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Supplementary Materials: Worksheet for Describing and Categorizing a Genocidal Event: A New Tool for Assembling More Objective Data and Classifying Events of Mass Killing Israel W. Charny
Israel Charny’s Worksheet for Describing & Categorizing a Genocidal Event: Data Collection & Analysis of Genocides in Multiple Sub-Categories Name of Researcher and/or Research Group__________________________________________________________________________________________Date____________________________ Researcher’s Age_____ Gender ____ Nationality_______________________ Ethnicity/Religion___________________________Geographical Location____________________________________ Researcher’s Basic Concept of Genocide____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Instructions: The Worksheet is not intended to be read vertically. Each horizontal row provides examples of the dimension being studied, but no significance or clustering of vertical columns is intended. When using this Worksheet, print each row on a separate page so that there is much more room for fact-gathering and interpretation by each researcher (a format of one row to a page is available on request to the author). The concept of a “Worksheet” is intended to convey an invitation to all scholars to edit, add, or expand the present Worksheet when assembling the facts of any given genocide, and also to propose structural changes in the basic model. Check off one or more categories as apply and add alternative concepts according to your judgment. Attach explanatory notes including references to source materials and to existing professional publications. Part I: ASSEMBLING DATA ABOUT AN EVENT OF MASS KILLING without reference to categorizing the event
1.
1a 1b 2a 2b
2.
GENOCIDAL INTENT (OBJECTIVE) & PROCESS-- Commanding Agency -Unfolding Progression -Specific Target -“Multiple Genocide” or “Omnicide” TARGETED VICTIM GROUP
A “Intentional Genocide” Total
B “Intentional Genocide” Partial
including -Genocidal Massacres
Racial
-‘Test’ Massacre to Consolidate Power Religious
C Implied or Emergent Intentionality of Genocide including genocide inferred from facts/actions seen on the ground
D Not Intentional Genocide
Ethnic
Political “Politicide”
e.g., Genocide as Crimes against Humanity or Manslaughter
E OTHER CONCEPTS -“Humanicide”; -“Democide”; “Atrocity Crimes”; - “Highly Violent Societies” -Ethnic cleansing -Genocidal Manslaughter” Gender “Gendercide”
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F “Accomplices to Genocide” -“Conspiracy to Commit Genocide” -“Facilitating Genocidal Act”
G -Genocide by Attrition -Genocide as a Result of Environmenta l or Ecological Destruction and Abuse –“Ecocide”
H Mass Killing -Territorial - Religious -Political “Politicide” - Ideological - Other Power Domination
I -Killing for killing’s sake “Necrophilia ” -Other
J “Cultural Genocide” - Ethnocide - Biological - Physical - Economic - Religious - Social - Linguicide
Sexual Preference
-Enemy Civilians in War -Expendable Civilians Own People , e.g., Iran’s use children mine detectors
-Membership in Collectivity -Children and Babies
Random - Concealing Intentional Target - Indiscriminate
Other -Intellectuals or any form of ‘People Wearing Glasses’ -Any (insane) Differentiation
3.
MEANS OF GENOCIDE
Execution by Hand or Contact Weapons
-Death Camps Concentration Camps, -Gulag, -Labor Camps -Prisons -Other
Forced March Deportation or Transfer
-Famine -Attrition
Medical Killing
-Mass Killing, -Gas Chambers -Mass Graves -Dedicated Crematoria -Other
Bombing Conventional - Saturation
-Transnational ‘Genocidal Terrorism -Suicide Bombing (designate location); -Other
4.
CONTEXT
-DehumanIzation and Demonization -Ideological Domination “Purifying” -Ethnic -Religious -Political -Economic Utopianism -Other Government
Genocide in an Aggressive Unjust War of Invasion, Expansion or Domination -Crimes against Humanity-War Crimes
Genocide in a Just War of SelfDefense -Crimes against Humanity -War Crimes
Genocidal Terrorism - National - Transnational
Colonization “Indigenocide” or Consolidation of Power
Revolution
Revenge “Retributive” (Fein) and/or Mutual Killing
Globalization, Industrial Development, or Resource Mining
Political Party
Church
Revolutionaries
Terrorists
Current Victim People Retaliating
Past Victim People Retaliating
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ORGANIZING AIMS & THEMES INSPIRATION IMAGOES
5.
IDENTITY OF PERPE TRATOR
WMD = Weapons of Mass Destruction - Nuclear - Biological - Chemical --Other Futuristic Weapons -Youth Bulge an emerging potential cause -Sexual Identity
Other -Rape -Preventing births -New WMD (specify) -Planetocide -Random Terrorism
Military Paramilitary Police , i.e., “Special” or “Secret” Forces
Crowd or “the People”
Other
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Roles in Perpetrating Genocide: ---------5a 5b
PERPETRATOR S
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-ACCOMPLICES
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-Killing for killing’s sake -Other
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-BYSTANDERS (groups & individuals) Specify each of above -Within Region -Outside Region
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6.
OUTCOME
Largely or Essentially Total Extinction
Substantial Extinction
Substantial Murders
“Genocidal Massacre” (Kuper), Pogrom
Deportation, Transfer, Exile
Other
6a
Numbers Killed
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6b
Percentage Of Group
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Time Span of Extermination RESPONSES TO GENOCIDE (Identify the subject in each column)
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a) Intervention
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b) ”Righteous” “Rescuers”
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c) Opposition
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d) Indifference & Allowance [overlaps 5c]
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6c 7.
Specify each of above -Within Region -Outside Region
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8.
SPECIFY OTHER IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OFTHE GENOCIDAL EVENT
Part II: JUDGMENTS: CATEGORIZING A GENOCIDAL EVENT These are judgments made by a specific analyst. Identify below more fully your feelings about your working definition of genocide and describe what you know to be your basic values about genocide. More about My Basic Working Definition of Genocide__________________________________________________________________________________________________ Basic Values about Genocide_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
AXIS I:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
Intentional Genocide
Some Degree of Intentional Genocide
Ethnic Cleansing
Crimes Against Humanity
Politicide
Ecocide
Mass Murder -Targeted -Targeted with Indifferent Randomness -Random within Larger Target
“First Degree Genocide”
“Second Degree Genocide”
“Third Degree Genocide”
Crimes Against Humanity
Genocide as Manslaughter
“Accomplice to Genocide” (Charny)
Attempted Genocide
Cultural Genocide -Mental Harm -Life Conditions Bringing Destruction -Preventing Births -Transfer No Criminal Responsi-bility
Cultural Genocide
CLASSIFICATION OF GENOCIDE IN INTELLECTUAL, POLITICAL & SOCIAL SCIENCE LANGUAGE 10.
AXIS II: CLASSIFICATION OF LEGAL DEGREE OF RESPONSIBILITY* Please name your specific legal framework: ______________ ______________
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* Raphael Lemkin is, of course, the originator of the concept of genocide. The above classification is based largely on prevailing legal usage under the U.N. Genocide Convention pioneered by Lemkin, and as it is since interpreted and expanded by international courts, including ICTR, ICTY, ICJ, ICC, and the European Court of Human Rights. The concepts of degrees of genocide, comparable to degrees of murder, are taken from a proposal advanced, first by Ward Churchill in Alternatives, 1986. In the endnotes of this paper, the reader will find a group of selected references to many of the concepts that appear in this Worksheet; in many cases these references are to the original publication in which the concept was first introduced. (It is obviously impossible to give all the references since these embody the entire literature of genocide studies.)
© July 7, 2016 Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide. Revised in response to feedback with special thanks to Professors Samuel Totten, Michael Bazyler, and Henry Theriault; © Revised for Presentation to First International Conference of Open University of Israel for the Study of Holocaust and Genocide, November 2014; © Revised for Publication in GPN GENOCIDE PREVENTION NOW, Issue 12 (www.genocidepreventionnow.org) November 2012; © Revised for Presentation to International Society of Political Psychology, Paris, July 2008; © Revised for Presentation at Congress at University of Buenos Aires, November 2007; © Revised Presentation to Seminar at Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan, March 2004; © First draft originally presented to International Association of Genocide Scholars in Galway, Ireland, June 2003.
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