Dry green leaves of Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) to prevent ...

Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 37(3) 2017, 119

›¢ȱ›ŽŽ—ȱ•ŽŠŸŽœȱ˜ȱ—’Š—ȱŠ•–˜—ȱ(Terminalia catappa) ˜ȱ™›ŽŸŽ—ȱœ›Ž™˜Œ˜ŒŒŠ•ȱ’—ŽŒ’˜—ȱ’—ȱ “žŸŽ—’•Žœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ’•Žȱ’•Š™’Šȱ(Oreochromis niloticus) M. Lusiastuti1, T. Taukhid1, I. Anggi2 and D. Caruso3* 1

Balai Penelitiandan Pengembangan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPPBAT) Jln. Sempur No 1 Bogor 16154, Indonesia; 2IRD–ISEM 226 Graha Kapital Lantai 4 Jalan Kemang

Raya n°4 Jakarta 12730, Indonesia; 3IRD–ISEM 226 Université de Montpellier, Bat 22, CC 065, Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France

Abstract  ˜ȱŒ˜—ŒŽ—›Š’˜—œȱ˜ȱ›¢ȱ•ŽŠŸŽœȱ’—ȱ™˜ Ž›ȱǻśȱŠ—ȱŗŖȱƖȱ’—ȱŽŽǼȱ˜ȱTerminalia catappa (CombretaŒŽŠŽǼȱ Ž›ŽȱŽ–‹ŽŽȱ’—ȱŠȱ꜑ȱŽŽȱ˜ȱ™›ŽŸŽ—ȱŠ—ȱ•’–’ȱ‘Žȱ’–™ŠŒȱ˜ȱStreptococcus agalactiae in “žŸŽ—’•Žœȱ˜ȱOreochromis niloticusǯȱ’œ‘ȱ Ž›ŽȱŽȱ ’‘ȱ‘’œȱŽ—›’Œ‘ŽȱŽŽȱ˜›ȱŗśȱŠ¢œȱ‹Ž˜›ŽȱŒ‘Š••Ž—Žȱ ’œŽŠœŽȱŠ—ȱž—’•ȱŘŗȱŠ¢œȱŠŽ›ȱŒ‘Š••Ž—Žǯȱ‘ŽȱŒž–ž•Š’ŸŽȱ’—Œ’Ž—ŒŽȱ˜ȱ’œŽŠœŽȱŠ—ȱ–˜›Š•’¢ȱ Ž›Žȱ œ’—’ęŒŠ—•¢ȱ›ŽžŒŽȱ’—ȱ›ŽŠŽȱ꜑ȱŒ˜–™Š›Žȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŒ˜—›˜•œǯȱ‘Žȱ›Ž•Š’ŸŽȱ™Ž›ŒŽ—ȱœž›Ÿ’ŸŠ•ȱǻǼȱ  Ž›ŽȱŝŞƖȱŠ—ȱŜŘƖǰȱ›Žœ™ŽŒ’ŸŽ•¢ȱ˜›ȱŗŖȱŠ—ȱśƖȱ˜ȱ•ŽŠŸŽœȱ™˜ Ž›ȱŠŽȱ’—ȱ‘ŽȱŽŽǯȱ˜ȱ—ŽŠ’ŸŽȱ ’–™ŠŒȱ˜—ȱŒ˜—’’˜—ȱŠŒ˜›ǰȱ Ž’‘ȱŠ’—ȱŠ—ȱœ™ŽŒ’ęŒȱ›˜ ‘ȱ›ŠŽȱ Ž›Žȱ˜‹œŽ›ŸŽȱ’—ȱ꜑ȱŽȱ ’‘ȱ ›¢ȱ›ŽŽ—ȱ•ŽŠŸŽœȱ˜ȱT. catappa.

Introduction ’쎛Ž—ȱœ™ŽŒ’Žœȱ˜ȱœ›Ž™˜Œ˜ŒŒžœȱŠ›Žȱ›Žœ™˜—œ’‹•Žȱ˜ȱ’œŽŠœŽȱ’—ȱ’•Š™’Šȱ’—ȱœ’Š—ȱŒ˜ž—›’Žœǰȱ

œ–Š••ȱœŒŠ•Žȱ꜑ȱŠ›–Ž›œȱ˜Ž—ȱ˜ȱ—˜ȱ–ŠœŽ›ȱ

however, epidemiological studies have shown

‘ŽȱžœŽȱ˜ȱŠ—’‹’˜’Œœǯȱ‘’œȱ–Š¢ȱŒ˜—›’‹žŽȱ˜ȱ ‘Žȱ™›˜–˜’˜—ȱ˜ȱŠ—’‹’˜’Œȱ›Žœ’œŠ—ŒŽȱ ’‘’—ȱ

that Streptococcus agalactiae is the dominant bac-

bacterial communities and increase the presence

teria involved in streptococcal disease (Amal et

˜ȱ›Žœ’žŠ•ȱŠ—’‹’˜’Œȱ ’‘’—ȱ‘Žȱ̎œ‘ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ꜑ǯȱ

al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2013; Jantrakajorn et al., ŘŖŗŚǼǯȱ‘’œȱ’œȱŠ•œ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŒŠœŽȱ’—ȱ—˜—Žœ’Šȱǻžœ’Šœ-

˜‘ȱŠ›ŽȱœŽ›’˜žœȱŒ˜—ŒŽ›—œȱ˜›ȱ™ž‹•’Œȱ‘ŽŠ•‘ǰȱŠ—ȱ

ž’ȱŽȱŠ•ǯǰȱŘŖŗŚǼǰȱŽŸŽ—ȱ’ȱS. iniae and Lactococcus

–’œžœŽȱǻŠ—ȱŠ‹žœŽǼȱ˜ȱŠ—’‹’˜’Œœȱ’œȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›Žȱ a dangerous and unsustainable practice in aq-

garviaeȱ Ž›ŽȱŠ•œ˜ȱ˜ž—ȱǻ—œ‘Š›¢ȱŽȱŠ•ǯǰȱŘŖŗŚǼȱ’—ȱ

uaculture. Disease prevention using vaccines is

’•Š™’Šȱ̘Š’—ȱŒŠŽœǯȱ—’‹’˜’ŒœȱŠ›ŽȱŒ˜––˜—•¢ȱ and Klesius, 1997) but antimicrobial resistance is already observed in S. agalactiae (Faria et

Šȱ”Ž¢ȱŠ™™›˜ŠŒ‘ȱ˜ȱꐑ’—ȱ’œŽŠœŽœDzȱ‘˜ ŽŸŽ›ǰȱ ŠȱŒ˜––Ž›Œ’Š•ȱŸŠŒŒ’—Žȱ˜›ȱ‹˜‘ȱ‹’˜¢™ŽȱŗȱŠ—ȱŘȱ ˜ȱS. agalactiae is still not available and vaccine Œ˜œœȱ–Š¢ȱ—˜ȱ‹ŽȱŠě˜›Š‹•Žȱ˜›ȱœ–Š••ȬœŒŠ•Žȱ꜑ȱ

Š•ǯǰȱŘŖŗŚDzȱž””Š—ŠȱŽȱŠ•ǯǰȱŘŖŗŜǼǯȱž›‘Ž›–˜›Žǰȱ

Š›–Ž›œǯȱ˜›ȱŠ••ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽœŽȱŒ˜—œ’Ž›Š’˜—œǰȱŠ•Ž›—Š-

used against streptococcal disease (Shoemaker

Șȱ˜››Žœ™˜—’—ȱŠž‘˜›ȂœȱŽȬ–Š’•DZȱ˜–Ž—’Œ˜ǯŒŠ›žœ˜ȓ’›ǯ›