electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions.pdf

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resistivity . The molar conductivity Λ is related to this by Λ = κ/c, where c is the amount-of-substance concentration of the electro- ... Ammonium chloride. NH4Cl.
Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions The following table gives the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of some acids, bases, and salts as a function of concentration. All values refer to 20 °C. The conductivity κ (often called specific conductance in older literature) is the reciprocal of the resistivity. The molar conductivity Λ is related to this by Λ = κ/c, where c is the amount-of-substance concentration of the electrolyte. Thus if κ has units of millisiemens per centimeter (mS/cm), as in this table, and c is expressed in mol/L, then Λ has units of S cm2 mol-1. For these electrolytes the concentration c correspond-

ing to the mass percent values given here can be found in the table “Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions” in Section 8.

References 1. CRC Handbook of Chemistry, and Physics, 70th Edition, Weast, R. C., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989, p. D-221. 2. Wolf, A. V., Aqueous Solutions and Body Fluids, Harper and Row, New York, 1966.

Electrical Conductivity κ in mS/cm for the Indicated Concentration in Mass Percent Name Acetic acid Ammonia Ammonium chloride Ammonium sulfate Barium chloride Calcium chloride Cesium chloride Citric acid Copper(II) sulfate Formic acid Hydrogen chloride Lithium chloride Magnesium chloride Magnesium sulfate Manganese(II) sulfate Nitric acid Oxalic acid Phosphoric acid Potassium bromide Potassium carbonate Potassium chloride Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Potassium hydrogen carbonate Potassium hydrogen phosphate Potassium hydroxide Potassium iodide Potassium nitrate Potassium permanganate Potassium sulfate Silver(I) nitrate Sodium acetate Sodium bromide Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride Sodium citrate Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Sodium hydrogen carbonate Sodium hydrogen phosphate Sodium hydroxide Sodium nitrate Sodium phosphate Sodium sulfate Sodium thiosulfate Strontium chloride Sulfuric acid Trichloroacetic acid Zinc sulfate



Formula CH3COOH NH3 NH4Cl (NH4)2SO4 BaCl2 CaCl2 CsCl H3C(OH)(COO)3 CuSO4 HCOOH HCl LiCl MgCl2 MgSO4 MnSO4 HNO3 H2C2O4 H3PO4 KBr K2CO3 KCl KH2PO4 KHCO3 K2HPO4 KOH KI KNO3 KMnO4 K2SO4 AgNO3 NaCH3COO NaBr Na2CO3 NaCl Na3C6H5O7 NaH2PO4 NaHCO3 Na2HPO4 NaOH NaNO3 Na3PO4 Na2SO4 Na2S2O3 SrCl2 H2SO4 CCl3COOH ZnSO4

0.5% 0.3 0.5 10.5 7.4 4.7 8.1 3.8 1.2 2.9 1.4 45.1 10.1 8.6 4.1 28.4 14.0 5.5 5.2 7.0 8.2 3.0 4.6 5.2 20.0 3.8 5.5 3.5 5.8 3.1 3.9 5.0 7.0 8.2 2.2 4.2 4.6 24.8 5.4 7.3 5.9 5.7 5.9 24.3 10.3 2.8

1% 0.6 0.7 20.4 14.2 9.1 15.7 7.4 2.1 5.4 2.4 92.9 19.0 16.6 7.6 6.2 56.1 21.8 10.1 10.2 13.6 15.7

2% 0.8 1.0 40.3 25.7 17.4 29.4 13.8 3.0 9.3 3.5 183 34.9 31.2 13.3 10.6 108 35.3 16.2 19.5 25.4 29.5

5.9 8.9 9.9 38.5 7.5 10.7 6.9 11.2 6.1 7.6 9.7 13.1 16.0 7.4 4.4 8.2 8.7 48.6 10.6 14.1 11.2 10.7 11.4 47.8 19.6 5.4

11.0 17.0 18.3 75.0 14.2 20.1 13.0 21.0 12.0 14.4 18.4 23.3 30.2 12.8 9.1 15.0 15.6 93.1 20.4 22.7 19.8 19.5 22.0 92 37.2 10.0

5% 1.2 1.1 95.3 57.4 40.4 67.0 32.9 4.7 19.0 5.6

10% 1.5 1.0 180 105 76.7 117 65.8 6.2 32.2 7.8

15% 1.7 0.7

20% 1.7 0.5

147 109.0 157 102 7.0 42.3 9.0

185 137.0 177 142 7.2 9.9

10.4

76.4 66.9 27.4 21.6

127 108 42.7 34.5

155 129 54.2 43.7

170 134 51.1 47.6

165 122 44.1

146 98

65.6 31.5 47.7 58.0 71.9

59.4 95.6 109 143

88.4 144 152 208

118 194 188

146

173

209

44.6 72.4

101

128

71.8 87.3

110 124

188 157

224 182

72.0 64.1 122 88.6 171 52.0 43.3

92.8 69.3 157

112 69.2 191

129 64.3 216

162

204 57.1 49.6

222 57.3 53.1

53.5 54.0

82.6

111

134

152

165

178

71.3 76.7 91.5

91.1 104 127

109 123 153

134 168

136 178

118

148 33.7

193 43.3

221

25.0 38.8 40.3 178 35.2 47.0 30.5 48.0 26.7 30.9 44.0 47.0 70.1 26.2 21.0 31.4 31.4 206 46.2 43.5 42.7 43.3 49.1 211 84.7 20.5

88.6 49.8 53.4 84.6 74.4 126 42.1 33.2

25% 1.6 0.4

30% 1.4

40% 1.1

50% 0.8

215 183

172

106

7.1 10.5

9.9

8.6

223

46.1

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