Design And Development of Mobile Application ...

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Keywords—Automation, Energy Efficient, Android Application,. Arduino, WiFi, PIR Sensor. I. INTRODUCTION. Nowadays people move towards automation ...
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 9 (2015) © Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

Design And Development of Mobile Application Based Wireless Controlled Energy efficient Automation System Suvendu Kumar Dash#, Amit Kumar Sinha*, Sudhir Kamble # #

M.Tech Scholar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vel Tech Dr.RR & Dr.SR Technical University Chennai, TamilNadu, India 1

[email protected],[email protected] *

Asst Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vel Tech Dr.RR & Dr.SR Technical University Chennai, TamilNadu, India 2

[email protected]

Abstract— With the Technological advancement in the electrical industry, electrical products are increasing and with that power consumption is also increasing. Now a days people want Product which is energy efficient, smart control and less costly. In this paper, we talk about a smart controlled home automation device with basic feature that helps the residents and organizations building automation. Our system is controlled by Mobile application which use in Smart Phone, Tablets, Laptops and PC which have WiFi module. As a Brain of our system we use a Arduino Uno Board which have ATmega328 microcontroller that communicates with Android application with encrypted message, after successfully decryption of message by microcontroller it activates the PIR sensor and it remotely control the lights and fans. Keywords—Automation, Energy Efficient, Android Application, Arduino, WiFi, PIR Sensor

I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays people move towards automation because of the work culture of the today’s day to day life. Everyone want to complete their work in few hours that’s why automation technology use in every field like Home and Building automation, Agriculture work automation, Industrial automation. Now home automation is collecting more attention from every field. If we consider industries, then maximum industries facilities are fully automated. Home automation system provides fully comforts and also allows centralize control of fan, light, Air conditioner. By the use of sensor user can monitor his water level of his tank, temperature of his room, so that less energy consume. But now till date many houses are not smartly automated because of high cost of the system and less service providers. Now the current existing fully established system is based on wired communication. Examples are BACnet, LonWorks and KNX [1].The traditional wired system does not create a

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problem if it is planned before and installed during the construction. If already existing building should require automation, it is more costly and requires more efforts. In this regard wireless systems [1] help here. In the past few years wireless system reach in the dramatic developments. We are using wireless system in every day and everywhere i.e. mobile phone, tablet, laptop, camera. Now the home automation system develops with the mobile communication technologies into automation system, to control application in wire and wireless network. Indeed users are able to control using mobile applications on their phone to control their house from distance. In addition utilize this technology we have to contribute green technology means more energy efficient and safe for the society. Our objective of the project is to design and implement a remotely controlled and energy efficient smart automation system. We will be using an android mobile phone for user interface, and a Arduino Uno microcontroller to offer connectivity with the electronic devices of the house or organization network. We will develop a user-friendly application which is remotely connected. For the wireless we use the inbuilt WiFi system in our mobile device as our Transmitter and the Ethernet Shield as our receiver. By the appropriate use of sensor user can control the fan, light, lock etc. In our project we will use a PIR sensor for motion detection according to the motion detected and by the sensor the fan will control. For more energy efficient we will use a temperature sensor for check the temperature, if the temperature is below 19c then fan will not work and LDR for check brightness of the room according to condition it controls the light. The rest of the paper is organised as follows. Section II presents current works related to our system as a whole. In Section III we present our design and implementation. Finally,

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 9 (2015) © Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

Section IV and V we present our future implementation or development and our project conclusion. II. SYSTEM ANALYSIS RELATED WORK A. General Home Automation Products and Problem Analysis There are number of different home and Organization automation products available. Home automation system faces four different challenges [2], i.e. ownership cost is high, a lack of physical flexibility, poor manageability and security achieving is difficult. In market there are different Home Automation products are available which work in the sub-products within a single brand that sell the system as a whole and the only difference is the interface between user and the controller. Different system have different requirements for making it easy to control home from your mobile or non-mobile device with internet connectivity like some system require software running on PC, other are Web-compatible and some of the require App, so that everyone control almost everything in home through an App. App also use to activate the sensors for different custom event in the house or use the service of IFTTT (If This Then That) which notify the user about the event happening in the house by Web [3]. B. Central Controller or Brain of the system In Maximum home automation system projects are working within the home only. For this purpose, commands may be received from a short rang wireless technology like Bluetooth. This is the case in [4], through Bluetooth Smartphone send commands to an Arduino Mega board as a central controller. Another option is to use the web server by connecting the microcontroller to the internet to be able to communicate with it from any device that has internet connectivity. C. Communication protocols The most essential concerns are to decide on which communication protocol will connect the main controller or Brain to different device of the system. Here we discuss three kinds of protocols. 1) Direct Connection: The easiest approach is to use a direct connection of the devices to the microcontroller, like in [5]. Such step is very undesirable in our case, since the Arduino Uno board represents our central unit and not a gateway between central unit and devices like in this project. This would offer very low scalability means limited to the number of output pins of the Arduino and would need extra rewiring.

by an Arduino board, which send X10 messages through output pins, by use of the integrated X10 Arduino libraries. The only strength lies in X10 protocols is compatible with Arduino and easily use. There are some restrictions [6] of X10 present. First, X10 doesn’t find the collision if several controller or repeaters are use. Second, the protocol is considered as slow. Third, X10 signals may encounter attenuation when electric noise is present, which can switch on the device but it is not happened frequently .So as a conclusion it is not good for security application. In our case we don’t propose this X10 protocol. 3) Wireless protocols: Most of the wireless system focuses on home only so they use short range like Bluetooth protocols. In [7] have developed an automation system based on Bluetooth technology through which user can monitor and control different applications that are connected over a Bluetooth network based on a mobile host controller. There is a new technology which is succeeded old X10 wired technology i.e Z-Wave. Since It is a new technology so very costly and the license of the protocol is not completely free. Another method for wireless home automation within house network is Zigbee protocol, which is used in [6]. This uses a mesh network topology. But in our case Zegbee is not require, because we focus on already installed WiFi based organizations.so we use that technology for our automation. D. Energy Management Now a day people are not more aware on energy management for consume less energy. Till now it is a big job for everyone. Energy management Objectives are resource preservation, climate protection and cost savings, while the users have permanent access to the energy they need. Home automation can solve all the objectives of energy management and solves the different issue which improved energy organization [9] [10]. There different points of our houses that we can improve using home automation technology [10]. If we consider our case that we control the brightness of light through PIR sensor switch and also give a time limit where it requires. III. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION We build a prototype of our project in this section. In this prototype we combine the different building blocks on physicals and application layers. We use an Android application for user aspect. We also implemented a WiFi network on appliances side controlled by the Arduino through the application interface.

2) Wired Protocols: X10 is cheaply accessible that’s why it is the most popular protocol in Home automation system. Also its units are easily setup like plug and play. X10 devices are controlled

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 9 (2015) © Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

Fig. 1 System Architecture

A. Central Controller Our Arduino Board is the central controller which receives user command to execute. An Ethernet shield mounted on the arduino has provided Internet connectivity. In the user side, a mobile device provides interface through user-friendly Application. The mobile device can be connected through a USB cable to the central controller or communication with it wirelessly. Within the availability of devices in an Organization or Home wireless connection can be achieved using an Ethernet shield on the central controller. By this way, we would be able to access the controller locally or remotely through the internet. In our case, client-server architecture is the one to option for, since the central controller act as a fixed entity that responds client’s mobile device. Hence need for a server which work at the application level and closely tied to the central controller. We will use a simple Web server application running on the Arduino that communicates through the HTTP protocol with our Web-based Android application.

C. PIR Sensor PIR (Passive Infrared Sensor) [8] is basically made of Ceramic material that generates surface charge when exposed to infrared radiation. As the radiation amount increases, the surface charge generated increases. Every living body emits some low level radiations and the hotter the body, the more is emitted radiation. Commercial PIR sensors typically include two IR-sensitive elements with opposite polarization housed in a hermetically sealed metal with a window made of IRtransmissive material (typically coated silicon to protect the sensing element). When the sensor is idle, both slots detect the same amount of IR, the ambient amount radiated from the room or walls or outdoors. When a warm body like a human or an animal passes by, it first intercepts one half of the PIR sensor which causes a positive differential change between the two halves. When the warm body leaves the sensing area, the reverse happens, whereby the sensor generates a negative differential change. These change pulses are what is detected. In order to shape the Field Of View of the sensor, the detector is equipped with lenses in front of it. The lens used here is cheap and lightweight plastic materials with transmission characteristics suited for the desired wavelength range. To cover much larger area, detection lens is split up into multiple sections, each section of which is a Fresnel lens. Fresnel lens condenses light. Providing a larger range of IR to the sensor it can span over several tens of degree width. Thus total configuration improves immunity to changes in background temperature, noise or humidity and causes a shorter settling time of the output after a body moved in or out the Field Of View.

B. End –Nodes In our case End-nodes within the organization or house can be a sensors that send the surrounding environmental information like temperature, motion etc. These nodes contain a network that can be wired, wireless or hybrid. Figure 1 shows all the necessary components or block diagram of our system. The functional diagram or flow chart of the project shows in figure 3. It embodies the main operations that will be performed by the distributed software on mobile device/central controller. For the communication protocol, we used a combination of WiFi protocol which gives our system more flexibility and increases its scalability.

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Fig.2 PIR Sensor output waveform

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 9 (2015) © Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

D. Power Supply To power up any electronic circuit we require power supply system which provides required power for the system to operate. Here we need power supply for driving MCU,PIR sensor, Temperature sensor and ADC. We generally get 230Vac signal as mains supply in most of the homes. We take this 230Vac signal and convert it into 5Vdc signal to drive our Components. To convert AC to DC we can use either linear power supply conversion or SMPS(switch mode power supply).But using SMPS system gives us very good conversion efficiency of about 80%.Here we will briefly give a overview about basic components used SMPS power supply design Transformer Rectifier Input filter PWM controller Regulator E. Arduino Programming and electronics For our prototype, we used an Arduino Uno board with Ethernet shield to provide local network connectivity. We programmed the Arduino and the WiFi to enable the following scenario: First the user Switch On the WiFi of his mobile device and then it sends the encrypted message or command from the Android phone to the Arduion board. The Arduion , in turn, transmits the instructions to a network of WiFi formed by a router. After that the Android phone and the Arduion board establish a connection between them. LDR output, PIR sensor output and temperature sensor output is given to the analog to digital converter.

The outputs from ADC is scanned by micro controller in a cyclic manner from its input ports and compared with the predetermined values stored in micro controller. First the MCU scan's PIR Sensor port and compares its value with 3v digital value. If it is greater than that it means there is person present in room and it should switch on the lights and fans. But if there is enough light in room due to the natural sun light, it is a waste of power to switch on light so, it first checks for brightness in the room with the help of LDR. LDR means light dependent resistor. As the light falling it on increases, its Resistance decreases and vice-verse. LDR is connected in series with a fixed value resistor and a voltage of +5v is applied to the combination. Voltage across LDR is given to ADC and then imputed to MCU by experimenting with different intensities of light we can have a voltage value at which we want to turn on the light depending on our needs. We can use this voltage value as reference value in MCU code above which the light should be turned on. Now that it decided about light it sees weather to turn on the cooling system such as fan. It takes the input from a temperature sensor such as LM35 and checks weather the temperature value it obtained is above the internally stored value. If it greater it will turn on the cooling system and if it is below it doesn't .we can use internal storage value as 19c. IV. IMPROVEMENT By doing some modification in code we will able to create a database which store locally on a SD card mount on the Ethernet Shield. Also If we will add more number of appliances for automation so that we make our device more scalable and flexible. For that we will develop our Android application so that we add more no of element into the Network. V. CONCLUSIONS This paper proposes an inexpensive, secure, everywhere accessible, auto-configurable, remotely controlled solution. The approach discussed in this paper has achieved the target to control appliances remotely using the WiFi technology to connect system parts and satisfying user requirements. It is also easy to add more number of PIR sensor modules to already existing circuit to increase range of operation but the main disadvantage of this is that PIR sensor is very sensitive. It can detect IR radiations from our pet's like dog's and cat's and are also sensitive to exposure from direct sunlight and direct wind from heaters and air conditioners. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We thank the ECE Department at the Vel Tech Dr.RR & Dr.SR Technical University, Chennai and Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune for providing Support.

Fig. 3 Software Flowchart

REFERENCES [1] Christian Reinisch, “Wireless Communication in Home and Building Automation”, Master thesis, Viennia university of technology, Feb 2007.

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 9 (2015) © Research India Publications ::: http://www.ripublication.com

[2] A.J. Bernheim Brush, Bongshin Lee, Ratul Mahajan, Sharad Agarwal, Stefan Saroiu, and Colin Dixon, "Home Automation in the Wild: Challenges and Opportunities", CHI 2011, May 7–12, 2011, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [3]“What can Wemo Do?," [Online]. Available: http://www.belkin.com/us/wemo. [4] I. Petrov, S. Petrov, S. Saha and J Kenyon "uControl Solutions". [5] A. ElShafee and K. Alaa Hamed, "Design and Implementation of a WiFi Based Home Automation System," World Academy of Science,Engineering and Technology, 2012. [6] J. A. Infantes Diaz, "Wireless Sensor Network Controlled With ARDUINO UNO Microcontrollers and Zigbee Protocol” Mikelli University, May 2012.

[7] N. Sriskanthan and Tan Karand, “Bluetooth Based Home Automation System”, Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems, Vol. 26, pp.281-289, Elsevier Science B.V., 2002. [8] “Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR Sensor),” [Online]. Available: http://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/what-ispassive-infrared-pir-sensor [9] R. J. C. Nunes, "Home Automation - A Step Towards Better Energy Management," [Online]. Available: http://www.icrepq.com/pdfs/CALEIRA416.PDF [10] N. Banerjee, "Automating Energy Management in Green Homes," [Online]. Available: http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2011/papers/homen ets/p19.pdf.

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