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Dear authors, Thank you very much for your contribution to Chinese Physics B. Your paper has been published in Chinese Physics B, 2014, Vol.23, No.7. Attached is the PDF offprint of your published article, which will be convenient and helpful for your communication with peers and coworkers. Readers can download your published article through our website http://www.iop.org/cpb or http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn What follows is a list of related articles published recently in Chinese Physics B.
Diagnostic technique for measuring fusion reaction rate for inertial confinement fusion experiments at Shen Guang-III prototype laser facility Wang Feng, Peng Xiao-Shi, Kang Dong-Guo, Liu Shen-Ye, Xu Tao Chin. Phys. B , 2013, 22(11): 115204.Full Text:
PDF (740KB)+
Radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator Huang Xian-Bin,Yang Li-Bing,Li Jing,Zhou Shao-Tong,Ren Xiao-Dong,Zhang Si-Qun,Dan Jia-Kun,Cai Hong-Chun,Duan Shu-Chao,Chen Guang-Hua,Zhang Zheng-Wei,Ouyang Kai,Li Jun,Zhang Zhao-Hui,Zhou Rong-Guo,Wang Gui-Lin Chin. Phys. B , 2012, 21(5): 055206.Full Text:
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Chin. Phys. B Vol. 23, No. 7 (2014) 075207
DD proton spectrum for diagnosing the areal density of imploded capsules on Shenguang III prototype laser facility∗ Teng Jian(滕 建), Zhang Tian-Kui(张天奎), Wu Bo(伍 波), Pu Yu-Dong(蒲昱东), Hong Wei(洪 伟), Shan Lian-Qiang(单连强), Zhu Bin(朱 斌), He Wei-Hua(何卫华), Lu Feng(卢 峰), Wen Xian-Lun(温贤伦), Zhou Wei-Min(周维民), Cao Lei-Feng(曹磊峰), Jiang Shao-En(江少恩), and Gu Yu-Qiu(谷渝秋)† Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China (Received 9 October 2013; revised manuscript received 21 January 2014; published online 15 May 2014)
The primary DD proton spectrum is used for diagnosing the fuel-shell areal density ρR of imploded capsules on Shenguang III (SG-III) prototype laser facility for the first time. A charged particle spectrometer (CPS) with a CR39 nuclear track detector is used to measure the DD proton spectrum. The proton spectrum is determined from both the proton track and its size. A typical proton energy peak shift from 3.02 MeV to 2.6 MeV is observed in our experiment, which yields a maximum ρR larger than 6 mg/cm2 .
Keywords: DD proton spectrum, charged particle spectrometer, areal density, implosion PACS: 52.57.Fg, 52.70.Nc, 29.30.Ep
DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/23/7/075207
1. Introduction In inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, attaining the ignition requires the capsule to be symmetrically compressed [1,2] to achieve a high density and a high temperature. To character the compression feature of the capsule, the areal density ρR is often used to indicate the compression degree. It is probable to realize the ignition only when ρR is more than 0.4 g/cm2 according to the Lawson criteria. The ρR is also strongly influences the degree of self-heating, the fractional burn, and the breakeven requirements. [3,4] It is critical to measure this quantity experimentally. Several methods have been proposed, among which the measurement of the energy peak shift of DD produced protons by a charged particle spectrometer (CPS) is an important one due to the close relationship between the compressed fuel and the particle spectral characteristics. It has been widely used to diagnose the areal density at several large laser facilities. [5–10] In Shenguang III (SG-III) prototype laser facility, the secondary neutron yield ratio method has been used to diagnose the areal density under a low density condition, [11] however an accurate measurement of the yield is necessary. The proton spectrometry method does not require any absolute number of the emitted protons (only their energy peak shifts are required) and is expected to be used in our experiment. As the energy of the DD proton is only about 3 MeV, the protons from the ablated plasma (always have velocities larger than 107 cm/s) will interfere the DD proton spectrum measurements when ρR is large enough to bring on a large proton energy downshift. Usually, D3 He protons [7] and DD secondary protons [6] are more suitable for the diagnosis of ρR due to their
higher energies. However, for the limited energy on Shenguang III prototype laser facility, the total number of DD secondary protons (3 He [< 0.82 MeV] +D→ α [1.7–6.6 MeV] + p∗ [12.6–17.5 MeV]) in DD implosion experiments is too low to give a spectrum. Fortunately, the imploded DD fuel density in our experiments is not so high that the maximum primary proton energy downshift is larger than 1.0 MeV, far higher than the energy of the protons from the plasma expansion. The protons produced in the laser plasma interaction have a maximum cutoff energy Emax = 3.51 × 10−6 (Iλ 2 )1/3 . [12] In our experiments, the laser intensity is about 7.1×1014 W/cm2 and the wavelength is 0.35 µm. If the laser is directly incident into the capsule, Emax is about 0.16 MeV. For the indirect-driven implosion, Emax is even low. These low energy protons will have no influence on the primary DD proton spectrum in our experiment. In this paper, the method and the results on the areal density measurement of an imploded DD target by using the energy peak shift of DD produced primary protons are described. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the experiment setup, and gives information on the laser and the target. In Section 3, the calibration of the charge particle spectrometer and the CR39 detector are presented. In Section 4, the possible noises on the CR39 detector are analysis and characterized, which is very important for obtaining the proton spectrum. In Section 5, the proton spectrum is gained by distinguishing the proton track from the noise track. In Section 6, some analysis about the areal density is carried out. A summary is presented in Section 7.
∗ Project
supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, China (Grant No. 9140C680302130C68243). author. E-mail:
[email protected] © 2014 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd http://iopscience.iop.org/cpb http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn † Corresponding
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Chin. Phys. B Vol. 23, No. 7 (2014) 075207 2. Experiment setup The experiments were performed on SG-III laser prototype facility at Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics. SG-III laser prototype facility is an 8beam neodymium-doped phosphate glass laser capable of delivering 10 kJ frequency-tripled laser in 1–10 ns, which is designed for indirect laser fusion researches. Its 8 beams gather to the two polar with an incidence angle of 45◦ relative to the perpendicular axis. In our experiments, 8 laser beams with total energy of 8×900 J and flat top pulse duration of 1 ns were incident into a hohlraum (diameter 1100 µm, length 1800 µm) to produce X-ray. The wall thickness of the hohlraum was 27 µm. The X-ray was then irradiated on a 320 µm diameter CH micro balloon with 19 atm D2 gas filled. The wall of the micro balloon was 20 µm. A hole of 250 µm×250 µm on the hohlraum wall was used for the diagnosis of the implosion protons. The laser beams were smoothed with CCP and focused to a spot about 400 µm in diameter. In order to obtain a more uniform irradiance, each beam was moved a small distance of 50 µm away from the polar sides to the equatorial plane. The average on-target laser intensity was ∼7.1×1014 W/cm2 . In the pure DD-filled target, the primary fusion reactions are D + D →3 He(0.82 MeV) + n(2.45 MeV),
(1)
D + D → T(1.01 MeV) + p(3.02 MeV).
(2)
N
S
Fig. 1. (color online) Schematic diagram of the charged-particle spectrometer (CPS). A 6.2 kG quadrate dipole magnet, 10 cm in its longest dimension, disperses protons in the energy range 0.5–10 MeV according to the ratio of momentum to charge. A CR39 nuclear track detector is placed 5 cm behind the CPS.
The proton signal on the CR39 nuclear track detector could appear only after a series of processing, however, the radiochromic dosimeters film (RCF) could turn color immediately after the protons radiated. In the CPS calibration experiment, an RCF was used instead of CR39 to record the proton signals. By adjusting the energies of the protons, the real relationship between the proton energy and the transverse deflection distance on the CR39 nuclear track detector was deduced, which is shown in Fig. 2. This distance–energy relationship would be used in the implosion experiment to estimate the energy of the protons.
Spectra were observed by using a charged-particle spectrometer consisting of a 6.2 kG permanent magnet with CR-39 nuclear track-etch detectors. The detector was placed at 26◦ in south-east on the target chamber equatorial plane. A 5 µm Al filter was used to protect the CR-39 detector from the laser accelerated proton and other ablator heavy ions. The 0.82 MeV 3 He, which has a penetration depth of only 2.5 µm in Al, could not be detected by the CR39 detector. The 1.01 MeV tritium could enter the CR39 detector, however its track size is different from that of the 3 MeV protons.
(a)
E
3. Calibration of the charge particle spectrometer and the CR39 detector
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Proton energy/MeV
The charge particle spectrometer and the CR39 detector were calibrated in the GIC4117 accelerator at Peking Normal University. This accelerator could produce protons with a current down to 30 pA and energy up to 3.4 MeV. The energy spread could be lower than 1%. The spot size was about 10 mm. The schematic diagram of the charged-particle spectrometer is shown in Fig. 1. As the proton yield in the implosion experiment was low, a larger entrance aperture of 10 mm in length and 0.25 mm in width was used to collect enough protons. The proton detector was placed 5 cm behind the CPS. The relatively position between the CPS and the proton detector was fixed.
3.0
(b)
2.5
left side right side
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 10
15
20
25
30
35
Transverse deflection/mm Fig. 2. (color online) The calibrated relationship between the proton energy and the transverse deflection distance on the detector. The effects of the slit width on the deflection distance are presented. (a) Original calibrated proton signal on RCF. The energy is higher at the left. (b) The energy–transverse deflection relationship obtained.
Chin. Phys. B Vol. 23, No. 7 (2014) 075207 The gyro radius of a charged particle in a magnetic field is proportional to the particle’s energy E through the relationship √ AE Rgyro ∝ , Z
Table 1. Track number of the same CR39 at different time. No. of files by scanning single1
(3)
single3 single4 single5 single6 single7
Scanning time 2013.5.24 a.m.
2013.5.24 p.m. 2013.5.27 a.m. 2013.5.27 p.m
60 (a) Count/arb.units
50
12
40 30 20 10
10
0 0
8 6
2
4 6 rmin/mm
8
(b)
2 0
10
50
4 Count/arb.units
Proton track diameter/mm
where A is the atomic mass and Z is the atomic number. √ The other heavy ions with the same value of AE/Z would also deposit at the same position of the protons. To prevent the influence of the other ions, the proton track on the CR39 detector was also calibrated. The relationship of the proton energy and the track diameter is presented in Fig. 3. The CR39 sheet was etched in a 6 mol/L NaOH solution (at temperature 60 ◦ C) for 6 h. The other heavy ions at the same position on the RCF had very different track sizes from that of the protons. [7]
Number of tracks 53644 clean 27359 20350 26442 46422 59783
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 Proton energy/MeV
8
9
Fig. 3. (color online) Measured diameters of tracks in CR-39 for accelerator-generated protons with energies ranging from 0.4 MeV to 8 MeV. The solid line is the fitting curve, and the error bar is given by a random measure of several tracks.
40 30 20 10 0 0
4. Noise analysis As the signal to noise ratio is very low in our experiment, an analysis of the noise is necessary. The TASLIMAGE system and the Color 3D Laser Microscope VK-9700K were used for the scanning and the analysis of the CR39 nuclear track detector. The noise could be produced before and after the experiment. Before the experiment, three different noises exist. The first noise is the dust on the surface, which is deduced by scanning several different CR39 sheets. The distributions of the track sizes are the same for all CR39 sheets and the number of the track will increase with time when the CR39 is exposed to air, which is seen in Table 1. The number density is about 104 cm−2 . This noise has a typical size of 3–5 µm, as shown in Fig. 4. The rmin is the short size of the track, and rmax is the long size of the track. The second noise is the intrinsic noise caused by the radioactivity in the environment. The number density is from several tens cm−2 to several hundreds cm−2 for different CR39 sheets. The typical shape of this noise is shown in Fig. 5(a). It has an isotropic distribution and the track usually has a tail.
2
4 6 rmin/mm
8
10
Fig. 4. (color online) Distributions of the track size: (a) short size, (b) long size.
The third noise is the defect, which has an irregularly size and can be expelled easily. To exclude these noises, the deepness of the protons track and the noise track was also measured by the Color 3D Laser Microscope VK-9700K, and the depth of the proton track was larger than that of the noise with the same track size. During the experiment, some other noises could also be introduced. The first one is the T and 3 He ions produced in the DD reaction. A 5 µm thick Al foil before the CR39 detector can prevent the 3 He ions with energy lower than 0.82 MeV. The T ion can penetrate the 5 µm Al foil, but the track size is larger than that of the protons at the same deflected position. [7] The second noise is protons produced in the interaction of laser plasma, which has a maxim cutoff energy Emax = 3.51 × 10−6 (Iλ 2 )1/3 . In our experiments, the laser intensity was about 7.1×1014 W/cm2 and the wavelength was 0.35 µm. If the laser was directly incident into the capsule,
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Chin. Phys. B Vol. 23, No. 7 (2014) 075207 Emax was about 0.16 MeV. For the indirect-driven implosion, Emax was even low. These low energy protons would have no influence on the DD proton spectrum in our experiment. The third noise is the secondary neutron, which has a number of only 10−4 of the primary protons and can be ignored.
to decide the proton energy at certain transverse position of the CR39 detector. The relationship of the proton energy and the track size was used to eliminate the influence of the other ions. The finally proton energy spectrum is shown in Fig. 6.
6. Areal density of the imploded capsules (a)
The stopping power of the test particle in a field of background particles is given as [13] dE t/f (Zt e)2 2 G(xt/f ) lnΛb , = − 2 ωpf dx υt
(4)
with mf G(xt/f ) = µ(xt/f ) − mt
1 0 [µ + µ ] , µ − lnΛb 0
(5)
where Zt e is the test particle charge; υt (υf ) is the test (field) t/f 2 2 particle velocity with q x = υt /υf ; mt (mf ) is test (field) par-
(b)
ticle mass; ωpf =
4πnf e2f /mf is the field plasma frequency;
p Rx √ µ(xt/f ) = 2 0 t/f e −ξ ξ dξ / π is the Maxwell integral;
lnΛb = ln (λD /pmin ), q λD is the Debye length in the nodegen-
Fig. 5. The tracks of (a) the intrinsic noise by the radioactivity in the environment and (b) the proton signal.
5. The proton energy spectrum
11
Areal density/mgScm-2
Number of tracks/arb. units
As the TASLIMAGE system could only give the 2D image of the track and the size of the dusty was similar to that of the proton with energy between 2 MeV and 3 MeV, the experiment result was analyzed by the Color 3D Laser Microscope VK-9700K. The size and the depth of the track on the CR39 detector were measured. As the incidence angle on the CR39 was larger than 80◦ . The track with a tail was not considered as the proton track. The calibrated relationship of the proton energy and the transverse deflection distance was used
erate regime, pmin = p2⊥ + (¯h/2mr u)2 ; and p⊥ = et ef /mr u2 is the classical impact parameter for 90◦ scattering, with mr the reduced mass and u the relative velocity. However, in the low temperature and high density regime, the electron quantum degeneracy effects must be considered in calculating λD and pmin , and the electron temperature must be replace by an effective temperature. On the contrary, the electron temperature can be used directly to calculate λD and pmin . To describe the transition between these two conditions, an interpolation formula given by Ichimaru [14] is used in our calculation. As the fuel has a relatively high temperature and a small ρR, most energy loss occurs in the low temperature high density shell, for which ρR is almost temperature insensitive. [15] The proton energy shift is about 400 keV in our experiment
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4
0.8 g/cm3 1 g/cm3 2 g/cm3 3 g/cm3 4 g/cm3 5 g/cm3
10
9
8
7
0.2 0 1
6 2 3 Proton energy/MeV
4
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Te/keV Fig. 7. The areal density at different shell plasma temperature and different density.
Fig. 6. (color online) The proton energy spectrum of the experiment.
075207-4
Chin. Phys. B Vol. 23, No. 7 (2014) 075207 and the areal density at different shell plasma temperature and different density is shown in Fig. 7, from which we can see that the maximum ρR is larger than 6 mg/cm2 .
7. Summary In summary, the primary DD proton spectrum has been used to measure the imploded fuel-shell areal density on Shenguang III prototype laser facility for the first time. The primary proton energy spectrum was observed using a charged-particle spectrometer consisting of a 6.2 kG permanent magnet with CR-39 nuclear track detectors. The CPS and the the CR39 nuclear track detector were calibrated in the GIC4117 accelerator at Peking Normal University before the experiment. The noise on the CR39 was analysis and characterized. From the measured spectrum, a typical peak energy shift from 3.02 MeV to 2.6 MeV was observed, which infers a maximum ρR larger than 6 mg/cm2 .
References [1] Jing L F, Huang T X, Jiang S E, Chen B L, Pu Y D, Hu F and Cheng S B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 105205 (in Chinese) [2] Jiang S E, Miao W Y and Kuang L Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 055206 (in Chinese) [3] Nuckolls J, Wood L, Theissen A and Zimmerman G 1972 Nature 293 139 [4] Krokhin O N and Rozanov V B 1973 Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 2 393
[5] Kitagawa Y, Tanaka K A, Nakai M, Yamanaka T, Nishihara K, Azechi H, Miyanaga N, Norimatsu T, Kanabe T, Chen C, Richard A, Sato M, Furukawa H and Nakai S 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 3130 [6] Seguin F H, Li C K, Frenje J A, Hicks D G, Green K M, Kurebayashi S, Soures J M, Meyerhofer D D, Glebov V Yu, Radha P B, Stoeck C, Roberts S, Sorce C, Sangster T C, Cable M D, Fletcher K and Padalino S 2002 Phys. Plasmas 9 2725 [7] Petrasso R D, Frenje J A, Li C K, Seguin F H, Rygg J R, Schwartz B E, Kurebayashi S, Radha P B, Stoeckl C, Soures J M, Delettrez J, Glebov V Yu, Meyerhofer D D and Sangster T C 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 095002 [8] Seguin F H, Frenje J A, Li C K, Hicks D G, Kurebayashi S, Rygg J R, Schwartz B E, Petrasso R D, Roberts S, Soures J M, Meyerhofer D D, Sangster T C, Knauer J P, Sorce C, Glebov V Yu, Stoeck C, Phillips T W, Leeper R J, Fletcher K and Padalino S 2003 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 975 [9] Frenje J A, Li C K, Rygg J R, S´eguin F H, Casey D T, Petrasso R D, Delettrez J, Glebov V Yu, Sangster T C, Landen O and Hatchett S 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 022702 [10] Zylstra A B, Frenje J A, S´eguin F H, et al. 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 10D901 [11] Kang X T, Chen J B, Deng C B, Liu Z J, Zhan X Y and Chen M 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 086109 [12] Hicks D G, Li C K, Seguin F H, Schnittman J D, Ram A K, Frenje J A, Petrasso R D, Soures J M, Meyerhofer D D, Roberts S, Sorce C, Stockl C, Sangster T C and Phillips T W 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 606 [13] Li C K and Petrasso R D 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 2460 [14] Ichimaru S 1994 Statistical Plasma Physics Vol. II (Reading: AddisonWesley Publishing Company) [15] Li C K, Hicks D G, Se´guin F H, Frenje J A, Petrasso R D, Soures J M, Radha P B, Glebov Yu V, Stoeckl C, Harding D R, Knauer J P, Kremens R, Marshall F J, Meyerhofer D D, Skupsky S, Roberts S, Sorce C, Sangster T C, Phillips T W, Cable M D and Leeper R J 2000 Phys. Plasmas 7 2578
075207-5
Chinese Physics B Volume 23
Number 7
July 2014
TOPICAL REVIEW — Magnetism, magnetic materials, and interdisciplinary research 077308
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Application of thermal stress model to paint removal by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser Zou Wan-Fang, Xie Ying-Mao, Xiao Xing, Zeng Xiang-Zhi and Luo Ying
074206
All optical method for measuring the carrier envelope phase from half-cycle cutoffs Li Qian-Guang, Chen Huan, Zhang Xiu and Yi Xu-Nong
074207
Spectral energetic properties of the X-ray-boosted photoionization by an intense few-cycle laser Ge Yu-Cheng and He Hai-Ping
074208
Transversal reverse transformation of anomalous hollow beams in strongly isotropic nonlocal media Dai Zhi-Ping, Yang Zhen-Jun, Zhang Shu-Min, Pang Zhao-Guang and You Kai-Min
074209
Phase transition model of water flow irradiated by high-energy laser in a chamber Wei Ji-Feng, Sun Li-Qun, Zhang Kai and Hu Xiao-Yang
074301
Nonlinear impedances of thermoacoustic stacks with ordered and disordered structures Ge Huan, Fan Li, Xia Jie, Zhang Shu-Yi, Tao Sha, Yang Yue-Tao and Zhang Hui
074302
Integrated physics package of a chip-scale atomic clock Li Shao-Liang, Xu Jing, Zhang Zhi-Qiang, Zhao Lu-Bing, Long Liang and Wu Ya-Ming
074401
Flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over a hyperbolically stretching sheet A. Ahmad, S. Asghar and A. Alsaedi (Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover)
074701
Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics axisymmetric stagnation flow and heat transfer due to an axisymmetric shrinking/stretching sheet with viscous dissipation and heat source/sink Dinesh Rajotia and R. N. Jat
074702
Molecular dynamics simulations of the nano-droplet impact process on hydrophobic surfaces Hu Hai-Bao, Chen Li-Bin, Bao Lu-Yao and Huang Su-He
074703
Influence of limestone fillers on combustion characteristics of asphalt mortar for pavements Wu Ke, Zhu Kai, Wu Hao, Han Jun, Wang Jin-Chang, Huang Zhi-Yi and Liang Pei PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES
075201
Balmer-alpha and Balmer-beta Stark line intensity profiles for high-power hydrogen inductively coupled plasmas Wang Song-Bai, Lei Guang-Jiu, Liu Dong-Ping and Yang Si-Ze
075202
Mitigation of energetic ion debris from Gd plasma using dual laser pulses and the combined effect with ambient gas Dou Yin-Ping, Sun Chang-Kai, Liu Chao-Zhi, Gao Jian, Hao Zuo-Qiang and Lin Jing-Quan
075203
Characteristics of wall sheath and secondary electron emission under different electron temperatures in a Hall thruster Duan Ping, Qin Hai-Juan, Zhou Xin-Wei, Cao An-Ning, Chen Long and Gao Hong
075204
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet utilizing Ar and Ar/H2 O mixtures and its applications to bacteria inactivation Cheng Cheng, Shen Jie, Xiao De-Zhi, Xie Hong-Bing, Lan Yan, Fang Shi-Dong, Meng Yue-Dong and Chu Paul K
075205
Effect of passive structure and toroidal rotation on resistive wall mode stability in the EAST tokamak Liu Guang-Jun, Wan Bao-Nian, Sun You-Wen, Liu Yue-Qiang, Guo Wen-Feng, Hao Guang-Zhou, Ding Si-Ye, Shen Biao, Xiao Bing-Jia and Qian Jin-Ping
075206
Toroidicity and shape dependence of peeling mode growth rates in axisymmetric toroidal plasmas Shi Bing-Ren
075207
DD proton spectrum for diagnosing the areal density of imploded capsules on Shenguang III prototype laser facility Teng Jian, Zhang Tian-Kui, Wu Bo, Pu Yu-Dong, Hong Wei, Shan Lian-Qiang, Zhu Bin, He Wei-Hua, Lu Feng, Wen Xian-Lun, Zhou Wei-Min, Cao Lei-Feng, Jiang Shao-En and Gu Yu-Qiu
075208
Efficiency and stability enhancement of a virtual cathode oscillator Fan Yu-Wei, Li Zhi-Qiang, Shu Ting and Liu Jing
075209
Mode transition in homogenous dielectric barrier discharge in argon at atmospheric pressure Liu Fu-Cheng, He Ya-Feng and Wang Xiao-Fei
075210
Shockwave–boundary layer interaction control by plasma aerodynamic actuation: An experimental investigation Sun Quan, Cui Wei, Li Ying-Hong, Cheng Bang-Qin, Jin Di and Li Jun (Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover)
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES 076101
Small-angle X-ray analysis of the effect of grain size on the thermal damage of octahydro-1, 3, 5, 7tetranitro-1, 3, 5, 7 tetrazocine-based plastic-bounded expolsives Yan Guan-Yun, Tian Qiang, Liu Jia-Hui, Chen Bo, Sun Guang-Ai, Huang Ming and Li Xiu-Hong
076102
Quantum confinement and surface chemistry of 0.8–1.6 nm hydrosilylated silicon nanocrystals Pi Xiao-Dong, Wang Rong and Yang De-Ren
076103
Spectroscopic and scanning probe analysis on large-area epitaxial graphene grown under pressure of 4 mbar on 4H-SiC (0001) substrates Wang Dang-Chao and Zhang Yu-Ming
076104
Ferromagnetism on a paramagnetic host background in cobalt-doped Bi2 Se3 topological insulator Zhang Min, L¨u Li, Wei Zhan-Tao, Yang Xin-Sheng and Zhao Yong
076105
Physical properties of FePt nanocomposite doped with Ag atoms: First-principles study Jia Yong-Fei, Shu Xiao-Lin, Xie Yong and Chen Zi-Yu
076301
Effect of size polydispersity on the structural and vibrational characteristics of two-dimensional granular assemblies Zhang Guo-Hua, Sun Qi-Cheng, Shi Zhi-Ping, Feng Xu, Gu Qiang and Jin Feng
076401
Characteristics of phase transitions via intervention in random networks Jia Xiao, Hong Jin-Song, Yang Hong-Chun, Yang Chun, Shi Xiao-Hong and Hu Jian-Quan
076403
Electrical and optical properties of indium tin oxide/epoxy composite film Guo Xia, Guo Chun-Wei, Chen Yu and Su Zhi-Ping
076501
Dynamic thermo-mechanical coupled response of random particulate composites: A statistical two-scale method Yang Zi-Hao, Chen Yun, Yang Zhi-Qiang and Ma Qiang
076801
Fabrication of VO2 thin film by rapid thermal annealing in oxygen atmosphere and its metal–insulator phase transition properties Liang Ji-Ran, Wu Mai-Jun, Hu Ming, Liu Jian, Zhu Nai-Wei, Xia Xiao-Xu and Chen Hong-Da CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
077101
Interaction and spin–orbit effects on a kagome lattice at 1/3 filling Liu Hai-Di, Chen Yao-Hua, Lin Heng-Fu, Tao Hong-Shuai and Wu Jian-Hua
077102
First-principles study of structural, electronic and optical properties of ZnF2 Wu Jian-Bang, Cheng Xin-Lu, Zhang Hong and Xiong Zheng-Wei
077103
Hybrid density functional studies of cadmium vacancy in CdTe Xu Run), Xu Hai-Tao, Tang Min-Yan and Wang Lin-Jun
077104
A theoretical investigation of the band alignment of type-I direct band gap dilute nitride phosphide alloy of GaNx Asy P1−x−y /GaP quantum wells on GaP substrates ¨ L Unsal, ¨ O B G¨on¨ul and M Temiz (Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover)
077105
Influence of temperature on strain-induced polarization Coulomb field scattering in AlN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors L¨u Yuan-Jie, Feng Zhi-Hong, Lin Zhao-Jun, Guo Hong-Yu, Gu Guo-Dong, Yin Jia-Yun, Wang Yuan-Gang, Xu Peng, Song Xu-Bo and Cai Shu-Jun
077201
Design consideration and fabrication of 1.2-kV 4H-SiC trenched-and-implanted vertical junction fieldeffect transistors Chen Si-Zhe and Sheng Kuang
077202
A novel solution-based self-assembly approach to preparing ultralong titanyl phthalocyanine sub-micron wires Zhu Zong-Peng, Wei Bin, Zhang Jian-Hua and Wang Jun
077301
Lattice structures and electronic properties of CIGS/CdS interface: First-principles calculations Tang Fu-Ling, Liu Ran, Xue Hong-Tao, Lu Wen-Jiang, Feng Yu-Dong, Rui Zhi-Yuan, and Huang Min
077302
Efficiency of electrical manipulation in two-dimensional topological insulators Pang Mi and Wu Xiao-Guang
077303
Effect of annealing on performance of PEDOT:PSS/n-GaN Schottky solar cells Feng Qian, Du Kai, Li Yu-Kun, Shi Peng and Feng Qing
077304
Non-recessed-gate quasi-E-mode double heterojunction AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor with high breakdown voltage Mi Min-Han, Zhang Kai, Chen Xing, Zhao Sheng-Lei, Wang Chong, Zhang Jin-Cheng, Ma Xiao-Hua and Hao Yue
077305
Effect of alumina thickness on Al2 O3 /InP interface with post deposition annealing in oxygen ambient Yang Zhuo, Yang Jing-Zhi, Huang Yong, Zhang Kai and Hao Yue
077306
A low specific on-resistance SOI LDMOS with a novel junction field plate Luo Yin-Chun, Luo Xiao-Rong, Hu Gang-Yi, Fan Yuan-Hang, Li Peng-Cheng, Wei Jie, Tan Qiao and Zhang Bo
077307
High dV /dt immunity MOS controlled thyristor using a double variable lateral doping technique for capacitor discharge applications Chen Wan-Jun, Sun Rui-Ze, Peng Chao-Fei and Zhang Bo
077401
Formation of epitaxial Tl2 Ba2 Ca2 Cu3 O10 superconducting films by dc-magnetron sputtering and triple post-annealing method Xie Wei, Wang Pei, Ji Lu, Ge De-Yong, Du Jia-Nan, Gao Xiao-Xin, Liu Xin, Song Feng-Bin, Hu Lei, Zhang Xu, He Ming and Zhao Xin-Jie
077502
Modulation of magnetic properties and enhanced magnetoelectric effects in MnW1−𝑥 Mo𝑥 O4 compounds Fang Yong, Zhou Wei-Ping, Song Yu-Quan, L¨u Li-Ya, Wang Dun-Hui and Du Yu Wei
077503
Substituting Al for Fe in Pr(Al𝑥 Fe1−𝑥 )1.9 alloys: Effects on magnetic and magnetostrictive properties Tang Yan-Mei, Chen Le-Yi, Wei Jun, Tang Shao-Long and Du You-Wei
(Continued on the Bookbinding Inside Back Cover)
077504
Degradation of ferroelectric and weak ferromagnetic properties of BiFeO3 films due to the diffusion of silicon atoms Xiao Ren-Zheng, Zhang Zao-Di, Vasiliy O. Pelenovich, Wang Ze-Song, Zhang Rui, Li Hui, Liu Yong, Huang Zhi-Hong and Fu De-Jun
077601
An electron spin resonance study of Eu doping effect in La4/3 Sr5/3 Mn2 O7 single crystal He Li-Min, Ji Yu, Wu Hong-Ye, Xu Bao, Sun Yun-Bin, Zhang Xue-Feng, Lu Yi and Zhao Jian-Jun
077801
What has been measured by reflection magnetic circular dichroism in Ga1−𝑥 Mn𝑥 As/GaAs structures? He Zhen-Xin, Zheng Hou-Zhi, Huang Xue-Jiao, Wang Hai-Long and Zhao Jian-Hua
077802
Pure blue and white light electroluminescence in a multilayer organic light-emitting diode using a new blue emitter Wei Na, Guo Kun-Ping, Zhou Peng-Chao, Yu Jian-Ning, Wei Bin and Zhang Jian-Hua
077901
Self-organized voids revisited: Experimental verification of the formation mechanism Song Juan, Ye Jun-Yi, Qian Meng-Di, Luo Fang-Fang, Lin Xian, Bian Hua-Dong, Dai Ye, Ma Guo-Hong, Chen Qing-Xi, Jiang Yan, Zhao Quan-Zhong and Qiu Jian-Rong INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
078101
Microwave absorption properties of a double-layer absorber based on nanocomposite BaFe12 O19 /α-Fe and nanocrystalline α-Fe microfibers Shen Xiang-Qian, Liu Hong-Bo, Wang Zhou, Qian Xin-Ye, Jing Mao-Xiang and Yang Xin-Chun
078102
Improved interfacial and electrical properties of GaSb metal oxide semiconductor devices passivated with acidic (NH4 )2 S solution Zhao Lian-Feng, Tan Zhen, Wang Jing and Xu Jun
078401
Hybrid phase-locked loop with fast locking time and low spur in a 0.18-µm CMOS process Zhu Si-Heng, Si Li-Ming, Guo Chao, Shi Jun-Yu and Zhu Wei-Ren
078402
Four-dimensional parameter estimation of plane waves using swarming intelligence Fawad Zaman, Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi, Fahad Munir and Zafar Ullah Khan
078703
Image reconstruction from few views by ℓ0 -norm optimization
078904
Sun Yu-Li and Tao Jin-Xu Row–column visibility graph approach to two-dimensional landscapes Xiao Qin, Pan Xue, Li Xin-Li, Mutua Stephen, Yang Hui-Jie, Jiang Yan, Wang Jian-Yong and Zhang Qing-Jun GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, AND ASTROPHYSICS
079401
Experimental verification of the parasitic bipolar amplification effect in PMOS single event transients He Yi-Bai and Chen Shu-Ming
