 43 44 39 62 50 38 37 44 41 30 28 46 73 47 43 68 142 28 51 45 70 47 43 61 50 43 42 65 41 64
Category GW EXLT GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW EXLT GW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT GW EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT GW PW EXLT GW EXLT GW EXLT EXLT GW EXLT EXLT EXLT GW EXLT GW
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Table 6.35 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Thane District Taluka
WQI
Category
82
GW
2008
72
GW
2009
77
GW
2007
41
EXLT
35
EXLT
43
EXLT
2007
Vasai
2008 2009
Wada
Villages Khanivade Sandor Sativli Waliv Agashi Ambadi Katolwadi Khanivade Sandor Waliv Agashi Ambadi Katolwadi Khanivade Sandor Waliv Agashi Katolwadi Rinzadpada Jogamargepada Rinzadpada Jogamargepada Rinzadpada
Well No. C/TN-003 C/TN-045 C/TN-049 C/TN-041 C/TN-046 C/TN-029 C/TN-039 C/TN-003 C/TN-045 C/TN-041 C/TN-046 C/TN-029 C/TN-039 C/TN-003 C/TN-045 C/TN-041 C/TN-046 C/TN-039 C/TN-042 C/TN-043 C/TN-042 C/TN-043 C/TN-042
WQI 50 137 81 68 151 51 34 60 121 53 90 65 46 55 142 54 98 38 41 39 32 45 40
Category EXLT PW GW GW PW GW EXLT GW PW GW GW GW EXLT GW PW GW GW EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT EXLT
From three years water quality of district, it was observd that water quality was excellent at Shahapur taluka, whereas, good at Dahanu, Jawahar, Mokhada, Palghar and Vasai. TDS, Ca, Mg and nitrate are the major contaminant for deteriorating ground water. Industrial pocket located in the different areas of district along with highly populated area having ground water contamination issues. High pollution load in Ulhas river basin and in Thane creek region also deteriorate the ground water in nearby villages. Salinity is also one of the major conceren especially for coastal region of district. In adequate drinking water supply network (Tanker water supply) in rural areas gives excess of stress on ground water resources.
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32) Wardha district Wardha is one of the 11 districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. The area is physiographically divided in two parts: the north and north eastern parts forming into a hilly spur projecting south and the south eastwards from the Satpuras. The district forms part of Godavari basin. Wardha River is the main river flowing through the district. The general slope is southwards and gentle towards Wardha River, but tends to become steeper in the northern uplands. The entire district is mainly drained by Wardha River and its tributaries viz., Yashoda, Wunna and Bakli. General Information: Geographical Area: 6310 sq. km. Taluka-8; Wardha, Deoli, Selu, Arvi, Ashti, Karanja, Hinganghat, Samudrapur. Villages: 1361 Population: 12,30,640 Soil Type: The soil of the district is basically derived form Deccan Trap Basalt and almost entire district consists of black or dark brown soil over a sheet of Deccan Trap Basalt. The soil varies in depth from few centimeters to 3 meters with average thickness being about 0.75 meters. The soils of the district can be grouped under four main local categories viz., Kali, Morand, Khardi and Bardi, with major part of the district being occupied by Kali soil. Annual Rainfall: 985 mm to 1100 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Basalt (Deccan Trap) Middle Cretaceous: Infra-trappean beds
Major Ground water problems and issues: The moderate drought area has been observed in the north western parts of the district i.e., in major parts of Ashti, Karanja and Arvi talukas. Ground water quality is mostly affected by nitrate contamination. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 8 talukas were monitored for 40 villages by CGWB. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.36 gives the water quality index of ground water for Wardha district. Ashti, Hinganghat and Karanja : The standard comparison showed that hardness, Mg and nitrate exceeded the permissible limit in around 25-67% samples. The WQI of these talukas indicated that the overall ground water quality was good. Arvi : The descriptive statistics of this taluka showed that 25-33% samples had hardness, Mg, and nitrate exceeding the permissible limit. WQI evaluations of Alipur, Sukli and Talegaon villages of this taluka indicated that the water quality was good for Sukli and Talegaon, but for
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Alipur it was very poor in 2007 and unsuitable in 2009. However, the overall ground water quality was poor in 2007-08. Deoli, Seloo and Wardha : The WQI evaluation indicated that the water quality varied from good to poor. The probable reasons for poor water quality could be high levels of hardness and nitrate in 17-25% and 25-75% respectively. Samudrapur : Ground water quality indices of Samudrapur taluka varied between good to poor. The overall ground water quality of the taluka was poor in 2007 due to high nitrate levels in the range of 33-43%, while it was good in 2008-09. However, it was excellent in Ajda and Nandori villages in 2008. Table 6.36 : WQI of Ground Water of Wardha District Taluka
WQI
Category
117
PW
172
PW
88
GW
2008
81
GW
2007
101
PW
2008
120
PW
2009
98
GW
2007 Arvi 2008
2007 Ashti
Deoli
Villages Alipur Sukli Talegaon Wadhona Alipur Sukli Wadhona Ashti Sahur Dhadi Ashti Sahur Dhadi Adegaon Bhidi Dahegaon Dahigaon Deoli Sarul Bhidi Dahegaon Dahigaon Deoli Muradgaon Bhidi Dahegaon Dahigaon Deoli Murudgaon
Well No. G/WD-035 G/WD-016 G/WD-003 G/WD-023 G/WD-035 G/WD-016 G/WD-023 G/WD-015 G/WD-009 G/WD-047 G/WD-015 G/WD-009 G/WD-047 G/WD-031 G/WD-044 G/WD-020 G/WD-033 G/WD-019 G/WD-030 G/WD-044 G/WD-020 G/WD-033 G/WD-019 G/WD-054 G/WD-044 G/WD-020 G/WD-033 G/WD-019 G/WD-054
WQI 210 81 88 88 365 87 62 80 110 72 59 99 86 77 107 67 85 169 103 100 63 96 156 187 102 67 85 164 76
Category VPW GW GW GW UNSUT GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW PW PW GW GW PW PW PW GW GW PW GW
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Table 6.36 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Wardha District Taluka
WQI
Category
64
GW
2008
66
GW
2009
65
GW
87
GW
2008
50
GW
2007
101
PW
83
GW
2009
99
GW
2007
129
PW
2008
140
PW
2009
83
GW
2007 Hinganghat
2007
2008
Karanja
Samudrapur
Seloo
Villages Hinganghat Selu Daroda Hinganghat Selu Daroda Hinganghat Daroda Junapani Nagalwadi Thanegaon Nagalwadi Ajda Girad Sakhra Samudrapur Sirpur Wasi Ajda Girad Nandori Sakhra Samudrapur Sirpur Wasi Ajda Girad Sakhra Samudrapur Sirpur Vaygaon Wasi Giroli Hingni Madni Yelakeli Giroli Hingni Keljhar Madni Yelakeli Madni
Well No. G/WD-004 G/WD-018 G/WD-014 G/WD-004 G/WD-018 G/WD-014 G/WD-004 G/WD-014 G/WD-034 G/WD-013 G/WD-012 G/WD-013 G/WD-042 G/WD-007 G/WD-040 G/WD-025 G/WD-002 G/WD-048 G/WD-042 G/WD-007 G/WD-043 G/WD-040 G/WD-025 G/WD-002 G/WD-048 G/WD-042 G/WD-007 G/WD-040 G/WD-025 G/WD-002 G/WD-026 G/WD-048 G/WD-036 G/WD-041 G/WD-022 G/WD-045 G/WD-036 G/WD-041 G/WD-006 G/WD-022 G/WD-045 G/WD-022
WQI 77 67 49 65 59 74 72 57 116 61 83 50 57 92 97 100 109 150 43 82 47 132 81 81 118 57 93 155 100 98 61 127 205 104 104 103 218 135 105 92 149 83
Category GW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW PW EXLT GW EXLT PW GW GW PW GW GW PW PW GW GW PW VPW PW PW PW VPW PW PW GW PW GW
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Table 6.36 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Wardha District Taluka
WQI
Category
126
PW
2008
104
PW
2009
93
GW
2007
Wardha
Villages Anji Arvi Khandali Kharangana Pipri Pulgaon Tigaon Vadad Khandali Kharangana Paragothan Pipri Pulgaon Tigaon Vadad Pipri Pulgaon Tigaon Vadad
Well No. G/WD-017 G/WD-021 G/WD-024 G/WD-010 G/WD-038 G/WD-011 G/WD-027 G/WD-032 G/WD-024 G/WD-010 G/WD-008 G/WD-038 G/WD-011 G/WD-027 G/WD-032 G/WD-038 G/WD-011 G/WD-027 G/WD-032
WQI 149 74 361 74 118 88 68 75 222 75 68 123 93 52 92 110 98 56 107
Category PW GW UNSUT GW PW GW GW GW VPW GW GW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW
The three years water quality of district was good at Ashti, Hinganghat and Karanja, whereas it was poor at Arvi taluka. Standard exceedance with respect to the nitrate and hardness resulted into the deterioration of ground water quality. 33) Washim District Washim is one of the 11 districts of Vidarbha and was carved out of Akola district recently. It is situated in the north eastern part of the State. The district forms part of Deccan Plateau with slope towards southeast from Sahayadri hills and has a varied topography consisting of hills, plains and undulating topography near riverbanks. The district forms a part of Godavari and Tapi basins. Balaghat Plateau comprises of low-lying hills forming water divide. Many of the tributaries to Godavari and Tapi rivers originate from the Balaghat Plateau. Penganga River is the main river flowing through the district. Other rivers are Adol, Aran, Kapsi, Nirguna and Mun. General Information: Geographical Area: 5196 sq. km. Taluka-6; Washim, Karanja, Manora, Mangrulpir, Malegaon, Risod. Villages: 789 Population: 10,19,000 Soil Type: The soil of the district is basically derived form Deccan Trap Basalt and major part of the district is occupied by medium black soil of 25-50 cm depth occurring in the plains in entire south western, north eastern and northern parts of the district, whereas the shallow black soil of 7.5 to 25 cm depth occur in restricted hilly parts of the district in central elongated part and the northern peripheral part. 6-141
Annual Rainfall: 872 mm to 966 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt
Major Ground water problems and issues: The western part of this district is affected by drought conditions. The normal annual rainfall is also less in the Rasod taluka during the period. Thus future water conservation and artificial recharge structures in the district may be prioritized in this part of the district. Ground water quality is adversely affected by nitrate contamination. Continuous intake of high nitrate concentration water causes infant methaemoglobinamea, popularly known as Blue Babies disease. Inadequate sanitary protection to the wells may cause nitrate contamination. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 6 talukas were monitored for 57 villages by CGWB and GSDA. CGWB data excluded Fe in ground water analysis. Due to this non uniformity in monitored data, WQI was estimated considering Fe weightage at respective monitoring station. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.37 gives the water quality index of ground water for Washim district. Karanja and Risod : The ground water quality evaluations of Karanja and Risod taluka varied from good to poor. The overall quality was poor in 2007, which may be due to exceedance of Mg and nitrate in around 25-75% samples. However, it was good in 2008-09 in both the talukas. Mangrulpir: In Bitoda (Bhoyar), Shelu Bazar and Sendurjan Adhao villages of this taluka, the WQI evaluations varied from good to poor. The overall quality was poor in 2007-08 because of high levels of pH, TDS, TH, Mg and nitrate in 33-67%, however, it was good in 2009. Also, WQI evaluations (considering iron concentration) of other villages of these talukas indicated that the overall ground water quality was good in all the three years. Malegaon and Manora: Kinhi Raja and Medshi villages of Malegaon taluka showed that the overall ground water quality was good in 2007-08 while it was excellent in 2009. Similarly in Manora taluka, considering iron concentration in WQI estimation for Vilegaon and Dhamni Manora village, showed good and poor water quality for the year 2007 and 2008 respectively. The poor quality could be due to nitrate exceeding the permissible limit in all samples in 2008. However, WQI evaluations considering iron concentration for WQI of this taluka indicated that the water quality was good throughout in all three years. Also, it was excellent in Umari Bk. village in 2008. Washim : Water quality of this taluka consistently found to be good considering with and without iron concentration in WQI calculation for all the three years.
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Table 6.37: WQI of Ground Water of Washim District Taluka
WQI
Category
111
PW
93
GW
2009
90
GW
2007
74
GW
54
GW
79
GW
91
GW
71
GW
2009
49
EXLT
2007
81
GW
2007
2008
2008
Karanja (Without Fe)
Karanja (With Fe)
2009
2007 2008
Malegaon (Without Fe)
Malegaon (With Fe) 2008
80
GW
Villages Dhanaj Khurd Karanja Shaha Loni Dhanaj Khurd Shaha Loni Kamargaon Karanja Loni Dhotra Panvihir Shaha Tuljapur Dhanaj Bk Dhotra Kherda Bk. Sohol Manbha Panvihir Shaha Tuljapur Karanja Kherda Kherda Bk. Panvihir Tuljapur Dhotra Shaha Kinhi Raja Medshi Kinhi Raja Medshi Medshi Davha Dongarkinhi Ekamba Karanji Zodaga Malegaon Davha Dongarkinhi Ekamba Karanji Zodaga
Well No. T/WM-009 G/WM-007 T/WM-020 G/WM-028 T/WM-009 T/WM-020 G/WM-028 G/WM-015 G/WM-007 G/WM-028 WSOBW003 WSOBW011 WSOBW015 WSOBW082 WSOBW002 WSOBW003 WSOBW007 WSOBW017 WSOBW008 WSOBW011 WSOBW015 WSOBW082 WSOBW006 WSPZ001 WSOBW007 WSOBW011 WSOBW082 WSOBW003 WSOBW015 G/WM-018 T/WM-011 G/WM-018 T/WM-011 T/WM-011 WSOBW074 WSOBW075 WSOBW076 WSOBW077
wswqm005 BS-77 WSOBW074 WSOBW075 WSOBW076 WSOBW077 wswqm005
WQI 129 140 69 108 112 75 91 103 81 87 58 114 67 57 68 51 50 82 56 39 51 39 58 72 62 59 141 72 90 111 71 65 78 49 65 107 58 121 54 105 53 105 55 109 54
Category PW PW GW PW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW EXLT GW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW EXLT GW PW GW PW GW PW GW PW GW PW GW
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Table 6.37 (Contd..): WQI of Ground Water of Washim District Taluka
WQI
Category
86
GW
117
PW
103
PW
2009
97
GW
2007
86
GW
79
GW
82
GW
79
GW
119
PW
2009
Malegaon (With Fe)
2007
2008
2008
Mangulpir (Without Fe)
Mangrulpir (With Fe)
2009
2007 2008
Manora (Without Fe)
2007
2008
2009
Manora (With Fe)
70
GW
63
GW
76
GW
Villages Ekamba Karanji Malegaon Dongarkinhi Davha Zodaga Jaulka Bitoda Shelu Bazar Sendurjan Bitoda Shelu Bazar Sendurjan Bitoda Dabhadi Jogaldari Kalamba Mangrulpir Wanoja Dabhadi Mangrulpir Jogaldari Dabhadi Wanoja Kalamba Jogaldari Mangrulpir Vilegaon Dhamni
Well No. WSOBW076 WSOBW077 BS-77 WSOBW075 WSOBW074 wswqm005 WSPZ009 G/WM-013 G/WM-017 G/WM-016 G/WM-013 G/WM-017 G/WM-016 G/WM-013 WSOBW036 WSOBW038 WSOBW039 WSWQN003 WSOBW072 WSOBW036 WSWQN003 WSOBW038 WSOBW036 WSOBW072 WSOBW039 WSOBW038 WSWQN003 T/WM-008 G/WM-002
WQI 53 109 121 111 56 53 94 130 112 109 110 93 106 97 64 92 99 90 98 69 77 71 68 105 79 97 61 79 119
Category GW PW PW PW GW GW GW PW PW PW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW PW
Dhavanda Umari Bk. Bhuli Kupta Sakhardoh Umari Bk. Bhuli Kupta Bhuli Kupta Dhavanda Umari Bk. Sakhardoh Parwa
WSPZ002 WSOBW032 WSOBW021 WSOBW027 WSOBW029 WSOBW032 WSOBW021 WSOBW027 WSOBW021 WSOBW027 WSPZ002 WSOBW032 WSOBW029 WSPZ003
74 57 73 77 56 44 95 57 98 53 88 71 61 67
GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW
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Table 6.37 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Washim District Taluka
WQI
Category
104
PW
98
GW
2009
78
GW
2007
85
GW
91
GW
87
GW
2007
2008
2008
2009
Risod (Without Fe)
Risod (With Fe)
Villages Risod Kenwad Rithad Sakhar Doha Dapuri Risod Kenwad Rithad Sakhar Doha Dapuri Risod Kenwad Rithad Sakhar Doha Sukali Degaon Gohagaon Lehani Loni Bk. Mahagaon Masalapen Mohaja Bandi Mop Netansa Risod Wanoja Gohagaon Lehani Shelgaon Loni Bk. Masalapen Mohaja Bandi Risod Mop Netansa Sukali Netansa Degaon Mohaja Bandi Loni Bk. Mop Lehani Gohagaon Mahagaon Risod Wanoja Masalapen
Well No. G/WM-005 G/WM-004 G/WM-014 G/WM-012 G/WM-019 G/WM-005 G/WM-004 G/WM-014 G/WM-012 G/WM-019 G/WM-005 G/WM-004 G/WM-014 G/WM-012 WSOBW052 WSOBW059 WSOBW060 WSOBW063 WSOBW064 WSPZ006 WSWQN002 WSWQN001 WSOBW056 WSOBW068 WSOBW069 WSOBW043 WSOBW060 WSOBW063 WSOBW070 WSOBW064 WSWQN002 WSWQN001 WSOBW069 WSOBW056 WSOBW068 WSOBW052 WSOBW068 WSOBW059 WSWQN001 WSOBW064 WSOBW056 WSOBW063 WSOBW060 WSPZ006 WSOBW069 WSOBW043 WSWQN002
WQI 120 129 76 80 115 106 115 79 69 120 108 89 60 54 52 91 57 107 75 124 74 49 79 99 107 101 113 101 55 79 62 81 167 56 118 74 107 98 57 70 59 118 55 133 118 73 74
Category PW PW GW GW PW PW PW GW GW PW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW PW GW EXLT GW GW PW PW PW PW GW GW GW GW PW GW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW PW GW PW PW GW GW
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Table 6.37 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Washim District Taluka
WQI
Category
94
GW
65
GW
2009
76
GW
2007
68
GW
64
GW
78
GW
2007 2008
2008
2009
Washim (Without Fe)
Washim (With Fe)
Villages Chikli Wada Washim Wada Washim Chikli Washim Bitoda Teli Bitoda Teli Ekamba Falegaon Kekatumra Pimpalgaon Rajgaon Tondgaon Kapase Warla Tondgaon Washim Ekamba Kekatumra Warla Washim Falegaon Pimpalgaon Rajgaon Kapase Tondgaon Sawargaon Warla Pimpalgaon Rajgaon Kapase Kekatumra Tondgaon Bitoda Teli Ekamba Falegaon Washim
Well No. T/WM-023 G/WM-001 G/WM-003 G/WM-001 G/WM-003 T/WM-023 G/WM-003 WSOBW044 WSOBW044 WSOBW045 WSOBW046 WSOBW047 WSOBW048 WSOBW049 WSOBW051 BS-68 WSOBW053 WSOBW051 WSOBW054 WSOBW045 WSOBW047 WSOBW053 WSOBW054 WSOBW046 WSOBW048 WSOBW049 BS-68 WSOBW051 WSWQN004 WSOBW053 WSOBW048 WSOBW049 BS-68 WSOBW047 WSOBW051 WSOBW044 WSOBW045 WSOBW046 WSOBW054
WQI 127 78 76 67 62 99 52 49 52 74 107 58 85 75 51 49 64 68 78 65 65 54 73 99 73 61 48 54 44 73 97 65 90 89 66 63 65 116 53
Category PW GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW PW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW
From three years water quality of district, the water quality was found to be good at Washim, Karanja, Malegaon, Manora, Risod and Mangrulpir. Nitrate is the major contaminant for deteriorating ground water of this district. The western part of this district is affected by drought conditions. Significant less annual rainfall also affects the recharging of ground water resources in this district.
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34) Yavatmal District Yavatmal district is one of the eleven districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. It is bounded on east by Chandrapur district, on south by Andhra Pradesh State and Nanded district on west by Washim and Hingoli districts and on north by Amravati and Wardha districts. The northern fringe of the district is hilly and forms part of Satpura range. South of these hill ranges, covering almost entire north-central part constitutes the alluvial plain. Southern part of the district is characterized by hilly rugged terrain as a part of Deccan Plateau. Purna is the main river flowing through the district. Wardha River forms the northeastern boundary of the district. The district is well drained by Wardha and Penganga rivers and their tributaries. General Information: Geographical Area 13582 sq. km Taluka-16; Yavatmal, Ner, Babhulgaon, Kalamb, Darwha, Digras, Pusad, Umarkhed, Mahagaon, Arni, Ghatanji, Kelapur, Ralegaon, Maragaon, Zhari- Zhamni and Wani Villages: 2108 Population: 24,58,271 Soil Type: Three types of soils are observed in the district. The shallow coarse soil, which is reddish brown and brownish in colour, occurring in general at higher elevations along the ridges and also at the foothills zone of the major hills. The medium black soil which is developed along the tributary drainage’s and also along the intermediate gradient area. The deep black soil which is developed along the lower reaches of Wardha and Penganga riverbeds. They differ from medium black soil in depth and fertility. The soils in the district are slightly alkaline, clayey loamy in texture and contain calcium carbonate. Annual Rainfall: 850 mm to 1150 mm Geology:
Recent: Alluvium, Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene: Deccan Trap Basalt
Major Ground water problems and issues: Most parts of the district i.e., Kelapur, Maregaon and Wani talukas are affected by the high fluoride concentration in ground water. The villages like Dharna, Sakhra, Sonurli, Susuri, Wadhona (Bk.), Wadhona (Kh.), Runjha and Govarai have been found affected by Fluorosis. Mottled teeth, stiff joints and muscular pains are reported in these villages. Artificial recharge techniques can be used to dilute the fluoride concentration. Ground Water Quality with Respect to BIS Standard and Water Quality Index All 16 talukas were monitored for 135 villages by CGWB and GSDA. CGWB data excluded Fe in ground water analysis. Due to this non uniformity in monitored data, WQI was estimated considering Fe weightage at respective monitoring station. The descriptive statistics of ground water monitoring carried out in the villages are given in Annexure X. Table 6.38 gives the water quality index of ground water for Yavatmal district.
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From BIS comparison of water quality data from different talukas of Yavatmal district, it was observed that pH, TDS, Cl and SO4 values were less than desirable and permissible during all three years. Nitrate, fluoride, TH, Mg and TA exceeded significantly during the years 20082009. Nitrate exceedance was in the range of 15-100% likewise fluoride were in range of 2530% , all other parameters exceedance was mostly in the range of 10-50%. Arni, Darwha, Mahagaon, Ralegaon, Umarkhed had a good water quality, when WQI calculated without considering Fe concentration, but when Fe weightage was considered the WQI found to be good for talukas Babhulgaon, Ghatanji, Maregaon, Ner, Pusad, Yavatmal and Zari Jamni. In some of the talukas viz. Ghatanji, Kalamb, Pusad, water quality varied between good to poor depending upon their Fe weightage in monitored data. Based on WQI calculation and BIS standard comparison showed that talukas namely Digras, Kelapur, Maregaon, Ner and Wani had a poor water quality, where the significant contamination of nitrate and fluoride was observed. Table 6.38 : WQI of Ground Water of Yavatmal District Taluka
WQI 51 62 92
Category GW GW GW
2007
77
GW
2008
80
GW
2009
72
GW
2007
174
PW
167
PW
160
PW
68 61 70
GW GW GW
2007 2008 2009
Arni (Without Fe)
Arni (With Fe)
2008
Babhulgaon (Without Fe)
2009 2007 2008 2009
Babhulgaon (With Fe)
Villages Arni Arni Arni Arni Mangrul Borgaon Punji Dabhadi Arni Mangrul Arni Belora van Dabhadi Deurwadi Mangrul Sawali Mahagaon Borgaon Punji Belura Umari Babhulgaon Pahur Umarda Babhulgaon Pahur Umarda Babhulgaon Pahur Umarda Babhulgaon Babhulgaon Babhulgaon
Well No. G/YT-007 G/YT-007 G/YT-007 YTWQN018 YTWQN017 YTWQNBS103 YTOBW075 YTWQNTS18 YTWQN017 YTWQNTS18 YTOBW076 YTOBW075 YTOBW073 YTWQN017 YTPZ009 YTWQNBS97 YTOBW061 YTWQNBS 101 YTOBW025 G/YT-004 G/YT-031 G/YT-051 G/YT-004 G/YT-031 G/YT-051 G/YT-004 G/YT-031 G/YT-051 YTWQN005 YTWQN005 YTWQN005
WQI 51 62 92 81 80 104 42 76 84 91 62 62 66 90 68 61 61 59 102 135 258 129 155 213 132 134 201 146 68 61 70
Category GW GW GW GW GW PW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW VPW PW PW VPW PW PW VPW PW GW GW GW
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Table 6.38 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Yavatmal District Taluka
WQI
Category
79
GW
95
GW
2009
81
GW
2007
81
GW
2008
81
GW
2009
82
GW
160
PW
147
PW
110
PW
106
PW
2007
2008
Darwha (Without Fe)
Darwha (With Fe)
2007 2008
Digras (Without Fe)
2007 Digras (With Fe)
2008
Villages Ladkhed Selodi Talegaon Ladkhed Selodi Talegaon Selodi Talegaon Darwha Mozar Bariarab Bhandegaon Kamatwada Lakhkhind Mahatoli Mangkinhi Uchegaon Bariarab Bhandegaon Darwha Kamatwada Lakhkhind Mahatoli Mangkinhi Mozar Sangvi Uchegaon Kamatwada Mangkinhi Mozar Lakhkhind Darwha Digras Lonbhel Digras Digras Arambhi Harsul Lakhrayachi Lonbehal Mandwa Tiwari Vitholi Digras Harsul Lakhrayachi Mahagaon Kh. Mandwa Vitholi
Well No. G/YT-021 G/YT-011 G/YT-041 G/YT-021 G/YT-011 G/YT-041 G/YT-011 G/YT-041 YTWQN015 YTOBW045 YETOBWBS97 YTOBW040 YTOBW046 YTOBW041 YTOBW053 YETWQNBS 81 YTOBW042 YETOBWBS97 YTWQNBS80 YTWQN015 YTOBW046 YTOBW041 YTOBW053 YETWQNBS 81 YTOBW045 YTOBW036 YTOBW042 YTOBW046 YETWQNBS 81 YTOBW045 YTOBW041 YTWQN015 G/YT-010 G/YT-028 G/YT-010 YTWQN016 YTOBW068 YTOBW063 YTOBW069 YTOBW078 YTOBW064 YTOBW067 YTOBW071 YTWQNTS16 YTOBW063 YTOBW069 YTPZ005 YTOBW064 YTOBW071
WQI 95 96 47 135 85 65 106 57 80 65 68 61 71 92 149 71 70 51 63 97 55 105 140 73 66 83 73 68 103 53 87 99 161 158 147 111 105 189 81 62 148 114 67 136 165 89 52 140 57
Category GW GW EXLT PW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW GW GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW PW PW PW PW PW PW GW GW PW PW GW PW PW GW GW PW GW
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Table 6.38 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Yavatmal District Taluka
WQI
Category
93
GW
86
GW
112
PW
2009
108
PW
2007
75
GW
80
GW
2009
70
GW
2007
116
PW
116
PW
2009
97
GW
2007
87
GW
76
GW
89
GW
2009
Digras (With Fe)
2007 2008
2008
2008
2008
2009
Ghatanji (Without Fe)
Ghatanji (With Fe)
Kalamb (Without Fe)
Kalamb (With Fe)
Villages Lonbehal Arambhi Digras Harsul Lakhrayachi Vitholi Mandwa Ghatanji Injhala Jodmoha Injhala Jodmoha Ghatanji Injhala Jodmoha Kurli Belura Ghatanji Ghatanji Mangi Manoli Vilayata Kurli Mangi Manoli Vilayata Yerandgaon Chaparda Kalamb Kotha Chaparda Kalamb Kotha Sirpur Chaparda Kalamb Kalamb Chaparda Chincholi Pilkhana Sonegaon Kalamb Kalamb
Well No. YTOBW078 YTOBW068 YTOBW065 YTOBW063 YTOBW069 YTOBW071 YTOBW064 G/YT-035 G/YT-040 G/YT-033 G/YT-040 G/YT-033 G/YT-035 G/YT-040 G/YT-033 YTOBW026 YTOBW133 YTWQN007 YTWQN007 YTOBW027 YTOBW139 YTOBW057 YTOBW026 YTOBW027 YTOBW139 YTOBW057 YTOBW136 G/YT-057 G/YT-001 G/YT-052 G/YT-057 G/YT-001 G/YT-052 G/YT-029 G/YT-057 G/YT-001 YTWQN004 YTOBW084 YTOBW147 YTOBW085 YTPZ008 YTWQN004 YTWQN004
WQI 71 116 134 118 87 71 54 100 97 62 112 112 112 97 113 58 69 102 71 62 115 63 58 54 47 55 83 48 160 139 56 180 144 83 51 143 87 56 81 104 67 73 89
Category GW PW PW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW PW PW PW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW EXLT PW PW GW PW PW GW GW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW
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Table 6.38 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Yavatmal District Taluka
WQI
Category
104
PW
108
PW
2009
132
PW
2007
102
PW
2008
68
GW
2009
77
GW
2007
74
GW
85
GW
2007
2008
Kelapur (Without Fe)
Kelapur (With Fe)
2008
Mahagaon (Without Fe)
2009
67
GW
2007
83
GW
83
GW
68
GW
146
PW
166
PW
61
GW
54
GW
56
GW
2008
Mahagaon (With Fe)
2009
2007
Maregaon (Without Fe)
2008 2007 2008 2009
Maregaon (With Fe)
Villages Pahapal Saykheda Pandharkawada Pahapal Mohada Pandharkawada Pahapal Mohada Pandharkawada Maregaon Maregaon Kelapur Pahapal Chanakha Ghubadi Dharana Khairgaon Bk. Maregaon Pahapal Warha Kelapur Dhanoda Mahagaon Dhanoda Mahagaon Mohgaon Kasba Dhanoda Mahagaon Mahagaon Pisgaon Mahagaon Mahagaon Mahagaon Dhanoda Kaurwadi Mahagaon Mardi Maregaon Mardi Jalaka Maregaon Maregaon Jalaka Maregaon
Well No. G/YT-038 G/YT-056 G/YT-005 G/YT-038 G/YT-012 G/YT-005 G/YT-038 G/YT-012 G/YT-005 YTOBW089 YTOBW089 YTWQN008 YTOBW098 YTOBW028 YTOBW029 YTOBW091 YTOBW092 YTOBW089 YTOBW098 YTOBW097 YTWQN008 G/YT-009 G/YT-027 G/YT-009 G/YT-027
WQI 161 61 89 99 142 84 155 150 90 102 72 63 86 56 54 113 145 64 73 53 51 89 59 88 65
Category PW GW GW GW PW GW PW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW
G/YT-026 G/YT-009 G/YT-027 YTWQN025 YTOBW158 YTWQN025 YTWQN025 YTWQN025 YTOBW079 YTPZ003 YTWQN025 G/YT-032 G/YT-015 G/YT-032 YTOBW090 YTWQN009 YTWQN009 YTOBW090 YTWQN009
102 85 50 78 74 95 83 89 57 43 84 163 129 166 58 64 54 46 65
PW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW PW PW PW GW GW GW EXLT GW
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Table 6.38 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Yavatmal District WQI
Category
151
PW
155
PW
2009
129
PW
2007
81
GW
2008
74
GW
2008
84
GW
94
GW
109
PW
123
PW
82 79
GW GW
66
GW
82 66 73 86
GW GW GW GW
90
GW
101
PW
Taluka 2007 2008
Ner (Without Fe)
Ner (WithFe)
2007 2008
Pusad (Without Fe)
2009 2007 2008
Pusad (With Fe)
2009 2007 2008 2009 2007
2008
2009
Ralegaon (Without Fe)
Ralegaon (With Fe)
Villages Manekwada Mojhar Manekwada Mojhar Manekwada Mojhar Bangaon Bramhanwada Dhanaj Gharefal Khandala Ner Watfali Uttarwadhona Yelgunda Watfali Ner Dhanaj Gharefal Khandala Ner Uttarwadhona Watfali Harsi Phul Sawangi Pusad Marwadi Khurd Pusad Phul Sawangi Pusad Marwadi Khurd Parwa Pusad Pusad Pusad Chondhi Wadhona Wadhona Wadhona Ralegaon Ashtona Khadaki Khairey Kinhi Jawade Ramtirth Wadhona Bz. Ralegaon Ralegaon
Well No. G/YT-058 G/YT-049 G/YT-058 G/YT-049 G/YT-058 G/YT-049 YTOBW038 YTOBW163 YTOBW183 YTOBW164 YTOBW168 YTWQN014 YTOBW166 YTOBW047 YTPZ014 YTOBW166 YTWQN014 YTOBW183 YTOBW164 YTOBW168 YTWQN014 YTOBW047 YTOBW166 G/YT-013 G/YT-059 G/YT-030 G/YT-019 G/YT-030 G/YT-059 G/YT-030 G/YT-019 G/YT-023 YTWQN019 YTWQN019 YTWQN019 YTOBW107 G/YT-050 G/YT-050 G/YT-050 YTWQN006 YTOBW155 YTOBW153 YTOBW156 YTOBW154 YTPZ007 YTOBW152 YTWQN006 YTWQN006
WQI 246 56 241 68 196 62 94 111 138 84 80 61 51 67 41 67 82 125 119 51 72 86 49 82 64 115 93 109 183 103 111 96 82 79 87 45 82 66 73 86 120 75 85 80 81 72 116 101
Category VPW GW VPW GW PW GW GW PW PW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW PW PW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW PW GW PW PW PW PW GW GW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW
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Table 6.38 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Yavatmal District 2007
Taluka Umarkhed (Without Fe)
WQI
Category
91
GW
Villages
Well No.
WQI
Category GW
G/YT-048 YTOBW004 YTWQN024 YTWQN024 YTWQN023 YTWQN024 YTWQN023 YTOBW014 YTOBW011 YTOBW007 YTOBW009 G/YT-022
91 74 70 59 123 68 93 76 88 48 101 118
GW GW GW PW GW GW GW GW EXLT PW PW
2007
72
GW
2008
91
GW
79
GW
118
PW
Umarkhed Pophali Umarkhed Umarkhed Pophali Umarkhed Pophali Bitargaon Dhanki Marsal Vidul Kayar
134
PW
Kayar
G/YT-022
134
PW
Chilai Rasa Shindola Shirpur Wani ( 3 ) Wani ( 1 ) Wani ( 2 ) Pimpri k Ukani Pimpri k Ukani Wani ( 3 ) Wani ( 1 ) Wani ( 2 ) Rasa Shirpur Ukani Wani ( 3 ) Wani ( 1 ) Wani ( 2 ) Shindola Akolabazar Kolambi Madkona Savar Wadgaon Mandeo Jamwadi Karanji Mangrule Vai (Lingi)
YTOBW122 YTOBW120 YTOBW035 YTOBW185 YTWQN013 YTWQN011 YTWQN012 YTOBW191 YTWQN010 YTOBW191 YTWQN010 YTWQN013 YTWQN011 YTWQN012 YTOBW120 YTOBW185 YTWQN010 YTWQN013 YTWQN011 YTWQN012 YTOBW035 G/YT-043 G/YT-016 G/YT-044 G/YT-053 G/YT-014 G/YT-036 G/YT-045 G/YT-072 G/YT-042 G/YT-046
53 106 116 97 132 93 93 102 117 96 106 89 109 132 137 89 84 95 84 92 85 145 154 60 174 96 54 81 54 91 304
GW PW PW GW PW GW GW PW PW GW PW GW PW PW PW GW GW GW GW GW GW PW PW GW PW GW GW GW GW GW UNSUT
Umarkhed (With Fe) 2009
2007 2008
Wani (Without Fe)
2007
2008
Wani (With Fe)
2009
2007
Yavatmal (Without Fe)
101
PW
107
PW
95
GW
121
PW
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Table 6.38 (Contd..) : WQI of Ground Water of Yavatmal District WQI
Category
137
PW
2009
106
PW
2007
90
GW
2008
79
GW
2009
67
GW
2007 2008
60 51
GW GW
74
GW
Taluka
2008 Yavatmal (Without Fe)
Yavatmal (With Fe)
2009
Zari Jamni (With Fe)
Villages Akolabazar Elbara Kolambi Madkona Savar Wadgaon Mandeo Jamwadi Karanji Mangrule Vai (Lingi) Kolambi Savar Wadgaon Jamwadi Akola Bazar Yavatmal Akola Bazar Bechkheda Borisinha Daheli Sawargad Talegaon Bechkheda Wadgaon Borisinha Daheli Sawargad Yavatmal Zari Zari Dabha Matharjun Mudhati Shibala Zari Katali Borgaon Mukutban
Well No. G/YT-043 G/YT-034 G/YT-016 G/YT-044 G/YT-053 G/YT-014 G/YT-036 G/YT-045 G/YT-017 G/YT-042 G/YT-046 G/YT-016 G/YT-053 G/YT-014 G/YT-045 YTPZ001 YTWQN001 YTPZ001 YTOBW049 YTOBW048 YTOBW130 YTOBW150 YTOBW131 YTOBW049 YTOBW128 YTOBW048 YTOBW130 YTOBW150 YTWQN003 YTPZ0034 YTPZ0034 YTOBW099 YTOBW101 YTOBW100 YTOBW095 YTPZ0034 YTOBW094 YTOBW032
WQI 144 200 150 78 140 117 74 108 113 96 285 55 138 100 132 99 80 97 139 57 66 48 68 73 61 61 54 46 104 60 51 59 61 62 53 48 123 110
Category PW VPW PW GW PW PW GW PW PW GW VPW GW PW PW PW GW GW GW PW GW GW EXLT GW GW GW GW GW EXLT PW GW GW GW GW GW GW EXLT PW PW
The three years water quality of district showed good water quality at Arni, Darwha, Mahagaon, Ralegaon, Babhulgaon, Ghatanji, Maregaon, Ner, Pusad, Umarkhed and Zari Jamni. Whereas talukas Babhulgaon, Digras, Kelapur and Ner were consistently seen to be poor. Nitrate and Fluoride are the major contaminant for deteriorating ground water of this district.
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6.5 Ground Water Monitoring Status Under MPCB To observe the trends of groundwater quality changes occurring due to either natural causes or anthropogenic activities, MPCB has conducted groundwater quality monitoring programme in the various Districts of Maharashtra state. It also involves confirmation and suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and identification of major pollutants. For this study various monitoring locations in different districts are selected SWMP and NWMP programs, which are listed in Table 6.39. Table 6.39 : District Wise Ground Water Monitoring Station under SWMP and NWMP District Taluka (No. of villages) Villages No. of (No. of stations monitored) Stations Ahmednagar Ahmednagar (1), Rahata (1), Burudgaon (1), Chitali (1), Sangamner (1) Gunjalwadi (1) 3 Akola Akot (1) Anjangaon (1) 1 Amravati Achalpur (1) Paratwada (1) 1 Aurangabad Gangapur (2), Paithan (1) Pandharpur (1), Ranjangaon (1), Katpur (1) 3 Chandrapur Ballarpur (1) Visapur (1) 1 Gondia Gondia (1) Changera (1) 1 Kolhapur Hatkanangale (1), Karvir (1) Shiroli (1), Gokul Shirgaon (1) 2 Nagpur Kalmeshwar (1), Brahmni (1), Kamptee (1) Khaperkheda-Ward No.4 (1) 2 Nashik Dindori (1), Nashik (1) Rasegaon (1), Shinde (1) 2 Pune Baramati (1), Haweli (1), Ralegaon (1), Moshi (1), Shirur (1) Sanaswadi (1) 3 Ratnagiri Guhagar (1), Khed (1) Anjanwel (1), Arketwadi (3) 4 Sangli Miraj (2), Walwa (1) Sambarwadi (1), Savali (1), Sakharali (1) 3 Solapur Solapur (1), Mohol (1), Tuljapur naka (1), Chincholi (1), North Solapur (1) Dahegaon (1) 3 Motapada (1), Kashimira (1), Thane Dahanu (1),MiraAliyali (1), MIDC-Tarapur (1), Bhayander(1), Gokhiware (1) 5 Palghar (2), Vasai (1)
The details of monitoring locations are given below. 1. Bore well at M/s Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd, S-76 (1984/NWMP) • Station Details : Industrial Estate, Tarapur Village- MIDCTarapur, Taluka- Palghar, District- Thane • Pollution sources: Percolated effluent from nallas in the MIDC area. 2. Dug well at 5 Star Industrial Estate (1985/NWMP) • Station Details : Village- Kashimira, Taluka- Mira-Bhayander, District- Thane • Pollution sources: Nearby polluting industries. Leaching of effluent possible. Water is used only for industrial purposes.
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3. Bore well at Motapada (1986/NWMP) • Station Details : Village- Motapada, Taluka- Dahanu, District- Thane • Pollution sources: Thermal Power plant nearby. Water is used for drinking. 4. Bore well at Vasai (1987/NWMP) • Station Details : Village- Gokhiware, Taluka- Vasai, District- Thane • Pollution sources: Nearby Industrial Estate, mainly engineering units. Water is used for drinking & industrial purposes. 5. Bore well at Gharatwadi, Palghar (1988/NWMP) • Station Details : Village- Aliyali, Taluka- Palghar, District- Thane • Pollution sources: Small scale industries nearby. 6. Bore well at BMW Site , Burudgaon (1990/NWMP) • Station Details: Village-Burudgaon , Taluka- Ahmednagar, District- Ahmednagar. • Pollution sources: Leaching of pollutants possible from MSW site. 7. Dug well at MSW Site, owned by Shri. Dattu Kondiba Borate at Borate Vasthi. (1992/NWMP) • Station Details : Village-Moshi , Taluka- Haveli, District- Pune • Pollution sources: Leaching or percolation of pollutants from MSW site. Water used for agriculture 8. Dug well at Pandarpur, Gangapur, Aurangabad (1993/NWMP) • Station Details : Village-Pandharpur , Taluka- Gangapur, District- Aurangabad • Pollution sources: Industrial and domestic pollution. 9. Gram Panchayath Dug well , Near Balaji Gajbhiye House, Khaperkheda (1995/NWMP) • Station Details : Village-Khaperkheda( Ward No.4) , Taluka- Saoner, District- Nagpur • Pollution sources: Maharashtra State Power Generation Co. Ltd & Thermal Power Station. Water is used for drinking & other domestic uses. 10. Gram Panchayat Dug well near Gram Panchayat Office, Brahmni (1998/NWMP) • Station Details : Village-Brahmni, Taluka- Kalmeshwar, District- Nagpur • Pollution sources: Wastes from MIDC Kalmeshwar & Municipal Council. Water is used for domestic purposes, except drinking. 11. Bore well Near Gram Panchayat,Changera. (1999/NWMP) • Station Details : Village-Changera, Taluka- Gondia, District- Gondia. • Pollution sources: Pollution due to human activities.Water used for domestic purposes 12. Tube well at water treatment plant of M.C.Achalpur near Post Office. (2001/NWMP) • Station Details : Village-Paratwada, Taluka- Achalpur, District- Amravati • Pollution sources: Habitation in the nearby Paratwada city. Water is used for domestic purposes. 13. Bore well Opp. Gajanan Maharaj Temple at Anjangaon road. (2002/NWMP) • Station Details : Village-Anjangaon, Taluka- Akot, District- Akola • Pollution sources: Habitation in the nearby Akot city. Water is used for domestic purposes. 14. Bore well at Savali, near Gram Panchayat office. (2007/NWMP) • Station Details : Village-Savali, Taluka- Miraj, District- Sangli. • Pollution sources: Percolation of industrial effluent and domestic waste from nearby industrial area.
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15. Dug well at Sambarwadi, owned by Shri. Kishan Hali Rajput. (2008/NWMP) • Station Details : Village- Sambarwadi, Taluka- Miraj, District- Sangli. • Pollution sources: Percolation of industrial effluent and domestic waste from nearby industrial area. 16. Bore well at Katpur, near Z.PSchool. (2200/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Katpur,Taluka- Paithan, District-Aurangabad • Pollution sources: Industrial pollution 17. Dug well at Ranjangaon (2201/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Ranjangaon,Taluka- Gangapur, District-Aurangabad • Pollution sources: Industrial and domestic pollution. 18. Dug well at Gunjalwadi, Sangamner near Primary Health Care Center. (2204/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Gunjalwadi, Taluka- Sangamner, District- Ahmadnagar • Pollution sources: Leaching of pollutants possible from nearby Industrial area. 19. Bore well at MIDC Shiroli near M/s Pratibha Enterprises. (157/SWMP) • Station Details : Village- Shiroli,Taluka- Hatkanangale, District-Kolhapur • Pollution sources: Percolation of industrial effluents from nearby industrial area. Water is used for drinking. 20. Bore well at MIDC Gokul-Shirgaon. (158/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Gokul-Shirgaon,Taluka- Karvir, District-Kolhapur • Pollution sources: Percolation of industrial effluents from nearby industrial area. 21. Dug well at Sakharali, near MIDC Islampur near Krishna Milk Industry. (159/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Sakharali,Taluka- Walwa, District-Sangli • Pollution sources: Percolation of sewage from nearby Milk Industries. 22. Dug well No. 1 at Brahmanwadi-Anjanwel, owned by Shri. Vaidya. (160/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Anjanwel,Taluka- Guhagar, District-Ratnagiri • Pollution sources: Percolation of pollutants from nearby Gas & Power Company. 23. Dug well-No.-1 owned by Group Gram Panchayat Arketwadi, near Masjid (161/SWMP) • Station Details : Village--Arketwadi,Taluka- Khed, District-Ratnagiri • Pollution sources: Percolation of industrial and domestic pollutants. 24. Dug well No.2 at Arketwadi (163/SWMP) • Station Details : Village--Arketwadi,Taluka- Khed, District-Ratnagiri • Pollution sources: Percolation of sewage. 25. Dug well No. 2, owned by Group Gram Panchayat, Brahmanwadi- Anjanwel (164/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Anjanwel,Taluka- Guhagar, District-Ratnagiri. • Pollution sources: Percolation of pollutants from nearby Gas & Power Company 26. Dug well near Zilla Parishet Primary school, At Visapur (168/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Visapur,Taluka- Ballarpur, District-Chandrapur • Pollution sources: Domestic pollution due to human activities.Water used for domestic purposes 27. Dug well of Mr. Sampat Walunj, near M/s Mahajeet Clayton. (169/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Shinde village, Taluka- Nashik, District- Nashik • Pollution sources: M/s Mahajeet Clayton is closed. Leaching of pollutants possible
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28. Bore well at Chitali near Wagh vasthi (171/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Chitali, Taluka- Rahata, District- Ahmadnagar • Pollution sources: Leaching of pollutants possible from nearby Chitali Distilleries. 29. Bore well at Spectron Ethers, Rasegaon near Siddeshwar Mahadev Mandir. (172/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Rasegaon, Taluka- . Dindori, District- Nashik • Pollution sources: Leaching of pollutants possible from Spectron Ether company 30. Dug well owned by Shri Deshmukh (173/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Malegaon, Taluka- Baramati, District- Pune • Pollution sources: Industrial pollution from Malegaon SSK. 31. Dug well owned by Shri Shivaji Baban Darekar (174/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Sanaswadi, Taluka- Shirur, District- Pune • Pollution sources: Effluents from nearby industries. 32. Bore well at Bale railway station premises owned by Shri. Digambar Joshi. (175/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Dahegaon ,Taluka- North Solapur, District-Solapur • Pollution sources: Leaching of pollutants possible.Water used for domestic purposes. 33. Bore well near Chincholi MIDC (176/SWMP) • Station Details : Village-Chincholi,Taluka- Mohol, District-Solapur • Pollution sources: Industrial pollution from Chincholi MIDC. Water used for drinking purposes. 34. Bore well at Shete Vasti, near old Tuljapur road (177/SWMP) • Station Details : Village- Shete vasthi,Tuljapur Naka,Taluka- Solapur, District-Solapur • Pollution sources: Domestic pollution. MPCB has monitored ground water at 34 locations during the period 2007-2009. The concentrations of the water quality parameters are given in Table 6.40. MPCB has brought out quality standard “A–I” for the use as unfiltered Public water supply after approved Disinfection and the same are considered for evaluation of water quality. The four parameters viz. pH, DO, BOD, TC, Ammonical Nitrogen and Nitrate are compared with MPCB Class A-I for three years. The values which do not comply with the MPCB Class AI standards have been highlighted in Gray colour.
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Table 6.40 : Annual Ground Water Concentrations of MPCB Monitored Stations Year 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Station No 1984
Station Name
pH
DO
BOD
TC
Bore well at M/s Tata Steel Ltd.-76. MIDC, Tarapur.
-7.5 7.9 -7.8 8.4 -7.5 8.1 -7.6 8.4 -7.6 7.9 8.5 ----7.8 -7.2 7.9 --7.5 --7.6
--6.60 --6.00 --6.50 --
6.60 6.36 ----6.05 -6.52 4.18 --6.00 --6.80
-4 6 -7.5 7 -8 6 -7.5 5 -4.5 5 8.8 ----6.3 -3.8 4.4 --7 --14
--7.5 --7.8 --8.4 --7.3
--6.20 --5.21 --5.31 --6.25
--6 --7.2 --6 --1.9
1985
Kashimira Bore Well Water, Mira Bhaindar
1986
Bore well at Dahanu Village Mota Pada
1987
Bore well at Waliv, Vasai
1988
Bore well at Gharatwadi, Palghar
1990
Bore well at BMW Site,Burdgaon A,Nager
1992
Dug Well Water at Borate vasti. Moshi
1993
Dug well at Village, Pandharpur
1995
Gram Panchayath Dug well, Village-Khaperkheda, DistrictNagpur
1998
Gram Panchayath Dug well, Village- Brahmni, DistrictNagpur
1999
Bore well Near Gram Panchayat office. Village-Changera, Taluka- Gondia, District-Gondia
2001
Tube well at water treatment plant of Achalpur, Amravati
2002
Bore well at Anjangaon road. Akola
2007
Bore well at Savali, near Gram Panchayat office
6.60 --
-8 170 -350 20 --35 -2 17 -225 25 22 ----275 -360 280 --26 --27
Ammoni cal-N -0.2 0.1 --0.3 -50 0.1 ----0.1 0.1 -----0.1 -0.1 5 --0.3 --0.1
Nitrate N -3.9 --3.4 1.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.5 -2.6 3.1 1.7 ----0.7 -0.2 11.7 --1.9 --3.7
--22 --60 --26 --6
--0.2 --0.8 --0.1 ----
--3.1 --5.7 --9.7 --4.8
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Table 6.40 : Annual Ground Water Concentrations of MPCB Monitored Stations (contd..) Year 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Station No 2008
Station Name
pH
DO
BOD
TC
Dug well at RusulwadiSambarwadi
--7.4 -7.3 8 -7.1 7.9 8.1 ---8 --8.1 --6.5 ---7.8 --8 --7.4 --7.1 -7.8
--5.95 -5.00 5.00 -6.27 3.92 5.78 ----
--85 -280 240 -280 220 32.5 ----
--6.30 ---6.75 --6.6 --5.15 --6.90 -5.97
--2.8 -9 2 -4.8 5.2 10.3 ---1.8 --3.2 --1.6 ---2 --2.2 --2.3 --1.9 -6.8
7.9 --8.3 --8.4 ---
7.76 --4.95 --6.70 ---
10 --10.5 --12 ---
14 --45 ---
2200
Bore well at Katpur
2201
Dug well at Ranjangaon
2204
Dug well at Gunjalwadi
157
Bore well water at MIDC Shiroli near Pratibha Enterprises, Kolapur
158
Bore well water at MIDC near Gokul Shirgaon, Kolapur
159
Dug well at MIDC, Islampur
160
Dug well at BrahmanwadiAnjanwel, owned by Shri. Vaidya
161
Dug well owned by Group Gram Panchayat Arketwadi, near Masjid
163
Dug well at Arketwadi (Mohalla)
164
Dug well owned by Group Gram Panchayat, BrahmanwadiAnjanwel
168
Dug well Zilla parishad primary school Visapur
169
Well water near M/S Mahajit Claton Ltd Shinde Shree N.P.Tunger
171
Bore well at Chitali
172
Well water at M/S Spectrum Ethers Ltd., Rasegaon, near Siddeshwar Mahadev Mandir
---
--------27 --28 --27 --28 -27
---
Ammoni cal-N ----0.2 3.4 -0.1 5.6 ----0.8 --0.8 --0.4 ---0.7 --0.5 --0.5 --0.6 -0.9
Nitrate N --4.8 -0.4 4.8 -0.5 12 2.3 ---4.8 --4.4 --3.5 ---1.6 --1.6 --1.2 --0.8 -6.7
2.8 --3.6 --3.4 ---
4.8 --1.9 --4.6 ---
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Table 6.40 : Annual Ground Water Concentrations of MPCB Monitored Stations (contd..) Year 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009
Station No 173
174
Station Name
pH
DO
BOD
TC
Dug Well Qwned by Shri Deshmukh at Malegaon, Baramati
8 7.9 8.1 7.8 8.2 7.8 7.8 8 7.2 7.9 7.9 7.3 7.9 8 7.6
6.63 6.30 6.36 4.70 6.42 6.01 5.71 6.54 5.97 5.84 6.70 5.97 5.56 6.66 5.05
6.1 5.6 3.1 6.7 6.1 5.3 6.1 8.4 4.3 5.7 7 4.6 6 10 6.9
290 80 275 498 275 380 198 210 250 283 333 275 194 238 350
Darekar Well at Sanaswadi
175
Bore Well Water at Bale Rly. Station premises owned by Shri D. Joshi
176
Bore well near Chincholi MIDC
177
Bore well at Shete Vasti, near old Tuljapur road
Ammoni cal-N 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6
Nitrate N 0.1 0 0.1 0.4 0.4 3 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4 1 0.1 0.4
At most of the locations BOD did not comply with the standard. TC and Ammonical Nitrogen did not comply at few places.
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