TRANSFORMATION OF SINGAPORE STATEMENT TO PhD CANDIDATES OATH. (constructed in the short sentence like in Hippocrates Oath). STUDENT ...
Do we need international Oath of Responsible Conduct in Research for first time researchers ? Zdravko Lacković, PhD program Biomedicine and Health Sciences, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb Science is becoming more and more competitive endeavor. Researcher compete for publications, citations, funding, advancement in career. In such "publish or perish “ environment some scientist do not hesitate to become involved in fabrication, falsification or plagiarism. New information technologies enable new forms of scientific misconduct including self-reviews, due to false e-mail addresses, but also appearance of misconduct by booming new publishers and appearance of “predatory” open- access journals. There are beliefs and evidences that the incidence of misconduct in science is increasing. Attempt to reduce such misconduct could be that all researchers at the beginning of their career (PhD candidates, or similar ) give / sign (ORPEHUS, PhD, Dubrovnik, First Time Researchers or similar) Oath of Responsible Conduct in Research - much like medical doctors give the Hippocratic Oath. In Zagreb PhD program Biomedicine and Health, we have many years of experience with courses on research ethics. Those courses end with the task that each student has to write a Code of Ethics for doctoral studies. In the year 2013 at a workshop in Dubrovnik we Zagreb PhD Program spoke for the first time that it would be helpful if there were such PhD Ethical Code that would have international significance. The emergence of “Singapore Statement on Research Integrity ” enables the production of such documents. Singapore Statement is the product of the collective effort and insights of the 340 individuals from 51 countries who participated in the 2nd World Conference on Research Integrity. .According to US Office of Research Integrity (ORI) (http://ori.hhs.gov/content/singapore-statementresearch-integrity): „The principles and responsibilities set out in the Singapore Statement on Research Integrity represent the first international effort to encourage the development of unified policies, guidelines and codes of conduct, with the long-range goal of fostering greater integrity in research worldwide“ (http://www.wcri2015.org/background.htm).
2013
In August the same year 2016 in IUC Dubrovnik, at Dubrovnik Bioethics Summer School ORPEHUS workshop, the task of student participants was to adapt, make easily understandable and in the form of an oath using Singapore Statement and Hippocratic Oath, as templates construct such codes of conduct for young researcher at the beginning of their carrier. 2016
The Singapore Statement on Research Integrity
Proposal for PhD Oath of Responsible Conduct in Research
Preamble The value and benefits of research are vitally dependent on the integrity of research. While there can be and are national and disciplinary differences in the way research is organized and conducted, there are also principles and professional responsibilities that are fundamental to the integrity of research wherever it is undertaken.
Principles Honesty in all aspects of research. Accountability in the conduct of research. Professional courtesy and fairness in working with others. Good stewardship of research on behalf of others
Proposal for
PhD Oath of Responsible Conduct in Research
I swear that all my research will be trustworthy and adhere to current regulations of responsible conduct in research
TRANSFORMATION OF SINGAPORE STATEMENT TO PhD CANDIDATES OATH (constructed in the short sentence like in Hippocrates Oath)
STUDENT PROPOSALS POINT BY POINT
1. Integrity: Researchers should take responsibility for the trustworthiness of their research.
(As proposed by participants of DIBS 2016)
STUDENT PROPOSAL OF SHORTER VERSION
I will use objective, accurate and, most of all, ethical methods in my research.
FINAL PROPOSAL Selection (yellow mark) and changes (red) by Editor/ Z. Lackovic
I will insure the reliability of my research for I am responsible for my peoples' health entirely.
I will keep clear, accurate records of my research and share my data as soon as priority and ownership claims are settled.
I swear to conduct my research upon the highest standards of integrity.
Interuniversity Center IUC
I swear that all my research will be trustworthy. 2. Adherence to Regulations: Researchers should be aware of and adhere to regulations and policies related to research.
I will abide to the latest regulations and policies related to my research.
(1,2) I swear that all my research will be trustworthy and adhere to current regulations.
I swear to respect and follow all the rules and guidelines related to the conduct of my research.
I will list as authors all those and only those who meet the authorship criteria, as well as express acknowledgments properly.
I swear that all my research will be trustworthy and adhere to current regulations of responsible conduct in research
I will provide only fair evaluation assessment of my colleagues work.
I swear to respect the law and ethical principles of science during my research.
3. Research Methods: Researchers should employ appropriate research methods, base conclusions on critical analysis of the evidence and report findings and interpretations fully and objectively.
I will disclose any and every real or possible conflict of interest I might find myself in while conducting a research.
I swear to use objective, accurate and, most of all, ethical methods in my research. I swear to conduct only evidence-based trials and research.
4. Research Records: Researchers should keep clear, accurate records of all research in ways that will allow verification and replication of their work by others.
I will keep coherent and clear records of my research so it can be verified and used by others. I swear to keep all my research records transparent. I will keep precise and full-fledged records.
5. Research Findings: Researchers should share data and findings openly and promptly, as soon as they have had an opportunity to establish priority and ownership claims.
I will not keep important results of my research in secret.
6. Authorship: Researchers should take responsibility for their contributions to all publications, funding applications, reports and other representations of their research. Lists of authors should include all those and only those who meet applicable authorship criteria.
I will be accountable of my contribution to research and only include those who meet the applicable authorship criteria.
(4,5) I am obliged to keep clear, accurate records of my research and to share my data as soon as priority and ownership claims are settled.
I will remember that risks may outweigh the societal benefits of my work and I swear to support research integrity for the welfare of society.
I will keep clear, accurate records of my research and tshare my data as soon as priority and ownership claims are settled.
I will properly assign on authors names as they were in collaboration.
7. Publication Acknowledgement: Researchers should acknowledge in publications the names and roles of those who made significant contributions to the research, including writers, funders, sponsors, and others, but do not meet authorship criteria.
I will properly recognize the contributions of all who made my research possible.
8. Peer Review: Researchers should provide fair, prompt and rigorous evaluations and respect confidentiality when reviewing others' work.
(Maybe not suitable for PhD candidates oath)
(6,7) I swear tI swear to list as authors all those and only those who meet the authorship criteria, as well as express acknowledgments properly.
I will list as authors all those and only those who meet the authorship criteria, as well as express acknowledgments properly.
. I will provide only fair evaluation assessment of my colleagues work.
I will provide only efficient and demanding assessment of my colleagues work. I will provide fair evaluation of my colleagues work.
9. Conflict of Interest: Researchers should disclose financial and other conflicts of interest that could compromise the trustworthiness of their work in research proposals, publications and public communications as well as in all review activities.
I will report and react properly on individual and organizational bases to research misconduct and other irresponsible research practices in all my activities.
I will use objective, accurate and, most of all, ethical methods in my research.
I will employ appropriate methods in respect to human dignity and based on critical analysis of evidence and report findings and interpretations fully and objectively.
I swear that my main aim will be just one: the benefit for the society through my transparent research and through the faithful mediation of my records in publications and public communication despite any financial, personal or other interest. I swear to declare all conflicts of interest. I swear to disclose any and every real or possible conflict of interest I might find myself in while conducting a research. I will disclose any and every real or possible conflict of interest I might find myself in while conducting a research.
I will broadcast if I have any financial or other conflicts of interest that would undermine the integrity of my work. 10. Public Communication: Researchers should limit professional comments to their recognized expertise when engaged in public discussions about the application and importance of research findings and clearly distinguish professional comments from opinions based on personal views.
I will be mindful about my statements in public settings and be careful to distinguish between professional comments and personal opinions.
11. Reporting Irresponsible Research Practices: Researchers should report to the appropriate authorities any suspected research misconduct, including fabrication, falsification or plagiarism, and other irresponsible research practices that undermine the trustworthiness of research, such as carelessness, improperly listing authors, failing to report conflicting data, or the use of misleading analytical methods.
I will account for any dishonorable research practices.
12. Responding to Irresponsible Research Practices: Research institutions, as well as journals, professional organizations and agencies that have commitments to research, should have procedures for responding to allegations of misconduct and other irresponsible research practices and for protecting those who report such behavior in good faith. When misconduct or other irresponsible research practice is confirmed, appropriate actions should be taken promptly, including correcting the research record.
(Maybe not suitable for PhD candidates oath)
13. Research Environments: Research institutions should create and sustain environments that encourage integrity through education, clear policies, and reasonable standards for advancement, while fostering work environments that support research integrity.
(Maybe not suitable for PhD candidates oath)
14. Societal Considerations: Researchers and research institutions should recognize that they have an ethical obligation to weigh societal benefits against risks inherent in their work.
I promise to dedicate my work to the benefit of the human kind.
In public communications I am obliged to limit my comments to my area of expertise and to discriminate every evidence data from personal opinions.
I will report any scientific corruption that I may witness. I will prevent research misconduct by communicating to the appropriate authorities.
I swear to report and react properly in all my activities to research misconduct and other irresponsible research practices.
I will remember that risks may outweigh the societal benefits of my work for I have an ethical obligation to my fellow researchers and society.
Bakirci Seda, Sophia Antipolis University – Nice, Faculty Of Medicine (Public Health), Nice, France Ballista Mirella, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Buzia Laura Human Resources Administration New York City Home Care Services- Registered Nurse Rego Park, United States Dickson Tong West island school Hong Kong Cikojević Valentina, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Guo Patrick, West Island School, Hong Kong Hanganu Bianca, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Forensic Medicine, Sabaoani, Romania Ivanov Ivan, Plovdiv Medical University, Pediatrics, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Jozepovic Ana, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia Kosaric Alan , Ophthalmic consultant centers, Oakville, Canada Kristen Elwell, Northeastern University, Office of the General Counsel, Watertown, United States Labašová Lucia, Cemmenius University, General Medicine, Bardejov, Slovakia Margetic Karla, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia Morales-Cortés Edwin, University of Puerto Rico, Labor Relations Institute, san juan, Puerto Rico Nadashvili Lela, David Tvildiani Medical University, Dean's office, Tbilisi, Georgia Samolygo Ekaterina, The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation Trtanj Lucija Ana; Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Lecturers (11, 12) I swear to report and react properly on individual and organizational bases to research misconduct and other irresponsible research practices in all my activities.
I will report and react properly on individual and organizational bases to research misconduct and other irresponsible research practices in all my activities.
• Professor Zdravko Lacković MD, PhD, ORPHEUS Founding President, workshop moderator and document editor, PhD Program „Biomedicne and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia • Professor Ana Borovečki, MD, PhD, workshop co-organizer, PhD Program „Biomedicne and Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia • Professor Stjepan Orešković, DIBS Director, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia • Professor Henk ten Have, reviewer, Director McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts Center for Healthcare Ethics, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh USA
With my research institutions I will within my power create and sustain environments that encourage research integrity.
I am obliged to keep balance between social welfare and implicit risks.
Participants:
(13,14) I swear to support research integrity for the welfare of society.
I will remember that risks may outweigh the societal benefits of my work and I swear to support research integrity for the welfare of society.
Supported by University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, „ A. Stampar“ School od Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
