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Head Up Display (HUD) applied as a automobile ... Constant Value. A. 50 cm. B. 68 cm θ. 100° θ´. 10°. Constant Value. C. 56 cm. D ... Revolutions per minute.
GENERAL IMPLICATIONS OF HUD SYSTEMS APPLIED TO AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRIES José Alejandro Betancur Ramírez

Applied Optics Group, Logical and Computation Group, Engineering Physics Program Research Group on Designing Engineering, Product Design Engineering Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia [email protected]

Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. Start point 3. Key considerations 4. Development of the problem

Sequential generating image Schematic operation of the proposed HUD

5. Results Image visualized by the user

6. Future work 7. Conclusions 8. References

1. INTRODUCTION Head Up Display (HUD) applied as a automobile technology.

Objectives

Automobile Industrial considerations

Recognition of the main optical parameters.

Surrounding conditions

Comprehension of how all those parameters are related with the human perception.

Optical system

Source:http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-up_display

Aeronautical application

Source:http://www.fiatmio.cc/en/discussoes/

Automobileapplication

2. START POINT RENAULT LOGAN 2009 The inclination angle of the windshield in the region corresponding to the observer’s visual range is considered.

Constant A B θ θ´

Value 50 cm 68 cm 100° 10°

Constant C D E F α

Value 56 cm 21 cm 29 cm 55 cm 31,18°

2. START POINT There are two non punctual zones where the user focuses his/her attention depending on the location of the object that is being observed.

Constant G H I J

Value 33.00 cm 23.17 cm 27.034 cm 4.03 cm

3. KEY CONSIDERATIONS Z= K+LX+MY+NX2+ÑXY+OY2+PX3+QX2Y+RXY2+SY3

The next third order equation provides enough information to observe the distortions suffered by the images when projected on such zones.

([T]m*n)T .[T]m*n.[U]n =([T]m*n)T.[V]m (3)

Coefficient K L M N Ñ O P Q R S

Zone 1 5.96479 e18 1.70748 e21 2.49693 e20 5.11856 e23 7.07792 e22 1.51089 e22 1.58079 e26 2.11232 e25 4.42634 e24 1.00520 e24

Zone 2 1.33347 e19 3.21931 e21 3.53934 e21 9.61482 e23 8.50101 e23 1.12036 e24 3.07009 e26 2.61768 e26 2.73125 e26 3.79362 e26

[T]m*n . [U]n =[V]m

3. KEY CONSIDERATIONS

Distortion that the image suffers is minimum on the area of the left end where the projected net starts to deform

4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A particular functioning architecture was set up General schematic operation of conventional HUD.

General schematic operation of the proposed HUD.

4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROBLEM Constant L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12 F(focal distance) Mt IFOV TFOV FOV Factor Diffuser π β Φ

Value 5468.37mm 850mm 7.3mm 1.2mm 160mm -176.80mm 6158.37mm 42.76mm 470.43mm 70mm 150mm 673.19mm 513.19mm 12 12.7° 8.5° 1.5 70mm*70mm 78° ~1° 0.08°

4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROBLEM

4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROBLEM it is clear that there are variables such as time, speed, fuel level, among others, that are of common interest.

Type of information Description Mode 1: Basic information Speed information Revolutions per minute In case it is motorized (inner combustion engine). Mode 2: Complementary information related with Mode 1 Charge level In case it is motorized (electric engine). Fuel level Mode 2: Additional information (positioning) Location Covered distance on a trip Total covered distance Mode 2: Additional information (inner systems) Estate on functioning systems Water level Water temperature Oil level Mode 2: Additional information (Alarms) Revolution alerts Excess speed alerts Proximity alert Collision alert Mode 2: Information manipulated by the user Time Image size as seen by the user Image glow as seen by the user Speed measuring unit Distance measuring unit Quantity of alert signs Movement of certain figures Velocity in the movement of animated reticules.

5. RESULTS 1.Windshield holder: allows the rotation of the windshield in two of its three degrees of freedom. 2.Windshield: corresponding to a RENAULT LOGAN reference G000463620_V02_01.

3. Space for the projection system: for this analysis we used as emissive display an OPUS MICROSYSTEMS ® pico-projector. 4. Location of the observer.

5. RESULTS Requirement Object distance of the system’s first lens (So1) Image distance of the system’s first lens (Si1) Object distance of the system’s second lens (So2) Image distance of the system’s second lens (Si2) Longitudinal augmentation (M) Distance between the system’s lenses (D)

Entrance pupil (En.P.) Exit pupil (Ex.P.) Diaphragm of aperture (D.A.) User distance (U.D.) The exit’s pupil diameter (D1) Image size generated by the optical system (D2) User distance from the exit pupil (U.D.1) User distance from the generated image (U.D.2) Vertical visual range from the generated image (FOV-θ) Vertical visual range generated by the exit pupil (FOV-α)

Paameter So1 F1 D F2 Si2 M P.S. D1 D2 D.U. D.U.1 D.U.2 FOV-θ FOV-α

Value 249 mm 135 mm 400 mm 110 mm 2375.4 mm 8,7 151 mm 41,525 mm 261 mm 551 mm 551 mm 2926,4 mm 2,35° 2,96°

5. RESULTS

6. FUTURE WORK

Requirements Chromatic aberration

Value 0

Astigmatism aberration Distortion aberration Vertical binocular parallax Double refraction Accommodation Deformity Daylight luminescence

≤ 0.25 Dpt ≤ 1.5 % 0 0 ≤ 0.25 Dpt 0 ≤ 9000 ft-L

Night luminescence

≥ 3639 ft-L

7. CONCLUSIONS 1. It is necessary to debug and to classify this information, mainly based in the requirements of the image observed by the user, the parameters that are not controlled and that are tolerable by the user and the quality and the quantity of the components used for the construction of the HUD.

2. Whereas these systems have many applications and design parameters discussed herein, It is concluded that these systems vary their design parameters according to the qualities of the system where you plan to deploy.

3. It is concluded that the effectiveness of these types of systems, in terms of the aberrations of the image projected by the combiner to the user is determined by the quality of the optical elements, and optical system adopted.

8. REFERENCES [1]. Robert B. Wood, Mark A. Thomas, Lake Oswego, Jhon P. Desmond, All of Oreg. “Automobile Head-Up Display system with reflective aspheric surface”, United States of America Patent, number of patent 4.961.625, date of patent (1990). [2]. Glenn E. Freeman “Windshield for Head-Up Display system”, United States of America Patent, number of patent 5.812.332, date of patent (1998). [3]. Book: Hecht, Zajac [Optic], Addison Wesley Publishing CO, (2005). [4]. Book: Mordekhai Velger, [Helmet-Mounted Displays and Sights], Artech House, Boston-London, (1997). [5]. Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Tatsumi Ohtsuka, Akihisa kasahara, Noriyasu Tomiyama, all of Japan "On vehicle head up display with optical means for correcting parallax in a vertical direction", United states Patent, Number of patent: 4.787.711, date of patent (1988). [6]. Luis Sampedro Díaz “Optical aberrations in Head-Up Displays”, Universidad Pontificia Comillas Madrid, September 2005. [7]. Betancur, J. A., "HUD analysis using MAPLE" in Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XV: Design and Applications, edited by Peter L. Marasco, Paul R. Havig, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 7688 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA 2010) 76880J.

9. ACKNOWLEDGE Special thanks to professors Luciano Ángel Toro, Daniel Velásquez and Gilberto Osorio.