Comparison in improving the quality of education in Indonesia (comparison of Indonesia and America) Education for sustainable development Azhari Bk 20150520168
[email protected] international program of governmental affairs and administrations 2564 words accounting Abstract The purpose of research to find out how education in Indonesia, and can improve the quality of education in Indonesia in sustainable development. Assessment is a qualitative research using secondary data approach to obtain information about education system of Indonesia and America. Much of the data is still discussed on systems and funds. Background of The Study Education is a very important thing and could not be separated from one's life both in family, society and nation. Every education should have a good education system and produce good quality as well. A student's learning achievement will certainly affect an education within the country. In addition, education is also the most strategic way to instill and implement sustainable development values. In sustainable development includes equality between three perspectives in life that is social, environmental, and economic aspects. In the social aspect, education is the most strategic way to instill and implement the values of sustainable development. According to Dra. Yanti Linarsih (Farisi et al., 2007) in her journal about interaction “Education aims to cultivate and develop the innate potentials in self-learners. The potentials are expected to grow and develop in accordance with the values that exist in society and nation. Therefore, education for humans is an absolute necessity that must be fulfilled throughout life. Without education, it is impossible for humans to live in line with aspirations to advance and prosper. Education in developing countries is still slow compared to developed countries, this is because developing countries have low income, relatively underdeveloped infrastructure, and poor human development. Indonesia is one of the countries with poor quality of education. Base on the data of World Education Ranking published by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as reported by The Guardian, mentioned that Indonesia is ranked 57th of 65 countries in the world. This indicates that the quality of education in Indonesia is still lagging behind other countries. Education in developed countries is relatively better than in developing countries. An example is the united states, based on news from kompasiana.com saying that "the United States, access to education in this country is equally. There are fifty states in the country and all these states have excellent quality education, no quality gaps. This composition makes the United States a very great education and the best of the world ''. In the pursuit of sustainable development, education in Indonesia should be improved, both in the education system, the quality of human resources as well as the cost of education. Problem formulation 1. Indonesia and the United States are a large country and have a dense population, but education in Indonesia is still lagging behind the united states, then how to improve the quality of education in Indonesia?
Purpose and Function of writing •
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Purpose This study discusses how to improve the quality of education in Indonesia in sustainable development, thereby creating human resources aware of sustainable development. Function To find out how the difference in education in Indonesia and America so as to improve the quality of education in Indonesia in sustainable development.
Research methodology • This research uses descriptive method by using qualitative approach. This research is chosen because research wants to solve the problem by describing or describing the state of the object or research at the present time base on the fact. Data Collection Technique This type has characteristics such as the actual setting, the researcher is the key instrument, the data is descriptive, emphasizes the process, the data analysis is inductive, and the meaning of each event is an essential in qualitative research. This study uses secondary data. Secondary data is data collected and obtained indirectly, containing bibliography data, documents and also literature that support this research, which is obtained through books, internet and journals relevant to the topic discussed. Discussion • Human development In improving education toward sustainable development there are important things to realize the quality of good education, the progress of a country is closely related to the progress of the education level in that country (Farisi et al., 2007), human development is the most important thing in creating a good education. According to Jeffrey D. Sachs on his book about sustainable development (Perdan, 2011) The concept of human development includes two related ideas. the first is the important fact that the abilities and health of an individual depend on a cumulative process, of good health and access to health care, living in a safe environment, education, building skills. The second important idea of human development is of the individual “life cycle.”
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Early Childhood Development
Focusing on early child development and seeking improvement in early childhood education can help children to develop the right physical, mental health, and social development necessary to grow into healthy adults. According to Jeffrey D. Sachs on his book about sustainable development (Perdan, 2011) Research over the past twenty years has shown the startlingly important effects of early childhood, especially during the first three years, when the brain develops in many dynamic and important ways. If those first three years are a period of excessive environmental stress (e.g., a household marked by violence, noise, and lack of security), repeated illnesses or undernutrition, or the lack of adequate cognitive stimulus and educational preparation, a young child will likely incur liabilities that may be impossible to overcome during school years or later. To build a basic foundation for children, the need for basic education for an early age or also called kindergarten. kindergarten in Indonesia is still relatively small, this is because the service kindergarten access and quality are not balanced. Based on data from UNICEF INDONESIA.(Unicef Indonesia, 2012) Approximately 62 percent of children aged 3 to 6 years have never participated in early childhood or pre-school education programs. In 2009, the proportion of urban children following some form of kindergarten program was twice the proportion of rural children. While some cities like Yogyakarta are able to provide early childhood services to 60 percent or more children aged 3-6 years. Indonesia has relatively few kindergarten facilities. This situation partially explains why parents tend to send their children to school early: approximately 72 percent of six-year-olds have enrolled in Grade 1 primary school. From these data concluded that the quality in human development in kindergarten in Indonesia is still not good, so it will slow the physical development, mental and social health in children. In the United States and in the state there are many places for early childhood education. According to (Gatenio-Gabel & Kamerman, 2007) In 1965, only eighteen states in the U.S. funded public kindergarten; by 1970, eighty percent of five year olds attended public kindergarten and, in 2000, all states funded some sort of kindergarten. So the quality of physical development, mental health and social in America is very good than Indonesia. •
Social mobility According to Jeffrey D Sachs on his book about The Age of Sustainable Development
(Perdan, 2011) Education is a path to a more productive life as a citizen and an income earner. If higher education is so expensive that only children from affluent families are able to pursue higher degrees, and if the returns to higher degrees are themselves high, then education becomes a bottleneck for the poor and a cause of widening inequalities. •
Cost of study in Indonesia and United state In essence, education in Indonesia and the United States have similarities, among
others, having public and private schools, elementary school, middle to college The cost of education is very important to create a good school and also the quality of good teaching, it aims to creating good moral and ethics in human beings, governments in every country should prioritize education costs. So the state not only focuses on the cost of road construction, railways and others. this is also cited by Jeffrey D. Sachs on his book about sustainable
development (Perdan, 2011) Countries achieve economic growth when they have the roads, ports, railways, fiber-optic systems, and power grids that give them the basis for developing industry and expanding the economy. Investments in all these types of infrastructure and industry are crucial. But the most important kind of investment that countries make is in their own people, especially investment in their children”. The cost of education is a matter of controversy in the country of Indonesia, many people of Indonesia assume that education fund Indonesia is still less for the community, especially children. Meanwhile, according to vice president of Indonesia Jussuf Kalla, education budget is the largest of the budget in other sectors. "The budget for education is a lot, more than 400 trillion Rp, while the public works budget (Ministry of Public Works and People's Housing) is only 100 trillion Rp," in the statement, it can be concluded that, if the education fund bigger than other sectors then the education of Indonesia should be good too (Aini). While education in the United States according to WASHINGTON DC, KOMPAS.com. The United States is listed as one of the most spending countries for education. The amount of
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education.embassyiofindonesia.com Students in the United States begin their education from the ladder Kindergarten (age 5 to 6 years) to finish secondary education in grade 12 (18 years of age. (Alhamuddin, 2017) There are 14,000 schools in the United States and each year the United States government allocates $ 500 trillion in education funds for primary and secondary school use. The sources of education finance, especially public and primary education, come primarily from the district and other local sources, most of which come from state taxes and state taxes. Nationally, of these two types of sources an average of 45% is reserved for schools. Moreover, the source of education finance comes from the federal government is increasing, especially for areas classified as poor.
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The quality of education Education budget can affect the quality of education, because the quality of good education requires good infrastructure also, ranging from teaching staff, as well as tools that support students enterprising in learning. In Indonesia based on news.idntimes.com (Folia, 2018) said that there are four factors that contrast the background of quantity with the quality of education in Indonesia. The first factor is the budget, as discussed on the previous page. The second factor is the quality of teaching staff at the primary and participation of the teacher. Participation is a popular term not only with politics but also for environmental issues and this perspective can be important to develop sustainable resources. (Purnomo, 2010) Secondary, upper and university levels. Prior to 2005, fewer than 40 percent of teachers had a bachelor's degree. In addition, few of them have basic knowledge of specific subjects and good art and teaching strategies, the conclusion of this factor is the inequality or incompatibility between the teacher and his profession, many subject teachers in Indonesia who have differences
between the profession and the field of teaching. The third factor, the existing incentive system does not make teachers and lecturers the spirit of improving the quality of their teaching. Moreover, it provides high quality research. One of the highlights is the promotion that occurs after the teaching staff meets the administrative requirements rather than the ability to teach and conduct research. The last factor is the poor management of government-owned educational institutions. Not infrequently certain officials hold excessive control in educational activities. Despite decentralization, it does not change the fact that educational institutions are part of bad bureaucracy. While in the United States a large union will certainly influence the quality and quantity good. In addition, the factors of students who diligently also support teachers to improve facilities in schools. In my opinion, the education system in Indonesia is still too much emphasis on theory. It's all based on theory. Indeed, in schools have been facilitated in the laboratory, but rarely used. Elementary students are taught material that far exceeds the ability of reason. Academically, this can be categorized well. However, while practicing, they are still confused in doing so. Unlike the Americans. Americans tend to have a high degree of curiosity and scientific attitudes. The education system is based on learning by doing.
Cultivation Strategy The value of sustainable development The planting of sustainable development values is the most important thing for the whole community, but the planting will be better if applied from primary education, or school, because In the context of education, awareness of the young generation or learners in responding to the issue of sustainable development is minimal (Kasus, Smk, & Batang, 2016). According to Nur Listiawati in her journal entitled The implementation of education for sustainable development by several agencies.(Listiawati, 2013) The cultivation of Sustainable Development values in Indonesia and in America is implemented in schools through several learning strategies, such as: 1. Integration into the subjects. 2. through local content lessons as its own maple (monolithic), some schools carry out local content of environmental education that focuses only on environmental perspective 3. activities of extracurricular activities / self-development programs 4. habituation (culture) which is the application of the vision of the school mission, including the implementation of school regulations. From the data it can be concluded that the planting of ESD values in Indonesia and America are both in the form of learning strategies. Uniquely in high school in Indonesia has a science majors and IPS (Social Sciences). This is a good thing to instill values sustainable development, for example IPS (Social Sciences) and ESD education can actually go hand in hand into an integrated concept, because basically the scope of ESD study has big slices with IPS (social Sciences) education. It's just that there needs to be socialization efforts and an assistance in a project to collaborate between IPS education with ESD in school (Segera, 2015). ESD not only trains students to deepen the various disciplines, but also builds its social competence, which is based on the ability of cooperation and negotiation. Social competence is regarded as one of the capabilities underlying globalization (Esd et al., 1987)
Conclusion In sustainable development includes equality between three perspectives in life that is social, environmental, and economic aspects. Education is a very important thing and could not be separated from one's life, besides education is the most strategic way in instilling and applying the values of sustainable development. Indonesian education in the direction of sustainable development should have good quality and teaching system, not only from the quality of teaching and good system, but also increase the distribution of schools, both kindergarten, elementary school to college. While in the United States the quality of teaching and education system is very good compared to Indonesia, of course, because the place for school in America is very much, the entire state of America has a good place of education, and the allocation of large funds is also the level of American success in improving the quality and quantity of education. The cultivation of sustainable development values between Indonesia and America has similarities in school subjects, through local content lessons as its own maple, carrying out local content of environmental education focusing only on environmental perspective, extracurricular activities as self-development programs. cultural practices that are the application of the school's mission vision, including the implementation of school rules.
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