Conicera accola sp. n.

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Holotype 8, RUSSIA, Sakhalin Is., environs of the Starodubskoe settlement ... Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 19.vii.1955; 18, same data except 2.vii.1956. (Eolovich) (ZIN).
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NEW SPECIES OF CONICER4 MEIGEN (DIPT., PHORIDAE) FROM THE FAR EAST, WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES AND A NEW SYNONYM BY M B MOSTOVSKI & R H I, DISNEY

More than thirty species of the gems Conieera Meigen are known worldu7ide, with nineteen species recorded from the Palaearctic Region so far (Disney, 1991a, b; Liu, 2000; Michailovskaya, 2000). As usual, the fauna of this genus from the vast territory of the Central and East Palaearctic covered by the former USSR is very poorly known. Some data are available only for Estonia (Colyer & Elberg, 1969) and Russian Far East (Michailovskaya, 2000). However, the present study of this genus from Russia and neighbouring countries has resulted in a surprisingly small number of new species, all from the Far East. Alongside the records made by previous authors, this may indicate that the centre of Conicera diversity lies in the most eastern Palaearctic, whereas the fauna of these flies is quite monotonous in the western Palaearctic, which is emphasised by a newly proposed synonymy. All flies that have been studied are mounted on slides as recommended elsewhere (Disney, 1983). The material studied are housed in the following collections: Zoological Institute, St Petersburg - ZIN; Zoological Museum of Moscow University - ZMUM; University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge -UMZC; Zoologische Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn - ZFMK; senior author's collection - MBM.

Conicera accola sp. n. (Figs 1-31 Male. Frons brown, with seven bristles on each sides, viz. sant, ant, ml, pl, po, postnc, vt, apart from four to five hairs. Anterolaterals absent, supraantennais greatly reduced, and

posterolaterals considerably weakened. Thirc! antenna1segment brown, elongate, about 1.75 times as iong as broad, with its upper face being abruptly concave (fig, 1). Palps yellowish brown, paler at base, with four to five ventral hairs and six to seven ventral and apical bristles, the most apical of which is strongest. Scutum dark brown, pleurae paler. Thoracic setation as following: 4pp1, one of which near the lowest margin of the sclerite, Ih, 3npl (one of which is somewhat weaker), Isa, lpa, Ipsc. Scutellum with posterior pair of long bristles and anterior pair of hairs, which are shorter than those on sccturn. Legs yellowish brown, fore iegs somewhat paler. Fore tibia with short hair-like dorsal bristle in the end of the first third and a dorsal row of shorter bristles in distal half. Mid femur without sensory organ. Mid tibia with one long dorsal and two equally shorter anterior bristles in basal and apical quarters, apart from long ventral apical spur. Additionally, two poorly defined transverse anterodorsal hair combs in apical third. Hind tibia with two dorsal bristles in the end of basal and middle third respectively, and one anterodorsal bristle, which is roughly on same level with upper dorsal. Wing length 1.4mm. Costal index 0.43. Costal ratio 1.66 : 1. Costal cilia gradually getting longer towards end of costal vein, 0.05-0.llmm iong. Base of RS without a hair. First thin vein evenly arched backwards, so that the first and second thin veins seem to be ?!st January, 2W3 Vo!. 139 (2003)

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parallel for only half their length, then divergent. A single bnitls on axillarl; ridge. Halteres brown. Abdominal tergites brown, with scarce minute hairs coniined mainly to posterior third of each sclerite, or middle third in case of sixth tergite. Hypopygium brown. Both left and right surstyli roughly similar in shape and narrowly tapered, and have two to three apical spinules (figs 2, 3). Additionally. left surstylus has a couple of such spinules at its upper margin, and right surstylus bears a preapical spinule. Outer face of both surstyli covered with hairs, which confined mainly to and longer at lower margin. Female unknown.

Holotype 8, RUSSIA, Sakhalin Is., environs of the Starodubskoe settlement, 6-8.vii.1972 (Zherikhin & Mikheev) ( Z M U M ) .

Figs 1-7. -New species of Conicera, males: 1-3. - C. accoja sp. n.: 1, third antennal segment; 2, left surstylus, outer face; 3, right surstylus, inner face; 4-7. - C. quadrata sp. n.: 4, third antennal segment; 5, left surstylus, inner face; 6, right surstylus, outer face; 7, right surstylus, inner face. (Scale bars = 0.lmm.)

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This new species is most similar to C. dauci, from which it differs, first of all, by the shape of the surstyli, with the left surstylus having two dorsal spines in addition to apical ones, and by the pattern of setation of the surstyli, with the bristles arranged mainly along the ventral margin of each clasper, where they are notably longer and stronger. In C. dauci, both claspers have only apical spines, whose number vary from two to four, and the bristles are more uniform and distributed more evenly over the outer face of the claspers. Additionally, the first costal section is remarkably shorter in the new species compared with that of dauci, in which it ranges from 2.33 to 2.75. In the hind tibia of the new species, the upper dorsal bristle is situated approximately on the same level with the anterodorsal, whereas in dauci, the anterodorsal is placed much lower. Conicera dauci (Meigen) This Holarctic species is known to frequent various, mainly umbelliferan, flowers (Disney, 1994); however, this is the first published record of it from Angelica dahurica flowers. Several specimens were caught on exposed cattle dung, but it is still unclear whether their larvae develop in dung or adults only visit it. For this species, this is the first record of this kind. New records from UKRAINE: 4 8 2 9 , Kanev, 10-15.viii.1982 (Ras~zitsyn)(ZMUM); 1 0 8 1 9 , South Crimea, Nikita State Botanical Garden, 13-16.vii.1994 (Mostovski) (MBM). RUSSIA: 1 8 4 9 , Leningrad Reg., Kolomyagi, 7.vii. 1921, with Uroseius (U.) acuminatus attached to intersegmental abdominal membrane of one female; 1 8 1 9 , Leningrad Reg., Kolornyagi, Grafskaya Square, 17 and 23.vii.1921 (Stackelberg); 1 8 , Smolensk Reg., Smolenskoe poozer'e National Park, 15.vi.1992 (Zlobin) (ZIN); 2 8 , Moscow Reg., Pavlovskaya Sloboda, 13-30.vi.1987; I ? , same data except 1-15.vii. 1987; 2 8 , Moscow, Losinyj ostrov, 23,viii. 1987; 1 8 , Moscow Reg., Teatral'naya Station, 27.viii.1987; 1 8 , same data except 11.vii.1988 (Kolyada); 1 9 , Moscow Reg., Zvenigorod Biological Station, on cattle dung, 19.vi.1994; 6 8 , Moscow Reg., Malakhovka, on cattle dung, 9-10.vi.1994; 7 8 Moscow Reg., Malakhovka, public park, 24-28.vii.2994; 6 8 , same data except 31.viii-l.ix. 1994; 2 8 , same data except 16.vii.1995 (Mostovski); 1 9 , Vladimir Reg., Aleksandrov, vii.1985 (Kolyada) (MBM); 1 8 1 9 , Vologda Reg., Jontala R., Olyatino, 15.viii.1994 (Sukacheva); 2 8 1 9 , Kemerovo Reg.. Verkhnij Chumysh, 6-29.vi.1955 (Kelejnikova) (ZMUM); 3 6 4 9 . Amur Reg., Klimoutsy, 40km W of Svobodnyj, blind creek meadow, visiting flowers of Angelica dahurica, 17.vii.1958 (Zinoviev), with a mite attached to the base of abdomen of one 8 (ZIN); 1 8 , Southern Maritime Province, 40km SE of Ussurijsk, 6.viii.1983 (A. Ozerov) (ZMUM); 1 9 , Sakhalin Is., env. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 19.vii.1955; 1 8 , same data except 2.vii.1956 (Eolovich) (ZIN).

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Conicera fioricola Schmitz Transpalaearctic species. New records from RUSSIA: 1 8 , Snolensk Reg., Smolenskoe poozer'e National Park, 12.vi.1992 (Zlobin)(ZIN); 1 8 , Moscow Reg., Pavlovskaya Sloboda, I-15.vii.1987 (Kolyada) (ZMUM); 16, Baikal Lake, Svyatoj Nos Peninsular, Zmeinaya Bay, 8-9.vii.1997 (Mostovski) (MBM); 18, Russian Far East, Anisimovka, 11.vi14.vii.1997 (Belokobyl Skiy) (ZDI).

Conicera quadrata sp. n. (Figs 4-7) Male. Frons brown, with eight bristles on each side, viz. sant, ant, al, ml, pl, po, postoc, vt, apart from approximately 20 hairs. Anierolaterals about half length of mediolaterals.

Third antenna1 segment brown, elongate, 1.6 times as long as broad, with its upper face not strongly concave (fig. 4). Psllps yellowish brown, paler at base, with eight ventral hairs and eight vectral and apical bristles, the most apica! of which is longest. Scutum dark brown, pleurae paler. Thoracic setation as following: 3pp1, one of which near the lowest margin of the sclerite, l h , 4np1 (two of which are somewhat weaker), Isa, lpa, lpsc. Scutellum with posterior pair of long bristles and anterior pair of hairs, which are shorter than those on scutum. Legs yellowish brown, fore legs somewhat paler. Fore tibia with short hair-like dorsal bristle in the beginning of the second third and a dorsal row of shorter bristles in distal half. Mid femur without sensory organ. Mid tibia with one dorsal and two anterior bristles in basal and apical quarter, apart from long ventral apical spur. Dorsal bristle is longer and lower than basal anterior bristle, which is longer than distal one. Additionaliy, t h e e transverse anterodorsal hair combs in the third quarter, most proximal of which is poorly defined. Hind tibia with two dorsal bristles in the end of the basal and middle third respectively, and one anteiodorsal bristle, which is roughly on the same level with the upper dorsal, but remarkably shorter. The upper dorsal is clearly longer than the iower one. Wing length 1.3mm. Costal index 0.36. Costal ratio 1.75 : 1. Costal cilia gradually getting longer towards end of costal vein, being longest before R, insertion, 0.0260.063mm long. Base of RS with a short hair. First thin vein weak!y arched backwards. First and second thin veins parallel for two thirds, then divergent. A single bristle on axillary ridge. Halteres brown. Abdominal tergites brown, with scarce minute hairs confined mainly to posterior third of each sclerite, or posterior half in case of the sixth tergite. Hypopygium brown. Left surstylus of elaborated form (fig. 5), with arched row of short spines on inner surface and scattered longish hair throughout the outer surface. Right surstylus roughly quadrate (fig. O), covered with numerous long hairs on the outer surface and with several spinules on inner surface (fig. 7). Dorsal lobe of right surstylus developed only as small tubercle. Female unknown.

Holotype 8 , RUSSIA: Maritime Province, Ussurijsk Distr., Gornotaezhnoe, 43.66"N, 132.25"E, 26-27.vi.2000 (Michailovskaya) (UMZG). This species was erroneously identified by Michailovskaya (2000) as C. tarsalis Schmitz. However, this new species immediately differs from the latter as well as from schnittmanni andjloricola in the absence of a well developed dorsal lobe of the right surstylus.

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Conicera schnittmanni Schmitz Transpalaearctic species. New record from UKRAINE:1 6 , Transcarpathia, Carpathian State Reserve, Chernogor'e, 6.viii.1986 (Kolyada) (MBM). Conicera similis (Haliday) Phora similis Haliday, 1833: 179. Conicera sensilipes Schmitz, 1938: 45. Syn. n.

There is a number of species, whose males possess a sensory organ in the distal half of the mid femur, In C. sirnilis, the opening of this organ is distinctly smaller and has the apical process remarkably shorter in comparison with that of other species. Our study of a series of males has revealed quite a large variability of both features. The shape of the opening may be rounded to somewhat elongate, and the apical process varies from very short to quite conspicuous, although it never reaches the length found in other species. This opening may be bordered by a chitinous ridge, which is normally developed along the ventral side, but occasionally shifted to the proximal or even dorsoproximal part of the opening. Schmitz mentioned in the original description that his sensilipes is the closest relative of sirnilis, but stated (p. 46) that "...bei similis Iiegt das kahnformige, Chitingebilde am ventralen Rande der Gmbe, ein Unterschied, der sicher nicht bloR auf normaler oder abnormaler individueller Variation beruht", which now is found to be incorrect. In sensilipes, the position of the chitinous ridge seems to lie at the extreme end of the variation. Taking into account such a variability, we failed to find any consistent features distinguishing C. sensilipes from C. similis. Regrettably, the head of the holotype of sensilipes is now missing; however Schmitz's figure in the original description proves that the frontal setation of his species does not differ from that of sirnilis either. Neither have we noticed any differences in the structure of the genitalia of these species. We therefore propose a new synonymy. Material. SLOVENIA: 1 8 , Istria, 1937 (Pax) (ZFMK) [holotype of C. sensilipes, on four slides]. UKRAINE: 16 , Transcarpathian, Carpathian State Reserve, Ugol'ka forestry, meadow, 18.viii.1986 (Kolyada) (ZMUM); RUSSIA:3 6 , Moscow Reg., Pavlovskaya Sloboda, 13.vi15.vii.1987 (Kolyada) (ZMUM); 4 6 , Moscow Reg., Malakhovka, on cattle dung, 9-10.vi.1994; 7 8 1 Q , Moscow Reg., Malakhovka, public park, 24-31.vii.1994 (Mostovski); 6 , Moscow Reg., env. Stupino, 21.vii.1994 (Kolyada); 2 8 , Moscow Reg., Kolomna, 9.vii.1995 (Mostovski) (MBM); 2 8 , Polar Urals [date and collector unknown] (ZMUM). Conicera tibialis Schmitz, 1925 This species has been recorded worldwide, being possibly carried by man. The specimens on hand demonstrate some variability in the length of

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the process of the sensory organ and setation pattern of the surstyli, although they undoubtedly belong to the same species. Kew records from UKRAINE: 1 8 , Taganrog, 19.ix.1921 (ZUV); 2 8 , Crimea, Karadag Reserve, 8-10.v.1988 (Kolyada) (MBM). RUSSIA: 1 8 , Moscow Reg., Pavlovskaya Sloboda, 1-15.vii.1987 (Kolyada) (MBM); 18, Caucasus, North Osetia, env. Aiagir, 10.vii.1988; 1 8 , Southern Maritime Province, 40km SE of Ussurijsk, 26.vii.1983 (A. Ozerov) (ZMUM). TAJIKISTAN: 4 8 , Stalinabad, 30.iv.1942 (Gussakovskiy) (ZIN). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Our gratitude extends to Dr E.P. Nartshuk, Dr V.Ph. Zaitsev (ZIN), Dr E.A. Antonova, Dr A.L. Ozerov, Dr A.I. Shatalkin (ZMUM), Dr B.J. Sinclair (ZFMK) for their kind help while working with collections in their care. We are grateful to Dr V.V. Zlobin (ZIN) and especially to Mr V. Kolyada (Moscow) for passing their collections of the scuttle flies. Some material has been collected during an expedition under the project EURUS'97 arranged by Mr P. VrBanskq (Comenius Univ., Bratislava). Our thanks also to Dr O.L. Makarova (Institute of Problems in Evolution and Ecology, Moscow) for mite identification. MBM's work on Phoridae is funded by the Royal SocietyINATO Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme. RHLD's studies are funded by the Isaac Newton Trust (Trinity College, Cambridge). REFERENCES

Colyer, C.N. & Elberg, K., 1969, New data on Phoridae (Diptera), Eesti NSV Teadust2 Akadeemia Toimerised. Biological Series, 18(2): 154-169. Disney, R.H.L., 1983, Scuttle flies - Diptera Phoridae (except Megaselia), Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, lO(6): 1-8., 1991a, Family Phoridae, pp 143-204 in A. Sods & L. Papp (eds). Caralogue of Palaearctic Diprera, 7 (Dolichopodidae - Platypezidae), Budapest. 1991b, A new species of Conicera (Diptera: Phoridae) from Germany, Zoologischer Anzeigel; 227(3/4): 240-244. 1994, ScuttleJies: the Phoridae, Chapman & Hall, London, 468pp. Haliday, A.H., 1833, Catalogue of Diptera occurring about Holywood in Downshire, Entomological Magazine, 1: 147-189. Liu, G., 2000, Taxonomic study on Conicera Meigen (Diptera: Phoridae) from China pp. 162-173 in: Y. Zhang (ed.), Systematic and faunistic research on Chinese insects, Proceedings of the 5th National Congress on Insect Tnxonomy. Michailovskaya, M.V., 2000, Review of the genus Conicera Meigen (Diptera, Phoridae) from Russia, International Journal ofDipterologica1 Research, ll(1): 9-13. Schmitz, H., 1938, Conicera sensilipes n. sp. 8 (Phoridae, Dipt.), Mitreilungen iiber Hiilen- und Kars@orschung, 1938: 45-46.

M.B.M., University Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, U.K. & Palaeontological Institute, 123 Profsoyuznaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia. R.H.L.D., University Department of Zoology. Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, U.K. November loth, 2001.