Comparative Study of Research Output of the University of Kashmir ...

21 Comparative Study of Research Output of the University of Kashmir and the University of Jammu: A Decadal Analysis Ramesh Pandita Assistant Librarian BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu & Kashmir [email protected] Shivendra Singh Assistant Librarian UCN, BFUHS, Farikdot, Punjab [email protected] Ramesha Professor DLISc, Banglore University, Jnana Bharti, Banglore [email protected] & Sudesh Kumar Tripathi Professional Assistant University of Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir [email protected] Abstract: In the present study attempt has been made to evaluate the comparative research output of University of Jammu and University of Kashmir during the period 2004-2013. University of Jammu and University of Kashmir apart from being two sister universities for being carved out of single institution are also the two premier institutions of higher learning in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, India. The key areas studied on comparative basis include, research output, author's analysis, citation analysis, subject analysis etc. and many more similar aspects. The study is purely based on analysis of secondary data retrieved from one of the leading indexing service provider, web of knowledge. The data for the present study was retrieved from the official website of the web of knowledge duly owned and maintained by Thomson and Reuters on January 13, 2014 for the period 2004-2013. Keywords: Research Output, University of Kashmir, University of Jammu, Citation Analysis

1. Introduction Human endeavour to explore the vistas of knowledge beyond horizon has there been since ages and had this quest not been there, life would have literally ceased to grow. The quest towards exploring hitherto unexplored areas of knowledge and pressing newly acquired knowledge in the service of humankind is towards which humans get more fascinated. Nations across globe in both academic and non-academic institutions are spending huge money on research and development activities. Public and private sector organizations and industries are equally involved with research and developmental activities at their own level. Given this fact, the research output of all institutions involved with constant and continuous research activities has not only become the parameter to assess their presence and performance but of the nations as well.

60th ILA International Conference on Embedded Librarianship and Technological Challenges of the Digital Age | 2015

22 India is a developing nation, having a federal structure of governance with over 1.2 billion [1] people and to cater the teaching and other research requirements of this huge population, a network of more than 600 universities & research institutions stand established across 35 states and union territories of the country [2]. Keeping in view the growing and greater demand for institutions of higher learning, Govt., of India has already set a mission of establishing more universities to achieve the objective to increase the gross enrolment ratio by at least 15% by 2015 [3] as recommended by the National Knowledge Commission (NKC). This also somewhere reflects the fact that the existing universities in India are working under greater pressure & beyond their actual delivering capacity. It is pertinent to mention that the Indian higher education system has shown considerable growth over a period of time and this gets corroborated by the fact that India is one of the preferred destinations of educational tourism, as people all across the globe prefer to join Indian universities for research and higher studies. Academic and research activities undertaken by Indian university are second to none and this is evident from the placement records of products from institutions like IIM’s & IIT’s. Brain drain is equally an area of concern for India, as most of the technical and professional graduates get easily adjusted in any developed country with best pay packages. In the present study comparison has been drawn between the University of Kashmir and University of Jammu on the research output both the institutions have made during the past decade viz. during the period 2004-2013. Apart from University of Kashmir and University of Jammu, the state is an abode of 07 more Universities and one National Institute of technology, but for being too young to be evaluated with the former two establishments have as such been excluded from the present study. To undertake the present study data was retrieved from the Web of Knowledge on January 13, 2014. 2. Jammu and Kashmir --- Kashmir & Jammu Universities: A Brief Profile Before independence Jammu & Kashmir like other princely states entered into an accession agreement with the Union of India on October 26, 1947 [4]. The state of Jammu & Kashmir is located on the northern part of the union of India, having an area of 101,387 kms and as per 2011 population census of Govt., of India, the state has a population of 12.54 million people with a 68.70 % literacy rate. Jammu & Kashmir is one of the least densely populated states having 124 persons per sq km [5]. The state shares international border with countries like, China, Tibet, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Mountain ranges like the Himalayas and Pir Panjal has contributed towards the unique geographical diversity of the state for having Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Regions which altogether have different culture, language, and temperate zone. Establishment of Jammu & Kashmir University on the west banks of world famous Dal Lake of Srinagar, Kashmir in the year 1948 is a giant leap towards the promotion and propagation of higher education in the history of the state. To begin with university stated functioning with three post graduate departments’ viz. English at Srinagar campus and, Economics & Geology in Jammu campus. This was the humble beginning of higher education in Jammu & Kashmir and in the course to reform higher education in 1965 [6] university was reorganized owing to the geographical diversity of the region, the 60th ILA International Conference on Embedded Librarianship and Technological Challenges of the Digital Age | 2015

23 institution could not serve the aspirations of the state populace from a single campus with the result south campus in Jammu region was declared as an independent university known and University of Jammu and north campus came to be known as University of Kashmir. Since then, the two independent full-fledged premier educational institutions of higher learning in Jammu & Kashmir are actively involved with teaching and research activities. 3. Objectives of the Study To assess the research trend of Kashmir and Jammu University by undertaking research output analysis of both the institutions during the period 2004-2013 To understand the research trend and the subject areas of the institutions which are majoring in research output among both University of Kashmir and University of Jammu. To analyse the citations received by publications of the both the institutions during the period of study. 4. Review of Literature Analysing the research output of the institutions of higher learning, especially of those which enjoy repute, both at the national and international level had always been the supreme fantasy of researchers specializing is Bibliometrics or Scientometrics. Since the present study confines to two state universities of Jammu & Kashmir, as such, it becomes imperative to study some relevant work done in the areas. Some of the key studies conducted in the area have been reviewed hereunder. Moed et al. (1985) [7] in their study talked about the need and importance of undertaking bibiliometric studies in setting objectives and framing policies for research institutions and at the same time act as monitoring devices about the research output. In another study Moed (2009) [8] discussed about the increased research activities undertaken in the field of science and technology for the fact that these have actually become the index to evaluate the social, political and economic health of the counties. Moed’s observation in both the studies is society centric and rightly so, for the fact that what so ever kind of research we undertake in society, be it in the fields of science and technology or in the field of social sciences, the ultimate aim of every research is well being and betterment of society which comes through sustainable growth and development. Shuttleworth (2008) [9] described pure and social science as hard and soft sciences and the research as an activity irrespective of the science it has been undertaken acts as its cornerstone. No science can afford to be lenient on the research front and there is every reason that we should add to the existing lot of knowledge which is not possible in the absence of research. Millwater and Hudson (2008) [10] in their study reflected the need and importance of research in the overall growth and development of a nation and its citizens and how actual knowledge plays its part in all round development. The researchers are of 60th ILA International Conference on Embedded Librarianship and Technological Challenges of the Digital Age | 2015

24 the view that nations which more or less are knowledge societies are more dependent on the research activities as it is only the new knowledge which they can add to the existing knowledge through research activities. The researchers believe that the greater role which society has to play through its sub institutions is in the dissemination and exploitation of the new knowledge so that the end user may get benefited of whom this research is ultimately aimed to. Siemens and Matheos (2010) [11] in their study have highlighted the role of institutions of higher learning in general and universities in particular towards producing the skilled and trained workforce to shoulder the social responsibility. The researchers are of the view that the research activities of the universities account for the national research output and research activities undertaken in the area of science and technology has become the foremost area to be worked upon. Yamamoto (2001) [12] in his study argued that scientific research is the key function of Universities, which apart from playing a part in refining the existing lot of knowledge by producing new knowledge through research activities do contribute to society through innovations which boost economic activities in countries by targeting industrial development. Koganuramath et al. (2002) [13] undertook a bibliometric study on the research output of Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) by analysing 663 publications published by scholars affiliated to TISS during the period 1990-2000 with main focus on the growth of research output and the sources they prefer to publish their research results. Kumbar (2008) [14] analysed 1518 publications of University of Mysore published during the period 19962006 and observed that there is an annual increase of 23% of the publications output, the areas studied by the researcher included, collaborative research undertaken by the institution, authorship pattern, citation analysis etc. Accordingly Singh et al. (2005) [15] evaluated 901 publications of Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee for the period 19932001 by harvesting data from the science citation index and observed that mathematics, Biology and Clinical Medicine are the three leading areas of the institute actively engaged in research activity. Vasishta (2011) [16] analysed 177 research publications of PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh for the period 1996-2009 by harvesting data from Scopus database and observed steady growth in the publications of the institution during the period of study. Gupta, Kshitij & Verma (2010) [17] studied about some leading subject areas in the field of sciences actively engaged in research activity, the researchers observed that subject like Chemistry, Physics & Engineering are the dominant ones, while as agriculture, life sciences, clinical medicine, biomedical sciences, earth & environmental science are active in research activity but slightly to a lesser degree in the preceding science subjects. Mathematics and computer science have been rated at the lower end. Gupta and Dhawan (2006) [18] while analysing the scientific research output of India from web of science for the period 19902005 observed that over a period of time India has shown steady growth in the research output recording growth of 28603 publications in 2005 from 14405 publications during the year 1990, which in terms of percentage recorded 98.56% growth. Nadim, Sumaira and Iram (2014) [19] gathered the data from SCOPUS and evaluated 1237 research 60th ILA International Conference on Embedded Librarianship and Technological Challenges of the Digital Age | 2015

25 publications of Jammu University, published during the period 1972-2011 by selected science departments of the University 5. Source and Methodology To undertake the present study data was retrieved from one of the world’s largest indexing services, web of knowledge on January 13, 2014. Given the objectives of the study publications of the researchers affiliated to the University of Kashmir and University of Jammu were mined from the indexing service by using key word search terms for both the institutions. As per the data harvested, during the period of investigation 917 publications were published by the research scholars affiliated with the University of Jammu in as many 41 subject areas and 639 publications by research scholars affiliated to University of Kashmir in as many 51 subject areas. The main areas of analysis include year’s wise publication, distribution, subject areas, top cited publications, citation analysis and top contributors from both the Universities. 6. Scope of the Study The present study is purely confined to the University of Kashmir and University of Jammu as these are the two premier institutions of higher learning in Jammu and Kashmir, India. In order to study and understand the research trend and output in other universities of Jammu and Kashmir or as whole of Jammu & Kashmir the study can be extended to other state universities who still don’t have that rich past to cherish on. 7. Discussion and Analysis Although the data retrieved from the web of knowledge was very much structured, however, in a few places some structuration was required as such was undertaken. To analyse the data some basic statistical tools and techniques were employed. To work out simple arithmetic’s like, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc MS excel was employed. Percentage at most of the places has been drawn up to three decimal places. Table-1 Total Publications No of publications (Share %age) University of Jammu 917 (58.93) University of Kashmir 639 (41.07) Total 1556 Name of the institution

As per the data retrieved, together University of Jammu and University of Kashmir for the period 2004-2013 have 1556 publications to their credit with University of Jammu having share percentage of 58.93% and University of Kashmir 41.07%.


26 Table-2: Yearly Publication Distribution

Yea r 200 4 200 5 200 6 200 7 200 8 200 9 201 0 201 1 201 2 201 3

University of Jammu Corrs Cumulati No of p. ve Publicatio Growt Growth ns (%) h (%) %age 74 (8.07) 74 (8.07) 76 (8.288) 92 (10.033) 94 (10.251) 74 (8.070) 85 (9.269) 82 (8.942) 97 (10.578) 130 (14.177) 113 (12.323) 917 (58.93)

2.70 21.05 2.17 -21.27 14.86 -3.52 18.29 34.02 -13.07 55.23 5.52

150 (16.35) 242 (26.39) 336 (36.64) 410 (44.71) 495 (53.98) 577 (62.92) 674 (73.50) 804 (87.67) 917 (100)

University of Kashmir Corrs Cumulati No of p. ve Publicatio Growt Growth ns (%) h (%) %age 21 (3.28) 21 (3.286) 23 (3.599) 29 (4.538) 39 (6.103) 59 (9.233) 68 (10.642) 55 (8.607) 87 (13.615) 116 (18.153) 142 (22.222) 639 (41.07)

Total Publicatio ns (%)

Corrs p. Growt h %age

Cumulati ve Growth (%)

95 (6.10)

-

95 (6.10) 194 (12.46) 315 (20.24) 448 (28.79) 581 (37.33) 734 (47.17) 871 (55.97) 1055 (67.80) 1301 (83.61) 1556 (100)

9.52

44 (6.88)

99 (6.36)

4.21

26.08

73 (11.42) 112 (17.52) 171 (26.76) 239 (37.40) 294 (46.00) 381 (59.62) 497 (77.77) 639 (100)

121 (7.77)

22.22

133 (8.54)

9.91

133 (8.54)

0

153 (9.83)

15.03

137 (8.80)

-10.45

184 (11.82) 246 (15.80) 255 (16.38) 1556

34.30

34.48 51.28 15.25 -19.11 58.18 33.33 22.41 231.4 2 23.14

33.69 3.65 112.5 6 11.25

Except for the year 2013, University of Jammu has outnumbered the University of Kashmir at the publication’s front in each year. Negative growth of publications was observed among both institutions, compared to University of Jammu which registered negative growth of -21.27%, -3.52% & -13.07% in publications during the year 2008, 2010 and 2013 respectively, University of Kashmir registered negative growth of -19.11% during the year 2010 only. University of Jammu recorded maximum 34.02% growth in publications during the year 2012, while as University of Kashmir recoded maximum 58.18% growth during the 2011. Maximum 130 publications constituting 14.177% were published by scholars affiliated to university of Jammu during the year 2012 while as maximum 142 publications constituting 22.222% were published by scholars of University of Kashmir during the year 2013. Publications of University of Jammu grew at 5.52% annually, while as publications of University of Kashmir grew at an average of 23.14% annually, and together the average annual growth of publications of both the institutions was remained at 11.25%.


27 Table-3 Document Type University of Jammu No of Document publications Type (% of 917) Article Review Proceedings paper Meeting abstract Letters Biographical item Book review Correction Editorial material

University of Kashmir No of Document publications (% Type of 639)

870 (94.875) Article 27 (2.944) Review Editorial 15 (1.636) material Meeting 9 (0.981) abstract 3 (0.327) Letters Proceedings 2 (0.218) paper 2 (0.218) Book review 2 (0.218) Correction 2 (0.218) 917

569 (88.732) 29 (4.538)

Total Document Type

No of Publications (%1556) 1439 (92.48) 56 (3.59) 22 (1.41)

12 (1.878)

Article Review Proceedings paper

12 (1.878) 10 (1.565)

Meeting abstract Editorial material

7 (1.095) 6 (0.939) 3 (0.469)

Letters Book review Correction Biographical item

21 (1.34) 14 (0.89) 13 (0.83) 8 (0.51) 5 (0.32) 2 (0.12)

623

On the nature of publication distribution, compared to 870 research articles published by the scholars affiliated to the University of Jammu only 569 were published by scholars from the University of Kashmir, accordingly the other publications from scholars of both the universities in the standing order of the universities is 27 & 29 Reviews, 15 & 7 Proceeding Papers, 9 & 12 Meeting Abstract, 3 & 10 Letters, 2 & 6 Book Review, and 2& 3 Corrections respectively. Apart from these, University of Jammu has also two biographical items to its credit. Given the nature of publications from both the universities, 92.48% are research articles of which 60.45% publications were contributed by scholars of the University of Jammu and 39.55% by scholars of University of Kashmir. Accordingly, of the total 3.59% Reviews 48.21% are from the University of Jammu and 51.79% from the University of Kashmir, of the total 1.41% proceeding papers 68.18% are from the University of Jammu and 31.82% from the University of Kashmir. Among Meeting Abstracts (1.34%), editorial Material (0.89%), letters (0.83%), Book Reviews (0.51%),and Corrections (0.32%) University of Kashmir shares better percentage over University of Jammu, while as Biographical Items constituting 0.12% of total publications is alone credited to University of Jammu. Table-4: Subject wise detail of publications S.No

01 02 03

University of Jammu No of Research Area publications (% of 917) Physics 287 (31.298) Chemistry 250 (27.263) Crystallography

91 (9.924)

University of Kashmir Research Area Chemistry Physics Pharmacology, pharmacy

No of publications (% of 639) 114 (17.84) 72 (11.268) 69 (10.798)


28 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Materials science Science, technology other topics Geology

61 (6.652)

Mathematics

49 (7.668)

52 (5.671) 45 (4.907)

44 (6.886) 38 (5.947)

Spectroscopy Mathematics

43 (4.689) 31 (3.381)

Plant sciences Engineering Environmental sciences, ecology

31 (3.381) 23 (2.508)

Palaeontology Biotechnology applied microbiology Pharmacology, pharmacy Astronomy, astrophysics Biochemistry molecular biology

17 (1.854)

Engineering Plant sciences Environmental sciences, ecology Oncology Biochemistry molecular biology Geology Science, technology other topics Food science technology

16 (1.745)

Agriculture

18 (2.817)

16 (1.745)

18(2.817)

Genetics heredity Life sciences biomedicine other topics

13 (1.418)

Parasitology Astronomy, astrophysics Biotechnology applied microbiology Life sciences biomedicine other topics

16 (2.504)

Microbiology Agriculture Instruments instrumentation Geochemistry geophysics Metallurgy metallurgical engineering Nuclear science technology Anthropology Business economics Electrochemistry Remote sensing

10 (1.091) 9 (0.981)

Computer science Integrative complementary medicine Materials science

7 (0.763)

Veterinary sciences

14 (2.191)

6 (0.654)

Genetics heredity

13 (2.034)

6 (0.654)

Zoology

12 (1.878)

5 (0.545) 4 (0.436) 4 (0.436) 4 (0.436) 4 (0.436) 4 (0.436)

Cell biology Microbiology Fisheries Toxicology Emergency medicine Neurosciences neurology Telecommunications

11 (1.721) 11 (1.721) 10 (1.565) 10 (1.565) 8 (1.252) 8 (1.252)

Women s studies Computer science

18 (1.963)

13 (1.418) 13 (1.418)

10 (1.091)

3 (0.327)

35 (5.477) 27 (4.225) 26 (4.069) 23 (3.599) 23 (3.599) 19 (2.973)

17 (2.66) 17 (2.66) 17 (2.66)

14 (2.191) 14 (2.191)

8 (1.252)


29 31 32

Physical geography Polymer Science

3 (0.327) 3 (0.327) 3 (0.327)

33 Telecommunications 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

3 (0.327) Water resources Biophysics Food science technology Imaging science photographic technology Information science, library science Meteorology atmospheric sciences Mineralogy Psychology

2 (0.218) 2 (0.218)

Water resources Geochemistry geophysics Public environmental occupational health Biodiversity conservation Endocrinology metabolism Immunology

2 (0.218)

8 (1.252) 7 (1.095) 7 (1.095) 6 (0.939) 6 (0.939) 6 (0.939) 6 (0.939)

Nutrition dietetics 2 (0.218)

6 (0.939) Religion

2 (0.218) 2 (0.218) 2 (0.218)

Arts, humanities other topics Electrochemistry History philosophy of science Marine freshwater biology Physiology Crystallography Research experimental medicine General internal medicine Metallurgy metallurgical engineering Mycology Orthopedics Pathology Remote sensing Surgery Asian studies Forestry Infectious diseases Information science, library science Medical laboratory technology Polymer Science Psychiatry

5 (0.782) 5 (0.782) 5 (0.782) 5 (0.782) 5 (0.782) 4 (0.626) 4 (0.626) 3 (0.469) 3 (0.469) 3 (0.469) 3 (0.469) 3 (0.469) 3 (0.469) 3 (0.469) 2 (0.313) 2 (0.313) 2 (0.313) 2 (0.313) 2 (0.313) 2 (0.313) 2 (0.313)


30 While accounting the subject areas covered, University of Kashmir outnumbered University of Jammu by contributing publications in as many as 59 major subject areas while as University of Jammu contributed in 41 subject categories. From the University of Jammu, a maximum 278 publications constituting 31.298% share percentage of total publications are in the field of Physics, followed by 250 publications constituting 27.263% share percentage in the field of chemistry and 91 publications constituting 9.924% share percentage in the field of crystallography. Of the remaining, 15 subject areas have individual share percentage between 1 to 7 percent and 22 less than 1%. Accordingly from the University of Kashmir, a maximum 114 publications constituting 17.84% share percentage are in the field of Chemistry, followed by 72 publications constituting 11.268% share percentage in the field of Physics and 69 publications constituting 10.798% share percentage in the field of Pharmacology Pharmacy. Of the remaining, 30 subject areas have individual share percentage between 1 to 8 percent and 26 less than 1% Table-5: Author analysis (Top Twenty) S.No

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

University of Jammu No of Author Name publications (% of 917) 198 Mohanty B (21.592) 196 Ahammed Z (21.374) 196 Raniwala S (21.374) 195 Raniwala R (21.265) 193 Nandi B.K (21.047) 193 Nayak T.K (21.047) 190 Aggarwal M.M (20.720) 190 Mahapatra D.P (20.720) 190 Sumbera M (20.720) 188 Bellwied R (20.502) 188 Chattopadhyay S (20.502) 187 Smirnov N (20.393) 187 Viyogi Y.P (20.393) 185 Caines H (20.174)

Ranking 1 2 2 4 5 5 7 7 7 10 10 12 12 14

University of Kashmir No of Author Name publications Ranking (% of 639) 1 Shah N.A 50 (7.825) 2 Dar A.A 40 (6.260) 3 Ahmad F 35 (5.477) 4 Sheikh J.A 26 (4.069) 5 Ganai B.A 25 (3.912) 25 (3.912) 5 Iqbal S.Z 25 (3.912) 5 Rather G.M 25 (3.912) 5 Zargar M.A 9 Masood A 24 (3.756) 9 Qurishi M.A 24 (3.756) 11 Malik M.A 21 (3.286) 11 Shawl A.S 21 (3.286) 13 Reshi Z.A 20 (3.130) 14 Chishti M.Z 18 (2.817)


31 15 Harris J.W 16 Kisiel A 17 Lisa M.A 18 Pluta J 19 20

Putschke J Scharenberg R.P Total authors 2388

185 (20.174) 185 (20.174) 185 (20.174) 185 (20.174) 185 (20.174) 185 (20.174)

14

15 Akbar S

17 (2.660)

Bhat M.A

17 (2.660)

14

15

14

15 Rashid L

17 (2.660)

Shah M.A

17 (2.660)

Dar G.H

16 (2.504)

Khuroo A.A Total authors 421

16 (2.504)

14 14 14

15 19 19

Above tabulation is the reflection of the individual author contribution from both the institutions under study, while as the listing of names in the above has been confined to top twenty authors only. In all 2809 authors are involved with the publication of as many 1556 articles, of which 2388 are either from the University of Jammu or have contributed as a collaborative author with scholars from the University of Jammu and only 421 authors are either from the University of Kashmir or have contributed with the scholars of University of Kashmir on collaborative basis.

Figure 1

In terms of authorship distribution, University of Jammu has a share of 85.01%, while as, the University of Kashmir has 14.99%. The above authorship distribution is also the reflection of collaborative research work undertaken by scholars of both the Universities. The greater the number of authors involved with the research work done, greater are the chance of their research being carried out on a collaborative basis. From University of Jammu, Mohanty, B has 198 publications to his credit during the period of study constituting alone 21.592% share percentage, followed by Ahmmed, Z and Rajniwala, S having 196 publications each with share percentage of 21.374% each and Raniwala, R having 195 publications with share percentage of 21.265% while as the rest of 60th ILA International Conference on Embedded Librarianship and Technological Challenges of the Digital Age | 2015

32 the top sixteen authors have share contribution between 20.174% to 21.047%. Accordingly from University of Kashmir, Shah, N.A has 50 publications to his credit, constituting 7.825% share percentage, followed by Dar, A.A with 40 publications, constituting 6.260% share percentage and Ahmed, F with 38 publications constituting share percentage of 5.477%, while as the rest of the 17 top authors have publication share percentage between 2.504% to 4.069% Table-6 Citation analysis

University of Kashmir Year

No. of Citations (%)

Cumulative Growth (%)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

0 (0) 12 (0.64) 18 (0.96) 56 (2.99) 102 (5.46)

0 (0) 12 (0.64) 30 (1.60) 86 (4.60) 188 (10.06)

2009

174 (9.31)

362 (19.38)

2010

214 (11.46)

576 (30.85)

2011

306 (16.38)

882 (47.24)

2012

441 (23.62)

1323 (70.86)

2013

544 (29.13)

1867 (100)

Total

1867 (186.70)*

University of Jammu No. of Cumulative Citation Growth (%) (%) 82 (0.63) 82 (0.63) 347 (2.70) 429 (3.33) 722 (5.61) 1151 (8.95) 970 (7.54) 2121 (16.50) 1026 (7.98) 3147 (24.48) 1451 4598 (35.77) (11.29) 1292 5890 (45.83) (10.05) 2381 8271 (64.36) (18.52) 2270 10541 (17.66) (82.02) 2310 12851 (100) (17.97) 12851 (1285.10)*

Total Total Cumulative Citations Growth (%) (%) 82 (0.55) 82 (0.55) 359 (2.43) 441 (2.99) 740 (5.02) 1181 (8.02) 1026 (6.97) 2207 (14.99) 1128 (7.66) 3335 (22.65) 1625 4960 (33.70) (11.04) 1506 6466 (43.93) (10.23) 2687 9153 (62.18) (18.25) 2711 11864 (80.60) (18.41) 2854 14718 (100) (19.39) 14718 (817.66)

*-Average citations per year Citation analysis has become one of the important and foremost aspects of research evaluation, even it won’t be inappropriate to say that citation analysis has more or less become one of the parameters to judge the quality of research. More a publication receives citations more it is deemed as quality work. In terms of citations received, University of Jammu is far ahead of University of Kashmir. During the period of study total citations received by publications from both the institutions are 14718 out of which University of Jammu received 87.31%, while as, the University of Kashmir received meagre 12.69%. In terms of average citations received per annum, University of Jammu received as many 1285.10, while as University of Kashmir received 186.70. Compared to University of Jammu which recorded negative growth in citations during the year 2010 and 2012, University of Kashmir recorded positive growth during each year of the analysis. Compared to University of Jammu which received maximum 2381citation during the year 2010, University of Kashmir received maximum 544 citations during the year 2013, with the share percentage of 18.52% and 29.13% respectively.


33

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Adams, J; Aggarwal, MM; Ahammed, Z; et al. (2005). Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark-gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration's critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions, NUCLEAR PHYSICS A Adams, J; Adler, C; Aggarwal, MM; et al. (2004). Particle-type dependence of azimuthal anisotropy and nuclear modification of particle production in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Adams, J; Aggarwal, MM; Ahammed, Z; et al. (2005). Azimuthal anisotropy in Au plus Au collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW Adams, J; Adler, C; Aggarwal, MM; et al (2005). Distributions of charged hadrons associated with high transverse momentum particles in pp and Au plus Au collisions at root(S)(NN)=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Aamodt, K.; Quintana, A. Abrahantes; Achenbach, R.; et al. (2008). The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION Adams, J; Adler, C; Aggarwal, MM; et al. (2004). Identified particle distributions in pp and Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

2005

Title

2004

Table-7: Top ten cited articles of Jammu University Total & (Avg)

-

9

127

192

145

195

160

204

178

132

1342 (149.11)

24

75

71

49

34

32

21

32

20

16

374 (37.40)

-

3

42

53

49

44

28

47

35

34

335 (37.22)

-

1

27

62

43

57

37

51

23

23

324 (36.00)

-

-

-

-

1

20

33

86

90

85

315 (52.50)

10

41

57

31

29

24

15

21

23

11

262 (26.20)


34 Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; et al.(2007). Transverse momentum and centrality dependence of Highp(T) nonphotonic electron suppression in Au plus Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; et al. (2009). Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in pp, d plus Au, and Au plus Au collisions at the STAR detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW C Adams, J; Adler, C; Aggarwal, MM; et al. (2004). Cross sections and transverse singlespin asymmetries in forward neutral-pion production from proton collisions at root s=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS Aamodt, K.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Adamova, D.; et al. (2011). Suppression of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in central Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV.PHYSICS LETTERS Total Average

-

-

-

7

39

69

27

40

37

23

242 (34.57)

-

-

-

-

-

18

41

54

63

47

223 (44.60)

9

42

32

36

24

17

12

29

8

10

219 (21.90)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

63

80

66

209 (69.66)

43

171

356

430

364

476

374

627

557

447

3845

On the pattern of analysing top 20 authors from both the University of Jammu and the University of Kashmir, it was conceived to analyse the top ten publications of both the Institutions on the basis of citations received by top ten articles during each year of the analysis. From the University of Jammu, as tabulated the article at first place during the period of study has received as many 1342 citations with an average of 149.11 citations each year. This is followed by 374 citations with an average of 37.40 citations each year by article in second place and the article at third spot received 335 citations with an average 37.22 citations each year. In all the top ten articles from the university received as many 3845 citations with an average 384.50 citations to each article with an average of 38.45 citations per year. Maximum 627 citations were received during the year 2010, constituting alone 16.30% of the total citations.


35

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Dar, Aijaz Ahmad; Rather, Ghulam Mohammad; Das, Akhil Ranjan. (2007). Mixed micelle formation and solubilization behavior toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of binary and ternary cationic-nonionic surfactant mixtures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Kabir-ud-Din; Fatma, Waseefa; Khan, Ziya Ahmad; et al. (2007). H-1 NMR and viscometric studies on cationic gemini surfactants in presence of aromatic acids and salts. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Bhat, BA; Puri, SC; Qurishi, MA; et al. (2005). Synthesis of 3,5-diphenyl-1Hpyrazoles.SYNTHETIC de Moraes, Emanuela; Dar, Nazir Ahmad; de Moura Gallo, Claudia Vitoria; et al. (2007). Cross-talks between cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor suppressor protein p53: Balancing life and death during inflammatory stress and carcinogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER Khuroo, Anzar Ahmad; Rashid, Irfan; Reshi, Zafar; et al. (2007). The alien flora of Kashmir Himalaya. BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS Murtaza, Imtiyaz; Mushtaq, Dhuha; Margoob, Mushtaq A.; et al. (2006). A study on p53 gene alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their correlation to common dietary risk factors among population of the Kashmir valley. WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Farah, MA; Ateeq, B; Ali, MN; et al. (2004). Studies on lethal concentrations and toxicity stress of some xenobiotics on aquatic organisms. CHEMOSPHERE Nazir, Nighat; Koul, Surrinder; Qurishi, Mushtaq A.; et al.(2007). Immunomodulatory effect of bergenin and norbergenin against adjuvant-induced arthritis - A flow cytometric study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY Dar, AA; Chatterjee, B; Rather, GM; et al. (2006). Mixed micellization and interfacial properties of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide and tetraethyleneglycol mono-n-dodecyl ether in absence and presence of sodium propionate. JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE Kabir-ud-Din; Siddiqui, US; Kumar, S; et al. (2006). Micellization of monomeric and dimeric (gemini) surfactants in polar nonaqueouswater- mixed solvents. COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE

2005

Title

2004

Table-8 Top ten cited articles of Kashmir University Total & (Avg)

-

-

-

-

6

12

6

13

9

13

59 (9.83)

-

-

-

-

1

2

9

11

11

5

39 (6.50)

-

1

1

5

6

5

5

4

6

5

38 (4.22)

-

-

-

-

9

9

8

2

6

3

37 (6.16)

-

-

-

1

3

3

6

5

10

5

33 (4.71)

-

-

-

1

1

6

7

7

6

4

32 (4.57)

-

4

3

5

3

9

2

1

3

1

31 (3.44)

-

-

-

-

1

5

4

9

5

5

29 (4.83)

-

-

1

2

7

6

3

5

2

2

28 (3.50)

-

-

1

2

1

2

5

4

8

5

28 (3.50)

-

5

6

16

38

59

55

61

66

48

354


36 The top ten articles from the University of Kashmir during the period of study in all received 354 citations with an average 35.40 citations to each article with an average of 3.54 citations per year. The article placed in first place from the University of Kashmir received a total of 59 citations with an average of 9.83 citations per year. The number two article received 39 citations with an average of 6.50 citations per year and the article at third place received a total of 38 citations with an average of 4.22 citations each year. Maximum 66 citations were received by all the ten articles during the year 2012, constituting alone 18.64% share percentage of the total citations. 8. Conclusion Institution of higher learning in whatever part of the world cannot afford to be complacent on the research front, as the constraints of undertaking research in or outside lab which used to be there in the past are almost non-existent. Institutions even in the third world countries are receiving liberal funds to undertake research funded by various govt. and non govt. agencies at both national and international level. Collaborative research has become the order of the day as more and more researchers are coming together and joining hands to carry forward the common research interests. Research results have become more visible and so have increased their applicability and thereby fulfilling the basic purpose and aim for which research is generally undertaken. The University of Jammu almost outnumbered the University of Kashmir in most of the sphere of research activity which both the sister institutions have been undertaken during the period of investigation individually. Compared to social sciences, arts & humanities, pure sciences have been the dominant subjects of investigation among both the institutions and have recorded maximum research output. Compared to University of Jammu, University of Kashmir has undertaken research activities in more spheres, but in terms of the total research output, the University of Kashmir is far behind to University of Jammu. Given the research output of both the institutions there is a word of caution for University of Kashmir to boost its research activities preferably by paying more emphasis on the collaborative research. The Same holds true about the teaching and research departments of social sciences, arts and humanities departments of both the institutions, which are almost non-existent on the research front. References: 1. Govt. of India, ministry of home affairs. (n.d). Population Census of India 2011. Retrieved on December 07, 2013 from http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-provresults/prov_results_paper1_india.html 2. University grants Commission. (n.d). List of Universities in India. Retrieved on Dec 10, 2013 from http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/alluniversity.pdf 3. National knowledge commission, Govt of India (n.d). Focus areas. Retrieved on Dec 15, 2013 from http://knowledgecommission.gov.in/focus/higher.asp 60th ILA International Conference on Embedded Librarianship and Technological Challenges of the Digital Age | 2015

37 4. Instrument of Accession. (n.d). Instrument of accession executed by Maharaja Hari Singh on Ocober 26, 1947. Retriveved on Dec 15, 2013 from http://www.kashmirinformation.com/LegalDocs/KashmirAccession.html 5. Govt. of India, ministry of home affairs. (n.d). Population Census of India 2011. Retrieved on December 07, 203 from http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-provresults/prov_results_paper1_india.html 6. University of Kashmir. (n.d). About University of Kashmir. Retrieved on Dec 25, 2013 from http://kashmiruniversity.net/aboutuok.aspx 7. Moed, H.F.; Burger, W.J.M.; Frankfort, J.G. & Raan, A.F.J. Van. The use of bibliometric data for the measurement of university research performance. Research Policy, 1985, 14(3), 131-49 8. Moed, H. F. (2002). Measuring China’s research performance using the Science Citation Index. Scientometrics , 53(3), 281-296. doi 10.1023/A:1014812810602. 9. Shuttleworth, M. (2008). Definition of Research. From Experiment resources. 10. Li, B., Millwater, J., & Hudson, P. (2008). Building research capacity: changing role of universities and academics. 11. Siemens, G., & Matheos, K. (2010). Systemic changes in higher education. Technology & Social Media, 161 12. Yamamoto, S. (2001). Basic research and the role of universities in Japan: Workshop on basicresearch at Oslo, Norway, 29-30 October 2001. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/39/32/2674535.pdf 13. Koganuramath, M.M.; Angadi, M. & Kademani, B.S. Bibliometric dimension of innovation communication productivity of TATA Institute of Social Science. Malaysian J. Lib. Inf. Sci., 2002, 7(1), 69-76 14. Kumbar, M.; Gupta, B.M. & Dhawan, S.M. Growth and impact of research output of University of Mysore, 1996-2006: A case study. Annals Lib. Inf. Stud., 2008, 55,18595. 15. Singh, Y.; Gupta, B.M. & Kumar, S. Research contributions and impact of research of Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee , 1993 to 2001. Annals Lib. Inf. Stud., 2005, 52(1), 8-14, 16. Vasishta, Seema. Assessment of academic research 372 DESIDOC J. Lib. Inf. Technol., 2012, 32(4) output during 1996-2009: A case study of PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh. DESIDOC J. Lib. Inf. Technol., 2011, 31(2), 136-42. 17. Gupta, B.M., Kshitij, A., & Verma, C. (2011). Mapping of Indian computer science research output, 1999–2008. Scientometrics. 86, 261-283. 18. Gupta, B. M., & Dhawan, S. M. Measures of Progress of Science in India: An Analysis of the Publication Output in Science and Technology. New Delhi; Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India. 2006 (PSA/2006/4)
