Cow Technology

Cow Technology A Dawn of Brown Revolution

Sachin A Mandavgane Ph.D. Chemical Engg.

Department of Chemical Engineering Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur

Cow Technology? ??........ 

Doesn’t it sound unobvious?

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Does it sound contradictory??

What is Technology? 

B. Sc. (Bachelor of Science)

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B.E. (Bachelor of Engineering)

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B.Tech. (Bachelor of Technology)

The Basic Needs of a Human Being 

Roti

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Kapda

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Makan

Basic Foundation of Civil Society 

Education (Shiksha)

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Health (Swastha)

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Economy (Aarth)

The Issues Occupying Headlines Needs of present society…….

Does cow provide solution to present day issues 

Farmer Suicide

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Energy Crisis

Does Cow help to develop Nation? How to develop Nation???? Emphasis on Manufacturing Industry Which involves 

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Mass employment Mass production Mass consumption

Brown Revolution 

The Nation has witness  

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Green Revolution White Revolution

Now it’s a time for Brown Revolution

What is Brown Revolution????

?

This is a Brown Revolution……

Cow Dung……..

Uses of Cow Dung & Cow Urine 

For food: in Farming

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For health: in Medicine

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For energy: as Bio Fuel

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In Engineering application

Cow Dung & Cow Urine in Farming 

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Fertilizer (Vermi Compose) Insecticide & pesticide (this has US patent) (Kit Niyantrak) Soil rejuvenator (Amrut Pani)

Cow in Medicinal Usage Panchgavya Stands for ….     

Milk Curd Ghee Cow urine Cow dung

Panchgavya in Medicine 

Cow urine distillate

The first US patent confirms its antimicrobial, antifungal and immuno stimulant character The second US patent endorses anti- cancerous and anti-oxidant properties of cow urine distillate

Panchgavya in Medicine 

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Only cow urine distillate helps in more than 103 dreadful diseases Other than Cow Urine Distillate there are more than 35 medicine from Panchgavya Source: http://www.govigyan.com/

Cow in Engineering Applications      

Mosquito repellent Cow urine based Surface Cleaner Cow dung blended green concrete bricks Cow dung mixed wall finishes Bio briquettes (a substitute of coal) Cow dung in energy generation

Mosquito repellent Coil 

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The chemical based mosquito repellents contain Pallethrin Pallethrin is harmful and poisonous chemicals which likely to cause threat to human health. Researchers proved that pyrethroids used in repellents lead to hyper excitation of nervous system and prolong uses result in corneal damage, lever damage and asthma.

Mandavgane S A, Pattalwar V and Kalambe A, ‘ Development of cow dung based herbal mosquito repellent’, Natural Product Radiance, 4(4)(2005), 270-272.


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The common problems are caused by inhalation of its smoke. Its inhalation toxicity is high even at low concentration of 0.0044mg/litre/day or 4.39 ppm.


Studies show that children ranging from 1-6 years in age are eating at least 0.002157mg/kg/day of pallethrin used in liquidators Due to food exposure which is affecting their health whereas its limiting quantity is 0.002152mg/kg/day

Herbal Mosquito repellent Coil Ingredients Neem Vekhand Tulsi Ajowan Raal Rice Saw dust Vegetable ghee Lemon Grass oil Peppermint oil

Wt. percentage 7.77% 3.0% 3.0% 2.1% 3.9% 4.8% 4.35% 8.0% 8.6% 7.3%

Cow dung

40.4%

Maida

6.35%

Cow Urine base Surface Cleaner 

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Cow urine (It contains carbolic acid, which is a mixture of phenol and cresol) Neem extract (key component azadirachtin) Tulsi extract (key component eugenol) Ritha extract (gives soapy feel ) Pine oil (fragrance and flavor )

Mandavgane S A, Mude N and Rambhal A, ‘ Development cow urine base disinfectant’ Natural Product Radiance 4(5)(2005), 410-412.

Composition of Cow Urine base Surface Cleaner Composition

Neem extract

Sample A

25

Sample B

Tulsi extract

Cow urine

Ritha extract

Pine oil

37.5

37.5

20

10

37.5

25

37.5

20

10

Sample C

37.5

37.5

25

20

10

Sample D

60

20

20

20

10

Sample E

20

20

60

20

10

Results of Cow Urine base Surface Cleaner Concentration

C50 (µl)

C100 (µl) C150 (µl)

C200 (µl)

C250 (µl)

Sample A

+

+

+

+

-

Sample B

+

+

+

+

+

Sample C

+

+

-

-

-

Sample D

+

+

+

-

-

Sample E

+

+

+

+

+

Positive ( + ) sign indicates the growth of bacteria. Negative ( - ) sign indicates no growth of bacteria.

Raw Materials for Bio Briquettes  

Municipal waste (40% organic waste) Industrial waste 

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paper waste, olive- oil residues, leather waste, food processing waste, used motor oil

Agricultural residues 

rice husk, sunflower husk, tundra dust, wood waste, straw, coconut fibers, peat, cotton waste, saw dust, groundnut shells, hazelnut shell, sugar cane,

Mandavgane S A , ‘Modeling of Biomass Briquetting Using Artifial Neural Networks’, Proc of Advances in Energy Research 2006, IIT Bombay, 2006.

Bio Briquettes 

Agricultural residues have 

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low bulk density, which makes handling difficult, transport and storage expensive, gives rise to poor combustion properties. However, these problems can be overcome by compacting the loose biomass to form briquettes.

Bio Briquettes

Bio Briquettes % Composition

Cow dung

BB I 50

BB II 65

BB III 40

BB IV 30

BB V 50

BB VI 60

BB VII -

BB VIII 100

Saw dust

40

25

50

-

-

-

-

-

Rice husk

10 -

10 -

10 -

60 10

40 20

20 20

70 30

-

Tree leaves

Bio Briquettes Analysis BB I BB II BB III BB IV BB V BB VI BB VII BB VIII

% Ash

%Moisture

%Volatile material

Calorific value (Kcal/kg)

14.4 12.0 12.1 22.9 22.7 19.5 29.2 40.2

10.1 9.5 10.2 9.2 10.5 10.2 9.2 8.6

59.1 61.9 61.0 55.0 52.2 53.6 51.1 43.4

3557 3739 3774 3501 3157 3574 3067 2608

Courtesy : CFRI Nagpur Regional Lab.

Raw Materials of Green Concrete Bricks        

Cement Sand Water Cow dung Fly ash (waste of thermal power station) MnO slag (waste of steel industry) Rice husk Jute

Green Concrete Bricks 

Green concrete has to meet following environmental goals   

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CO2 emission must be reduced by 30% Should contain 20% residual product Residual product which are otherwise used in land filling or disposal must be used Waste derived fuels must replace 10% of fissile fuels.

Cow dung in Wall Finishes 

The Main ingredients of surface coating materials like wall finishes, paint, primers are    

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Binder Pigment Solvent Filler

Fine dust of dried cow dung can be introduced into above mixture to get insulating effect

Bio Energy 

Use of dung in bio gas manufacturing is a known fact.

Gobar Gas a Replacement to LPG, Kerosene & Petrol 

The Chairman Kinetic Group Mr Arun Firodia Says. India has the world’s largest live stock population of

250 million, which produces close to 125 million tonnes of cowdung. Using this we can produce enough methane gas to entirely replace LPG and kerosene in cooking, and substitute petrol in transportation. 8 December 2004 Times of India

Cows Are Forever: Methane Gas the Answer to Oil Imports      

Just like CNG, methane gas can be used to run automobile engines in place of petrol. One cow produces methane gas equivalent to 225 litres of petrol 40 million cows to produce an energy equivalent to annual requirement of eight million tonnes of petrol A generator needs 200 gm of petrol to produce one kilowatt/hour (kwH) of electrical energy The per capita electrical energy consumption in rural area is 112 kwH per annum. Our rural population being 74 crore, we will need another 85 million cows to meet the electrical energy needs of rural areas. Chairman Kinetic Group Mr Arun Firodia to TOI

Present Status of Cow



What Can u Do?   

Don’t litter polythene bags…… Avoid use of plastic bags for carriage Daily offer Go-Grass to cow…Would one one like his/her beloved eating garbage…..

Solution to present day problem 

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There is a need to look at cow from S&T angle The research challenges and opportunities should be identified