perform at a Buenos Aires underground subway station. Keywords: PIXE, aerosol characterization. PACS: 21.10Re, 21.60.Ev, 21.60.Cs, 23.20.Lv, 27.80.+w.
Characterization of aerosol particles from Buenos Aires City and its subway system: PIXE and SEM/EDX L. G. Murruni, M. E. Debray, A. J. Kreiner, A. Burlon, M. Davidson et al. Citation: AIP Conf. Proc. 884, 474 (2007); doi: 10.1063/1.2710633 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2710633 View Table of Contents: http://proceedings.aip.org/dbt/dbt.jsp?KEY=APCPCS&Volume=884&Issue=1 Published by the AIP Publishing LLC.
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Characterization of aerosol particles from Buenos Aires City and its subway system: PIXE and SEM/EDX ~ . G . ~ u r r u n i ~* ., ~ ,. ~ e b r a y~*. ,~?. ~ , r e i n e r + >A.* ,~*u*r,l o n "M. Davidson**,J. Davidson**,D. Minsky*yt,M. Ozafriin*, M. Rosenbuschs, A.G. Ulkem,M.E. Viizquez* and V. Solanest * Unidad de Actividad Fisica, CNEA, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina + ~ s c u e lde a Ciencia y Tecnologia, UNSAM, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina **CONICE7;Argentina * ~ s c ula e de Ciencia y Tecnologia, UNSAM, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina § ~ n i d ade d Actividad Quimica, CNEA, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina ¶ ~ e ~ tdeo Ciencias . de la Atmdsfera y 10s Ockanos, UBA, (1428),Argentina Abstract. This study analyzes total suspended particle (TSP) samples collected at two sites of Buenos Aires City (34S, 58W). One site (San Martin) placed 17 km from city center, and the other one at an underground subway station (Diagonal Norte) in downtown Buenos Aires. In both cases, gravimetric analysis has been performed, while elemental analysis using PIXE has been only carried out in the first case. To the best our knowledge, this is the first airborne particle measurement perform at a Buenos Aires underground subway station. Keywords: PIXE, aerosol characterization PACS: 21.10Re, 21.60.Ev, 21.60.Cs, 23.20.Lv, 27.80.+w
There is an increasing concern about the hazardous effects of metals and metalloids in airborne particles on humans and other living organisms in populated areas. These populations are exposed to elements that often are well above natural background. TSP samples were collected at suburb (San Martin) and at subway station Diagonal Norte in downtown Buenos Aires. Metals and non-metals (S, C1, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb) were analyzed, in samples collected at San Martin, by conventional PIXE and pPIXE using 160at 50 MeV energy and high resolution Si(Li) detectors. Same samples collected at Diagonal Norte were studied using SEMIEDX. Figure 1 shows the TSP average concentrations measured in this study and for comparisons it also include measurements obtained from other authors [I]. Clearly, TSP levels measured in the subway station are a factor 4 to 9 times bigger than the ones measured in other urban places. SEMJEDX analysis (not shown) performed on TSP samples collected at subway station, revealed the presence of Fe-rich and Si/Fe-rich particles, which might be attributed to erosion of the wheel-rail interface. Elemental maps obtained by pPIXE reveal the presence of Ti-rich particles, particles composed mainly by C d S or by FeICdSi, among others. These particles are related to weathering construction materials [2]. The PIXE bulk analysis showed the presence of several constituent elements of suspended particles. Table 1 shows the mean concentrations measured. Elements such as Zn, Cu and Pb are related to vehicular emission, while the others are associated to CP884, VILatln Amerlcan Symposium on Nuclear Physlcs andAppllcatlons, edited by 0. Civitarese, C. Dorso, G. Garcia Bermudez, A. J. Kreiner, A. J. Pacheco, and N. N. Scoccola O 2007 American Institute of Physics 978-0-7354-0388-8/07/$23.00
474
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different sources (natural or anthropogenic sources).
Diag. Norte
S. Martin Dwtn Bs. As. [I]
FIGURE 1. TSP measurements at several places of Buenos Aires and its subway system. TABLE 1. Mean elemental (ng/m3) and mass (pg/m3) concentrations measured at San Martin, SD. Standard Deviation.
I
I m a s s I T i I V I C r l M n l Fe l C u l Z n l P b I
S
I
C1
I
Ca
I
1 S"; I 3d I k3 I :I : I : I I I I I 1 ?, 1 446 400
13 10
36 35
58 22
508 350
1872 1902
895 545
REFERENCES 1. H.Bogo, M.Otero, P.Castro, M.Ozafrin, A.J.Kreiner, E.J.Calvo, R.M.Negri, Atm. Env. 37 1135 (2003) . 2. T.Moreno, T.Jones, R.Richards, Sci. of the Total Env. 333 59 (2004).
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