Dr OP Murty MBBS, MD Professor, Forensic Medicine ...

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Sep 16, 2017 - Middle aged – hormonal , economic , second .... Second opinion in complicated cases. • Expert opinion in relation to body injuries and behavior.
Crime against women – Investigation of homicide and suicide cases (Dr.BBL Aggarwal Oration delivered on 16/09/2017 at SRM

Bareilly UP , India )

ICFMT Conference 2017

Welcome

Dr O P Murty MBBS, MD Professor, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology , AII India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi

CAW •There is a long list of crimes against women in this region . •A list of POSSIBLE crimes is given here

Some identified crimes against women

                

Sexual Harassment Eve teasing Sexual offences e.g. Rape, Sodomy Sex murders Suicide (Hanging/poisoning/ Fall ) Murder Honor killing Domestic violence Maid Abuse Forced prostitution Female Trafficking for sexual and bonded labor Drug traffickers Disputed maternity/ paternity Dowry related deaths Feticide Infanticide Dev Dassi -sex workers for religious priests

             

Organ trafficking Child abuse/ rape Starvation and neglect Abandoned new born baby female Kidnapping case and rape Organized gang for trafficking Extortion rackets, etc. Female feticide Sex Industry –Pornographic films Entertainment and pub industry Dowry related deaths Acid throwing – Vitriolage Genital mutilation Human sacrifice – witch practice

 Mass rape on out of cult marriages … so on………………..

Use of Forensic Tools during investigation of women related cases • Medical examination for injury examination and retrieval of biological specimens like semen , saliva , male epithelial cells, Mouth( buccal) cells, foreign fibers ,foreign hairs , botanical material to establish link , lubricant used , condom lubricants , aborted material , fetus • Use of technology – Mobile phone , voice recording , video making , SMS, emails , forwards , eve teasing incidents , harassment acts, phone call details • Social security systems - CCTV footage for presence , identification and activity performed • Use of scientific techniques for identity from stains – DNA profiling , Blood grouping

• Chemical analysis for sedatives , hypnotics , illicit drugs , poisonous substances

Female Homicide • Investigating cases of homicide. Some sections are briefly mentioned for ready reference. • IPC 299, 300, 301 , 302 , 303, 304 , 307 , 308 with … or without following additional sections • Dowry related sections - 498A , 304 B • Sexual harassment -354 IPC • Trafficking section 470 IPC • Basically law is same for any kind of adult murder • Reasons , intentions and methods ….

Female homicides

back ground

issues

• Rape and murder- no age bar is there but more commonly seen from age of menarche( puberty) to age of menopause ( around 55 years ). • Paranoid husbands – over doubtful about chastity of spouse • Murder by jilted lovers / Adulterous partner is becoming quite common • Murder by unrelated person in isolation/ transportation , rape and murder mania • Honor killing – sexual activity becomes an issue of honor in some segments of the society

Children , strangers , during transportation , kidnapping and

Frank rape cases

rape Recreational sex Infertility

and

Both partners are happy but something went wrong rape

under Religious and fictitious therapists Baba / Guru

deceitful means Borderline cases

Co -worker , students , proximity may be there or may not be there

Live-in relationship cases

Willingly living together , sex may or may not be part of understanding

Adulterous

relationship

and Activity of passion and opportunity with will

murder on detection Custody

police ,hospital , jail Using position and power and exploiting females under their

,children

protection

home

, care and custody

women shelter Commercial sex

Sex for assured money , not paid or used by more people , dispute resulting in murder

Black mailers , extortion and Traps , commercial angle, espionage by implanting paid girls – racketeers of sex trade

honey traps/ Golden Girls

Adulterous relationship : • Sexual relationship with already married • These adulterous relations have grave consequences • 20-30 % are having adulterous relations at any given time ……..

Jilted lover ….. • nagging , • angry on infidelity • disregard to • frequent fights over minor relations , issues , • contemptuous behavior, • taunting , • selfishness , • physical inadequacy

Murder in entertainment industry Bar dancing , • in group fight Club service , • refusal of bar tenders , sexual Guest relation overtures, officers( GRO 1 • molestation to III) ,

Travel Industry

attending guest , travelling alone , refusing sexual demands , money disputes lead to such murders.

Murder by gang of drug traffickers

fake money supplier on refusal of task or leakage of information

Blackmailer … Murder by person who was blackmailed or exploited or extorted , • recorded conversation , • video of objectionable posture , • nude body , bathroom shots , • sexual acts shots , • intimate relationship shots etc.

Mismatch couples ..

Mismatch couples on caste , religion and economical , educational fronts face harassment and elimination

Exposure ……

• Financial debts • Frauds • Predicting tedious time due to exposure of fraud , • cheating.

Robbery…….. Murder by robbers – senior citizen to eliminate for property or valuables. main motive is intention of theft, or revengeful behavior on expulsion or rebuking for wrong doings.

•Injuries in Sexual assault

164(2)Cr PC (2) The Registered medical Practitioner , to whom such woman is sent . Shall without delay , examine her person and prepare a report of his examination giving the following particulars , namely:(i) the name and address of the woman and of the person whom she by was brought; (ii) The age of women; (iii)The description of material taken from the person og woman for DNA profiling ; (iv) Marks of injury , if any , on the person of women ; (v)General mental condition of the woman; and (vi) Other material particulars in reasonable detail ( 3) Reasons for conclusion (4 ) consent (5) Timings of examination and report (6) Handing over immediately (7) Nothing lawful if no consent

Examination of victim  Step 1 : Preliminary information  Step 2 :History taking  Step 3 : Examination of clothes  Step 4:General Physical examination – Inspection of body ;Scalp hair ; collection of evidence from stains; nail examination  Step 5: Genital examination  Step 6: Sample collection  Step 7: Special Technique  Step 8: Age determination

Evidence • • • • •

Injury recording Photographs Blood for DNA comparison Vaginal swabs , slides Salivary material from sucking and licking sites • Clothing • Dental impression • Mouth swabs culture for organisms

Samples • Medical diagnosis – disease • Forensic analysis - contact confirmation and Identification

Homicidal Firearm Injury on objection to open urination

Pissing here

Honor killing • is a murder of a female by family members as they feel that female brought disgrace, dishonor and bad name for their family honor. • It is done by brothers , cousins , parents or husband or in laws. • Premarital sexual relations, love affairs with poor or lower socio-economical caste are main reasons. • If a young couple of different religion , same caste , prohibited relationship is caught red handed then also such killings can be there.

Nose cutting

•Murder- Suicide cases First murder the female and then kill himself

• • • • • • • • • • •

Basic role of Investigating Officer is to obtain : FIR / information details and inquest Scene details Seizures from spot Motive of accused Connectivity of accused with incident Presence of accused – CCTV / Witness / Mobile Any biological or trace material of accused on scene Weapon used for executing Cause of death certification Manner and causation of injuries clarified Accused medical examination if any injury sustained during fight

Female suicides • Suicide is self –killing ,for investigating purpose if self- killing has no role of any other person in abetting this act then case is closed as simple suicide. • It is a complex issue when there are allegations or investigator finds that person was compelled or provoked to commit this act then it attracts certain sections of the law.

Female suicides can be divided • Adolescent group – educational reasons , teenager love , emotional , impulsive acts , • Adult unmarried – love affairs, looks, rejection , failure , rape , unwanted pregnancy • Adult married – adjustment , abuse , maltreatment , extramarital affair on either side, dowry-related , • Middle aged – hormonal , economic , second marriages , mental illness , economical • Old age – depression , diseases, abuse , dementia …

Method of Suicide in female cases • Hanging – most common, complications arise from recovery in open house , no suicide note , injuries are present , other methods are also tried, pregnancy is there • Poisoning – next common, cheap , easily available substance , • Jumping from heights- in cities - in high rising buildings or houses • Burns – rural , semi urban areas – pattern of burns , dying declaration • Drowning in local water bodies – well , canal , pond, river , ocean , lake as available. • Self inflicted injuries - cutting wrist , neck slitting, stabbing , firearm etc. • Railway track – jumping in front of lying on track • Suicide by other means- medicine overdoses , illicit drugs , electrocution , jumping in front of running vehicle etc.

IPC 107. Abetment of a thing• A person abets the doing of a thing, who • First- Instigates any person to do that thing; or • Secondly- Engages with one or more other person or persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing, if an act or illegal omission takes place in pursuance of that conspiracy, and in order to the doing of that thing; or • Thirdly- Intentionally aids, by any act or illegal omission, the doing of that thing.

IPC 306. Abetment of suicide• If any person commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such suicide, • shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.

Requirement to prove … Abetment angle Self –infliction Corroboration

and Compatibility with scene and circumstances

Suicide Investigation points • History – personal , family , medical , finance , job • scene details – position • circumstances • autopsy findings • to cross check is bound duty of every forensic man and investigator in the interest of justice.

Investigation .. • Embarrassment and humiliation acts of bribes , involved in crime etc. • Embarrassment and humiliation on account of nude / objectionable pictures in social media- with invent of video recording by mobiles and secret devices in bathrooms , many females are forced to commit suicide by seeing their nude pictures in social media or internet. • Sex angle – can on either side , mainly extra marital affairs

• Relationship/ adjustment problems – dream world is shattered due to realities of life. • Behavioral and mood problems during menstrual periods –some have serious behavioral problem, obsession, myopic vision and thoughts , going into past bad experiences. • Conception out of wedlock –pregnancy from other than husband.

Investigation ….. • Forced Abortions due to sex of fetus – female feticide in some segment of the country. • Pregnancy in unmarried and widow females –On detection they commit suicide to avoid bullying and taunting by society/ family. • Adulterous relationship – detection of consensual adulterous relationship either by wife or husband. • Murder of either female and her paramour or murder of husband or suicide by female are common out comes.

Investigation…… • Infatuations – one side infatuations, sexual overtures • Sexual exploitation by trusted person / prohibited relationship • Commercial sexual activity and rejection or intra group rivalry • Recreational sexual activity – group ,

Investigation…… • Sexual dysfunction of male – impotency in males, due to conservative values at times females are not able communicate and consider committing suicide is a better option in these circumstances. • Over suspicious or mentally ill or addict husband/partner – always suspecting sexual faithful and un- holiness of holy genital hole. • Family discord – dissatisfaction on multiple fronts , poor sex life , poor economics, jobs , scarcity of space , money and non-fulfillment of desires. • Dowry angle – demanding beyond the capacity of parents of girl, unbearable. Harassment of girl if no fulfillment of greed is there.

Honor Suicide • Honor killing –Unmarried girl is compelled by disgrace , family honor , frequent rebuking , taunting and physical beating to commit suicide- Honor suicide . • It can also happen in married whose spouse are away for long time and they get entangled in love affair beyond family members. • Lack of Financial support – majority are dependent on males for financial support , economical deprivation even for basic requirement, scarcity of money

Investigation • Unemployed husband – reason again is economical and fulfillment of need of family ‘s survival expenditure. • Insecurity – in life and protection • Physical beating – impulsive , abusive , punitive , or systematic torture • Over interference by parents or in -laws side in family and personal affairs. • Inferiority complex of physical appearance – dark complexion , acne disfiguration , too fat or too thin , height issues • Failure in love – rejection , sexual exploitation and then discarding • Failure in examination – school going and performance problems

• Menstrual blues- In premenstrual and menstrual phase , there is hormonal imbalance and water collection . In these phase many females become over sensitive and depressive , even on very trivial issue they can commit suicide. • Depressed mood, severe anxiety and tension, shifting in mood tearful to over sensitive , severe irritability, increased conflicts, sweet craving , bloated bodies , severe tender bodies , hopeless, lack of energy, headache, cramps ;check • Treatment -fluoxetine / paroxetine /citalopram ; Anxiolyticalpralozam/buspirone/Clonazapam/lorazepam / Diuretic, etc.( With consultation with Physician)

Investigation • Hypothyroidism is associated with paranoid and depressive behavior with weight gain , may suicides are seen in this situation • Mental illness- personality and organic causes of mental illness. • Teasing or bullying by goondas – difficult movements and living due to local goondas • In -laws feud – sister- in- law , mother- in -law etc. • Pregnancy – Hormonal changes in early pregnancy

History of case • Previous attempts • Previous threats • Behavior during premenstrual and menstrual period • Any impulsive act • Any depression • Any humiliation • Separation

Findings which make case easier • Bolted / closed from inside premises • Recovery of body in original position and consistent findings • Recovery of suicide note • Verifiable incidence or even happening in the recent / current time or underlying disease or cause is there.

Findings which complicate the case are

• • • • • • •

Presence of physical injuries Physical and mental abuse incidences Previous feuds and complaints Physical beating / torture Malnourishment Bodies are found in open premises Assault is suspected

• Drugging or intoxication possibility • Other method of killing is present in the body like heady injury, strangulation , smothering . Method which is not possible / unlikely by self • Body is disposed of in panicky of situation or fear of recovery dead in one’s premises. • Abatement charge is there and it is looking apparent on investigation or finding is there like fresh sexual assault / pregnancy

Suicides

Suicide on railway tracks Railway

Suicide by Jumping from Height

What forensic medicine and toxicology department can offer ? • • • • •

Medical examination Crime scene evaluation Reconstruction of crime scene Second opinion in complicated cases Expert opinion in relation to body injuries and behavior • Suicide Note Analysis • Histopathology in medico-legal cases , if relevant and recommended

• If a person is determined to commit a suicide then it is very difficult to prevent until unless proper treatment is taken. • To counsel is an easy term which is daunting task to implement it in practical life as one has to make a receptive patient / ground first then only something else will penetrate in the mind and thoughts of an obsessed person.

Police Inquest findings / Check points / screening of circumstances • Sketch of body at scene – place , condition, clothing , items • Things/ items present at scene – note , poison, instrument, weapon • Condition of body – fresh , decomposed , skeletonized • Apparent cause – like hanging , poisoning , jumping , neck cut , wrist cut , injections • Statement of family and friends / occupants of house / neighborhood- disturbed behavior , relationship , usual routine

Investigation .. • Previous attempts – poisoning , overdose, wrist cuts , self harming activities • Treatment records - medicine intake , counseling , psychiatric diagnosis • Photographs from different angles – distant , mid- range , close –up , close-up details of mouth , neck , wrist , nails, injection site , suspension point , jumping point

• Emotional balance – unpredictable behavior , claspknife attitude , reaction to trivial issues , proving point by fair or unfair means and practices , • Suicide note contents - message , feeling , circumstances, condition , physical health , narrowing of thoughts • Clothing search – medicine, note , poison • Body search – writing message , • Autopsy/ PM findings – cause of death , single cause / multiple means tried , physical findings of abuse , beating , malnutrition , sadistic sexual acts , unnatural sexuality , defloration , presence of semen, pregnancy, signs of abortions

• Blackmailing threats – getting from lover , exploiter , mistake finder, stalkers , • Humiliations acts – degrading words , public insult , demeaning and forceful acts like eating decomposed food , feces, drinking urine , eating with dogs , sodomizing , inserting objects into vagina or anus etc. • Bank status – sudden flow or outflow of money , bankruptcy, no regular income or source • Disturbed relationship – disturbed family due to employment , money , extra marital affairs , alcoholism , drug abuse , conflicts , over or under attention ,

• Abusive relationship – beating , sexual exploitation , • Social conflicts – caste conflicts , business rivalry • Caste prejudices – caste divided society , old practices of jobs / task , taken for granted , physically , economically and educationally weaker communities , deprived people • Social practices – self- immolation acts of sati , making females bald and forcing widow dress,

• Computer search – any message , material , research on suicidal methods • Email account – recent emails of emotional out burst , blessings, blame, altruistic attitude , well wishing text and hidden message , frequency • Mobile SMS/ MMS/ voice recording / video – acts , blacking , secret recording , • Recent calls – contact with people , text of their conversation, person contacted • Recent Facebook messages – expression of will , thoughts , bye message • Chat messages – contents , emotional status

Social Forensic Message

• There is always some stressor in human life so coping skills should be developed among people. • Suicide is neither an option nor recommended by any religious book.

Thanks