“You live on the hyphen5, in between. ... episode pictures. Don Quixote tilting at
... Do you sometimes spice up your French with foreign words? Explain in what ...
Text 2 WB
Do You Speak Spanglish? WB
1
Culture Flash Don Quixote de la Mancha is one of the most famous classics ever written. This satirical romance, published in 1605 by the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), describes the adventures of Don Quixote, a poor gentleman of La Mancha, accompanied by a squire, Sancho Panza. Don Quixote’s disordered imagination transforms the most usual objects into fearful or romantic forms and he is therefore constantly involved in absurd adventures. The most famous episode pictures Don Quixote tilting at windmills and imagining them to be giants.
Word help 1. = Warner Brothers 2. catch 3. to creep into: se glisser dans 4. norme 5. \"haIfEn\ 6. = rarely * In a small place of
La Mancha lived one of those gentlemen who always had a skinny horse and a grayhound to chase.
32
network’s new show, the cartoon world of the “Mucha Lucha” wrestling2 school, is peppered with a blend of Spanish and English dialogue often 5 called Spanglish. And TV isn’t the only place you’ll find it. A college professor recently completed a Spanglish translation of the first chapter of “Don Quixote”. Not everyone is happy to see Spanglish creep into3 the mainstream4. Critics see it as a danger to Hispanic culture and advancement. But Spanglish speakers say it is an expression of 15 ethnic pride. “Spanglish is proof that Latinos have a culture that is made up of two parts. It’s not that you are Latino or American,” said Ilan Stavans, the professor of Latin 20 American and Latino culture who translated Miguel de Cervantes’ masterpiece. “You live on the hyphen5, in between. That’s what Spanglish is all about, a middle ground. ”
50
55
10
“There are certain words or sayings that are just better in Spanish,” said Danny Lopez, 28, who speaks Spanglish with friends and family, although seldom6 at work. 30 “When I talk to my dad, I’ll say, ‘Hey Dad, I remember sitting in Abuelita’s cocina when we were little, and we were drinking a taza of café,” said Mr Lopez, describing memories of his 35 grandmother’s kitchen. His family has lived in the United States for four generations.
60
65
70
25
But the modern phenomenon has plenty of pop culture examples, from 40 Ricky Martin scoring a big hit with “Livin’ La Vida Loca” to top-selling Mexican singer Paulina Rubio doing all her songs in Spanglish as she opens for Enrique Iglesias. 45 At Mun2, a cable network, language has evolved in the past year. When it was launched, most of the programs were in Spanish. But the network will soon
75
80
85
90
be mostly English and Spanglish, in response to viewer preferences, said spokeswoman Claudia Santa Cruz. Prof. Stavans translated “Don Quixote” into Spanglish, in response to a Spanish-language purist who asserted that the linguistic mix would never be taken seriously until it produced a classic. “In un placete de La Mancha, vivia, uno de esos gentlemen who always tienen a skinny caballo y un grayhound para el chase,”* his translation begins. But Antonio Garrido, of the Instituto Cervantes in New York, said a Spanglish “Don Quixote” is “a joke”. “The idea is good English and good Spanish. Spanglish has no future,” said Garrido, director of the institute created by the Spanish government to promote Spanish and Hispanic-American language and culture. “A person who doesn’t speak English well in the United States doesn’t have a future.” He fears “we’re going to end up speaking McSpanish, a sort of anglicised Spanish. I find it offensive the United States’ values and cultural mores, all of that, are transmitted through the language filter into Spanish culture.” A recent survey by the Los Angelesbased Cultural Access Group found 74 percent of 250 Hispanic youths surveyed in Los Angeles spoke Spanglish, most often with friends, other young people, and at home. “We don’t live neatly in two worlds. I teach my kids Spanish, yet my wife and I speak English to each other,” said Alcaraz, whose new Spanglish comic strip, “La Cucaracha,” will appear in newspapers next month. Spanglish is “its own unique point of view. It’s more of an empowering thing to us, to say we have a legitimate culture.” DEBORAH KONG, Associated Press, Monday, November 4, 2002.
The Power of Words • Unit 2
What strikes you in this photograph?
Key West, Florida, United States.
OVERVIEW 1 What sort of language is Spanglish? In what country
is it spoken? by whom? 2 Complete the following sentence.
The issue at stake in this article is …
ZOOM OUT 1 Do you sometimes spice up your French with foreign
words? Explain in what circumstances. 2 “A person who doesn’t speak English well in the United States doesn’t have a future.” (L. 70) Comment. 3 Imagine the hardships Hispanic immigrants have to face on arriving in America.
ZOOM IN 1 In what situation(s) would people use Spanglish? Justify by quoting from the text. 2 Where do they refuse to speak it?
What does it reveal about this language? 3 Find in the text why “Don Quixote” was translated into Spanglish.
TRANSLATE Traduisez de « The idea is ... » (L. 65) « ... doesn’t have a future. »(L. 72) en faisant particulièrement attention aux verbes et à la proposition relative.
➤
LANGUAGE WATCH P.
34
4 Some people think Spanglish has no future.
How do they justify their point? 5 Define the word “McSpanish” (L. 74) by quoting
WATCH YOUR WORDS
from the text. Why is this word pejorative? 6 Focus on vocabulary
Complete the following sentences with words from the text. a. “Full-time” is made up of an adjective, a ... and a noun. b. In America, Jennifer Lopez is now part of the ... culture. c. For breakfast, I usually ...butter and jam on a slice of bread. d. The success of a TV show depends on the number of its ... . e. “5,4,3,2,1, ignition” is what is said whenever a spacecraft is ... .
Immigration: to be integrated (into): s’intégrer à ● to suffer from ill-adjustment: souffrir d’inadaptation ● to abide \E"baId\ by one’s origins: rester fidèle à ses origines ● to be caught between two worlds: être partagé entre deux mondes ● to be cut off one’s roots: être coupé de ses racines ● to be uprooted: être déraciné ● to cross a culture: passer d’une culture à l’autre ● cultural wrench \rentS\ le déracinement culturel ● cultural background: le milieu culturel ● the clash of two cultures: le choc de deux cultures Language: to be bilingual \baI"lINgwEl\ être bilingue ● to speak fluently: parler couramment ● a mother tongue: une langue maternelle ● a language barrier \"bœrIEr\ une barrière linguistique
33
Text 2 Language watch Grammarama Les pronoms relatifs
Les subordonnées relatives
OBSERVATION
OBSERVATION
Spanglish is proof that Latinos have a culture that is made up of two parts. (L. 16)
䊳 “There are certain words or sayings that are just better in Spanish,” said Danny Lopez, who speaks Spanglish with friends and family. (L. 24)
䊳
A person who doesn’t speak English well in the United States doesn’t have a future. (L. 70)
䊳
… said Alcaraz, whose new Spanglish comic strip will appear in newspapers next month. (L. 89)
䊳
1
Dans les phrases ci-dessus, identifiez les pronoms relatifs ainsi que leur antécédent (le nom qu’ils remplacent). 2
Quel(s) pronoms(s) relatif(s) :
– exprime(nt) la possession ? – remplace(nt) une personne ? – remplace(nt) une chose ? 3 Par quel autre pronom relatif pourriez-vous remplacer celui de la première phrase ? Celui de la deuxième phrase ? which / that / who ? 4
Concluez
“Que beautiful it is to do nada, and then descansar despues,” reads one card, which translates to “How beautiful it is to do nothing, and then rest afterward.”
䊳
1 Dans les phrases 䊳 , identifiez les subordonnées relatives introduites par who et which. 2
Les subordonnées relatives de ces phrases sont-elles indispensables ? Qu’en est-il de celles 䊳 ? 3
Que remarquez-vous quant à la ponctuation des deux phrases 䊳 ? 4 Les relatives des deux premières phrases de la première partie sont dites déterminatives, alors que celles des phrases de la deuxième partie sont dites non déterminatives. À votre avis, qu’en est-il de la relative de la troisième phrase de la première partie ? 6
• Lorsque l’antécédent est une chose, on peut utiliser les pronoms relatifs … et … .
Les caractéristiques suivantes appartiennent-elles à des relatives déterminatives ou aux relatives non déterminatives ? • Elles peuvent contenir le relatif that. • Le pronom relatif est précédé d’une virgule. • Elles sont nécessaires pour que la phrase ait un sens. • Elles peuvent être supprimées sans changer le sens de la phrase.
MISE EN PRATIQUE
MISE EN PRATIQUE
Complétez les phrases suivantes avec le pronom relatif qui convient. S’il y a plusieurs solutions, indiquez-les toutes.
Complétez les phrases suivantes avec le pronom relatif qui convient et ajoutez des virgules en cas de besoin. a. My cousin John … lives in the United States is coming to visit me next week. b. Sarah’s father … is a doctor wants his daughter to take over his clinic. c. Could you pass me the file … is on your desk? d. The jumper … I bought last week is too small. e. The Riveiros … are Latinos enjoy watching Mexican sitcoms on cable TV.
• Le pronom relatif whose exprime … et se traduit le plus souvent par … . • Lorsque l’antécédent est une personne, on peut utiliser les pronoms relatifs ... et ... .
a. The professor … translated Don Quixote into Spanglish teaches at UCLA. b. Although Spanglish is getting more and more popular, there are many people … don’t like it. c. Mun2 is the only station … programmes are in Spanglish yet. d. Spanglish is a language … appeared only recently.
Phonology Classez les mots suivants en fonction de la prononciation des voyelles « ea » : [i…] [e] [i…eI] [IE] speaker • idea • create • fear • read (infinitive) • read (simple past) • neatly • teach • each • appear
34
The Power of Words • Unit 2
Views
1 Describe the setting of the cartoon (characters, probable place). 2 Sum up the arguments used by the characters to support or to question the “English Only Foundation”. 3 How would you describe the language used by the characters? 4 Does the character with glasses speak pure English? What does it reveal about him? 5 How can you account for the title of this comic strip: La Cucaracha? 6 What does the cartoonist want to underline in this cartoon?
WATCH YOUR WORDS to set up a petition: faire signer une pétition ● to fight against: se battre contre ● to be critical of: critiquer, trouver à redire ● to question: contester ● to support: soutenir ● to launch a campaign for / against: faire campagne pour / contre ● to be opposed to: être opposé à ● to assimilate into: s’assimiler, être assimilé à ● an advocate \"œdvEkIt\ un défenseur ● deep-rooted: profondément ancré
35
