Sep 21, 2011 - health, plant growth, and industrial sector is essential to control and improve the .... morphometric analysis in comparison with the hydro- geological conditions to .... 2009 Koyana River Basin, Maharashtra. Hydrogeochemistry.
Environ Monit Assess (2012) 184:5189–5214 DOI 10.1007/s10661-011-2333-y
Chemical characteristics of groundwater and assessment of groundwater quality in Varaha River Basin, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India N. Subba Rao & P. Surya Rao & G. Venktram Reddy & M. Nagamani & G. Vidyasagar & N. L. V. V. Satyanarayana
Received: 20 November 2010 / Accepted: 29 August 2011 / Published online: 21 September 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011
Abstract Study on chemical characteristics of groundwater and impacts of groundwater quality on human health, plant growth, and industrial sector is essential to control and improve the water quality in every part of the country. The area of the Varaha River Basin is chosen for the present study, where the Precambrian Eastern Ghats underlain the Recent sediments. Groundwater quality is of mostly brackish and very hard, caused by the sources of geogenic, anthropogenic, and marine origin. The resulting groundwater is character− + 2 ized by Na+ >Mg2+ >Ca2+ :HCO 3 >Cl >SO4 , Na > − + 2+ 2 Mg2+ >Ca2+ :HCO 3 >Cl >SO4 >NO3 , Na >Mg > 2+ − + 2+ 2+ − Ca :HCO3 >Cl , and Na >Mg >Ca :Cl >HCO 3 >SO2 facies, following the topographical and water 4 flow-path conditions. The genetic geochemical evolu− tion of groundwater (HCO 3 and Cl –HCO3 types under major group of HCO3 ) and the hydrogeochem− ical signatures (Na+/Cl−, >1 and HCO 3 /Cl ,
