Conservation Agriculture and Soil Carbon Sequestration

20 downloads 0 Views 1MB Size Report
activities, carbon (C) sequestration in agricultural soils requires changes to man- agement practices. Conservation ... lion from mid-2013 to 10.9 billion by the end of this century (United Nations 2013). ..... system carbon budget. Mulch farming.
Chapter 19

Conservation Agriculture and Soil Carbon Sequestration Ch. Srinivasarao, Rattan Lal, Sumanta Kundu and Pravin B Thakur

Abstract &KDQJHVWRDJULFXOWXUDOSUDFWLFHVLQUHVSRQVHWRFOLPDWHFKDQJHDQGZLGH VSUHDG VRLO GHJUDGDWLRQ DUH EHLQJ LQYHVWLJDWHG WR LPSURYH IRRG VHFXULW\ HQKDQFH HQYLURQPHQWDOFRQVHUYDWLRQDQGDFKLHYHVXVWDLQDELOLW\6LQFHVRLORUJDQLFFDUERQ 62& FRQFHQWUDWLRQLVDVWURQJGHWHUPLQDQWRIVRLOSK\VLFRFKHPLFDODQGELRORJLFDO DFWLYLWLHVFDUERQ & VHTXHVWUDWLRQLQDJULFXOWXUDOVRLOVUHTXLUHVFKDQJHVWRPDQ DJHPHQW SUDFWLFHV &RQVHUYDWLRQ DJULFXOWXUH &$ ²EDVHG RQ PLQLPXP VRLO GLV WXUEDQFHDGHTXDWHVXUIDFHFRYHUDQGFRPSOH[FURSURWDWLRQV²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eywords Conservation tillage · &DUERQ PDQDJHPHQW · &DUERQ FUHGLW · Organic matter · 6\VWHPSURGXFWLYLW\ · =HURWLOODJH · 6XVWDLQDELOLW\ · India

&K6ULQLYDVDUDR ā6.XQGXā3%7KDNXU &HQWUDO5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWHIRU'U\ODQG$JULFXOWXUH 6DQWRVKQDJDU6DLGDEDG+\GHUDEDG$QGKUD3UDGHVK,QGLD HPDLOFKHUXNXPDOOL#JPDLOFRP 5/DO &DUERQ0DQDJHPHQWDQG6HTXHVWUDWLRQ&HQWHU61(52$5'& 7KH2KLR6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\&ROXPEXV2+86$ ‹6SULQJHU,QWHUQDWLRQDO3XEOLVKLQJ6ZLW]HUODQG 0)DURRT.+06LGGLTXH HGV Conservation Agriculture, '2,B

479

&K6ULQLYDVDUDRHWDO

480

Abbreviations $,&53'$ %*$ %03V & CA &'0 &(5 &,00