EFFECT OF STORAGE CONTAINERS ON THE SEED

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ISSN: 2309-7892, Volume: 2, Issue: 2, Page: 100-103, October-December, 2014

Review Paper

EFFECT OF STORA GE CONTAINERS ON THE SEED QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF DESHI JUTE (Corchorus capsularis L.) M. A. I. P ulok *1, M. M. Hossain 2, H. E. M. K. Mazed 3, S. T. Mahabub 3 and S. Sarmin 1 M. A. I. Pulok, M. M. Hossain, H. E. M. K. Mazed, S. T. Mahabub and S. Sarmin (2014). Effect of Storage Containers on the Seed Quality Attributes of Deshi Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). Int. J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Res. 2(2): 100-103. Retrieve from http://www.ijbssr.com/currentissueview/14013059 Received Date: 03/09/2014

Acceptance Date: 25/09/2014

Published Date: 05/10/2014

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of storage containers (Tin container, plastic pot and earthen pot) on the quality (Moisture content, 1000 seeds weight and germination) of desh jute seed for two months storage at the Agronomic Laboratory, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhake-1207 during the period March to July, 2014. Desh jute seeds were stored with moisture level of 10.0% in ambient condition. Moisture content of the seeds of tin container was found increased significantly to 11.8% for initial moisture content 10.0%. Slowly decreasing of germination from 85.00 to 75.00% was observed in the seeds of tin container with lower moister content of 11.8% then that of plastic pot and earthen pot. Interaction effects were showed better performance with the container than the others i.e. plastic pot and earthen pot.

Key words: Jute, Storage containers, Moisture content. Introduction There are two cultivated species of jute namely, Corchorus olitorius L. (Tossa jute) and Corchorus capsularis L. (Deshi jute). Jute plays a very important role in Bangladesh economy and earns about 12 13% of total foreign currency by exporting jute and jute goods (BBS, 2011). Total world production o f jute is about 4500 -4600 thousand tons. Bangladesh ranks s econd inrespect of fiber production and jute alone contributes about 1.58% to GDP without involved any foreign investment. In 2012-2013, 1523 thousand tones of jute fiber were produced from 7 lack hectares of land (BBS, 2012). This time Bangladesh requires 4000-4500 MT of jute seed annually but production is only 800-1000 MT in BADC. The farmers produced 400-600 MT. Rest of the demand is met up by importing form India. It is a need for the recent time to increase the production of jute. The area under jute has gone down due to scarcity of quality jute s eed. Healthy s eeds can produce good crop. Good s eeds can increas e production 10-15%. In order to maintain crop quality good seeds should be maintain. Storage of seed is an important factor on which the seed quality greatly depends. Without proper storage, seed quality is degraded (Islam, 2009). The seeds from harvested crops are for at least 8 months before sowing in th e next season. The deterioration of stored s eed becom es faster i f the s eeds are not properly dried and the atmosphere is not controlled (Delouche et al., 1973). Many factors det ermine the longevity of seeds during storage. These include seed moisture content, temperature, relative humidity, initial viability, stage of maturity at harvest, storage gas and the initial moisture content of seed entering into the storage (Harrington, 1972). Moisture is one of the major factors contributing to the deterioration during storage of durabl e agricultural products in the tropics and sub-tropics. The lower range of moisture content of seeds storaed in plastic container probably help to maintain the seed quality during the storage period. Moisture percent, germination and vigour were di ffered significantly due to storage container and storage condition applied except 1000 seed weight (Islam, 2002). The storage container influenced seed moisture content and germination throughout the storage period from December to June. In jute sack, seed moisture rose sharply and it provided adverse effect upon seed quality and thus seed quality retarded sharply. With the about background, an experiment was conduct ed to evaluat e the effect of storage container and di fferent stage periods on the quality attributes to deshi jute seeds.

*Corresponding Authors Email: [email protected] 1MS Student, Seed Technology Discipline, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University , Dhaka-1207. 2Assistant Director (Outreach program), Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University , Dhaka-1207. 3MS student, Department of Horticulture , Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University , Dhaka-1207.

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Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Laboratory, Sher-e-Bangl a Agri cultural University, Dhake-1207 during the period March to July, 2014. Jute seeds were collect ed form BADC and variety was BJRI deshi pat-1. The experiment eas laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. The storage containers - Tin container, Plastic pot and Earthen pot and seven storage period - 0 day, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days, 60 days, 75 days and 90 days. The seeds were stored at room temperature and relative humidity in tin container, plastic pot and earthen pot. 1000 seeds weight and moisture content was determined at every 15 days during experimental period. Moister content was det ermined by using constant temperature oven dry method (125-130°C, 2 hrs) and 1000 seeds weight as following International Rules of Seed Testing (ISTA, 1999). Germination test was done by Blotter method of seed health testing (ISTA, 1999). The analysis of the individual character was done for all characters under study using the mean values and was estimated using MSTAT-C computer programme. Duncan’s New Multiple Range test (DMRT) was perform ed for all the characters to compare variations among treatments. Results and Discussion Effect of storage containers on moisture content of jute seeds: Effect of storage containers on the moisture content of deshi jute seed at di fferent storage periods is presented in Table 1 and Table 4. Initial moisture content was 10.0% for all storage containers. Storage containers signi ficantly influenced moisture content. The highest moisture content (13.2%) was recorded in earthen pot and the lowest moisture content (11.8%) was recorded in tin container at 90 DAS (Table 1). Incase of interaction effect highest moisture content (13.72%) at 90 DAS in plastic pot and lowest (10.75%) at 15 DAS in ten container (Table 4). Table 1. Effect of storage cont ainers on the moisture content of deshi jute s eed at di fferent storage periods Moisture content (%) at 0 DAS 15 DAS 30 DAS 45 DAS 60 DAS Tin container 10.0 10.4 b 10.7 c 11.1 b 11.3 b Plastic pot 10.0 10.6 a 10.9 b 11.3 b 11.9 a Earthen pot 10.0 10.8 a 11.3 a 11.7 a 12.1 a CV (%) 0.55 0.67 0.89 1.23 In a column, similar letter do not differ signifi cantly at 1% level of probability DAS = Days of storage Containers

75 DAS 11.6 c 12.4 b 12.7 a 1.03

90 DAS 11.8 b 12.9 a 13.2 a 1.45

The results were in agreement with Akther et al. (2009) who reported the similar results for kenaf fiber seeds. The results were in agreement with Razzak et al. (2013) who report ed the similar results for tossa jute seeds. The result indicates that container is the declining factor for ret aining seed quality while in the storage. Effect of storage containers on thousand seed weight of jute seed: Initial 1000 seed weight was 2.23g fo r all storage containers. The main and interaction effects of 1000 seed weight were not signi ficant by three containers and storage periods (Table 2 and t able 5). The highest 1000 seed weight (2.319g) was recorded in earthen pot and the lowest 1000 seed weight (2.275g) was recorded in tin container at 90 DAS (Table 2). Here 1000-seed weight was signifi cantly different form container to cont ainer for all storage periods and the weight increased with increas e in storage period. Table 2. Effect of storage containers on 1000-seed weight of deshi jute seed at different storage periods 1000 seeds weight (g) at 0 DAS 15 DAS 30 DAS 45 DAS 60 DAS Tin container 2. 230 2.238 2.245 2.257 2.269 Plastic pot 2.230 2.240 2.252 2.267 2.274 Earthen pot 2.230 2.247 2.263 2.281 2.297 CV (%) 0.19 0.78 0.52 0.90 In a column, similar letter do not differ signifi cantly at 1% level of probability DAS = Days of storage Containers

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75 DAS 2.272 2.278 2.309 0.49

90 DAS 2.275 2.283 2.319 0.24

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1000 seed weight was non-significantly form container to container for all storage periods and the weight increas ed with the increase in storage period. Similar result was found in case of French bean (Khalequzzaman et al., 2012). Similar result was found in case of tossa jute seed (Razzak et al., 2013). Effect of storage containers on germination of jute seed: Effect of storage containers on the germination of deshi jute seed at different storage periods is presented in Table 3 and Table 6. Initial moisture content was 85.0% for all storage containers. Storage containers significantly influenced germination. The highest germination (75.0%) was recorded in tin container and the lowest germination (62.75%) was recorded in earthen pot at 90 DAS (Table 3). The height germination (83.93%) was found in 15 DAS at tin container with statistically similar to 30 DAS, 45 DAS, 60 DAS, 75 DAS at tin container and 15 DAS at plastic pot (Table 6). Table 3. Effect of storage containers on the germination of deshi jute seed at different storage periods Germination (%) at 0 DAS 15 DAS 30 DAS 45 DAS 60 DAS Tin container 85.0 84.0 a 82.5 a 81.0 a 79.0 a Plastic pot 85.0 82.0 b 79.75 b 77.25 b 74.0 b Earthen pot 85.0 81.75 b 76.0 c 72.75 c 68.25 c CV (%) 2.76 2.37 4.35 3.20 In a column, similar letter do not differ signifi cantly at 1% level of probability DAS = Days of storage Containers

75 DAS 77.25 a 71.5 b 66.0 c 5.63

90 DAS 75.0 a 69.0 b 62.75 c 2.43

The result were in agreement with Islam (2009) and Razzak et al.(2013). All the containers tested in the present investigation showed more or less good with respect of ret aining seed viability. If moister percentage increas es germination percent age decreases (Masum et. al., 2010). Table 4. Interaction effect of storage period and container on moisture content of jute seed Period of storage 0 DAS 15 DAS 30 DAS 45 DAS 60 DAS Tin container 10.12 10.75 c 10.93 c 11.19 c 11.04 c Plastic pot 10.12 10.93 b 11.12 b 11.73 b 11.82 b Earthen pot 10.12 10.89 a 12.06 a 12.16 a 11.9 a CV (%) 1.25 1.82 2.83 1.97 In a column, similar letter do not differ signifi cantly at 1% level of probability DAS = Days of storage Containers

75 DAS 11.9 c 12.02 b 12.9 a 1.73

90 DAS 12.0 c 13.72 a 13.29 b 2.83

Table 5. Interaction effect of storage period and container on 1000- seed weight of jute seed Period of storage 0 DAS 15 DAS 30 DAS 45 DAS 60 DAS Tin container 2. 210 2.236 2.267 2.269 2.271 Plastic pot 2.210 2.265 2.277 2.279 2.283 Earthen pot 2.210 2.267 2.282 2.285 2.292 CV (%) – 1.53 1.03 1.94 2.03 In a column, similar letter do not differ signifi cantly at 1% level of probability DAS = Days of storage Containers

75 DAS 2.282 2.284 2.344 1.36

90 DAS 2.254 2.251 2.383 2.35

Table 6. Interaction effect of storage period and container on the germination percentage of jute seed Containers Tin container Plastic pot Earthen pot CV (%)

0 DAS 85.0 85.0 85.0 –

15 DAS 83.93 a 83.25 a 79.25 c 2.54

30 DAS 81.46 a 78.0 b 77.95 c 1.83

Period of storage 45 DAS 60 DAS 80.38 a 79.65 a 77.25 b 75.0 b 74.20 c 70.25 c 1.94 1.03

75 DAS 75.49 a 67.33 b 65.27 c 3.64

90 DAS 72.35 a 63.30 b 58.47 c 2.95

In a column, similar letter do not differ signifi cantly at 1% level of probability. DAS = Days of storage


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Conclusion From the results it may be concluded that the tin cont ainer was found the most effective three months period of storage than plastic pot and earthen pot and m ay be recommended for general practice. Moreover i f moisture percent of seed increas e in storage condition germination percentage will decrease. References Akther, S., M. M. Islam, S. Begum, M. A. Hossen and S. Hasan. (2009). Effect of storage period, type of container and genotypes on moisture content and germination of kenaf seed. Bangladesh J. Jute and Fib. Res. 29(1&2): 129-137 BBS. (2011). Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Government of Peoples’ Republic of Bangladesh. Dhaka. pp. 197-198 BBS. (2012). Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Government of Peoples’ Republic of Bangladesh. Dhaka. pp. 136-139 Delouche, J. C., R. K. Matthes, G. M. Dougherty and A. H. Boyd. (1973). Storage of seed in sub-tropical and tropical regions. Seed Sci. Tech. 1: 671-700 Harrington, J. F. (1972). Seed Storage and Longevity. Seed Biology, Kozlowski, T. T. (ed.) Vol. 3. Academic Press, New Year, pp. 145-245 Islam, M. M. (2009). In: Jute Seed Technology. 1st edition. Pub. By Mahmudul Islam, 397, Middle Monipur, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216. College Gate Book Binding and Printing, Mohamadpur, Dhaka. pp. 160 Islam, M. M., N. Akter, M. Ahmed, M. A. R. Sarkar and N. Sultana. (2002 ). Effcet of drying period, storage cont ainer and storage condition of jute (Coechorus olitorius L.). Seed J. Agric. Technol. 3(2): 94-99 ISTA. (1999). Seed Science and Technology 21, supplement. International Seed Testing Association, Switzerland. Khalequzzaman, K. M., M. M. Rashid, M. A. Hasan and M. M. Reza. (2012). Effect of storage containers and storage periods on the s eed quality of French bean. Bangladesh J. Agric. Res. 37(2): 195-205 Masum, S. M., M. H. Ali, A. K. M. R. Amin, M. Asaduzzaman and T. S. Roy. (2010). Effect of abiotic factors on quality of jute seed. Bangladesh Res. Pub. J. 4(1): 47-52 Razzak, M. A., P. Bala and A. K. Azad. (2013). Effect of ambient storage and storage containers on the tossa jute seed. Bangladesh Agron. J. 16(1): 61-66.
