fragments. In facr, so lirtle Poiykpir foresr remains in rhe high Andes char ir was nor regarded as being of conservarion concern and local peasants afren believe.
ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF HIGH-ANDEAN POLYLEPIS FORESTS Sebastian K. Herzog', Jennifer Cahill M.', Jon Fjeldsa2, Michael KesslerJ, EricYensen4, TeresaTarifas, Jose Caprilese, Erika Fern6ndezTerrazas7,Isabel1 Hensen', Pierre L. Ibisch9, Ingrid LoayzalO, Daniel Renison", Eduardo Della~assa'~, Eliana Flores Bed~egal'~, Ana M. Cingolani': Daniel Lorenzo", Erik Matthy~en'~, Duilio S ~ h i n n e r ' ~Rodrigo , Soria A ,: Alejandra Troncoso J,.' Bertil Stahl", AntonioVilaseca'o
'
Centro de Biodiversidad y Genetica. Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Casilla 538, Cochabamba. Bolivien; current address: lnstitut fur Vogelforschung Vogelwarte Helgoland:' An der Vogelwarte 21,26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany 2Zoo10gicalMuseum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark 3Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut fur Pflanzenwissenschafien,Abteilung Systematische Botanik. Untere Karspule 2,37073 Goningen, Germany 'Department of Biology, Albertson College, Caldwell, ldaho 83605, USA SColeccionBoliviana De Fauna; current address: Museum of Natural History, Albertson College, Caldwell, ldaho 83605, USA 6Carrerade Arqueologia, Universitad Mayor de San Andres. Casilla 499, La Paz, Bolivia 'Herbaria Forestal Nacionai "Martin Cardenas", Casilla 538. Cochabamba, Bolivia 81nstitutefor Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 HalleISaale, Germany *Fundacion Amigos de la Naturaleza. Casilla 2241, Santa Cruz. Bolivia 'OCentro de Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Programa Agroquimico. Facultad de Ciencias y Technologia, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Casilla 992, Cochabamba, Bolivia "CPedra de Ecologia General. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, C.C. 122, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina I2Catedrande Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Reptiblica. Avda. General Flores 2124. CP - 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay '31nstituto de Conservacion e lnvestlgacion de la Biodiversidad, Casilla 499. La Paz, Bolivia "lnstituto Muitidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal, C.C. 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina 'SLaboratoryof Animal Ecology, Department of Biology. University of Anhverp, 8-2610 Antwerp, Belgium '@CAVCP,C.C. 90, 5152 V. Carlos Paz, P. de Cordoba, Argentina "Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15. DK-2100 Copenhagen. Denmark; current address: Botanical Institute, Goteborg University, PO. Box 461, SE-40530 Goteborg, Sweden
CONTENTS
............... T H E "POLYLEPS PROBLEM: WHERE DO WE STAND! M. K ~ I .I. .~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . POLYLEPIS FORESTS - INTRODUCTION. S. K Henog & J. C M M .
94 97
POLYLEPIS FORESTS - VESTIGES OF A VANISHING ECOSYSTEM IN T H E ANDES. J.fieIdrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111
KEY AREAS FOR CONSERVING T H E AVIFAUNA O F POLYLEPIS FORESTS. 1. f i e k h d . . .
125
COMPOSITTON AND STRUCTURE OF AVIAN MIXED-SPECIESFLOCKS IN A HIGH-ANDEAN MILKEPIS FOREST IN BOLIVIA. S. K Her% R SoriaA., A. Tmncmj. 6 E Man&n
133
hlA5l\.l.AIS O F ROI.I\'I.AN POI.YI.EPlS W001)I.AVDS: GUILD STRIJ(.'IIIKI: AND DI\'ER(I I'Y PATTERNS IN THL \Y8ORLD'SH l G l IFST \V'OODLAVDS f Y n r m 8 7' hnh . DNERSITYAND PHYTOGEOGMPHY O F THEVASCULAR FLORA OFTHE POLYLE'PIS
145
93
FORESTS OF THE CORDILLERA DE COCHABAMBA, BOLIVIA. E. Ferndnd~zErr& B.St2hl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
163
IMPACTS OF ANTRHOPOGENIC ACTNITY O N THE VEGETATION OF MILKEPIS WOODLANDS INTHE REGION O F COCHABAMBA, BOLIMA. I. Hcmcn . . . . . . . . . . . . .
183
r\:4I.L1,4TION OFA R U R N C)E\TI OPhlFNT 1'UC)JFCT IU SOLTHWFSTCOCI IAHAMH, BOLI\IA. AND ITS A(;KtOKESl'IIY .\CTI\lTIFS IN\'OLVING POLYLEPI~5BES.TR1 AND OTHERNATIVE SPECIES - A DECADE OF LESSONS LEARNED. /? L. 1bich . . . . . . .
205
O~MIZING RESTORATION O F POLYZEP(SAUSTMISWO0DLANDS: WHEN, WHERE AND H O W T O TRANSPLANT SEEDLINGS T O THE MOUNTAINS! D. Rmiron, A. M. Cingohni & D. Srhinno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 19
T H E ECONOMIC, SYMBOLIC, AND SOCIAL IMPORTANCE O F T H E "KENUA (POLYLEPS SSP) DURING PREHISPANIC TIMES IN T H E ANDEAN HIGHLANDS O F BOLIMA.JM. Capiicr & E Flons Bedngnl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
225
CI I.ARA(:rFKI%AI'ION O F T H E ESSENTIAL 011. AND EX'IKAi I < FRO.\! 1 HE AERIAL I',Wl'i OF KT1 l111rC'4 .POI.YI./iPlS RFSSFRI) I L m p , L A 1$1, r..rr, 17 l o r ~ u w&! E r)~/hmo
