Combined solar heat and power with microgrid storage and layered smartgrid control towards supplying off-grid rural villages. Mr Gerro Prinsloo. September ...
Prinsloo, G.J., Dobson, R.T. 2015. Combined solar heat and power with microgrid storage and layered smartgrid control towards supplying off-grid rural villages. Energy Science & Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 2. p 135–144. DOI: 10.1002/ese3.57.
Combined solar heat and power with
microgrid storage and layered smartgrid control towards supplying off-grid rural villages Mr Gerro Prinsloo September 2014
G. J. Prinsloo, R.T. Dobson Fakulteit Ingenieurswese Faculty of Engineering
2
Need !
3
Can the Microgrid make a difference ?
4
Stellenbosch University iShack Project iShack: More than just shelter • The iShack Project uses solar electricity to show how slums can be incrementally upgraded in a sustainable and socially just way. • The “i” stands for “improved”, and it entails cost-effective and sustainable modifications to the basic corrugated iron shack common in developing countries.
5
micro-Combined Heat and Power (mCHP)
6
Definitions • This project relates to a relatively small standalone micro Combined Heat and Power (mCHP) system: • By small we mean 3kWe (12kWt) peak electrical power; • By standalone we mean it is entirely self-contained and is thus not intended to be connected to the grid (“off-grid”); • By hybrid is meant the system is not only capable of producing power during sunshine but also at night time; • By solar Stirling dish we mean a two-axis solar tracking parabolic-dish shaped reflecting concentrator that focusing the sun’s rays onto the hot side of a hermetically sealed free piston Stirling engine and electrical generator unit; • The word free-piston refers to a Stirling engine that does not have an internal mechanical linkage system (silent running !) • Aim to be assembled by and to serve small rural family
7
Product Design Requirement • Solar micro Combined Heat and Power system will be centrally manufactured and packaged in so-called “knock down” form, i.e. packaged into a number of smaller more easily handled boxes prior to leaving the factory. • On delivery to the final operating site that it must be easily assembled by the user. • The main components of the system, following sub-systems: • Parabolic (that is dish-shaped) solar reflecting concentrator. • Motorised two-axis (that is can move in both a horizontal and vertical plane) solar tracking system. • Drive and electronic control system for the tracking system. • Dish and Stirling power unit supports and electrical generator. • Baseplate and foundation. • Power and energy storage system. • Smartgrid control and user distribution interface.
8
Comment: Emphasis on Rural Africa Focus on “Africa” emphasize the technical proficiency of “user” (assembler of CSP kit, client) together with social circumstances and region’s environmental conditions. Technical design sensitive to call as “solution for society” part of commercialization, hence concepts on user circumstances linked with technical aspects of design.
9
mCHP System SYSTEM COMPONENTS
10
Micro-CHP power generation system
11
Solar Stirling Dish Power Generation system
Mechatronic platform for a CSP power generation kit suitable for off-grid rural solar power generation.
12
Proposed Concentrated Solar Power System
Figure 1 Schematic representation of the solar mCHP energy generation and storage system
13
mCHP System Mobility MECHATRONIC PLATFORM
14
Proposed : Embedded Dish Concept
Truncated differential ring sections collapsed and embedded onto the directrix plane of the main parabolic curve
15
Dynamic Mechatronic Platform
Design includes conceptual phase of the optical/structural aspects of solar concentrator dish development, since the parabolic dish serves as load on mechatronic platform.
16
Prototype Implementation and Installation
17
mCHP System Control DIGITAL ELECTRONIC CONTROL INTEGRATION
18
Solar Position Algorithm (SPA) Tracking SIMATIC S7-1200
19
PWM DC Motor Driver and Signaling
20
Solar Tracking Control Concept
21
Web Camera Based Solar Tracking
22
Optical Test Instrumentation
23
Optical Test Instrumentation Datalogger
24
Comment: Summary of Results
25
mCHP microgrid SMARTGRID SOLUTIONS
26
Microgrid Balancing
27
Smart Microgrid Control Concept
28
Siemens Smartgrid Control Module
29
mCHP Storage HEAT STORAGE SOLUTIONS
30
micro-CHP Power Budget Analysis
31
Micro-CHP Heat Flows
Kenneth Guy Allen, Performance characteristics of packed bed thermal energy storage for solar thermal power plants
32
Comparison: Storage Technology
33
Energy Storage Medium: Vegetable Oil
• • •
• •
Micro-CHP thermal heat storage, materials available as thermal storage medium Sharma et.al. [19]. Vegetable oil as thermal storage medium. Vegetable oils temperature range useful for thermal heat storage in their natural form Incremental improvement allows for increase in heat release characteristics (phase change, heat carrier) Practical and resource perspective, readily available medium in rural areas (i.e. sunflower, rapeseed, soybean, olives) Used vegetable and cooking oils may further hold potential to be used as heat storage medium or as rescue supply in emergency situations
34
Energy Storage Medium: Vegetable Oil
35
USER NEEDS & COMMERCIALISATION
36
Comment : Social Requirements
37
Thank You !
• Persons in attendance at this session. • QUESTIONS ?
