POWER SCENARIO OF BANGLADESH: A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON POWER SECTOR OF BANGLADESH
SUBMITTTED BY: Humayun Rashid (ET-113038) Jubair Islam (ET-113040) Sashwata Guha (ET-113031) Mostafa Tanim Kowsar (ET-113036) Mostafa Nayan (ET-113033) Md. Arif Hossain (ET-113035) Md. Nur Kabir (ET-113037)
Faculty of Science & Engineering
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering International Islamic University Chittagong
POWER SCENARIO OF BANGLADESH: A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON POWER SECTOR OF BANGLADESH
This thesis report is submitted to the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the course of Research Methodology.
AUTHORS Humayun Rashid Matric ID: ET-113038
Jubair Islam Matric ID: ET-113040
Sashwata Guha Matric ID: ET-113031
Mostafa Tanim Kowsar Matric ID: ET-113036
Mostafa Nayan Matric ID: ET-113033
Md. Arif Hossain Matric ID: ET-113035
Md. Nur Kabir Matric ID: ET-113037
SUPERVISED BY: Prof. Md. Imam Hussain Dept Of Statistics, University Of Chittagong
______________________________________________________________________________
Faculty of Science & Engineering
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering International Islamic University Chittagong ii
THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALY LEFT BLANK
iii
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to our beloved parents. -Authors
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
All praises and gratitude to Almighty ALLAH for giving us the capability to undertake and complete this thesis for our study. We express our gratitude, sincere appreciation and profound respect to the supervisor MD. Imam Hussain, Professor, Dept. Of Statistics, University Of Chittagong for his valuable guidance, continuous advice, encouragement, contribution of new ideas and cordial assistance at all stages that enabled us to complete the work successfully. We are also grateful to our parents and fellow classmates to enhance our spirit and interest towards this topic by providing us enthusiastic encouragement. In this thesis we have tried our best to achieve our goal. In early stages, many individuals have contributed towards this thesis to gather information and directions relative to our thesis. We would like to render our gratitude and grateful thanks to each one of them.
-Authors
v
ABSTRACT
Power sector of Bangladesh is a challenging sector and development of power sector is dependent on many factors. In this research, a brief discussion on Power scenario of Bangladesh has demonstrated with recent information and data. A total review of Power generation, transmission and distribution is demonstrated and also power crisis of Bangladesh and future plans and programs of Power sector has been discussed. A details study on Power plant of Bangladesh & Power demand and production is also demonstrated.
vi
THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALY LEFT BLANK
vii
CONTENTS DEDICATION ..................................................................................................ivv Acknowledgement ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Abstract ..............................................................................................................vii Chapter 1: .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. INTRODUCTION................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………….Erro r! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 Objectives of this research…………………………………………….….2 1.3 Research methodology……………………………………………………2 Chapter 2: ............................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION TO POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION &DISTRIBUTION………………………………………………………….….4 2.1 Power generation…………………………………………………….……4 2.2 Methods of generating electricity…………………………………………4 2.3 Power transmission………………………………………………….…….5 2.4 Power distribution…………………………………………………………Error! Bookmark not defined. Chapter 3: ............................................................................................................ 6 AN OVERVIEW OF POWER PLANT………………………………………6 3.1 What is Power plant………………………………………………………6 3.2 Types of Power plant……………………………………………….…….6 3.3 Requirement for Power plant Design…………………………….………7 3.4 Principle of Power plant design …………………………………...…….7 viii
Chapter 4: ............................................................................................................ 8 PRESENT STRUCTURE OF POWER SECTOR ………………………….8 4.1 Present structure for power generation, transmission & distribution ......... 8 4.2 The Bangladesh Energy Regulatory ........................................................... 8 4.3 Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB)………………………..9 4.4 Ashuganj Power Station.............................................................................. 9 4.5 Electricity Generation company Of Bangladesh ...................................... 10 4.6 North-West Power Generation Company ................................................. 10 4.7 Rural Power Company Limited…………………………………………10 4.8 Power Grid Company Of Bangladesh …………………………………11 4.9 Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC) …………………………..11 4.10 DESCO Power Distribution Company…………………………..……12 4.11 WEST ZONE POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY………………..12 4.12 Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board………………………………13 Chapter 5: .......................................................................................................... 14 PRESENT POWER SITUATION OF BANGLADESH……..…..…..…….14 5.1 Bangladesh‟s Power Sector at a Glance (July 2014)………….……….14 5.2 Generation Capacity (July, 2014)………………………………………14 5.3 Present Generation Capacity (November, 2013)………………………14 5.4 Year wise Maximum Power Generation……………………………….15 5.5 Demand in Banglaedsh…………………………………………………15 5.6 Installed Capacity of BPDB Power Plants as on November 2014 ……...16 ix
Chapter 6: .......................................................................................................... 17 LIST OF POWER STATIONS IN BANGLADESH………...……….….…17 6.1 Coal fired Power Station………………………………………………...17 6.2 Oil and Gas fired Thermal……………………………………….……..17 6.3 Gas turbines……………………………………………………….…….17 6.4 Gas engines………………………………………………………….…..18 6.5 Hydroelectric……………………………………………………….…...18 6.6 Nuclear…………………………………………………………….…… 18 Chapter 7:……………………………………………………………….…….19 MAJOR POWER PLANTS OF BANGLADESH………………………….19 7.1 Karnafuli Hydro Power Station………………………………….……..19 7.2 Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant………………………………….………20 7.2.1 Why Nuclear Power recommended……………………….……..21 7.3 Barapukuria Coal Mining ……………………………………….………22 7.4 Rampal Power Station (Proposed)……………………………….……..23 7.4.1 Enviromental fact & issues about Rampal Power Station ….…..24 7.5 Haripur Combined-Cycle Power Plant …………………………….…...24 Chapter 8: .......................................................................................................... 25 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN BANGLADESH…………………………………….25 8.1 Renewable energy………………………………………………………25 8.1.1 Solar Power Projects……………………………………………...26 8.1.2 Wind Power Projects……………………………………………...29 8.1.4 Demand in Banglaedsh……………………………………………30 8.1.5 Micro/Mini Hydro Projects…………………………………….…30 8.2 Energy Efficiency Measures……………………………………………30 x
8.3 Research Activities ……………………………………………………...31
Chapter 9: .......................................................................................................... 32 POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION IN BANGLADES………………………………………..………………………….….32
9.1 Power Generation Of Bangladesh………………………………………32 9.2 Power Transmission Of Bangladesh…………………………………….36 9.3 Power Distribution Of Bangladesh………………………………………37 Chapter 10: ........................................................................................................ 40 POWER LOSS OF TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION.……..…….….40 10.1 Power loss……………………………………………………….……...40 10.2 Year wise Power Loss Statistics……………………………….………40 10.3 Presentation of Power loss in graph analysis …………………………..41 Chapter 11: ........................................................................................................ 42 YEAR-WISE PROBABLE ELECTRICITY DEMAND AND SUPPLY ...42 11.1 Retirement of Power Plant…………………………………………….42 11.2 Year-wise Projected Power Demand and Supply………………….….44 Chapter 12:……………………………………………………………………45 PROJECTS & PLANS ………………………………………………………………..45 12.1 POWER SYSTEM MASTER PLAN 2010 (PSMP 2010) ……………..45 12.2 Generation, Transmission and Distribution Plans……………………...47 12.2.1 Generation Plan………………………………………………….47 12.2.2 Transmission Plan……………………………………………….48 xi
12.2.3 Distribution Plan………………………………………………...48 12.3 Projects…………………………………………………………………50 12.3.1 Power Generation Projects………………………………………50 12.3.2 Transmission Projects of PGCB…………….………………….51 12.3.3 Power Distribution Project…………………….………………..51 Chapter 13:…………………………………………………………………...53 ACHIEVEMENTS IN POWER SECTOR……………………………….………53 13.1 POWER SYSTEM MASTER PLAN 2010 (PSMP 2010) ……..……..53 13.2 Medium Term (Revised Plan)………………………………….......…56 Chapter 14:…………………………………………………………………....62 CAUSES OF ELECTRICITY CRISIS & POWER CRISIS IN BANGLADESH & CHALLENGE OF POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT………………...…62
14.1 High Gas Dependency………………………………………..………62 14.2 Improper Privatization Policy…………………………………...……62 14.3 Lack of timely Implementation of Allocated Money…………...…..63 14.4 Political Reason………………………………………………………..63 14.5 Challenges of Power Sector Development……………………………64 Chapter 15: ........................................................................................................ 65 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………….…65 REFERENCE……………………………………………………..…………..67
xii
Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.Introduction: Bangladesh is a small developing country with limited indigenous energy resources. Per capita Consumption of energy in Bangladesh is one of the lowest in the world. Present consumption of Energy and electricity in the country is about 200 KGOE/year and 130 KWh/year respectively in which about 65% of its per capita energy is derived from biomass resources. In recognition of the importance of energy in socio-economic development, the Government has given continuing attention to the overall development of the energy sector. But up to now, it has not been possible to achieve reasonable success in meeting the growing demands and the gap between the projected demand and the supply serve is increasing day by day because of inadequacy of indigenous resources, improper planning, unreliable policies and decisions on the development of power sector. Like many other developing countries, Bangladesh is facing enormous challenges to provide affordable, reliable and equitable energy supply to its citizens. About 25% of the population has only access to electricity. Consumption of energy and electricity in per capita terms is one of the lowest in the world. Noncommercial energy sources, such as wood, animal wastes, and crop residues, are estimated to account for 65% of the country's energy consumption. In recognition of the importance of energy in socio-economic development, the Government of Bangladesh has formulated and approved the National Energy Policy (NEP) in which two different projections of energy and electricity were made covering the time horizon up 2020 aiming at sustainable development. BPDB had also carried out a twenty years “Power System Master Plan” (PSMP) for the time horizon 1996. In 1996 the government issued the "Private Sector Power Generation Policy of Bangladesh" and began to solicit proposals from international companies for Independent Power Producers (IPPs). Several structural changes in the Power Sector were also made for accelerating the power sector development. However, over the years, significant development in the power sector has not been realized. Moreover, the gap between the demand and the availability of supply of energy, in particular, electricity, has been increasing year in and year out. Presently, the shortages of electricity and commercial energy have become a persistent problem in the country. In our research, we have tried to study on whole power scenario of Bangladesh including generation, transmission & distribution. A details study on power plants of Bangladesh and power crisis of Bangladesh has been discussed. Our main objective is to provide a genuine power scenario of Bangladesh which will help to learn about power sector of Bangladesh thus it will be helpful for improvement of our power system.
Page | 1
1.2.Objectives of this research: Objectives of this research are discussed below. 1. Overall brief discussion: Overall brief discussion on power sector of Bangladesh will be discussed with proper recent information and data. 2. Study on data analysis: Study on data analysis of power generation, transmission and distributions of Bangladesh will be discussed. Proper and recent data from verified sources will be presented in chart and diagram. 3. Study on major power plants: We will also focus on major power plants of Bangladesh and their features. It will help to understand which kind of power plants is reliable for power generation, transmission and distribution of Bangladesh. 4. Study on Plans and achievement: We will study on current and future plans for power sector of Bangladesh and also we will show present and past achievements of Power sector to get an idea how actually our power sector is developing day by day. 5. Study on Power crisis and challenges: There will be a study on present power crisis of Bangladesh. We will also discuss which challenges are making obstacle in the way of power development and there will a discussion on how we can solve our power related problems. 1.3.Research methodology: In this research, we have used different research techniques to achieve our objectives. 1. Literature Review: Literature review is one of the most important things for every research and we will also start our research by reviewing various literature. We will collect and review all recent years latest informative power related literatures and we will review them for our required information and data. 2. Data Collection: In our research, we have shown different data of recent years power generations, transmissions and distributions. We have also demonstrated power sector plans and achievements through data based study. All these data are collected from verified sources and references. Most data are collected from respective Power Stations‟ annual reports, performance analysis reports, review and overall year based review
Page | 2
on our power developments on various literatures. We have also collected data from various respective websites of Power Stations and Power Organizations. 3. Data Analysis: We have analysis the data for verifying the sources and to achieve accurate information To analysis the data, we have reviewed multiples sources for same data and analysis how close are the results or how much difference are showing between those reports. Later we used chart diagram and graph diagram to demonstrate our data analysis. .
Page | 3
Chapter-2 INTRODUCTION TO POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION
The production and distribution of electricity is one of the most complicated and capitalintensive industrial processes in the world. The effort of thousands of people and the investment of billions of dollars are necessary to ensure the reliable electric service that Americans enjoy.
2.1. Power generation: Power generation is the process of generating electric power from other sources of primary energy. The fundamental principles of power generation were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday. His basic method is still used today: power is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc of copper between the poles of a magnet. For electric utilities, it is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. The other processes, electricity transmission, distribution, and electrical power storage and recovery using pumped-storage methods are normally carried out by the electric power industry. Electricity is most often generated at a power station by electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat fueled by chemical combustion or nuclear fission but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind. Other energy sources include solar photovoltaic and geothermal power. 2.2.Methods of generating electricity:
Static electricity, from the physical separation and transport of charge (examples: turboelectric effect and lightning) Electromagnetic induction, where an electrical generator, dynamo or alternator transforms kinetic energy (energy of motion) into electricity. This is the most used form for generating electricity and is based on Faraday's law. It can be experimented by simply rotating a magnet within closed loops of a conducting material (e.g. copper wire) Electrochemistry, the direct transformation of chemical energy into electricity, as in a battery, fuel cell or nerve impulse Photovoltaic effect, the transformation of light into electrical energy, as in solar cells Thermoelectric effect, the direct conversion of temperature differences to electricity, as in thermocouples, thermopiles, and thermionic converters. Piezoelectric effect, from the mechanical strain of electrically anisotropic molecules or crystals. Researchers at the US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley
Page | 4
National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have developed a piezoelectric generator sufficient to operate a liquid crystal display using thin films of M13 bacteriophage. Nuclear transformation, the creation and acceleration of charged particles (examples: beta voltaic or alpha particle emission)
2.3. Power transmission: Power transmission is the movement of energy from its place of generation to a location where it is applied to performing useful work. Power transmission is usually performed with overhead lines as this is the most economical way to do so. Underground transmission by high-voltage cables is chosen in crowded urban areas and in high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) submarine connections. 2.4. power distribution: An electric power distribution system is the final stage in the delivery of electric power; it carries electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. Distribution substations connect to the transmission system and lower the transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging between 2 kV and 35 kV with the use of transformers. Primary distribution lines carry this medium voltage power to distribution transformers located near the customer's premises. Distribution transformers again lower the voltage to the utilization voltage of household appliances and typically feed several customers through secondary distribution lines at this voltage. Commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines through service drops. Customers demanding a much larger amount of power may be connected directly to the primary distribution level or the sub transmission level.
Page | 5
Chapter-3 AN OVERVIEW OF POWER PLANT
3.1. What is Power plant: A power plant is assembly of systems or subsystems to generate electricity, i.e., power with economy and requirements. The power plant itself must be useful economically and environmental friendly to the society. The present book is oriented to conventional as well as non-conventional energy generation. While the stress is on energy efficient system regards conventional power systems viz., to increase the system conversion efficiency the supreme goal is to develop, design, and manufacturer the non-conventional power generating systems in coming decades preferably after 2050 AD which are conducive to society as well as having feasible energy conversion efficiency and non-friendly to pollution, keeping in view the pollution act. The subject as a whole can be also stated as modern power plants for power viz electricity generation in 21st century. The word modern means pertaining to time. At present due to energy crisis the first goal is to conserve energy for future while the second step is to develop alternative energy systems including direct energy conversion devices, with the devotion, dedication and determination remembering the phrase, “Delve and Delve Again till wade into”.
3.2. Types of Power plant: Power plants are mainly two types: 1. Conventional
Steam Engines Power Plants. Steam Turbine Power Plants. Diesel Power Plants. Gas Turbine Power Plants. Hydro-Electric Power Plants. Nuclear Power Plants.
2. Non-conventional
Page | 6
Thermoelectric Generator. Thermionic generator. Fuel-cells Power Plants. Photovoltaic solar cells Power System. MHD Power Plants. Fussion Reactor NPP Power System. Biogas, Biomass Energy Power system.
Geothermal Energy. Wind Energy Power System. Ocean Thermal energy conversion (OTEC). Wave and Tidal Wave. Energy Plantation Scheme.
3.3. Requirement for Power plant Design: The factor to be kept in view while designing a power station are follows: 1. Economy of Expenditure should be minimum a. Capital Cost. b. Operating and maintenance cost. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Safety of plant and human resources. Reliability. Efficiency. Ease of maintenance. Good working conditions. Minimum transmission loss.
3.4. Principle of Power plant design: Principles of power plant are described below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Page | 7
Low capital cost. Reliability of supplying power. Low maintenance cost. High efficiency. Low cost of energy generated. Reserve capacity to meet future power demand. Simplicity of design.
Chapter-4 PRESENT STRUCTURE OF POWER SECTOR
4.1. Present structure for power generation, transmission & distribution: Present structure of Power sector can be described by below: Apex Institution: 1. Power Division 2. Ministry of Power 3. Energy & Mineral Resources (MPEMR)
Regulator: -Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission (BERC)
Generation: 1. Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) 2. Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. (APSCL) 3. Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB) 4. North West Power Generation Company Ltd. (NWPGCL) 5. Independent Power Producers (IPPs)
Transmission: -Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd (PGCB)
Distribution: 1. Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) 2. Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC) 3. Dhaka Electric Supply Company Ltd (DESCO) 4. West Zone Power Distribution Company (WZPDC) Rural Electrification Board (REB)
4.2. The Bangladesh Energy Regulatory: Commission was established on March 13, 2003 through a legislative Act of the Government of Bangladesh. The commission became effective on April 27, 2004 with the appointment of two, of the five member commission including the chairman. The chairman was appointed on June 4, 2005 .The Commission has been established with the vision “To make provisions for the establishment of an independent and impartial regulatory commission for the energy sector” Commission‟s missions include: 1. Enforcement of fiscal discipline of the energy sector. 2. Introduction of performance targets and incentive-based regulation. 3. Introduction of uniform operational standards and quality of supply. 4. Transparency in tariff determination and economic efficiency. 5. Increased opportunities for development of competitive markets. 6. Increased opportunities for efficiency and economic growth. 7. Public involvement into the energy sector. Page | 8
4.3.Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB): Bangladesh Power Development Board is a statutory body created in May 1, 1972, by presidential Order No. 59 after bifurcation of erstwhile Bangladesh Water and Power Development Authority. BPDB started its operation with Installed Generation capacity of only 200 MW. Installed Generation capacity (August 2014) has increased to 10618 MW.The BPDB is responsible for major portion of generation and distribution of electricity mainly in urban areas except Dhaka and West Zone of the country. The Board is under the Power Division of the Ministry of power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Government of Bangladesh. BPDB has taken a massive capacity expansion plan to add about 10500 MW Generation capacities in next 5 years to achieve 24000 MW Capacity according to PSMP-2010 by 2021 with the aim to provide quality and reliable electricity to all the people of Country for desired economic and social development. The power system has been expanded to keep pace with the fast growing demand. 4.4.Ashuganj Power Station: Ashuganj Power Station is the second largest power station in Bangladesh. The present total power (electricity) generation capacity of its 7 units is 671 MW. As a part of the Power Sector Development and Reform Program of the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. (APSCL) has been incorporated under the Companies Act 1994 on 28 June 2000. The Registration No. of APSCL is 40630 (2328) / 2000. Ashuganj Power Station (APS) Complex (with its Assets and Liabilities) had been transferred to the APSCL through a Provisional Vendor‟s Agreement signed between BPDB and APSCL on 22 May 2003. All the activities of the company started formally on 01 June 2003. From that day the overall activities of the Company along with operation, maintenance and development of the Power Station are vested upon a Management Team consisting of the Managing Director, the Director (Technical) & the Director (Finance). According to the Articles of Association of the Company, 51% of total shares is held by BPDB and the rest 49% is distributed among Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Planning, Power Division, MOPEMR & Energy Division, MOPEMR of GOB. Electricity generated in this power station is supplied to the national grid and it is distributed to the consumers throughout the whole country through the national grid. This power station plays a significant role in the national economic development by generating more than 10% of total demand for electricity in the country. In this power station, Natural Gas from Titas Gas Transmission & Distribution Company Ltd. is used as fuel. Water from the Meghna is used through in-take channels for steam generation and cooling of generated steam and used water (for cooling) is again thrown into the Meghna through discharge channels. Huge water from the discharge channels are used for Page | 9
irrigation in the dry season. It is known that about 36,000 acres of land of Ashuganj are irrigated by this water. 4.5.Electricity Generation company Of Bangladesh: On 23rd November 1996 BPDB formed Meghnaghat Power Company (MPC) Ltd.On 16th February 2004 the Meghnaghat Power Company (MPC) Ltd. has been re-named as Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB) Ltd. (an Enterprise of BPDB). Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB) Ltd. (An Enterprise of Bangladesh Power Development Board) was incorporated with Registrar of joint stock companies on February 16, 2004 to produce and sale of Electricity. EGCB has a plan to become a leading electricity generation company across the country. Electricity generation-related business services are among the fastest growing and key area of the economy, EGCB intends to capitalize on the opportunity in that area. The company's major share is currently held by BPDB. 4.6.North-West Power Generation Company: Electricity is the driving force of modern civilization as well as the back-bone of all development activities of the country. But the present generation capacity of the country is not sufficient enough to meet the prevailing load demand of the country and causes insurmountable impedance to the development activities in industrial, commercial, agricultural and other social sectors. Furthermore, the load demand is increasing at a faster rate which needs more power plants to generate electricity for supporting the development activities for total development of the country. In spite of this, the Government is committed to provide electricity for all by 2020. To cope-up with the growing load demand as well as to comply with the policy of the Government enough generation of electricity needs to be added. 4.7.Rural Power Company Limited: Bangladesh is presently facing shortage of power and there are always load shading in some parts of the country. This is threatening to the agriculture, industry, commerce as well as the whole economy. Rural Power Company Limited is committed to reliable power generation for Rural Development and also to take part in social & economic development for rural people of the country. Rural Power Company Limited was the first Independent Power Producer (IPP) of Bangladesh and the first non-Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) entity to be licensed to take up power generation. Rural Power Company Limited is registered as a public limited company under company ACT 1913, was incorporated on 31 st December, 1994 under the company laws to build, own and operate power generation projects with business philosophy and principles. The company was established as a Pilot Project of Page | 10
Private Power Generation as per ECNEC decision on 23 rd November, 1994 to enhance the privatization in the Power sector of Bangladesh. Rural Power Company Limited has opened a new dimension of power generation in private sector of Bangladesh, because the 100% equity investment is mobilized locally. This is absolutely a National Company in the private sector. This will raise the confidence of investors in the Private Power Generation Sector. 4.8.Power Grid Company Of Bangladesh: Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd. (PGCB) was created under the restructuring process of Power Sector in Bangladesh with the objective of bringing about commercial environment including increase in efficiency, establishment of accountability and dynamism in accomplishing its objectives. PGCB was incorporated in November 1996 with an authorized capital of Tk.10 billion. It was entrusted with the responsibility to own the national power grid to operate and expand the same with efficiency. Pursuant to Government decision to transfer transmission assets to PGCB from Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) and Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA), PGCB completed taking over of all the transmission assets on 31.12.2002. Since then, PGCB is operating those efficiently and effectively. 4.9.Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC): Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC) launched prepaid power meters for domestic consumers on 1st June, 2014. State minister for power, energy and mineral resources Nasrul Hamid launched the company‟s prepaid meters project. Through the pilot project, 5,000 single-phase prepaid meters are being installed under the Azimpur Network Operation and Customer Services division on the first phase. The pilot project covers Dayra Sharif, Eden College, Salimullah orphanage, government quarters and adjacent areas of Azimpur. Another 5,000 traditional meters will be replaced by prepaid. DPDC and Bangladesh Diesel Plant Limited, a commercial enterprise under the management of Bangladesh Army, is implementing the project. Consumer will have to buy a „smart card‟ from the Network Operation and Customer Services and deposit an amount against the card. The card then needs to be inserted into the prepaid meter‟s slot to commence supply. DPDC will establish 36 vending stations to sell and recharge cards. Power supply will automatically be suspended if the credit deposited against the card is exhausted.
Page | 11
4.10.DESCO Power Distribution Company: Shortly after the creation of an independent Bangladesh, in 1972, the first Government of Bangladesh, in an effort to speed up the investment in the sector issued an Ordinance creating the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) as the successor organization of the power side of EWAPDA. The Ordinance recognized the divergence of energy related issues in development. During 1972 to 1995, BPDB has increased the generating capacity in the country to 2818 MW, and the length of its 230 and 132 KV transmission networks to 419 KM and 2469 KM. For the first time in December 1982, the eastern and western halves of the country were electrically connected through the commissioning of double circuit 230 KV transmission line across the Jamuna riever energized at 132 KV between Ishurdi and Tongi called the first East-West Interconnector. Generation sources were diversified to include a 230 MW hydropower station at Kaptai on the Karnaphuli river and natural gas and imported fuel based, open and combined cycle power plants at different locations of Eastern and Western part of the country. The distribution networks of all major towns and cities had been linked through 230 KV and 132 KV inter-ties. 4.11.WEST ZONE POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY: The Electricity Directorate was established in 1947 in order to plan and improve power supply situation of the country and subsequently EPWAPDA was constituted in 1959. After the independence of Bangladesh, “WAPDA” was divided into “Bangladesh Power Development Board” and “Bangladesh Water Development Board” by the Presidential Order 59 (PO-59) in 1972. As a result, Bangladesh Power Development Board was entrusted with the responsibilities of Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Power throughout the country. Rural Electrical Board (REB) was established by the Ordinance No-LI in the year of 1977, for the development of electricity in the rural areas for the effective benefit of rural people in October 1977. Under the reform program, Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA) was created for the better management and efficient electricity supply in Dhaka City and its adjoining districts in 1990 and after that, DESA was reformed as Dhaka Power Distribution Company Ltd. (DPDC) in 2008. Dhaka Electric Supply Company Ltd. (DESCO) was created in 1997 as a part of DESA. Under the Companies Act of 1994, Power Grid Company of Bangladesh (PGCB) was created in 1996 to oversee the transmission system. Following the reform activity, Ashuganj Power Station Complex has been converted into Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd (APSCL) in 1996. As a part of refom activies, Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB) was formed in 2004 and the North West Zone Power Generation Company Limited (NWZPGCL) was also formed in 2007. As a part of ongoing Power Sector Reforms Program by the way of unbundling the Power Sector and increasing efficiency in the area of Generation, Transmission and Distribution, West Zone Power Distribution Co. Ltd. (WZPDCL) was constituted as a electricity distribution company in November 2002 under the Companies Act 1994 as a Public Limited Company. The manpower of the Distribution Western Zone (Khulna Division, Barisal Division and Greater Faridpur comprising of 21 districts and 20 upazillas
Page | 12
excluding REB area) of erstwhile Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB), put under Lien being the employees of WZPDCL in October 1, 2003. WZPDCL signed Provisional Vendor‟s Agreement (VA) and Provisional Power Sales Agreement (PSA) with BPDB on March 23, 2005. After signing the two Agreements, the operational activities of WZPDCL commenced on April 1, 2005 by taking over the distribution system of the then Distribution Western Zone of BPDB. The employees of the BPDB joined WZPDCL in December 16, 2007 with the end of Lien and thus started functioning in WZPDCL independently according to the Company Act of 1994. 4.12.Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board: The Rural Electrification Board of Bangladesh has been providing service to rural member consumers for over 37 years. Continued support from the Government of Bangladesh, the donor community, consulting partners, and member consumers will help this program continue to expand, providing the gift of electricity to millions more Bangladeshi households, businesses, and industries. Rural Electrification Board Act, 2013 has been established instead of Rural Electrification Board Ordinance, 1977 (Ordinance No. LI of 1977) and The name of Board is Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board. Which was responsible for electrifying rural Bangladesh? Since its inception, the purpose of the program has been to use electricity as a means of creating opportunities for improving agricultural production and enhancing socio-economic development in rural areas, whereby there would be improvements in the standard of living and quality of life for the rural people.
Page | 13
Chapter-5 PRESENT POWER SITUATION OF BANGLADESH
5.1. Bangladesh’s Power Sector at a Glance (July 2014):
Generation Capacity Total Consumers Transmission Line Distribution Line Distribution Loss Per Capita Generation Access to Electricity
: 10,648 MW (Sep'2014) : 15.4 Million : 9,500 Ckt. Km : 3,03,000 km : 11.96% : 348 KWh : 68%
5.2. Generation Capacity (July, 2014):
Public Sector: 5,880 MW (55 %) Private Sector: 4,238 MW (40 % Power Import: 500 MW (5%) Total: 10,618 MW (100 %)
5.3. Present Generation Capacity (November, 2013): Public Sector
Installed Generation Capacity(MW)
BPDB
4186
APSCL
777
EGCB
622
NWPGCL
300
RPCL
77
Subtotal
5,962 (58%)
Private Sector IPPs
1655
Rental
2096
Power Import
500
Subtotal Total
Page | 14
4,251 (42%) 10,213
5.4. Year wise Maximum Power Generation: Maximum Power Generation in: 2014 : 7418.00 MW (Date:-18/07/2014) 2013 : 6675.00 MW (Date:-12/07/2013) 2012 : 6350.00 MW (Date:-04/08/2012) 2011 : 5174.00 MW (Date:-23/11/2011) 2010 : 4698.50 MW (Date:-20/08/2010) 2009 : 4296.00 MW (Date:-18/09/2009) 5.5. Demand in Banglaedsh: In the Power System Master Plan (PSMP) -2010 demand forecast was made based on 7 % GDP growth rate. The electricity development is required to be accelerated to increase access and attain economic development. The desirable economic growth rate would be about 7% p.a. Based upon this study the peak demand would be about 10,283 MW in FY2015, 17,304 MW in FY2020 and 25,199 MW in 2025. According to PSMP- 2010 Study year-wise peak demand forecast is given below. Fiscal Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Page | 15
Peak Demand (MW) 6,454 6,765 7,518 8,349 9,268 10,283 11,405 12,644 14,014 15,527 17,304 18,838 20,443 21,993 23,581 25,199 26,838 28,487 30,134 31,873 33,708
5.6. Installed Capacity of BPDB Power Plants as on November 2014: Unit Type Coal FO Gas HFO HSD Hydro Imported Total
Page | 16
Capacity(Unit) 250.00 0.00 6719.00 1963.00 783.00 230.00 500.00 10445.00
MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW
Total(%) 2.39 % 0% 64.33 % 18.79 % 7.5 % 2.2 % 4.79 % 100 %
Chapter-6 LIST OF POWER STATIONS IN BANGLADESH
Present Power Stations In Bangladesh:
Coal fired Oil and Gas fired Thermal Gas turbines Gas engines Hydroelectric Nuclear See also References External links
6.1. Coal fired Power Station: Power station
Capacity (MW) 250
Barapukuria Power Station
Turbines Coal Type
Conveyance Mine type
Capacity (MW) Location Refs 638 Ashugonj [2] [3] 950 Ghorasal [4] 60 260
6.3 Gas turbines: Power station Meghnaghat Ashuganj Haripur Golpara Barge Mymensingh Siddhirganj
Page | 17
Max. Capacity (MW) 450 146 360 56 216 240
Refs [1]
6.2. Oil and Gas fired Thermal: Power station Ashuganj Ghorasal Shikalbaha Siddhirganj
Cooling Water
Turbines 2+1 2+1 1+1
Fuel type Refs natural gas [5] natural gas [6] natural gas natural gas natural gas natural gas
6.4. Gas engines: Power station Fenchuganj Dhaka Gazipur Gopalganj Maona Raozan
Max. Capacity (MW) 51 7 53 100 35 52
Turbines 16 2 6 16 4 6
Fuel type Refs natural gas [7] natural gas natural gas natural gas natural gas natural gas
6.5. Hydroelectric: Power station Max. Capacity (MW) Turbines Refs [8] Karnafuli 230 5 6.6. Nuclear: Ruppur Nuclear Power Plant is a proposed 2,000 MW nuclear power plant. Planned to go into operation by 2020, it will be the country's first nuclear power plant.
Page | 18
Chapter-7 MAJOR POWER PLANTS OF BANGLADESH
7.1. Karnafuli Hydro Power Station: Kaptai dam is the one and only dam of Bangladesh that is used to generate hydro-electric power. The only hydropower plant in the country is located at kaptai, about 50 km from the port city of chittagong. This plant was constructed in 1962 as part of the 'Karnafuli Multipurpose Project', and is one of the biggest water resources development project of Bangladesh. The water storage capacity of the Kaptai dam is 11000 km2. After being commissioned in 1962, the plant could feed the national grid with 80 MW of electricity. In later years, the generation capacity was increased in two phases to a total of 230 MW. The plant not only plays an important role in meeting the power demand of the country but is also vital as a flood management installation for the areas downstream. Under the guidance of then Chief Engineer (Irrigation) Khwaja Azimuddin, the construction site was chosen at present location of the dam in 1951. The International Engineering Co. Inc. (IECO) was engaged for a study on the project. Utah International Inc. was selected as construction contractor. The earth-filled dam Kaptai is an earth-fill dam. It is 45.7m (36m MSL or mean sea level) high and 670.6m long. The maximum width is 7.6m and width at the foot is 45.7m. The 16-gated spillways, each 12.2m by 11.3m, can together pass a flow of 625,000 cusec. The average annual flow in the reservoir is approximately 15,646 MCM. The flood absorption capacity is 8.25 million Ac-ft and the flooded area at 33m MSL is 777 sq km. In 1962, the the dam, spillway, penstock and two units of powerhouses were built. Each of the powerhouses was capable of generating 40MW of electricity. In November 1981 another 50MW generating unit was completed. In October 1988 the 4th and 5th generating units were installed which raised the total generation capacity to 230MW. The total cost of Unit 1, Unit 2 and a part of Unit 3 was Rs. 503 million and the total cost of extension was Tk. 1,900 million. The spillways was constructed on the left side of the main dam. The 16 gated (each 12.2 m X 11.3 m) spillway have discharge capacity of 625000 cusec. The construction of these system (dam, spillways and others) required to excavate 113400 cubic m. The dead storage at 23.16m above MSL is 1.18 million ac-ft. Flood storage capacity is 0.83 million ac-ft.
Page | 19
7.2. Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant: The preparatory stage construction work on the 2000 MW Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) project is likely to begin in September this year. The preparatory stage works include civil construction of different important offices, site development, access roads, hydraulic infrastructures, loading-unloading facilities of equipment, jetties at rivers, laboratories, flood protection structures, and also other utilities. According to a highly placed source at the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Rosatom, the Russian contractor of the RNPP project, will start the work as the government has already made its 10% down payment to the Russian authorities against the project cost. The total project cost was estimated to be about US$ 2 billion for the first unit of the 2000 MW plant while feasibility study and relevant work and its design will cost $ 500 million. The government signed a number of agreements with Rosatom to implement the project. After completion of the works covered under the 3rd agreement, the government is expected to sign the fourth and final agreement of the project in third quarter of 2016 which will provide the scope for start of the foundation of the main nuclear power project, the installation of the nuclear reactor. After completion of the preparatory stage works, Bangladesh will need to take two important licenses from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as prerequisite for start of the foundation work of the plant. The licenses are site license and nuclear power plant construction license. Contacted, State Minister for Science and Technology Yeafesh Osman told UNB that the work on the RNPP goes on as per the plan of his ministry. The government signed the first memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Russian government in 2009 and then singed a number of deals with Russian state-owned nuclear agency Rosatom. As per the deals, Russia will finance the project under a supplier's credit mode. Under a deal, Russia will provide $ 500 million loan to finance engineering surveys on the site, project development and personnel training. The $ 500 million loan will be repaid in 12 years with a five-year grace period, and another $ 1.5 billion loan is expected from Russia for the final construction of the plant which will be repaid in 28 years with 10 years grace period. The IAEA continues its close involvement with the project.
Page | 20
7.2.1. Why Nuclear Power recommended:
The site at Rooppur, by the River Padma, was chosen more than 50 years ago for a 10MWe prototype nuclear power plant on purely political grounds by the then Pakistani Junta (in 1961). No site selection procedure or environmental impact assessment was ever conducted, but the present government wants to build not just one but two 1000 MWe units on the same site. The River Padma is now heavily silted due to extraction of as much as 75 per cent of water during the lean summer months by India using Farakka Barrage only 40km upstream of the proposed site.
The Bangladesh government seems to have been blinded by the Russian offer to build a nuclear power plant and provide the loans for it. No consideration has been given to the suitability of the proposed plant (VVER-1000) or its safety standards. The VVER-1000 is quite outdated. Its safety standards fall so short that even in Russia the construction of one of the VVER-1000 plants was cancelled in 2008. Former Soviet block countries had to agree to decommission VVER-400 and VVER1000 reactors before being allowed to join the EU. So why is Bangladesh now accepting such an outdated, unsafe and discarded model.
The Minister in Charge and the Chairman of the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission claim that Russia will build each of these units of VVER-1000 for $2 billion. However, Russia has said nothing at all to that effect. Of this $2billion, $500million will be spent on an exhibition centre, feasibility studies etc. The remaining $1,500 million is inadequate as a similar plant in China, with quality third party parts, is costing $4,500 million.
Bangladesh has no technical expertise or skilled manpower to undertake such a complex and high tech project. On top of that, the country has no industrial infrastructure and the transport system is absolutely rudimentary. Most of the materials to be used in the plant such as the quality assured high grade stainless steel, pipes, valves, pumps and other components will have to be imported and the cost will simply be prohibitive.
Bangladesh has no institutional and regulatory framework to undertake a complex project like this and consequently safety standards will be seriously impaired. The Minister in Charge claimed that Russia has assured Bangladesh of the safety of the plant; whereas the Russian state owned company, Rosatom (reactor vendor) has rightly asserted that the responsibility of ensuring safety lies with the licensee (Bangladesh government). The Bangladesh authorities seem to be unaware of the legal implications of the licensing regime.
It seems no consideration has been given to technical issues associated with the storage, transportation and disposal of radioactive material and radioactive waste. The government claims radioactive waste materials will go to Russia but Russia has said no such agreement has been reached.
Given these shortcomings and insurmountable impediments, the Bangladesh government should seriously consider abandoning this project. The risk of mismanaging a nuclear power plant is the inevitable occurrence of a nuclear accident and the consequences are simply mind boggling – thousands, if not millions, of
Page | 21
people will be exposed to high doses of radiation, large swathes of arable land will be contaminated with radioactive materials and the country will be lumbered with billions of dollars of compensation. When advanced countries like Germany, Italy, Switzerland have all given up nuclear power plants and with Japan is tapering down nuclear power production after the Fukushima disaster, Bangladesh seems to be charging ahead recklessly. A grand vision is meaningless without competence, judgement and knowledge.
7.3. Barapukuria Coal Mining: The Barapukuria coal deposit was discovered in 1985 while the Geological Survey of Bangladesh (GSB) drilled a wild-cat borehole to investigate a negative gravity anomaly in the area. Since then , a total of 35 deep boreholes were drilled, delimiting the area of coal resources and determining the structure, and the coal seam characteristics in terms of thickness and quality.
The surface geology over the entire project area comprises the Tertiary Dupi Tila formation, which unconformably overlays the Gondwana (Permian) coal-bearing sediments. These are folded into an asymmetric syncline or basin, whose axis strikes approximately north-south. A major fault forms the eastern limit of the deposit, beyond which, Archaean basement rocks (Pre-Cambrian) are present immediately below the Dupi Tila. Several lesser faults were identified within the coal basin by geophysical seismic survey.
The Gondwana sequence comprises predominantly sandstones, with subordinate siltstones and mudstones, which contain up to six coal seams in the centre of the basin. The lowest of these, Seam VI is the principal target seam of the mine project, and has an average thickness of 36m. It consists of a weakly-caking bituminous coal with average sulphur content of about 0.53% making it an ideal fuel for power generation, which is the primary identified market for the coal. In-seam inclusions of dirt (non-coal material) are variable, but mainly restricted to the uppermost and lowermost sections of the seam.
The western, northern and southern limits of the deposit are formed by the subcrop of seam VI beneath the basal Dupi Tila unconformity.
An in-situ reserve base of more than 200 Mt of coal has been calculated for the entire area. Recovery will be constrained by mine layout, method of extraction, and the number of slices to be mined, all of which will be dependent on experience gained during the initial production phases.
Currently, the mine has adopted Long Wall Top Coal Caving (LTCC) method to yield maximum quantity and in full swing production is going on as per schedule of production and coal is being sold to Barapukuria 250MW Thermal Power Plant and rest to other buyers.
Page | 22
7.4. Rampal Power Station (Proposed): Megawatt coal-fired power station at Rampal Upazila of Bagerhat District in Khulna,Bangladesh. It is a joint partnership between India's state owned National Thermal Power Corporation and Bangladesh Power Development Board. The joint venture company is known as Bangladesh India Friendship Power Company (BIFPC). The proposed project, on an area of over 1834 acres of land, is situated 14 kilometres north of the world's largest mangrove forest Sundarbans which is a UNESCO world heritage site. It will be the country's largest power plant. In August 2010, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) and India's state-owned National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) where they designated to implement the project by 2016.[4] On January 29, 2012, the Bangladesh Power Development Board signed an agreement with NTPC to build the plant. The joint venture company is known as Bangladesh India Friendship Power Company (BIFPC). The BPDB and the NTPC agreed to implement the project on a 50:50 equity basis. The NTPC will set up and operate the plant. Bangladesh and India will equally share up to 30 per cent of the capital of this project as equity. The remainder of the capital, which might be equivalent to USD 1.5 billion, will be taken as bank loans with help from the NTPC. According to the sources in the Bangladesh Power Division, the joint venture company will enjoy a 15-year tax holiday. This project violates the environmental impact assessment guidelines for coal-based thermal power plants. It is imperative to add that the acquisition of land for the plant has been done by ousting farming communities and in violation to the legal sequence of "Environmental Report First, Acquisition Second The late report on the environmental hazard such as SO2 emission rate has been falsely conducted on a "Rural area and farmstead" standard; not mentioning the hyper sensitive forest zone. On August 1 2013 Department of Energy of Bangladesh approved construction, but then changed its stance and set 50 preconditions for the project.But the location of the plant, 14 kilometers from the Sundarbans, violates one of the basic preconditions which says such projects must be outside a 25-kilometer radius from the outer periphery of an ecologically sensitive area. The Rampal station is against The Ramsar Convention. The Ramsar Convention is the only global environmental treaty that deals with the preservation of wetlands. Bangladesh signed the convention in 1992. Sundarbans and Tanguar Haor are marked as Ramsar area. The authority of the global body expressed worry about the proposed plant. The plant will need to import 4.72 million tons of coal per year. This massive freight will need about 59 ships each having 80,000-ton capacity that would be taken to the port on the bank of Poshur river. The 40 kilometers from the port to the plant cuts through the Sundarbans and it includes the river flow path. Environmentalists say these coal-carrying vehicles are not often covered as they scatter large amounts of fly ash, coal dust and sulfur, and other toxic chemicals are released throughout the life of the project.
Page | 23
7.4.1 Enviromental fact & issues about Rampal Power Station : The predictions made by environment and ecology experts are that the plant will release toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and sulphur dioxide, thereby putting the surrounding areas and, most importantly, Sundarban at grave risk. According to a report published in New Age, in past few years the Indian central and state authorities which deal with environmental concerns in India denied the proposal of NTPC to set up a similar coal-fired thermal power plant at Gajmara in Gadarwara of Madhya Pradesh over a number of points. NTPC failed to get approval of the Indian Central Green Panel (Green Tribunal) in 2010 for the construction of that coal-fired thermal power plant because a vast portion of double-crop agricultural land reportedly comprised the site, a similar situation to Rampal.
7.5. Haripur Combined-Cycle Power Plant: The 412MW (megawatt) gas-fired Haripur Combined-Cycle Power Plant, the largest public sector power plant. The state-run EGCB has constructed the plant with the assistance of Marubeni Corporation of Japan as the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractor. The plant will require 64mm cfd gas to operate in full capacity while production cost of per unit of electricity will be Tk1.7154. Land Lease Agreement was signed between EGCB and Power Development Board on 29 August, 2011 for 8.573 acres of land at Haripur area on rental basis for a period of 25 years. The government implemented the power project at a cost of $376m with financial support from Japan International Cooperation Agency (Jica). Though some 56 plants have added over 4282MW of electricity to the national grid during the last four and half years, dependence on rental and quick-rental power plants ranging from 20-150MW has put huge burden on the national coffers. The government has plans to build 11 gas-based plants under both public and private sectors, producing 3500MW of electricity. Sources at the PDB said, electricity generation in the country yesterday was about 6000MW against a projected demand for 7000MW.
Page | 24
Chapter-8 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN BANGLADESH
8.1. Renewable energy: Government has set up the goal of providing electricity to all by 2020 and to ensure reliable and quality supply of electricity at a reasonable and affordable price. Sustainable social and economic development depends on adequate power generation capacity of a country. There is no other way for accelerating development except to increase the power generation by fuel diversification. Development of Renewable Energy is one of the important strategies adopted as part of Fuel Diversification Program. In line with the Renewable Energy policy 2009, the Government is committed to facilitate both public and private sector investment in Renewable Energy projects to substitute indigenous non- renewable energy supplies and scale up contributions of existing Renewable Energy based electricity productions. The Renewable Energy Policy envisions that 5% of total energy production will have to be achieved by 2015 and 10% by 2020. To achieve this target, GOB is looking for various options preferably Renewable Energy resources. Under the existing generation scenario of Bangladesh, Renewable Energy has a very small share to the total generation. The share of Renewable Energy exceeds more than 1% till now. The present Government is placing priority on developing Renewable Energy resources to improve energy security and to establish a sustainable energy regime alongside of conventional energy sources. Government has already launched "500 MW Solar Power Mission" to promote the use of Renewable Energy to meet the increasing demand of electricity. Government of Bangladesh has taken a systematic approach towards renewable energy development. In line with the Government approach Bangladesh Power Development Board formed the Ddirectorate of Renewable Energy and Research & Development in 2010. Since the very beginning of establishment the directorate is dedicated to keep a sign for the enhancement of Renewable Energy use in power sector. There is a good scope for solar, wind, biomass, micro/mini hydro power generation in Bangladesh. BPDB has taken systematic steps for developing Renewable Energy projects as well as implement and promote Energy Efficiency Measures for the last few years to achieve the target of the Renewable Energy Policy 2008. The directorate is established for feasibility study, planning, evaluation, examination, monitoring of such projects and to perform necessary research based works in relative fields. Present manpower of the directorate consists of the director, two deputy director, five assistant engineers and six staffs.
Page | 25
8.1.1. Solar Power Projects:
Implemented Projects:
Under the Hill Tracts Electrification Project BPDB has already implemented three solar projects in Juraichori Upazilla, Barkal Upazilla and Thanchi Upazilla of Rangamati District. Under 1st, 2nd and 3rd Phases, 1200 sets Solar Home Systems of 120 Wp each, 30 sets Solar PV Street Light Systems of 75 Wp each, 3 sets Solar PV Submersible Water Pumps of 1800 Wp each, 6 stes Solar PV Vaccine Refrigerators for the Health Care Centers of 360 Wp each and 2 sets 10 kWp capacity Centralized Solar System for market electrification has been installed. So, a total of 173.81 kWp Solar PV Systems have been installed in Juraichori, Barkal and Thanchi upazilla of Rangamati District under the Hill Tracts Electrification Project. In the fiscal year 2008-09, BPDB implemented another two solar electrification projects in Angoorpota and Dohogram Chit Mohol. Under this program, BPDB implemented 2 sets Solar Home System of 50Wp each, 2 sets Solar Home System of 80Wp each and 8 sets Solar Home System of 100Wp each. A total of 1.06 kWp Solar PV Systems have been installed in Angoorpota and Dohogram Chitmohol. BPDB implemented 20.16 KWp Solar PV System and that was inaugurated by Prime Minister at the Office of the Prime Minister on December 2009 Major solar PV systems implemented by BPDB in the fiscal year 2010-2011 are as follows: 1. 32.75 kWp at WAPDA Building, Motjheeel. 2. 2.82 kWp at Chairman Banglo, BPDB. 3. 6 kWp at Agrabad Bidyut Bhaban, Chittagong. 4. 1.8 kWp at Cox's BPDB Rest House. Major solar PV systems implemented in the fiscal year 2011-2012 are as follows: 1. 37.5 kWp Solar Roof Top System on15th floor of Bidyut Bhaban. 2. 3 kWp at PC Pole Factory, Chittagong. 3. 3 kWp at Khagrachori BPDB Rest House. 4. 2.16 kWp at Swandip Power House and Rest House. 5. 2.16 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, HatHajari. 6. 3.12 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Fouzdarhat. 7. 3.12 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Rangamati. 8. 1.6 kWp Solar Power System at Titas 50 MW Peaking Power Plant. 9. 1.6 kWp Solar Power System at t Baghabari 50 MW Peaking Power Plant. 10. 1.6 kWp Solar Power System at Bera 70 MW Peaking Power Plant. 11. 1.5 kWp Solar Power System at Chittagong Power Plant. 12. 3.5 kWp Solar Power System at Ghorashal Power Plant. In the fiscal year 2012-2013 BPDB has implemented the following solar PV systems: 1. 4 kWp Solar Power System at Khulna Power Station. 2. 1.6 kWp Solar Power System at Faridpur 50 MW Peaking Power Plant. 3. 1.6 kWp Solar Power System at Goplagonj 100 MW Peaking Power Plant. 4. 2 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Bakolia. Page | 26
5. 2 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Pathorghata and Madarbari. 6. 2 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Stadium. 7. 2 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Agrabad. 8. 2 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Halishohor. 9. 2 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Khulshi. 10. 2 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Pahartoli. 11. 2 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Mohora. 12. 2 kWp at Distribution Division, Patiya. 13. 2 kWp at Distribution Division, Bandarban. 14. 6 kWp at Regional Civil Construction Division, Medical centre and Magistrate Building. 15. 2 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Feni. 16. 2 kWp at Sales & Distribution Division, Chowmuhuni, Noakhali. 17. 1 kWp Solar Power System at the non-residential building and 2 kWp Solar Power System athe residential building of Santahar 50 MW Peaking Power Plant. 18. 1 kWp Solar Power System at the non-residential building and 2 kWp Solar Power System at the residential building of Katakhali 50 MW Peaking Power Plant. 19. 1.6 kWp Solar Power System at Dohazari 100 MW Peaking Power Plant. 20. 27.2 kWp Solar Power System at Chandpur 150 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant. 21. 25 kWp Grid Tied Power System at Chittagong Power Station.
Ongoing Projects:
1. 650 KWp (400 kW load) Solar Mini Grid Power Plant at remote Haor area of Sullah upazila in Sunamgonj district under Climate Change Trust Fund (CCTF) on turnkey basis. 2. 8 MWp Grid Connected Solar PV Power Plant at Kaptai Hydro Power Station,at Rangamati on turnkey basis. 3. 3 MWp Grid Connected Solar PV Power Plant at Sharishabari, Jamalpur on IPP basis. 4. 30 MWp Solar Park Project adjacent to new Dhorola Bridge, Kurigram on IPP basis. 5. Solar Street Lighting Projects in seven (7) City Corporations of the country. N.B Installation of Solar Roof Top Systems in all BPDB offices across the country is a continuous process. More than 223 kWp solar PV systems have already been installed and installations of about 407 kWp solar PV systems are under planning/implementing stages.
Page | 27
Projects under Planning:
1. Conversion of existing 37.5 kWp Solar System installed on the rooftop of Bidyut Bhaban into 37.5 kWp Grid Tied Solar System 2. Conversion of existing 32.75 kWp Solar System installed on the rooftop of WAPDA Bhaban into 32.75 kWp Grid Tied Solar System 3. Rehabilitation of 10 KWp Solar Power Plant at the Barkal upazilla sadar of Rangamati district. 4. BPDB has planned to install Grid Connected Solar PV Power Plant on IPP basis such asi) 1 MW Grid Connected Solar Power Plant at Regional Training Centre (RTC), Rajshahi. ii) 500 kWp Grid Tied Solar System at 33/11 kV substation's compound of former Hajigonj Electric Supply, Chandpur. 5. BPDB has planned to install Solar Mini Grid Power Plant on turnkey basis under Climate Change Trust Fund (CCTF) at remote and inaccessible areas such asi) 500 kW Solar Mini Grid Power Plant at Swandip Upazila of Chittagong district. ii) 500 kW Solar Mini Grid Power Plant at Thanchi Upazila of Bandarban district. 6. BPDB has planned to implement Solar Park Projects on IPP/PPP basis under the Roadmap of ADB‟s 500 MW Solar Power Mission such asi) Rangunia 60 MW Solar Park Project on IPP basis at Karnafuli river side, Rangunia, Chittagong ii) 40-45 MW Solar Park Project adjacent to Bangabandhu Bridge,Tangail and Sirajgonj area. iii) 2-3 MW Solar Park Project adjacent to PGCB Grid Sub-station compound, Ishwardi. iv) 1-2 MW Solar Park Project adjacent to PGCB Grid Sub-station compound, Jhenaidaha.
Page | 28
8.1.2. Wind Power Projects:
Implemented Projects: The potential of wind energy is limited to coastal areas, off-shore islands, rivers sides and other inland open areas with strong wind regime. In order to generate electricity from Wind Energy, BPDB installed 4x225 KW = 900 KW capacity grid connected Wind Plant at Muhuri Dam area of Sonagazi in Feni. Another project of 1000 KW Wind Battery Hybrid Power Plant at Kutubdia Island was completed in 2008 which consists of 50 Wind Turbines of 20 kW capacity each.
Ongoing Projects: 1. Repairing work of the existing 900 kW grid connected Wind Power Project at Muhuri Dam of Sonagazi in Feni is going on. 2. Repair and operation & maintenance of the existing Kutubdia 1000 kW Wind Battery Hybrid Power Project is underway 3. Steps have been taken to install 15 MW Wind Power Plant across the coastal regions of Bangladesh after 1 year Wind Resources Assessment in Muhuri Dam Area of Feni, Mognamaghat of Cox‟sbazar, Parky Beach of Anwara in Chittagong, Kepupara of Borguna and Kuakata of Patuakhali. Wind Mapping is going on at Muhuri Dam area of Feni and at Mognamaghat of Cox‟sbazar by Regen Powertech Ltd. of India. 4. Installation of Wind Monitoring Stations at Inani Beach of Cox'sbazar, Parky Beach of Anwara, Sitakundu of Chittagong and at Chandpur under USAID TA project is underway
Projects under Planning: 1. BPDB has planned to implement 50-200 MW Wind Power Project at Parky Beach area, Anawara in Chittagong on IPP basis. 2. Power Division and BPDB have primarily identified 22 potential sites for Wind Resource Mapping in Bangladesh. Wind monitoring stations will be installed at these sites for comprehensive Wind Resource Assessment (WRA). 3. BPDB has also plan to expand On-shore Wind Power Plants along the coastline of coastal regions of Bangladesh.
Page | 29
8.1.3. Hybrid Projects:
Ongoing Projects: 1. 7.5 MW off Grid Wind-Solar Hybrid System with HFO/Diesel Based Engine Driven Generator in Hatiya Island, Noakhali.
8.1.4. Micro/Mini Hydro Projects:
Implemented Projects: Micro/ mini-hydro have limited potential in Bangladesh with exception of Chittagong Hill Tracts region. A 50 kW micro-hydro plant was installed at Barkal Upazila of Rangamati district in 2005.
Ongoing Projects: 1. 50-70 kW Mohamaya Irrigation-cum-Hydro Power Project at Mirersorai, Chittagong. 2. Rehabilation of 50 kW Micro-Hydro Power Plant at Barkal Upazila of Rangamati district.
Projects under Planning: 1. Micro-hydro power projects on the potential streams/charas/rivers of CHT regions will be implemented after detail Feasibility Study.
8.2. Energy Efficiency Measures: For energy saving purposes and encourage the use of CFLs by consumers, free CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) Distribution Program in different offices of BPDB along with headquarter has been conducted. CFLs, T-5 tube light instead of incandescent bulb will be installed in all offices of BPDB in different phases. For the efficient use of energy, steps have been taken to encourage/promote the use of heat reflective glasses for Passive Cooling of commercial buildings, Solar Powered Security Lighting in urban buildings and replacement of Diesel/Electric Pumps by Solar Irrigation Pumps, replacement of Electric/Gas Dryer by Solar Dryer, replacement of Electric/Gas Heater by Solar Water Heater among the consumers of distribution zones of BPDB. In addition to that energy efficiency measures, alternative and renewable energy subjects have been introduced in the national Text Book Curriculum of schools, madrasas and colleges. Energy Star labeling Program has been started by BSTI to motivate the users to use energy efficient appliances. Electricity Week Program has already been launched since 2010 with a view to promote energy savings campaigns at consumer and school level. This program is nationally observed on 7th December each year.
Page | 30
8.3. Research Activities: Alongside these projects Directorate of Renewable Energy & Research and Development is also continuing it‟s own research works in different renewable energy sectors. At this moment engineers of the directorate are constructing fully operational prototype based Wind Turbine System, Hydro Emulator Set, Solar Power Converter. The wind turbine system consists of three different types of turbine technology including horizontal axis and vertical axis turbine. The total capacity of the system is expected to be 200 W depending on wind velocity. Complete design, assembly and installation of the turbine system has been done by the respective engineers. The Hydro Emulator Set will be a small prototype based hydro turbine system which consists of two different type of turbine technology, Pelton wheel and Kaplan turbine. The turbine system will run from a small water reservoir tank. Generation capacity of the two turbines is expected to be 20 W. The complete design of the Emulator Set has been done by the engineers of the respective directorate. The engineers of the directorate are also trying to design Solar Power Converter with innovative ideas and new concept. All the prototypes will be installed at the concern office Lab.
Page | 31
Chapter-9 POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION IN
BANGLADESH
9.1. Power Generation Of Bangladesh: Bangladesh's energy infrastructure is quite small, insufficient and poorly managed. The per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh is one of the lowest (321 kWH) in the world. Noncommercial energy sources, such as wood fuel, animal waste, and crop residues, are estimated to account for over half of the country's energy consumption. Bangladesh has small reserves of oil and coal, but very large natural gas resources. Commercial energy consumption is mostly natural gas (around 66%), followed by oil, hydropower and coal. Electricity is the major source of power for most of the country's economic activities. Bangladesh's installed electric generation capacity was 10289 MW in January, 2014 only three-fourth of which is considered to be „available‟. Only 62% of the population has access to electricity with a per capita availability of 321 kWh per annum. Problems in the Bangladesh's electric power sector include corruption in administration, high system losses, delays in completion of new plants, low plant efficiencies, erratic power supply, electricity theft, blackouts, and shortages of funds for power plant maintenance. Overall, the country's generation plants have been unable to meet system demand over the past decade. Sl. No
1
2 3
4 5 6
Power Generation Projects Completion in 2010 (April-December) Name of the power plant
Capacity (MW)
Public Sector Sikalbaha 150 MW Peaking Plant 150 EPC: M/S Synohydro Corporation Ltd., China. Siddhirganj 2X120 MW Peaking Plant 120 (EGCB) EPC: BHEL Fenchuganj 90 MW CCPP (BPDB) 90 EPC: M/S Harbin Power Eng. Co. (HPE) Private Sector Ashuganj – 3 yrs 62 Sponsor: Precision Energy ltd. Fenchuganj – 3 Yrs rental 50 Sponsor: Energy Prima Ltd. Bogra –3 yrs rental 20 Sponsor: Energy Prima Ltd.
Page | 32
Type of Fuel
Expected Commissioning Date
Gas/Oil June, 2010
Gas Gas
June, 2010 unit) July, 2010
Gas
April, 2010
Gas
July, 2010
Gas
------
(2nd
7 Bheramara , 3 years rental 8 Thakurgaon, 3 years rental 9. Noapara, 5 years rental 10 Barisal, 5 years rental Total (Under Construction):
Diesel Diesel HFO HFO
July, 2010 June, 2010 November, 2010 December, 2010
Power Generation Projects Completion in 2011(Jan.-December)
Sl No.
Description
1 2
Faridpur; Peaking Dohazari, Chittagong; Peaking Baghabari ; Peaking Hathazari Doudkandi,Comilla; Peaking Katakhali, Rajshahi; Peaking Bera, Pabna; Peaking Gopalganj; Peaking Santahar,Nawgaon; Peaking Sylhet 150 MW CCPP Chandpur 150 MW CC
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total
100 50 100 50 792
Capacity (MW)
Ownership
Fuel
Expected Commissioning Date
PUBLIC SECTOR 50 BPDB 100 BPDB
HFO HFO
August, 2011 August, 2011
50 100 50
BPDB BPDB BPDB
HFO HFO HFO
September, 2011 September, 2011 September, 2011
50
BPDB
HFO
December, 2011
70 100 50
BPDB BPDB BPDB
HFO HFO HFO
September, 2011 August, 2011 December, 2011
Gas Gas
December, 2011 December, 2011
150 BPDB 150 BPDB PRIVATE SECTOR 920
Power Generation Projects Completion in 2012 (Jan.-December)
Sl. No.
Description
1 2 3 4
Ghorasal; Peaking Khulna 150 MW GT Sirajganj 150 MW GT Kaptai Solar
5 6
Katakhali Peaking Plant, Rajshahi Syedpur Peaking Plant
7
Jamalpur Peaking Plant
8
Chapai Nababganj
Page | 33
Capacity (MW)
Ownership
PUBLIC SECTOR 200 BPDB 150 (NWPGC) 150 (NWPGC) 5 BPDB PRIVATE SECTOR 50 IPP (BPDB) 100 IPP (BPDB) 100 IPP (BPDB) 100 IPP
Fuel
Expected Commissioning Date
Gas / Diesel Gas/Oil Gas/Oil Solar
June, 2012 June, 2012 June, 2012 June, 2012
HFO
April, 2012
HFO
April, 2012
HFO
May, 2012
HFO
May, 2012
9
Comilla Peaking
50
10
Khulna Peaking
100
11
Wind
100
12
Solar
9
13 14 15
Tangail Chandpur Bhola Combined Cycle Power Plant (2nd unit) Keraniganj CC Madanganj CC Bibiana 300-450 MW CCPP (1st Unit) Bibiana 300-450 MW CCPP (2nd Unit) Meghnaghat 300450 MW CCPP (2nd unit) Duel Fuel
20 15 100
(BPDB) IPP (BPDB) IPP (BPDB) IPP (BPDB) IPP (BPDB) IPP (REB) IPP (REB) IPP
100 100 200
15
PDB & RPCL
150
16 17 Total
Gazipur RAUJAN
50 20 2269
16 17 7 4 5
Gas/HFO
May, 2012
HFO
May, 2012
Wind
June, 2012
Solar
January, 2012
HFO HFO Gas
June, 2012 June, 2012 June, 2012
IPP IPP IPP
Gas/HFO Gas/HFO FGas
July, 2012 July, 2012 August, 2012
200
IPP
Gas
October, 2012
200
IPP
Gas/HFO
October, 2012
Gas/HFO
June, 2012
Gas/HFO Gas/HFO
June, 2012 June, 2012
MIXED PDBRPCL JV RPCL RPCL
Power Generation Projects Completion in 2013(Jan.-December)
Sl No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Page | 34
Description
Siddirganj 2x150 GT Bhola 150 MW CCPP Barapukuria 125 MW Coal (3rd Unit) Ashuganj 150 CCPP Savar Peaking Plant, Dhaka Kaliakair Peaking Plant, Gazipur Bibiana 300450 MW CCPP (1st unit)
Capacity (MW)
Ownership
Fuel
Expected Commissioning Date
PUBLIC SECTOR 300 (EGCB) 150 (BPDB)
Gas Gas
June, 2013 June, 2013
125
Coal
June, 2013
(BPDB)
150 APSCL Gas June, 2013 PRIVATE SECTOR 100 IPP Gas/HFO January, 2013 100
IPP
Gas/HFO January, 2013
100
IPP
Gas
August, 2013
8
Serajganj 300450 MW CCPP( Power Cell) Bhola Combined Cycle Power Plant (2nd unit) Keraniganj CC Madanganj CC Bibiyana 300450 MW CCPP (2nd Unit) Meghnaghat 300-450 MW CCPP (2nd Unit) Duel Fuel
9
10 11 12
13
Total
IPP
Gas
June, 2013
50
IPP
Gas
June, 2013
50 50 100
IPP IPP IPP
Gas/HFO July, 2013 Gas/HFO July, 2013 Gas October, 2013
100
IPP
Gas/HFO October, 2013
1675 Power Generation Projects Completion in 2014(Jan.-December)
Sl No.
Description
Capacity (MW)
Ownership
PUBLIC SECTOR Haripur 360 MW CCPP 360 (EGCB) Bheramara 360 MW 360 (NWPGC) CCPP Siddirganj 450 MW 450 (EGCB) CCPP 1170
1 2 3 Total
300
Fuel
Expected Commissioning Date
Gas Gas
June, 2014 June, 2014
Gas
June, 2014
Power Generation Projects Completion in 2015 (Jan.-December)
Sl No.
Description
1
Chittangong
2
Khulna South
Total
Page | 35
Capacity (MW) 1300 1300 2600
Ownership
Fuel
PPP (Joint Vent.)/IPP PPP (Joint Vent.)/IPP
Coal
Expected Commissioning Date March, 2015
Coal
March, 2015
9.2. Power Transmission Of Bangladesh: Electric-power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating power plants to electrical substations located near demand centers. This is distinct from the local wiring between high-voltage substations and customers, which is typically referred to as electric power distribution. Transmission lines, when interconnected with each other, become transmission networks. The combined transmission and distribution network is known as the "power grid" in the United States, or just "the grid". In the United Kingdom, the network is known as the "National Grid".
Major Completed Transmission Projects
SI. No. 1
Project Name
Date of Completion June, 2010
2
Aminbazar-Savar 132kV Transmission Line & Savar 132kV Substation Naogaon-Niamatpur 132kV Transmission Line
3
Ashuganj-Shahajibazar 132kV Single Circuit Transmission Line
June, 2010
4
Ishurdi-Baghabari-Sirajganj-Bogra 230kV Transmission Line
June, 2009
5
Ishurdi-Khulna 230kV Transmission line
June, 2009
6
Shunt Compensation at Substation by Capacitor Bank (132kV level)
June, 2010
7
National Load Dispatch Centre
June, 2010
8
Three Transmission Line Projects
June, 2011
9
Bibiyana-Comilla (North) 230 kV Transmission Line
June, 2013
June, 2010
Ongoing Projects
SN
Projects Name
Status
1
400/230/132 Network Development project
2
Enhancement of Capacity of Grid Substations and Transmission Line (Phase-I) Ashuganj-Bhulta 400 kV Transmission line
DPP submitted to Planning commission DPP under preparation
3 4
Aminbazar-Maowa -Mongla 400 kV & Mongla -Khulna(S) 230 kV Transmission line (NG3)
5
Anowara - Meghnaghat 400 kV Transmission line (NG4)
6
Western region transmission network development project.
Page | 36
PQ tender under evaluation. F/S is going on by WB finance. Draft F/S report submitted. F/S is going on by WB finance. Draft F/S report submitted. F/S consultant appointment
7 8
Matarbari-Madunaghat 400kV transmission line Rural Transmission Network Development & Renovation Project Electricity interconnection between Tripura and Eastern Region of Bangladesh. Upgradation of Existing Ashuganj-Fenchuganj 132 kV line and construction of new Ashuganj Ghorasal 230 kV line
9 10
under process. F/S completed. DPP under preparation. PDPP submitted. PDPP submitted.
9.3. Power Distribution Of Bangladesh: Power distribution system is the final stage in the delivery of electric power; it carries electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. Distribution substations connect to the transmission system and lower the transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging between 2 kV and 35 kV with the use of transformers. Primary distribution lines carry this medium voltage power to distribution transformers located near the customer's premises. Distribution transformers again lower the voltage to the utilization voltage of household appliances and typically feed several customers through secondary distribution lines at this voltage. Commercial and residential customers are connected to the secondary distribution lines through service drops. Customers demanding a much larger amount of power may be connected directly to the primary distribution level or the subtransmission level.
List of Projects of Bangladesh BPDB
1. Power Distribution System Development, Mymensingh Zone 2. Power Distribution System Development, Chittagong Zone 3. Power Distribution System Development, Comilla Zone 4. Power Distribution System Development, Sylhet Zone 5. Power Distribution System Development, Rangpur Zone 6. Power Distribution System Development, Rajshahi Zone Total (BPDB) REB 1. 10 lakh new connection 2. RE upgradation project(Rajshahi, Rangpur, Khulna & Barisal) Page | 37
Completion Date 2014-15
Project cost Project objective (Cr Tk.) 637.76 12,466 new connection
2015-16
981.53
10,384 new connection
2015-16
478.96
60,000 new connection
2015-16
410.00
69,000 new connection
2015-16
650.65
77,100 new connection
2015-16
673.87
33,009 new connection
3833.00
2012-13 2012-13
348.00 1322.00
10 lakh new connection Substation & line upgradation
3. RE Expansion Dhaka Division-1 4. RE Expansion ChittagongSylhet Division-1 5. RE Expansion RajshahiRangpur Division-1 6. RE Expansion Barisal Division-1 7. Efficient Lighting initiative for Bangladesh
2012-13
498.00
4100 kM line construction
2012-13
498.00
4500 kM line construction
2012-13
407.00
3400 kM line construction
2012-13
268.00
2500 kM line construction
2010-14
288.11
8. Rural Electrification Expansion Khulna Division Programme-1 9. Rural Electrification Expansion Gopalgonj Division Programme-1 10. Solar Powered Irrigation Pump & Solar Home System 11. 1.8 Million Consumer Connection through Rural Electrification Expansion 12. Electrification in Local Area (Upazila complex) by using Solar Energy (Climate Change Trust Fund) Total (REB)
2011-213
393.03
CFL Distribution areas of 70 PBS, PDB, DESCO, DPDC & WZPDCO Line Construction & Consumer connection
2011-213
23.90
Line Construction & Consumer connection
2011-2013
26.79
2012-2015
5413.35
Installation of Solar Powered Pump & Solar Home System 18 Lac new Connection
2012-2014
24.61
2993.00
DPDC 1.Development of new 132/33 December‟13 kV & 33/11kV substation 2. Rehabilitation and 2012-13 Augmentation of distribution network Total(DPDC) DESCO 1. Strengthening of distribution network 2. Upgrading & Expanding Distribution System in Gulshan Total(DESCO) WZPDC 1. 21 Districts Power Distribution Projects Total(WZPDC)
Page | 38
Installation of Solar Plants
434.00
Substation up gradation
169.00
Distribution line upgradation
603.00
2012-13
486.00
2012-13
595.00
Distribution network upgradation Distribution system upgradation
11081.00
2012-13
469.00 469.00
Up-gradation of distribution network and substation
Achievement at a glance: 3,00,300 KM
Total Distribution Lines Total Consumers Irrigation Consumer Access to electricity Distribution Loss Accounts Receivable
Page | 39
15.4 million 3.08 Lac 68% 11.96% 2.04 Equivalent months
Chapter-10 POWER LOSS OF TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION
10.1. Power loss: Power loss is one of the key performance indicators. To achieve desirable performance and viability of the sector, there is no alternative to bring down the power loss to an acceptable limit. Various measures like continuous monitoring of the performance of the utilities, reforms & target-oriented measures are underway to reduce the system loss. The power loss (distribution) comes down to 11.96% this year as against 12.03% in previous year. 10.2. Year wise Power Loss Statistics:
FY 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01 1999-00
Page | 40
BPDB
REB
11.89% 13.72% 11.95% 13.89% 12.15% 13.99% 13.06% 14.13% 13.11% 14.81% 13.58% 13.97% 14.39% 14.73% 16.58% 12.38% 19.06% 12.98% 20.00% 13.78% 21.33% 15.60% 22.35% 17.33% 24.50% 16.61% 26.11% 18.08% 27.73% 16.24%
TRANSMISSION DPDC DESCO WZPDCO DISTRIBUTION & DISTRIBUTION 8.99% 8.43% 10.97% 11.96% 14.13% 9.07% 8.44% 11.38% 12.03% 14.36% 9.87% 8.52% 11.66% 12.26% 14.61% 11.95% 8.79% 11.67% 12.75% 14.73% 13.38% 8.86% 11.73% 13.49% 15.73% 18.25% 9.79% 12.22% 14.33% 16.85% 18.44% 10.91% 13.04% 15.56% 18.45% 20.44% 13.44% 14.72% 16.26% 20.25% 20.13% 16.20% 16.21% 16.53% 21.25% 21.94% 16.64% 19.04% 17.83% 22.79% 25.62% 19.24% 22.72% 20.04% 24.49% 27.97% 21.06% 21.64% 25.69% 29.71% 26.66% 23.92% 27.97% 27.77% 29.86% 25.34% 28.43% 26.88% 32.47% 26.09% 31.60%
10.3. Presentation of Power loss in graph analysis:
Fig: Graph analysis of Power Loss
Page | 41
Chapter-11 YEAR-WISE PROBABLE ELECTRICITY DEMAND AND SUPPLY
With the pace of economic development, the use of electricity increases in industrial, agricultural and other sectors. Similarly, with an increase in purchasing-power, the domestic demand for electricity and consumption of electricity also increases. The population growth is also an important factor for increasing electricity consumption. In other words, increase in demand for electricity and consumption of electricity are the indication of continuous development. However, it is important to control electricity misuse to ensure electricity savings, efficient use of electricity and effective use of resources that are allocated to the power sector. Unplanned urbanization and rural housing increase the demand for electricity and reduce the effectiveness of electrification as well. In the absence of proper and timely repair and over-hauling, the productivity of old power plants is diminishing quickly. As well as, like other machinery, all the power plants depreciate over time. Besides, after a certain time-period some of the power plants are put on retirement which reduces the power generation capacity. Therefore, increased power generation would call for addressing the challenge of decreasing production capacity. The following list endorses all the power stations that will retire between 2011 and 2015:
11.1. Retirement of Power Plant: Seria l no
Plant name
Commissioning year
Retirement year
Power (MW)
01
Khulna Rental (03 years)
15/06/2008
2011
40
02
Kumargaon Rental (03 years)
23/07/2008
2011
48
Total
88
03
Bhola Rental (03 years)
12/07/2009
2012
33
04
Shahjibazar Rental (03 years)
13/11/2008
2012
50
Total
83
05
Ashugonj Rental (03 years)
07/04/2010
2013
55
06
Fenchugonj Rental (03 years)
June, 2010
2013
51
07
Shikolbaha Rental (03 years)
May, 2010
2013
55
Total Page | 42
161
08
Ghorashal- Max Power
March, 2011
2014
78
09
Ashugonj-B.Baria
March, 2011
2014
150
10
Ashugonj (United Ashugonj) Siddhirgonj Quick Rental
April, 2011
2014
53
March, 2011
2014
100
12
Thakurgaon Rental (03 years)
August, 2010
2014
50
13
Khulna Quick Rental
August, 2010
2014
55
14
Ghorashal Quick Rental
August, 2010
2014
145
15
KPCL BMPP (Khulna)
12/10/1998
2014
106
Seria l no
Plant name
Commissioning year
Retirement year
Power (MW)
17
Bheramara Rental (03 years)
December, 2010
2014
110
11
Total 18
897 (A) Ashugonj-B. Baria
15/11/1982
2015
40
(B) Ashugonj-B. Baria
28/03/1984
2015
18
(C) Ashugonj-B. Baria
23/03/1986
2015
40
(A) Haripur-Narayongonj
31/10/1987
2015
32
(B) Haripur-Narayongonj
15/11/1987
2015
32
(C) Haripur-Narayongonj
02/12/1987
2015
32
20
Sylhet
13/12/1986
2015
20
21
NEPC (Horipur BMPP)
30/06/1999
2015
110
22
Baghaba MBPP Westman
26/06/1992
2015
70
23
(A) Bheramara (Kushita)
28/07/1976
2015
18
(B) Bheramara (Kushita)
27/04/1976
2015
18
(C) Bheramara (Kushita)
19/01/1980
2015
18
19
Total
448
Total Retirement by 2015 : 88+83+161+897+448 =
1677
16
Pagla, Narayongonj (Quick Rental)
Page | 43
November, 2010
2014
50
In the wake of economic development, the demand for electricity is increasing at a high rate. A 12 percent annual increase of demand for electricity has also been projected in the Power Sector Master Plan. Accordingly, the demand for electricity has been estimated (in terms of demand management) to be 6500 megawatt by 2011. While the demand for electricity is increasing, the production capacity of existing power stations is falling. In spite of the existing gap between the demand for and the supply of electricity, it is projected that Bangladesh will be a power surplus country by 2012. The potential deficit/surplus of electricity during 2011 to 2016 is shown below:
11.2. Year-wise Projected Power Demand and Supply: 2011
2012
2013
2014
2015 2016
Maximum demand for electricity (including DSM) (MW)
6500
7518
8349
9268
1028 1140 3 5
Generation Capacity (MW)
8042
10116
12629
13660
Capacity Retired (MW)
88
83
161
1292
1588 1764 2 9 128 1033
New Additional Supply (both Govt. & Private sector) (MW)
2194
2157
2674
2323
2350 2800
Reliable Production Capacity (MW)
5945
7575
9578
10491
1219 1355 7 4
Deficit/ Surplus (MW)
-555
57
1229
1223
1914 2149
Page | 44
Chapter-12 PROJECTS & PLANS
12.1. POWER SYSTEM MASTER PLAN 2010 (PSMP 2010): In order to develop the Bangladesh power sector, a Power Sector Master Plan (PSMP) was in place in 2005. The PSMP 2005 was mainly based on gas with the perception that Bangladesh has abundance of gas reserve. But the reality is reverse, as such even the existing gas based power plants could not be operated due to the shortage of adequate gas pressure and gas reserve is alarmingly depleting. Meanwhile, the government has declared its vision 2021 to provide electricity for all. To accommodate the changed scenario and the govt.'s vision 2021, a new PSMP 2010 has been undertaken considering coal as dominant primary fuel for the attainment of stable power supply up to the year 2030 in consideration of the diversification of fuel resources. The PSMP 2010 has been developed with the technical assistance of JICA and has been approved by the government after a thorough sector experts review and stakeholders consultations. The Study reveals that in order to attain a 8% GDP, the electricity demand would be 34,000MW by the year 2030. The PSMP 2010 includes an optimum power development plan and identification of the potential power plant sites based on the fuel diversification study. It has been developed with fundamental conditions of the development e.g. demand forecast, procurement of primary energy resources, optimum power development plan, future optimum power supply structure including the positioning of gas-fired power plants, and so on. The fundamental objective is also to attain stable power supply by achieving the 3Es i.e, Economic Growth, Energy Security and Environmental Protection simultaneously. The government of Bangladesh set the maximum target to reduce poverty as soon as possible by achieving high economic growth, which could be achieved through a stable and efficient power system. Considering the fuel diversification issue, the PSMP 2010 aims to acquire the fuel composition ratio would be coal 50% (30% domestic coal and 20% imported coal), natural gas 25% (including LNG), 5% liquid fuel and 20% nuclear including renewable and cross-border trade, thus prioritizes the use of domestic primary energy sources. However, in this case domestic energy supplies are not enough to fulfill the rapid demand growth for electricity and natural gas, it would be necessary to tap into other power sources from abroad. To achieve the best mix of energy supply including imported resources, it would be required to use economical and stable power source in consideration of environmental protection. Especially coal will be an important resource as the primary energy supply in Bangladesh hereafter, due to i) its price Page | 45
stability and lower volatility compared with oil and natural gas, ii) longer reserve production ratio compared with oil and natural gas, and iii) wide spread availability throughout the world and is expected to be supplied stably. In order to achieve the above target the PSMP 2010 addressed the following issues: (1) Construction of imported coal power station (2) Introduction of LNG facilities (3) Construction of the oil fired power station (4) Import the electricity generated by hydro power from the neighboring countries or joint development (5) Introducing a high efficient power supply and lowCO2 emission technology (6) Improving 10 points thermal efficiency on average In line with the apparent curtailment of natural gas production, the improvement of gas utilization efficiency has become an urgent matter. To prioritize gas supply for higher efficiency power plants is very much required in order to improve the effectiveness of gas utilization in the whole power sector. Therefore, during the construction of a new power station, including the demolishment of the old power station, power expansion planning and system operation planning will be implemented in comprehensive consideration of the stability, environment and economies of scale in line with the introduction of the world‟s class efficient combined cycle power station, and high efficiency and low carbon emission thermal power technology. Therefore PSMP 2010 has stressed the need of the followings: (1) Higher efficient gas power station (2) Development of domestic coal power station (3) Reviewing O&M scheme (4) Energy conservation, Demand side management The PSMP 2010 also recommends the development of following infrastructure to cope up with the enhanced power system: (1) Construction of deep sea port (2) Improvement of the power transmission system (3) Enhancement of gas transmission line (4) Construction of fuel center (5) Strengthening the domestic waterway (6) Strengthening the railway system The PSMP 2010 recommends revising the tariff structure to recover maintenance costs and future investment for plant and equipment due to the fact that the current tariff does not envisage funding for neither appropriate maintenance nor future system expansion. While the prevailing tariff policy adheres to the cost reflection, it has also been recommended that the power development surcharge into the power tariff be introduced for the purpose of funding the development of the power system and/or energy saving projects. PSMP 2010 recommends to promote private investment and develop an environment that allows private funding and to create an effective and efficient competitive power market in order to make the power sector more effective and efficient
Page | 46
The aggregated investments for the development of the generation, transmission and related facilities are found to be at Taka 4.8 trillion (US$ 69.5 billion). The annual average of the investment amounts to Tk 241 billion (US$ 3.5 billion). The government fully recognizes the fact that public sector investment alone is not sufficient to achieve its target and has aimed at mobilizing resources from the private sector investments. The government has been promoting the development of infrastructure through the promotion of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as the policy to develop public services via private sector investment. The Master Plan as a whole, requires an annual allocation of Tk 241 billion and the amount calculated for future availability covers only 51% of the total requirement, while the remaining 49% has yet to be identified in its funding source. It is imperative that the funding source needs to be expanded and efforts should be made to increase the funding volume from each of the funding sources to fill the gap. In addition to what has been described of the conventional Sources of funds, funding can be sought to the mechanisms such as Global Environment Facility (GEF) and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) established for protection of the global climate. 12.2. Generation, Transmission and Distribution Plans: 12.2.1. Generation Plan: Power Sector Future Rolling Plan Power is the pre-condition for social and economic development. But currently consumers cannot be provided with uninterrupted and quality power supply due to inadequate generation compared to the national demand. To resolve the present shortfall and to meet the increasing demand for electricity, the government has taken an initiative to increase generation (installed) capacity to 13735 MW by 2015. For this reason installation of new power plants and the maintenance of the old power plants has been given highest priority. YEAR
Calendar Year Wise Projects Completion (From 2010 to 2015) 2010 (April- 2011 (MW) 2012 (MW) 2013 (MW) 2014 (MW) 2015 (MW) TOTAL Dec.) (MW) (MW)
Generation Addition 792
920
2269
1675
1170
2600
9426
The above capacity addition excludes the first track rental (quick rental) project (1000-1200 MW) which have been undertaken recently and would be connected to the grid within 3 –9 months.
Page | 47
New Generation Plan up to FY 2015 The existing PSMP was finalized in 2005 and the demand growth and the generation capacity are based on the demand and supply projection of that period which is shown in graph below. Due to the government new initiative generation addition scenario will be changed. A substantial increase in generation will take place within next 4-5 years. As a result demand supply gap will be minimized. It is expected that the country will be free from load shedding within 2012. 12.2.2. Transmission Plan: Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd. (PGCB) is responsible for operation, maintenance and development of transmission system all over the country. Presently power generated in various power plants in Bangladesh is transmitted to the national grid through 230 kV and 132 kV transmission lines. In 1996 when PGCB was formed, the total lengths of 230 kV and 132 kV line was 8,500 ckt km. In June, 2013 length of 230 kV and 132 kV transmission lines stood at 9,250 ckt km. The total length of the OPGW installed in the transmission line from 1996 to June, 2007 was 2200 km. This has been increased to 4300 km up to June, 2013 after completing the NLDC project. This shows that the major parts of the country are covered by the PGCB optical fiber network.
Transmission Projects of PGCB Govt. has undertaken a massive plan to strengthen the transmission system and fulfill the future demand of electricity with the aim of reaching electricity to all by 2020.
Planned Project
SN
Projects Name
1
400/230/132 Network Development project
2
Enhancement of Capacity of Grid Substations and Transmission Line (Phase-I)
3
Ashuganj-Bhulta 400 kV Transmission line
4
Aminbazar-Maowa -Mongla 400 kV & Mongla -Khulna(S) 230 kV Transmission line (NG3)
5
Anowara - Meghnaghat 400 kV Transmission line (NG4)
6
Western region transmission network development project.
7
Matarbari-Madunaghat 400kV transmission line
Page | 48
Status DPP submitted to Planning commission DPP under preparation PQ tender under evaluation. F/S is going on by WB finance. Draft F/S report submitted. F/S is going on by WB finance. Draft F/S report submitted. F/S consultant appointment under process. F/S completed.
8 9 10
Rural Transmission Network Development & Renovation Project Electricity interconnection between Tripura and Eastern Region of Bangladesh. Upgradation of Existing Ashuganj-Fenchuganj 132 kV line and construction of new Ashuganj Ghorasal 230 kV line
DPP under preparation. PDPP submitted. PDPP submitted.
12.2.3. Distribution Plan: Because of major reforms, restructuring and corporatization process of Bangladesh power sector, a number of distribution entities were formed with the objective of bringing commercial environment including increase of efficiency, accountability and dynamism with the aim of reaching electricity to all citizens by 2021. At present the following five organizations are responsible for power-distribution. In order to increase and improve power generation and customer service with an aim to bring a greater mass under electrification, major integrated power distribution programs have been undertaken. Presently the following five organizations are responsible for the distribution of power: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) Rural Electrification Board (REB) Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC) Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) West Zone Power Distribution Company (WZPDC)
Achievements The government has been extremely successful to enhance and increase the performance of the distribution entities due to continuous monitoring and evaluation. The distribution entities have also taken various steps to improve the electricity distribution system, heighten consumer satisfaction, and decrease the overall system loss. Distribution Projects To increase power generation as well as to improve customer service and bring more people under electrification, integrated power distribution programs have been undertaken. Up to June 2013, about 141.6 Lac consumers are connected with the grid through construction of 2,85,101 kilometer distribution lines. Major power distribution expansion projects of five different entities are mentioned below in Table.
Page | 49
12.3. Projects: 12.3.1. Power Generation Projects:
Fast Track Rental Project for Short Duration: Existing power shortage and demand-growth in future years is a prime concern to government. In irrigation and summer of 2011 maximum demand supply gap will be 1621 MW. To mitigate irrigation and summer load of 2011 and 2012 government is taking initiatives for rental Power Plant on fast track basis. The main features are: Fast track projects for mitigating irrigation and summer load of 2011 About 400-500 MW Rental to be commissioned by Dec‟2010 About 800 MW Rental to be commissioned by March‟2010 Contract term: 3 – 5 Years Direct negotiations with reputed rental providers
SL 1. 2. 3 4 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Total
Fast Track Rental Project: Probable Locations (As of 31 May’2010) Locations Khulna Ghorasal Siddhirgonj Madanganj Keranigonj Meghnaghat Khulna Gazipur Kadda Julda Rajshahi Naapara Pagla Katakhali
Page | 50
Capacity 55 145 100 102 100 100 115 100 100 100 50 40 50 50 1207
Fuel HSD HSD HSD HFO HFO HFO HFO HFO HFO HFO HFO HFO HSD HSD
Expected Comm. Dates July-August‟ 2010 July-August‟ 2010 Sep‟ 2010 March‟ 2011 March‟ 2011 March‟ 2011 March‟ 2011 March‟ 2011 March‟ 2011 March‟ 2011 March‟ 2011 March‟ 2011 December‟2010 March‟2011
12.3.2. Transmission Projects of PGCB:
Planned Project
SN
Projects Name
1
400/230/132 Network Development project Enhancement of Capacity of Grid Substations and Transmission Line (Phase-I) Ashuganj-Bhulta 400 kV Transmission line
2 3 4
Aminbazar-Maowa -Mongla 400 kV & Mongla -Khulna(S) 230 kV Transmission line (NG3)
5
Anowara - Meghnaghat 400 kV Transmission line (NG4)
6
Western region transmission network development project.
7
Matarbari-Madunaghat 400kV transmission line Rural Transmission Network Development & Renovation Project Electricity interconnection between Tripura and Eastern Region of Bangladesh. Upgradation of Existing Ashuganj-Fenchuganj 132 kV line and construction of new Ashuganj Ghorasal 230 kV line
8 9 10
Status DPP submitted to Planning commission DPP under preparation PQ tender under evaluation. F/S is going on by WB finance. Draft F/S report submitted. F/S is going on by WB finance. Draft F/S report submitted. F/S consultant appointment under process. F/S completed. DPP under preparation. PDPP submitted. PDPP submitted.
12.3.3. Power Distribution Project:
Power System Interface Meter: At present the government has taken massive measures to reduce system loss and increase customer satisfaction. Under this project 409 interface meters have been installed at all generating stations throughout the country and Dhaka distribution zone and transmission network at 230KV, 132KV and 33KV level. All the meters are connected with the main server which is located at Bidyut Bhaban (13th floor), Dhaka. Energy inflow/outflow, demand, voltage, current, power factor, meter tempering etc. may be known from the main server. BPDB, REB, DPDC, DESCO and WZPDC have individual workstation and can read data at some level. The interface meters have been used as billing meters. This will be extremely beneficial for the energy auditing system. Operator‟s performance will also be enhanced significantly and accountability and transparency will be established in the energy auditing system.
Remote Area Power Supply System (RAPSS): The government has already crossed some prominent hurdles in this challenging field. But our country still faces power shortages and that is the reason the GoB has set a target for providing electricity to all citizens by 2021. This electrification target is unlikely to be met by grid expansion alone, as rest of the populations live in remote areas which are far
Page | 51
away from existing grid line and sometimes isolated from the main land. Considering this overarching goal, the government has identified private sector participation as an important requirement. Since power system development is highly capital- intensive, the government encourages private sector investment to implement RAPSS. Under the RAPSS concept, private investor will be given an area (the RAPSS Area) for the development, operation and maintenance of the electricity distribution and retail supply system, including generation as a utility for a period of 20 years. The government has taken initiatives to establish solar minigrid for remote off-grid area under RAPSS where grid expansion is not planned for the next 15 to 20 years. Our government has also declared fiscal incentives as enjoyed by Independent Power Producer (IPP).
Page | 52
Pre-Paid Meter: With an aim to improve operational efficiencies, reduce financial risks and enhance customer services, BPDB had decided to install nearly 46,000 pre-paid meter in Chittagong, Bogra, Sylhet and Sirajgonj area. DESCO has installed another 13,547 pre-paid meters in Uttara, Tongi and Gulshan area. The introduction of pre-paid meters, has reduced system loss and improved power distribution significantly. Due to the success of the pre-paid meter, the government has planned to install this system all around the country.
Chapter-13 ACHIEVEMENTS IN POWER SECTOR
13.1. Short Term (Achievements and Revised Plan): During January 2011-December 2011, a total of 920MW power was planned to add to the national grid under the short term plan. Revising the plan, by December 2011 nearly 2194 MW additional electricity is planned to be added by installing 11 public power plants and 16 private power plants. Out of this, 425 MW electricity has been added to the national grid by April, 2011. The plan for power supply and implementation status by December 2011 is outlined in the following table.
Implementation Plan of Various Program by 2011:
No Name of the power plant
Installed Ownership Energy Probable Implementation/ capacity type time of progress initiation
1. Fenchuganj 90 MW 105 combined cycle power plant 2. Ashujanj 50 MW 53 power plant Total (public sector) 158 (Jan-June/11) 3. Shiddirganj 105 2X120MW peaking power plant (1st Unit)
Government Sector BPDB gas June, 2011 GT-1 test run going on, By June, 2011 commissioning can be started APSCL gas 30.4.2011 Commercial production started
EGCB
Gas
July, 2011 Since 18.06.2010 1st unit is not
functioning due to generatorsigned: problem Furnace July, 2011 Contract oil 26-04-2010. 83.2 percent work completed
4. Faridpur 50 MW peaking power plant
54
BPDB
5 Gopalganj 100 MW peaking power plant
109
BPDB
Furnace Aug, 2011 Contract signed: Oil 26-04-2010. 76.5 percent work completed
6. Dohazari 100 MW peaking plant
102
BPDB
Gas/ Aug, 2011 Contract signed: Furnace 26-04-2010. 60.11 Oil percent work completed
Page | 53
7. Hathazari 100 MW peaking Plant
98
BPDB
Gas/ September Contract signed: Furnace , 2011 26-04-2010. 60.0 percent Oil work completed
8. Bera, Pabna 70 MW peaking power plant
71
BPDB
Furnace July, 2011 Contract signed: Oil 26-04-2010. 71.0 percent work completed
No Name of the power plant
Installed capacity
Ownershi Energy Probable Implementation/ p type time of progress initiation
9. Daudkandi 50 MW peaking power plant
52
BPDB
Gas/ July, 2011 Contract signed: Furnace 13.05.2011. 75.83 oil percent work completed
10. Baghabari 50 MW peaking power plant
52
BPDB
Furnace July, 2011 Contract signed: Oil 13.05.2011. 59.4 percent work completed
11. Gazipur
50
RPCL6
Gas/ Nov, 2011 Contract signed: Furnace 24.08.2010. 25.3 percent oil work completed
(A) Total (government 693 sector) (July-Dec/12) (B) Sub-total 851 (government sector) Private Sector Rental Diesel 17.02.2011 Commercial production (BPDB) started Rental Furnace 01.04.2011 Contract signed: (BPDB) Oil 23.06.2010. commercial production has started
1. Siddirganj Sponsor: desh energy 2. Madanganj Sponsor: Summit power
100
3. Khulna Sponsor: KPCL
115
Rental (BPDB)
4. Meghnaghat Sponsor: IEL
100
Rental (BPDB)
102
5. Ghorashal 78 Sponsor: Mask Power
Page | 54
Rental (BPDB)
Furnace 15.05.2011 Contract signed: Oil 23.06.2010. 99.0 percent work completed. Run on Furnace 08.05.2011 test Contract signed: Oil
Gas
30.06.2010. commercial production has started 15.05.2011 Contract signed: 27.10.2010. 82.0 percent work completed.
No Name of the power plant
Installed capacity
Ownershi Energy Probable Implementation/ p type time of progress initiation
6. Noapara Sponsor: KhanJahan Ali
40
Rental (BPDB)
Furnace 30.05.201 Contract signed: Oil 1 25.07.2010. 93.0 percent work completed.
7. B. Baria Sponsor: Agrico
70
Rental (BPDB)
Gas
06.03.201 commercial production 1 has started
8. Ashuganj Sponsor: Agrico
80
Rental (BPDB)
Gas
05.06.201 Contract signed: 1 23.11.2010. 72.0 percent work completed
9. Keraniganj Sponsor: Power pack
100
Rental (BPDB)
Furnace June, 2011 Contract signed: Oil 08.07.2010. 72.0 percent work completed
10. Amnura, 50 Chapainawabganj Sponsor: Sinha Power
Rental (BPDB)
Furnace June, 2011 Contract signed: Oil 15.07.2010. 80.0 percent work completed
11. Siddirganj Sponsor: Dutch Bangla Power
100
Rental (BPDB)
Furnace June, 2011 Contract signed: Oil 01.07.2010. 69.0 percent work completed
12. Katakhali, Rajshahi Sponsor: NPSL
50
Rental (BPDB)
Furnace July, 2011 Contract signed: Oil 27.07.2010. 55.0 percent work completed
13. Noapara, Jessore (5 years term)
105
Rental (BPDB)
14.. Meghnaghat Sponsor: HPGL
100
Rental (BPDB)
Furnace July, 2011 Contract signed: Oil 04.02.2010. 84.0 percent work Furnace July, 2011 completed Contract signed:
15. Julda, Chittagong Sponsor: Akorn Infra Services Ltd.
100
16. Ashuganj Sponsor: 53 United Ashuganj Power Limited
Page | 55
Oil
28.06.2010. 47.0 percent work completed
Rental (BPDB)
Furnace Aug, 2011 Contract signed: Oil 06.07.2010. 60.0 percent work completed
Rental (BPDB)
Gas
20.05.2011 Contract signed: 23.12.2010. 80.0 percent work completed.
13.2. Medium Term (Revised Plan): In the medium term, it was planned to set up power plants generating 2269 MW in 2012, 1675 MW in 2013, 1170 MW in 2014, in total 5114 MW. The revised plan is targeted to generate 2157 MW in 2012, 2674 MW in 2013 (500MW electricity import),2323 MW in 2014, in totaling 7154 MW. The medium term plan with implementation progress is given in the following table.
Implementation of time-bound Plan of Various Program of 2012
No Name of the power Installed Ownershi Types Expected Implementation/Progress station Capacity p of time for (MW) energy operation Public sector Sylhet 150 MW Combined Cycle 1 Power Plant
150
BPDB
Gas
January, 2012
Contract signed: 08-022010. Construction work completed: 50.00%.
Chandpur 150 MW Combined 2 Cycle Power Plant
163
BPDB
Gas
March , 2012
Contract signed: 08-022010 Construction work completed: 49.50%.
BPDB
Gas /Furnac March, e oil 2012
Contract signed: 18-102010 Construction work completed: 23.00%.
BPDB
Gas /Furnac April, e oil 2012
Contract signed: 18-102010. Construction work completed: 22.75% .
Santahar 50 MW Peaking Power Plant 3 Katakhali 50 MW Peaking 4 Power Plant Sirajgong 150 5 MW GT
50
50
NWPGC 150
Contract signed: 12-10Gas / 2010 Construction work Diesel July, 2012 completed: 17.83%.
No Name of the power Installed Ownership Types Expected Implementation/Progress station Capacity of time for (MW) energy operation 7 Chapainawabganj
8 Kaptai Solar
Page | 56
100
5
BPDB
BPDB
Furnace November, Procurement will start soon oil 2012
Solar
PDPP8 prepared. Sent to the Ministry for exploring source December, of financing. 2012
Raojan, Chittagong 6
20
RPCL
Gas /Furnac Contract signed: 23-03e oil July, 2012 2011
Private sector Re-started the preparation of revised PQ10
1 Solar
7
2 Tangail 20MW
20
3 Chandpur 15 MW
15
9 Solar June, 2012 IPP (BPDB) IPP (REB) Gas/ Furnace June, 2012 oil IPP (REB) Furnace oil June, 2012
30
IPP (REB) Furnace oil June, 2012 RFP evaluation completed.
4 Narayangong 30 MW
RFP11 evaluation completed. RFP evaluation completed.
no Name of the power Installed Ownership Types Expected Implementation/Progress station Capacity of time for (MW) energy operation Santahar 50 MW Peaking Power Plant 5
IPP (BPDB) 50
6 Syedpur Power Plant
100
Jamalpur Peaking Power plant 7 8 Comilla Peaking Power plant Khulna Peaking 9 Power plant
Issued LOI
IPP (BPDB)
Furnace oil July, 2012 Issued LOI
IPP (BPDB)
Gas/ Furnace September, Issued LOI on oil 2012 07/04/2011
IPP (BPDB)
Gas/ Financial evaluation Furnace September, completed. Sent to the oil 2012 Ministry for approval.
IPP
Furnace September, Issued LOI on oil 2012 06/04/2011
100 50
Furnace July, oil 2012
100 (BPDB)
Dhaka (Aminbazar) 100 10 MW Power Plant
Page | 57
100
IPP (BPDB)
Furnace September, RFP evaluation completed. oil 2012 Sent to the Ministry for approval.
Dhaka (Aminbazar) 50 11 MW Power Plant Chittagong (Patenga) 100 12 MW Power Plant Chittagong (Mohora) 50 13 MW Power Plant Rajshahi (Iswardi) 100 14 MW Power Plant
50
IPP (BPDB)
100
IPP (BPDB)
50
IPP (BPDB)
100
IPP (BPDB)
Furnace September, RFP evaluation completed. oil 2012 Sent to the Ministry for approval. Furnace September, Issued LOI on oil 2012 07/04/2011
Furnace September, RFP evaluation completed. oil 2012 Sent to the Ministry for approval.
Furnace September, Issued LOI on oil 2012 07/04/2011
no Name of the power Installed Ownership Types Expected Implementation/Progress station Capacity of time for (MW) energy operation Rajshahi (Natore) 50 MW Power Plant 15 Khulna (Labanchora) 16 100 MW Power Plant 17 Barisal 50 MW Power Plant Bhola 150-225 18 MW CCPP (2nd Unit) SC (GT)
Page | 58
50
IPP (BPDB)
RFP evaluation completed. Furnace September, Sent to the Ministry for oil 2012 approval.
100
IPP (BPDB)
Furnace September, Issued LOI on oil 2012 07/04/2011
50
IPP (BPDB)
RFP evaluation Furnace September, completed. Sent to the oil 2012 Ministry for approval.
IPP 147
Gas
October, 2012
Issued LOI
Implementation of Projects on 2013
no Name of the power Capacity Ownership Types of Expected station (MW) energy time for Implementation/Progress operation Public Sector
1
2
3
4
Ghorashal 200300 MW Peaking Power Plant Khulna 150 MW Power Plant (GT) Siddhirgonj 450 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant
Bhola 150 MW CCPP
290
BPDB
Gas/ Diesel
March, 2013
Approved by Procurement Committee
NWPGC 150
Gas/Oil March, 2013 EGCB
450
December, Tender evaluation 2013 report sent to the World Bank
150
Final report of December, feasibility study has been 2013 prepared by the Consultants
BPDB
Gas
Contract will be signed soon
Gas
Private sector
1
Electricity from wind mill
100
Savar Peaking Power Plant, Dhaka
IPP(BPDB Wind ) Gas/
January 2013
Re-started the preparation of revised PQ
IPP
Furnace March, oil 2013
Preparation of PQ is underway Issued LOI12
2
100
3
Bibiyana 300222 450 MW CCPP (1st Unit) (ST)
IPP
Gas
March, 2013
4
Bibiyana 300222 450 MW CCPP (2nd Unit) (ST)
IPP
Gas
April, 2013 Issued LOI
5
Meghnaghat 300-450 MW (2nd Unit) (ST)
220
IPP
Gas/ April, 2013 Issued LOI Furnace oil
6
Keranigonj 150100 225 MW CCPP (ST)
IPP
Gas/ June, 2013 Re-tender to be advertised Furnace soon oil
Page | 59
7
Modongonj 100 150-225 MW CCPP (ST)
IPP
Gas/ June, 2013 RFP evaluation completed. Furnace Sent to the Ministry for oil approval.
8
Bhola 150-225 CCPP (2nd Unit) (ST)
IPP
Gas
70
August, 2013
Issued LOI
List of Different Projects for running year 2014
no Name of the power Capacity Ownership Types Expected station (MW) of time for energy operation
Implementation/Progress
Public Sector 1
Haripur 360 MW CCPP
360
EGCB
Gas
January,201 Contract signed:09-024 11
2
Baro Pukuria
250
BPDB
Coal
June, 2014 Primary survey has been done
150
APSCL
Gas
June, 2014 Called for tender: 0404-2011
3
250-300 MW (3rd Unit) Ashugonj 150 MW CCPP
4
Shikolbaha 150225 MW CCPP
150
BPDB
Gas/ Furnace oil
5
Bheramara 360 MW CCPP
360
NWPGC
Gas
Tender received :05-062011 June, 2014 Primary survey is underway
December, DPP is finalized 2014
Private Sector Bibiyana 3001
2
450 MW CCPP (1st 119 Unit) (ST) Bibiyana 300450 MW CCPP (2nd 119
March, 2014 Issued LOI IPP IPP
April, 2014 Issued LOI
IPP
Gas/ Furnace April 2014 Issued LOI oil
IPP
Gas/ Furnace June, 2014 Re-tender, to be advertised oil soon
IPP
Gas/ RFP evaluation completed. Furnace Sent to the Ministry for oil June, 2014 approval.
Unit) (ST) Meghnaghat 3
4
300-450 MW (2nd 115 Unit) (ST) Keranigonj 150225 MW CCPP (ST) 50 Modongonj 150225 MW CCPP (ST)
5
Page | 60
50
Gas Gas
Sirajgonj 300450 MW CCPP 6
300
RFP received : 10-042011 June, 2014 RFP evaluation is underway
IPP
Gas
IPP
Coal September, Evaluation of financial (Import 2014 proposal is underway
7
Chittagong 150150 300 MW Coal based projects
IPP
Coal September, Evaluation of financial (Import 2014 proposal is underway
8
Khulna 150-300 MW Coal based projects
Page | 61
150
Chapter 14 CAUSES OF ELECTRICITY CRISIS & POWER CRISIS IN BANGLADESH & CHALLENGE OF POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
Although the government has taken several initiatives for reducing the crisis of electricity, yet the crisis persists. This is mainly due to the problems associated with high gas dependency, improper privatization policy, lack of satisfactory and timely implementation of allocated money, political reasons and over population. 14.1. High Gas Dependency: The most important reason at the moment is that the government is unable to ensure the supply of natural gas, the main primary fuel which is used to produce electricity. The Shortage of available gas supply creates a struggling situation of electricity generation. Still, 83 percent of the total electricity used to be generated by natural gas. Many power plants are idle due to the shortage of gas supply. This has resulted in the lower generation of electricity. On the other hand, unprecedented delay in finalizing a coal policy makes it difficult to generate the expected level of electricity. Government remains silent about the exploration and exploitation of coal, which is cheaper and safer in generating electricity. 14.2. Improper Privatization Policy: A good number of generation units in the public sector have become very old and have been operating at a much reduced capacity. This is why the government largely depends on rental, quick rental as well as independent power producers (IPP).In April 2010, 40 percent electricity was generated by private sector which has been increased to 44 percent by April 2011. Rental, quick rental and peaking plants were under taken on a first-track basis to address the nagging power crisis. But, second hand equipments and machineries are mostly used in such plants, which will be less efficient and the tariff will ultimately rise. Additionally, many of them are not in a position to generate electricity till to date. Furthermore, there is a lack of transparency. Tendering persists in that process. Thus, the establishment and the timely commencing production of the major segments of the power plant, contracted to be established on the „quick rental‟ basis in the country are failing gradually. Thus it is not only causing huge amount of financial loss to the national exchequer but also increasing the sufferings of the citizen of the country. Moreover, all these quick rental power plants are on short term basis. Here, the government has to face two types of challenges. One is the higher subsidy due to the costly quick rental power plants and the other is the lower production that is expected. The government would be better off spending money on upgrading the existing power stations.
Page | 62
14.3. Lack of timely Implementation of Allocated Money: The government has given highest priority to the development in the power sector which has been reflected in the allocation of the annual development programme (ADP). The total allocation in the power sector was Tk. 7145.28 crore for the fiscal year 2011-12. Over the last few years there was a significant gap between the allocation and the implementation of ADP in the power sector. Considering the last fiscal year, it has been observed that only 29 percent of the allocated ADP had been implemented during the first eight months of that fiscal year. It means that another 71 percent have to be implemented within the next four months of that fiscal year. When a huge amount of allocated money is required to implement, there exist corruptions. That is why the lack of timely implementation has reduced the proper development in the sector of electricity, in fact, in the generation of electricity. 14.4. Political Reason: In Bangladesh, the governments come and go and the issue of electricity remains a struggling one. The politicians are very much interested in covering a lot of areas without thinking the existing generation in order to win the mind of the voters. This may bear information about the huge coverage of the electricity but in reality, it creates crisis. This type of politics makes the crisis more acute. There has been an increase in the demand for electricity in the recent years as a result of industrial development and population growth. One of the common matters in the country is over population, which creates a lot of problem in the various development sectors. More population means more consumption of electricity. Population is increasing but the generation of electricity is not increasing as required. After all, there is an improvement in the life style of the citizen in the country. With the improvement of the people‟s life standard, the demand for electricity has also increased. As the generation has increased with a slower rate than that of the demand for electricity, the crisis of electricity is on the rise.
Page | 63
14.5. Challenges of Power Sector Development According to plan, in order to implement different projects in power sector, multifaceted challenges are being met. To face these challenges, lots of changes have been brought in the existing policies and strategies including enacting new laws and amending existing ones. Despite these steps, to face the remaining challenges, appropriate and transparent steps will have to be taken quickly. Major challenges are mentioned below: Supply of Primary Fuel 1. Exploration and enhancement of production of gas. Supply of 60 percent of gas produced to power sector 2. Extraction of coal from domestic sources 3. Import of coal and construction of related infrastructure 4. Import of LNG Transportation of Fuel -Development of infrastructure relating to water-ways and railways Financing Projects 1. Ensure financing of government and private projects. 2. Mobilize foreign investment and foreign exchange Preparation and Management of Contracts 1. Train up efficient manpower on preparation and contract management 2. Reduction of project implementation period. Procurement System -Shorten the process of tendering and its approval Adjustment/Coordination -Co-ordinate between power savings and efficient use of power
Page | 64
Chapter 15 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Providing access to affordable and reliable electricity to all citizens by 2021 is a befitting national goal of the government of Bangladesh. Despite considerable trust on reducing the gap between the demand and supply of electricity, a significant number of people still do not have access to electricity. However, 49 percent of its population has access to electricity. Therefore, it might be quite ambitious to provide affordable electricity to all by 2021. Nonetheless, achieving such target within the time limit is a fundamental challenge of the country without which, international experience suggests, the human development, economic and employment goals of the government may be hindered, where the gap between the demand and generation of electricity is going on. Moreover, it might be quite difficult to achieve the target if the government does not give top priority on the regarding issue. Over the years, the installed capacity has been increased with a decreasing rate as compared to the year 2005-07. The similar result is also found in case of the generation of electricity. It is also found that the increasing rate of generation capacity is lower than that of the installed capacity. Therefore, this higher increasing rate of demand for electricity over generation has resulted in the higher rate of load shedding that has been increase with an annual rate of 6.72 percent at the same time period (2007-2011). The demand for electricity is not equally distributed according to different zones. In the east zone, the demand for electricity has increased more than double (18.3 percent) compared to west zone (9.1 percent) between 2000-01 and 2008-09. The consumption patterns of electricity by different categories also differ. The relationship between the supply of electricity and GDP growth is positive and significant. A decreasing rate in the electricity generation has resulted in the lower GDP growth. To achieve the target of electricity supply to all by 2021, the government should have a look to ensure the proper implementation of the allocated money in the regarding sector. Ensuring good governance is also required. Separate allocation for the maintenance and modernization of age old power plants is urgently needed. Due to the shortage of gas, the other primary fuel for generating electricity that is coal, offers a safer and cheaper prospects. However, the debate about the method of mining coal makes the problem thorny. In addition, the time that would be inevitably needed to exploit and to use the plentiful coal deposit will create an unacceptable time-gap in solving the power crisis with desirable speed. It is pertinent to mention that theoretically, many of the strategic documents and policy papers are sound and seems implementable, but in reality, fails to do so because of poor implementation rate of allocated money, corruption, lack of funds, poor monitoring and evaluation and so on.
Page | 65
The government needs to be creative in renewing and revising strategic approaches to reduce the power crisis. Therefore, provisions must be formulated for programme evaluation and also for understanding the impacts of programs. Findings are needed to be scientifically utilized in developing suitable programs addressing the case reducing the crisis of electricity in Bangladesh. Otherwise, the target of ensuring electricity to all by 2021 may remain an elusive and a distant dream.
Page | 66
REFERENCE
[1] ELECTRICITY SCENARIO IN BANGLADESH November 2011 Author K. M. Mustafizur Rahman
[2] AN OVERVIEW OF POWER SECTOR OF BANGLADESH November, 2011 Bangladesh Power Development Board
[3] PERSPECTIVE PLAN OF BANGLADESH 2010-2021 MAKING VISION 2021 A REALITY General Economics Division Planning Commission Government of the People‟s Republic of Bangladesh April 2012
[4] POWER AND ENERGY SECTOR Road Map : An Update June 2011 Finance Division, Ministry of Finance Government of People‟s Republic of Bangladesh website: www.mof.gov.bd| email:
[email protected]
[5] PRESENT POWER SCENARIO ANDFUTURE PLAN January, 2011 Bangladesh Power Development Board
[6] SIMULATED ENERGY SCENARIOS OF THE POWER SECTOR IN BANGLADESH Md. Kamrul Alam Abul Hasnat Rubel
[7] POWER PLANT ENGINEERING By Nagpal.
[8] WEBSITES: WWW.POWERCELL.GOV.BD HTTPS://WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/ HTTP://WWW.BPDB.GOV.BD/ HTTP://WWW.POWERDIVISION.GOV.BD/ Page | 67
