Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy Impact in the Texas Emissions ...

ESL-TR-06-12-02 ENERGY EFFICIENCY/RENEWABLE ENERGY IMPACT IN THE TEXAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION PLAN (TERP) SUMMARY REPORT

Annual Report to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

Eduardo J. Ramirez Kate Champeau Juan-Carlos Baltazar, Ph.D. Jeff S. Haberl, Ph.D., P.E. Energy Systems Laboratory Texas A&M University System July 2007

ENERGY SYSTEMS LABORATORY

Texas Engineering Experiment Station Texas A&M University System

Disclaimer

This report is provided by the Texas Engineering Experiment Station (TEES) pursuant to Section 388.005 and Section 388.003, (2) (A) & (B) of the Texas Health and Safety Code and is distributed for purposes of public information. The information provided in this report is intended to be the best available information at the time of publication. TEES makes no claim or warranty, express or implied that the report or data herein is necessarily error-free. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Energy Systems Laboratory or any of its employees. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the Texas Engineering Experiment Station or the Energy Systems Laboratory.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report is a summary of the renewable energy projects installed throughout Texas after the year 2000. The collection of these projects was done in response to the Energy System Laboratory’s requirement to fulfill its obligations for Senate Bill 5 (SB5). The renewable energy projects researched and presented herein include: solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, hydroelectric, geothermal, and landfill gas-fired power plants. However, information on wind energy farms has been omitted in this report due to the fact that a more complete ESL report on this subject has already been prepared, ESL-TR-06-08-01.1 In addition to locating these projects, SB5 required the calculation of reduced NOx emissions. To accomplish this, the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University developed “eCalc” in 2004 -- a web-based Emissions Reduction Calculator. This program is able to calculate weather-normalized NOx emissions estimates for energy efficiency and renewable sources projects, such as solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, and wind. Annual energy savings from renewable projects resulted in the following:2 • Solar photovoltaic projects resulted in energy savings of 424.18 MWh/yr and a reduction of 0.28 tons of NOx/year. • Solar thermal projects resulted in energy savings of 332.88 MWh/yr and a reduction of 0.26 tons of NOx/year. The peak ozone season day (OSD) NOx reductions were calculated to be: • Solar photovoltaic projects resulted in savings of 1.29 MWh/day. • Solar thermal projects resulted in savings equivalent to 0.94 MWh/day. The emissions reduction values for hydroelectric and geothermal projects are not presented here since there is no methodology in place at this time to obtain these values.

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This report excludes wind renewable energy sources. This data can be found in report ESL-TR-06-08-01. These annual energy savings do include 7% transmissions and distribution losses, but do not include discount or degradations factors. 2

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work has been completed as a fulfillment of Senate Bill 5, Section 388.003. The authors thank the following individuals and agencies for gathering specific data and timely input: Mushtaq Ahmad and Piljae Im of the Energy Systems Laboratory at Texas A&M University; Colin Gates of SWPV; Michael A. Kawecki of the USGBC North Texas Chapter; Tammy Beutnagel, Allen Ognoskie, Judy Gardner, and Judy Robinsheaux from the Guadalupe Blanco River Authority Powerplant; Clayton Church and Floyd E. Boyett from the US Army Corps of Engineers; John Williams from the Lower Colorado River Authority; Big thanks to Richard Carmichael and Amy Boshears from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality; Jeff Pierce from SCS Engineers; and Robert Comstock from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 3

2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................ 4

3

LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND.............................................................................. 7

4

PROJECT CRITERIA ................................................................................................ 7

5

IMPLEMENTATION................................................................................................. 8

6

RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS....................................................................... 8 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

Solar Photovoltaic............................................................................................... 8 Solar Thermal...................................................................................................... 9 Hydroelectric....................................................................................................... 9 Geothermal........................................................................................................ 10 Landfill Gas-fired Power Plants........................................................................ 10

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RESULTS ................................................................................................................. 11

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REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 11

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TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1. Solar Photovoltaic Projects throughout Texas. ................................................. 23 Figure 2. Solar Thermal Projects throughout Texas. ........................................................ 24 Figure 3. Hydroelectric Plants throughout Texas. ............................................................ 25 Figure 4. Geothermal Projects Installed throughout Texas. ............................................. 26 Figure 5. Landfill Gas-fired Power Projects installed throughout Texas. ........................ 27 Figure 6. Annual Electric Savings per County from PV Projects..................................... 28 Figure 7. Ozone Season Day Electric Savings per County from PV Projects.................. 29 Figure 8. NOx Emissions Reduction per County from PV Projects................................. 30 Figure 9. Ozone Season Day NOx Emissions Reduction per County from PV Projects. 31 Figure 10. Annual Electric Savings per County from Solar Thermal Projects................. 32 Figure 11. Ozone Season Day Electric Savings per County from Solar Thermal Projects. ........................................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 12. NOx Emissions Reduction per County from Solar Thermal Projects............. 34 Figure 13. Ozone Season Day NOx Emissions Reduction per County from Solar Thermal Projects.............................................................................................................................. 35

TABLE OF TABLES Table 1. Counties for documented projects. ..................................................................... 11 Table 3. Solar Photovoltaic Cell Projects: Energy and NOx Reductions. ........................ 15 Table 4. Solar Thermal Projects........................................................................................ 18 Table 5. Solar Thermal Projects Emissions Reduction..................................................... 18 Table 6. Solar Thermal Special Project. ........................................................................... 18 Table 7. Hydroelectric Plant Information. ........................................................................ 19 Table 8. Geothermal Heat Pump Energy Projects. ........................................................... 20 Table 9. Landfill Gas-fired Power Plants: Operational. ................................................... 20 Table 10. Landfill Gas-Fired Power Plants: Candidates................................................... 21 Table 11. Landfill Gas-fired Power Plants: Potential. ...................................................... 22

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3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND In 2001, the 77th Legislature established the Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP) through the enactment of Senate Bill 5. This bill’s purpose is to: • •

Ensure that the state of Texas meets Federal Clean Air Act requirements per Section 707, Title 42, United States Code. Reduce NOx emissions in non-attainment and affected counties through mandatory and voluntary programs.

The TERP identified that Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE/RE) measures make an important contribution to meeting the above stated goals. In 2003 and 2005, the 78th and 79th Legislatures required the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) to promote EE/RE as a means to improve air quality standards and to develop a methodology for computing emissions reduction for the State Implementation Plan (SIP) from EE/RE programs. One of the SIP credits requires the Energy Systems Laboratory to report the energy savings and emissions reductions from implementation of new building energy codes to the TCEQ. This was fulfilled with the development of the “Emissions Reduction Calculator (eCalc) by the Energy Systems Laboratory. eCalc calculates emissions reductions from energy efficiency improvements in residential and commercial construction, municipal projects, and renewable energy projects (Haberl et al. 2006). SIP-eligible credits were expanded by the 79th Legislature by adding savings from the State Renewable Portfolio Standards from the generation of electricity from renewable sources. Another SIP-eligible credit was expanded by adding savings from the State Renewable Portfolio Standards from the generation of electricity from renewable sources. A specific requirement included the TCEQ to develop methods to quantify emissions reductions from renewable energy. Therefore, this report is a summary of the renewable energy projects implemented in the state Texas. In 2005, the 79th Legislature amended SB5 to enhance its effectiveness which included requirements to generate 500 MW from non-wind renewables. Therefore, renewable projects were identified to determine how far the state of Texas is from accomplishing this goal. 4

PROJECT CRITERIA

Renewable energy projects throughout the state of Texas were located to determine the NOx emissions reduction. Searches were conducted on four specific categories: solar photovoltaic, geothermal, hydroelectric, and Landfill Gas-fired Power Plants. The criteria for each project included in the data collection were: 1) the installation date was after the year 2000, and 2) the project was installed within the state of Texas. In order to provide a complete record, however, projects reported prior to 2000 were also included.

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IMPLEMENTATION

An initial search on different internet search engines was conducted to find solar photovoltaic cell, hydroelectric, geothermal, and landfill gas projects. Following these preliminary searches a more thorough investigation was conducted on specific websites that were deemed credible. Most of the project descriptions did not include system specifications data. To find this information, the corresponding companies, organizations, or government entities that were mentioned in the article were contacted via email or phone. Unfortunately, these efforts were productive in only a small number of cases. In addition to these two main protocols for finding projects, manufacturers and contractors of the various systems were contacted about project installations following the determined criteria. After the necessary information was obtained, each project was then run through eCalc. This program analyzed the energy savings and emissions reduction for each of the projects. Because eCalc relies on county designations, it was sometimes necessary to find the nearest geographical county, since not all of the counties in Texas are available in eCalc. 6 6.1

RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS Solar Photovoltaic

The protocol described in the implementation section was conducted first. This prevailed with the discovery of Soltrex, a company that provides data servers, websites, and data loggers to track the performance of PV systems. Within the Soltrex website, several hundred schools across the nation provided the energy output of their PV system, the installation date, and the system specifications. Another noteworthy source of information was the Meridian Energy Systems, Inc., a company located in Austin, Texas. Their website provided a portfolio that included information about multiple projects completed within the last five to ten years. However, specific information was not provided. Further information regarding all these projects will be provided in a future report. The Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) and State Energy Conservation Office (SECO) also provided information for several projects. Their websites described the use of solar panels at school crossings throughout the site. There were some instances where there was no database for the installation and they could not provide further direction as to where to find it. So, efforts were made to locate specific information on some of these, such as the Sheldon Lake and Environmental Learning Center. The superintendent, Robert Comstock, was contacted for specific information about their PV system. Hensley Field was another project where the project manager, Michael Kawecki, was contacted and replied with a presentation containing more specific information.

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After the above sources were exhausted, manufacturers and contractors were contacted to find additional installations. A major contributor for projects was found on a distributor’s website, Southwest Photovoltaic Systems, Inc. (SWPV), an international distributor of BP Solar Panels. Their website provides a snapshot of installed projects throughout the United States, so the company was contacted to gain further information on their Texas projects. When asked about the slope of their products used in the qualifying projects, the company could not respond in detail to each one due to time constraints. However, they did inform us that the average solar panel used was 12.5 square feet (5 feet by 2.5 feet). This figure was then used for calculations. For both of these sources, their corresponding websites cited the type of solar panel installed as well as the number of modules, but the square footage of each module was not available. Since eCalc requires the area of the solar panels for each project, it was necessary to find this data. A search was done by contacting the individual manufacturers of these products or were found on the web. eCalc includes the photovoltaic option for high- or low-end systems. A high-end PV system was assumed for all of the projects based on the average efficiency of the photovoltaic cells in the last decade, which is 11% or higher. A summary of the different projects and their outputs from eCalc can be found in Table 2 and Table 3, respectively. This annual electric savings per county for these projects are presented in Figure 6 and the respective emissions reductions are shown in Figure 8. The number of projects per county is presented in Figure 1. 6.2

Solar Thermal

Information regarding the solar thermal projects was obtained from an ESL survey sent to various companies. Techsun Solar, Inc. is responsible for eight out of the nine projects documented in this report. The ninth one is presented as a special project since there is no methodology currently available to obtain these values. This special project is a Roof Mounted Parabolic Trough collector located at Fort Sam Houston in the San Antonio, Texas, area. A summary of the different projects and their outputs from eCalc can be found in Table 4 and Table 5, respectively. The annual electric savings per county for these projects are presented in Figure 10, and the respective emissions reductions are shown in Figure 12. The number of projects per county is presented in Figure 2. 6.3 Hydroelectric The main source of information for hydroelectric systems came from the Idaho National Laboratory website that has an interactive map. The user chooses a specific dam; when the dam is chosen, the name, operator, and the capacity of the dam appears. Locations of

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twenty-eight dams were found through this process. However, the date of the installation was not available. Further investigation for this information was conducted by contacting the Corps of Engineers and various authorities in charge of each plant including the Guadalupe Blanco River Authority and the Lower Colorado River Authority. Additional private dams such as the Cuero Hydroelectric Power plant were contacted multiple times through several methods with no response. All hydroelectric project information is presented in Table 7. A Texas map that shows the location of the different projects per county is presented in Figure 3. 6.4

Geothermal

Geothermal projects were found through various websites. Since this did not result in many projects, contractors and manufacturers of geothermal systems were contacted directly to find their projects installed after the year 2000. The Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium’s website was used to find contractors of geothermal heat pumps. Six projects were identified in this website; however, more information is needed in order to conduct a more exhaustive analysis that will provide the emissions reduction due to the use of ground-coupled heat pumps. Companies such as Trane, WaterFurnace, and Mammoth, Inc. also provided a few case studies. Once again, the information was limited. The SMU Geothermal Lab and the Geo-Heat Center from the Oregon Institute of Technology provided general information, but none about any specific project in the Texas area. The president and webpage master did not respond to inquiries about projects installed throughout Texas. The resulting information can be found in Table 8 with a corresponding map in Figure 4 that shows the number of projects in different counties. 6.5

Landfill Gas-fired Power Plants

House Bill 3415 went into effect in 2001 and encouraged the development and use of landfill gas for state energy and environmental purposes. This allowed TCEQ to give priority to processing applications for registrations. The City of Denton’s landfill has been given various awards for its innovation to produce LGF for biodiesel fuel. This is used to power a three million-gallon biodiesel production facility. This is the first facility of its kind in the world where landfill gas (LGF) is used to produce biodiesel, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This LGF supplies all of the energy needs to the production facility including all process heat and power. This biodiesel is then used in part to power the city’s truck fleet with B20 which is a blend of 80 % diesel and 20 % biodiesel.

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The EPA has a project database for the Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP). The implemented, candidate, and potential projects are listed in Table 9, Table 10, and Table 11, respectively. Figure 5 shows the location of these operational projects implemented throughout Texas. 7

RESULTS

Annual energy savings from renewable projects results: • •

Solar photovoltaic projects resulted in energy savings of 424.18 MWh/yr, and a reduction of 0.28 tons of NOx/year. Solar thermal projects resulted in energy savings of 332.88 MWh/yr, and a reduction of 0.26 tons of NOx/year.

These reductions do not represent all of the PV and solar thermal projects in the state of Texas. These only reflect the projects documented in the investigated resources. For future reports, the goal is to fill existing gaps in this report and to increase the projects and the resources used to identify different projects. 8

REFERENCES

Haberl, J., Culp, C., Yazdani, B., Gilman, D., Fitzpatrick, T., Muns, S., Verdict, M.; Ahmed, M., Liu, Z., Baltazar-Cervantes, J. C., Degelman, L., Turner, D. 2006. “Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy Impact in the Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP). “ Vol. II-Summary Report, Annual Report to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, September 2004-December 2005, Energy Systems Laboratory Report No. ESL-TR-06-06-08.

Table 1. Counties for documented projects. Assigned Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

County Archer Bastrop Bexar Bosque Brazoria Brazos Brown Burnet Caldwell Calhoun Cameron Chamber s Childress Collin Colorado Comal Dallas

Assigned Number

County

Assigned Number

County

Assigned Number

County

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Denton DeWitt El Paso Fayette Fort Bend Galveston Gillespie Gonzales Grayson Gregg Guadalupe

35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Kimble Kinney Lampasas Lee Llano Maverick McLennan Montgomery Newton Nueces Palo Pinto

52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

Tarrant Taylor Tom Green Travis Uvalde Valverde Victoria Ward Washington Webb Wharton

29 30 31 32 33 34

Harris Harrison Hidalgo Jasper Jones Kendall

46 47 48 49 50 51

Potter Presidio Randall Scurry Smith Sutton

63 64 65 66 67

Wichita Williamson Wood Zapata Hays

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Table .: Solar Photovoltaic Cell Projects: Data and Information. Solar Project

City/Town

County

County for ECALC

Date

PV Modules

Giddings Middle School La Grange Intermediate School Schulenburg Elementary School Smithville Junior High School Bastrop Intermediate School Eagle Pass High School - CC Winn Campus East Central ISD James Madison High School John Jay High School Roosevelt High School Utopia ISD City Public Services of San Antonio, Northside Del Rio High School Kendall Elementary School Uvalde Junior High School City Public Services Primary Control Center Institute of Texan Cultures Ft. Sam Houston Bldg. 1350 Bexar County Jail Annex Alvin High School El Campo Middle School Bluebonnet Elementary School Flatonia Elementary School Leonard Shanklin Elementary School Waelder ISD Blue Ridge ISD McKinney Green Building Canyon High School Dallas ISD Environmental Education Center The Winston School Childress High School Cordova Middle School Gene Roddenberry Planetarium Monahans High School Presidio High School Weimar High School Univeresity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston

Giddings, TX La Grange, TX Schulenburg, TX Smithville, TX Bastrop, TX Eagle Pass, TX San Antonio, TX San Antonio, TX San Antonio, TX San Antonio, TX Utopia, TX San Antonio, TX Del Rio, TX Boerne, TX Uvalde, TX San Antonio, TX San Antonio, TX San Antonio, TX San Antonio, TX Alvin, TX El Campo, TX Lockhart, TX Flatonia, TX Luling, TX Waelder, TX Blue Ridge, TX McKinney, TX New Braunfels, TX Seagoville, TX Dallas, TX Childress, TX El Paso, TX El Paso, TX Monahans, TX Presidio, TX Weimar, TX Galveston, TX

Lee Fayette Fayette Bastrop Bastrop Maverick Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Uvalde Bexar Kinney Kendall Uvalde Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Brazoria Wharton Caldwell Gonzales Caldwell Gonzales Collin Collin Comal Dallas Dallas Childress El Paso El Paso Ward Presidio Colorado Galveston

Bastrop Bastrop Bastrop Bastrop Bastrop Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Brazoria Brazoria Caldwell Caldwell Caldwell Caldwell Collin Collin Comal Dallas Dallas Denton El Paso El Paso El Paso El Paso Fort Bend Galveston

Jun-05 May-05 Jun-05 Jun-05 May-07 Feb-02 Nov-03 Feb-02 Dec-01 Mar-04 Jun-05 Jul-02 Jul-99 Apr-07 Jul-99 Jun-04 N/A Apr-06 N/A Nov-03 Jul-99 Jul-05 May-07 Apr-07 May-07 Oct-03 Mar-06 Feb-04 Feb-04 N/A Jul-99 Jan-03 Jun-02 Dec-01 Dec-99 May-05 Mar-02

GE Energy GEPV-050-M GE Energy GEPV-050-M GE Energy GEPV-050-M GE Energy GEPV-050-M Sharp Electronics NE-170-U1 Siemens SP 75 Shell SP-140-PC Siemens SP 75 Siemens SP 75 Shell SP140PC GE Energy GEPV-050-M MSX-120 ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 Sharp Electronics NE-170-U2 ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 BP MSX-120 N/A N/A N/A Shell SP-140-PC ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 GE Energy GEPV-050-M Sharp Electronics NE-170-U1 Sharp Electronics NE-170-U4 Sharp Electronics NE-170-U5 Siemens SP 75 ASE-300-DG-FT Shell SP140PC Shell Solar SP140PC BP XXXXXXX ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 Shell SP140PC 4-kW ASE SunSine AC Siemens SP 75 ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 GE Energy GEPV-050-M Solarex SX-80U

Capacity(kW)

Total Area (sqft)

Slope

Azimuth (South=180)

1 1 1 1 1.02 0.9 1.12 0.9 0.9 1.12 1 17.28 4.56 1.02 4.56 17.28 15 181 N/A 1.12 4.56 1 1.02 1.02 1.02 0.9 45 1.12 1.12 71 4.56 1.12 3.42 0.9 4.56 1 19.2

121.4 121.4 121.4 121.4 84 81.84 113.92 81.84 81.84 113.92 121.4 1699.2 418.08 84 418.08 1699.2 N/A N/A N/A 113.92 418.08 121.4 84 84 64.08 81.84 3749.76 113.92 113.92 N/A 418.08 113.92 313.44 81.84 418.08 121.4 1892.88

30 30 30 30 35 25 60 25 60 30 30 30* 25 35 25 30* N/A N/A N/A 30 25 30 35 35 35 25 30* 20 30 0 25 25 25 60 25 30 30*

180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180* 180 180 180 N/A N/A N/A N/A 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 N/A 230 180 N/A 180 180 180 180 180 180 180*

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Table 2 (cont’d.). Solar Photovoltaic Cell Projects: Data and Information. Solar Project

City/Town

County

County for ECALC

Date

PV Modules

Pine Tree Junior High School Marion Middle School Seabrook Intermediate School NASA Johnson Space Center UT Health Science Center Aircraft Obstruction Light Learning Center at Sheldon Lake State Park Learning Center at Sheldon Lake State Park Hempstead Middle School Houston Ship Channel House in Brenham Upper Kirby District Center Brenham Jr. High School Jefferson Middle School Brooksmith ISD Abilene School District Planetarium Brenham Middle School Solar Powered Water Pumping Mission High School Rio Hondo High School Solar Powered Reverse Osmosis in Colorado Acres Calallen High School Martin High School Hamlin ISD Holliday ISD Ira ISD River Road ISD Spring Hill Junior High School Bryker Woods Elementary School Junction High School Kealing Middle School Maplewood Elementary School City Hall, Austin, Texas Bedichek Middle Shool Blanton Elementary School Cunningham elementary School Garza High School Harper School Llano Junior High School

Longview, TX Marion, TX Seabrook, TX Houston, TX Houston, TX Houston, TX Houston, TX Houston, TX Hempstead, TX Houston, TX Brenham, TX Houston, TX Brenham, TX Jefferson, TX Brooksmith, TX Abilene, TX Brenham, TX Bryan, TX Mission, TX Rio Hondo, TX Laredo, TX Corpus Cristi, TX Laredo, TX Hamlin, TX Holliday, TX Ira, TX Amarillo, TX Longview, TX Austin, TX Junction, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Harper, TX Llano, TX

Gregg Guadalupe Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Washington Harris Washington Harris Washington Harrison Brown Taylor Washington Brazos Hidalgo Cameron Webb Nueces Webb Jones Archer Scurry Potter Smith Travis Kimble Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Gillespie Llano

Gregg Guadalupe Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harrison Hood Hood Montgomery Montgomery Nueces Nueces Nueces Nueces Nueces Parker Parker Parker Parker Smith Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis

Mar-00 May-05 Nov-03 Oct-04 Feb-00 N/A N/A N/A Apr-07 Sep-00 Dec-99 N/A Feb-07 Sep-99 Nov-01 Aug-99 Jun-05 N/A Feb-00 Apr-00 N/A Nov-99 Oct-99 Nov-01 Dec-01 Nov-01 Dec-01 Nov-99 Oct-03 Feb-04 Jan-04 Oct-01 xxx-04 Oct-06 Oct-06 Oct-06 Oct-06 Mar-07 Apr-07

ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 GE Energy GEPV-050-M Shell SP-140-PC MSX-121 Solarex SJ-7500 SX65U BP Solar N/A Sharp Electronics NE-170-U1 BP SX65U Solarex SJ-7500 BP XXXXXXX Sharp NE-170-U1 ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 Siemens SP 75 ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 GE Energy GEPV-050-M Solarex MST-43/mv ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 BP3150U ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 Siemens SP 75 Siemens SP 75 Siemens SP 75 Siemens SP 75 ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 Shell SP-150-PC Shell SP-140-PC Shell SP140PC Siemens SP 75 PROSOL (type-austin)*** Sharp ND-L3EJEA Sharp ND-L3EJEA Sharp ND-L3EJEA Sharp ND-L3EJEA Sharp Electronics NE-170-U1 Sharp Electronics NE-170-U5

Capacity(kW)

Total Area (sqft)

Slope

Azimuth (South=180)

4.56 1 1.12 9.72 1.5 N/A 170 N/A 1.02 0.78 1.2 53 1.02 4.56 0.9 4.56 1 N/A 4.56 4.56 7.2 4.56 4.56 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 4.56 1.2 1.12 1.2 1.8 9.74 4.059 4.059 4.059 4.059 1.02 1.02

417.92 121.4 113.92 955.8 271 162.6 108.4 81.3 84 72 N/A N/A 64.08 418.08 81.84 418.08 121.4 271 417.92 417.92 620.64 418.08 418.08 81.84 81.84 81.84 81.84 418.08 113.92 113.92 113.92 163.68 894.3 352.44 352.44 352.44 352.44 84 84

25 30 60 30* 30* 30* 40 25 35 30* N/A N/A 35 25 90 25 30 30* 25 25 30* 25 0.01 25 60 60 60 25 60 60 60 25 30* 30 30 30 30 35 35

180 180 180 180* 180* 180* 180* 180* 180 N/A N/A N/A 180 180 180 180 180 180* 180 180 180* 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 195 180 180 180 180* 180 180 180 180 180 180

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Table 2 (cont’d.). Solar Photovoltaic Cell Projects: Data and Information. Solar Project

City/Town

County

County for ECALC

Date

PV Modules

Martin Middle School Murchison Middle School O'Henry Middle School Pond Springs Elementary School San Marcos Electric Utility Sonora High School Vliet Residence Westwood High School Zilker Elementary School Courtyard Tennis Club Escarpment Village IBM Hines Pool and Spa Centex Beverage Inc. Lake Austin Marina Habitat Suites Palmer events Center LCRA Environmental Laboratory Austin Bergstrom International Airport Sand Hill power Plant, Control Building Spring Terrace American YouthWorks Town Lake Trail Foundation Garden Terrace Vintage Creek learning Center Ebeneezer Baptist Church Sierra Ridge Westcave Preserve St. Andrews Episcopal School St. Gabriel Catholic Church Hornsby Bend Birding Shelter Casa Verde Mineola High School Cuero Junior High School Solar Powered Water Purification Central High School Davis Elementary School Lampasas Middle School Note: (*) = Assumed

Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX San Marcos, TX Sonora, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin , TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Round Mountain, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Austin, TX Mineola, TX Cuero, TX Matagorda Island, TX San Angelo, TX Round Rock, TX Lampasas, TX

Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Sutton Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Llano Travis Travis Travis Travis Wood DeWitt Calhoun Tom Green Williamson Lampasas

Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Upshur Victoria Victoria Williamson Williamson Williamson

Oct-06 Oct-06 Oct-06 Oct-06 Apr-07 Dec-99 Jan-99 Oct-06 Oct-06 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Oct-99 Jun-05 N/A Jul-99 Oct-06 Apr-07

Sharp ND-L3EJEA Sharp ND-L3EJEA Sharp ND-L3EJEA Sharp ND-L3EJEA Sharp Electronics NE-170-U5 ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 Siemens SP 75 Sharp ND-L3EJEA Sharp ND-L3EJEA N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 GE Energy GEPV-050-M BP585U ASE Americas ASE-300-DG/50 Sharp ND-L3EJEA Sharp Electronics NE-170-U3

Capacity(kW)

Total Area (sqft)

Slope

Azimuth (South=180)

4.059 4.059 4.059 4.059 1.02 4.56 1.8 4.059 4.059 23 7 22 21 22 21 17 36 22 32 15 18 21 0.5 21 11 8.4 17 1.7 22 21 0.3 1.5 4.56 1 N/A 4.56 4.059 1.02

352.44 352.44 352.44 352.44 64.08 418.08 163.92 352.44 352.44 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 418.08 121.4 111.23 418.08 352.44 84

30 30 30 30 35 15 20 30 30 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 25 30 30* 25 30 35

180 180 180 180 180 220 260 225 180 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 180 180 180* 180 180 180

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Table 2. Solar Photovoltaic Cell Projects: Energy and NOx Reductions. Project

County for ECALC

Giddings Middle School La Grange Intermediate School Schulenburg Elementary School Smithville Junior High School Bastrop Intermediate School Eagle Pass High School - CC Winn Campus East Central ISD James Madison High School John Jay High School Roosevelt High School Utopia ISD City Public Services of San Antonio, Northside Del Rio High School Kendall Elementary School Uvalde Junior High School City Public Services Primary Control Center Institute of Texan Cultures Ft. Sam Houston Bldg. 1350 Bexar County Jail Annex Alvin High School El Campo Middle School Bluebonnet Elementary School Flatonia Elementary School Leonard Shanklin Elementary School Waelder ISD Blue Ridge ISD McKinney Green Building Canyon High School Dallas ISD Environmental Education Center The Winston School Childress High School Cordova Middle School Gene Roddenberry Planetarium Monahans High School Presidio High School

Bastrop Bastrop Bastrop Bastrop Bastrop Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Bexar Brazoria Brazoria Caldwell Caldwell Caldwell Caldwell Collin Collin Comal Dallas Dallas Denton El Paso El Paso El Paso El Paso

Annual Energy Savings (for base year conditions) 1999 2007 Annual Energy Sox CO2 Nox Sox Nox Consumption (KWh/yr) 1774.00 1774.00 1774.00 1774.00 1212 1207.00 1411.00 1207.00 1013.00 1669.00 1779.00 24895.00 6165 1215 6165 24895 N/A N/A N/A 1490.00 5513 1774.00 1212 1212 925 1230.00 56096 1681.00 1704.00 N/A 6284 2008.00 5525.00 1240.00 7370

6.90 6.90 6.90 6.90 4.71 3.18 3.72 3.18 2.67 4.40 4.69 65.67 16.26 3.21 16.26 65.67 N/A N/A N/A 3.60 13.31 4.93 3.36 3.36 2.57 4.72 215.35 4.43 6.62 N/A 24.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

3.92 3.92 3.92 3.92 2.67 1.15 1.34 1.15 0.96 1.58 1.69 23.63 5.85 1.15 5.85 23.63 N/A N/A N/A 3.08 11.41 1.02 0.7 0.7 0.53 2.73 124.75 1.60 3.76 N/A 13.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

2548.00 2548.00 2548.00 2548.00 1741 1792.00 2096.00 1792.00 1505.00 2478.00 2641.00 36970.00 9155 1805 9155 36970 N/A N/A N/A 2344.00 8670 2469.00 1687 1687 1287 1777.00 81061 2496.00 2448.00 N/A 9081 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 1.98 1.99 2.33 1.99 1.67 2.75 2.94 41.08 10.17 2.01 10.17 41.08 N/A N/A N/A 2.58 9.54 2.13 1.46 1.46 1.11 2.00 91.21 2.77 2.79 N/A 10.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

1.62 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.11 1.98 2.31 1.98 1.66 2.73 2.91 40.79 10.1 1.99 10.1 40.79 N/A N/A N/A 2.00 7.4 0.71 0.49 0.49 0.37 1.12 50.98 2.75 1.56 N/A 5.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

CO2 2286.00 2286.00 2286.00 2286.00 1562 1960.00 2292.00 1960.00 1646.00 2711.00 2889.00 40436.00 10013 1974 10013 40436 N/A N/A N/A 2106.00 7790 2087.00 1426 1426 1088 1586.00 72330 2730.00 2196.00 N/A 8103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

Average per Ozone Season Day (for base year conditions) 1999 2007 Annual Energy Nox Sox CO2 Nox Sox Consumption (KWh/yr) 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 5.00 5.00 75.00 19 4 19 75 N/A N/A N/A 4.00 17 5.00 4 4 3 4.00 171 5.00 5.00 N/A 20 6.00 16.00 3.00 21

0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.2 N/A N/A N/A 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.66 0.01 0.02 N/A 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.02 0 0.02 0.07 N/A N/A N/A 0.01 0.03 0.00 0 0 0 0.01 0.38 0.01 0.01 N/A 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 5 6.00 6.00 6.00 4.00 7.00 8.00 112.00 28 5 28 112 N/A N/A N/A 7.00 26 7.00 5 5 4 6.00 248 8.00 7.00 N/A 28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.12 N/A N/A N/A 0.01 0.03 0.01 0 0 0 0.01 0.28 0.01 0.01 N/A 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.02 0 0.02 0.08 N/A N/A N/A 0.00 0.02 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.00 N/A 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

CO2 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 4 6.00 6.00 6.00 4.00 8.00 9.00 120.00 30 6 30 120 N/A N/A N/A 6.00 23 6.00 4 4 3 5.00 213 8.00 6.00 N/A 24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

15

Table 3 (cont’d.). Solar Photovoltaic Cell Projects: Energy and NOx Reductions. Project

County for ECALC

Weimar High School Univeresity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Pine Tree Junior High School Marion Middle School Seabrook Intermediate School NASA Johnson Space Center UT Health Science Center Aircraft Obstruction Light Learning Center at Sheldon Lake State Park Learning Center at Sheldon Lake State Park Hempstead Middle School Houston Ship Channel House in Brenham Upper Kirby District Center Brenham Jr. High School Jefferson Middle School Brooksmith ISD Abilene School District Planetarium Brenham Middle School Solar Powered Water Pumping Mission High School Rio Hondo High School Solar Powered Reverse Osmosis in Colorado Acres Calallen High School Martin High School Hamlin ISD Holliday ISD Ira ISD River Road ISD Spring Hill Junior High School Bryker Woods Elementary School Junction High School Kealing Middle School Maplewood Elementary School City Hall, Austin, Texas Bedichek Middle Shool Blanton Elementary School Cunningham elementary School Garza High School

Fort Bend Galveston Gregg Guadalupe Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harrison Hood Hood Montgomery Montgomery Nueces Nueces Nueces Nueces Nueces Parker Parker Parker Parker Smith Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis

Annual Energy Savings (for base year conditions) 1999 2007 Annual Energy Sox CO2 Nox Sox Nox Consumption (KWh/yr) 1588.00 24763.00 5747.00 1779.00 1255.00 12504.00 3545.00 2127.00 1372.00 1072.00 1083 942 N/A N/A 826 5749 670.00 6284 1588.00 3545.00 5565.00 5565.00 8187.00 5567 5373 1230.00 1047.00 1047.00 1047.00 5749 1404.00 1404.00 1404.00 2408.00 13069.00 5150 5150 5150 5150

3.84 59.80 0.00 4.69 2.10 20.87 5.92 3.65 2.29 1.79 1.81 1.57 N/A N/A 1.38 0 2.57 24.12 2.65 5.92 15.45 15.45 22.73 15.45 14.91 4.78 4.07 4.07 4.07 22.35 5.39 5.39 5.39 9.25 50.19 19.78 19.78 19.78 19.78

3.25 51.24 0.00 1.69 1.77 17.66 5.01 3.00 1.94 1.51 1.53 1.33 N/A N/A 1.17 0 1.49 19.98 2.24 5.01 3.20 3.20 4.70 3.2 3.09 2.71 2.31 2.31 2.31 12.69 3.03 3.03 3.03 5.20 28.24 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13

2490.00 38942.00 0.00 2641.00 1358.00 13.53 3835.00 2301.00 1484.00 1160.00 1171 1019 N/A N/A 893 0 969.00 9081 1718.00 3835.00 7746.00 7746.00 11395.00 7748 7478 1766.00 1504.00 1504.00 1504.00 8258 2014.00 2014.00 2014.00 3455.00 18747.00 7389 7389 7389 7389

2.77 42.85 0.00 2.94 1.51 15.04 4.26 2.56 1.65 1.29 1.3 1.13 N/A N/A 0.99 0 1.09 10.22 1.91 4.26 6.68 6.68 9.83 6.68 6.45 2.01 1.71 1.71 1.71 9.4 2.28 2.28 2.28 3.91 21.23 8.37 8.37 8.37 8.37

2.16 33.23 0.00 2.91 1.18 11.75 3.33 2.00 1.29 1.01 1.02 0.89 N/A N/A 0.78 0 0.61 5.71 1.49 3.33 2.23 2.23 3.28 2.23 2.15 1.13 0.96 0.96 0.96 5.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 2.17 11.75 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.63

CO2 2249.00 34990.00 0.00 2889.00 1226.00 12216.00 3464.00 2078.00 1340.00 1048.00 1058 920 N/A N/A 807 0 864.00 8103 1552.00 3464.00 6546.00 6546.00 9630.00 6549 6320 1585.00 1349.00 1349.00 1349.00 7408 1807.00 1807.00 1807.00 3100.00 16821.00 6629 6629 6629 6629

Average per Ozone Season Day (for base year conditions) 1999 2007 Annual Energy Nox Sox CO2 Nox Sox Consumption (KWh/yr) 5.00 74.00 18.00 5.00 3.00 37.00 11.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 3 3 N/A N/A 2 18 1.00 20 5.00 11.00 17.00 17.00 25.00 17 18 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 18 4.00 4.00 4.00 7.00 39.00 16 16 16 16

0.01 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 N/A N/A 0 0 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.15 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

0.01 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0 0 N/A N/A 0 0 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

7.00 116.00 0.00 8.00 4.00 40.00 11.00 7.00 4.00 4.00 3 3 N/A N/A 3 0 2.00 28 5.00 11.00 24.00 24.00 35.00 24 25 6.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 26 5.00 5.00 5.00 11.00 57.00 22 22 22 22

0.01 0.12 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0 0 N/A N/A 0 0 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

0.01 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 N/A N/A 0 0 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

CO2 7.00 101.00 0.00 9.00 3.00 35.00 10.00 6.00 4.00 3.00 3 3 N/A N/A 2 0 2.00 24 4.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 28.00 20 20 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 22 5.00 5.00 5.00 9.00 49.00 19 19 19 19

16

Table 3 (cont’d.). Solar Photovoltaic Cell Projects: Energy and NOx Reductions. Project

County for ECALC

Annual Energy Savings (for base year conditions) 1999 2007 Annual Energy Sox CO2 Nox Sox Nox Consumption (KWh/yr)

1212 1212 5150 5150 5150 5150 925 6131 2415 5150 5150 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5749 1624.00 1488.00 6151 5150 1212 TOTAL 396467.00 Note: Nox, Sox, and CO2 emissions reductions are zero for not ERCOT counties (El Paso, Harrison,Gregg, and Upshur).

Harper School Llano Junior High School Martin Middle School Murchison Middle School O'Henry Middle School Pond Springs Elementary School San Marcos Electric Utility Sonora High School Vliet Residence Westwood High School Zilker Elementary School Courtyard Tennis Club Escarpment Village IBM Hines Pool and Spa Centex Beverage Inc. Lake Austin Marina Habitat Suites Palmer events Center LCRA Environmental Laboratory Austin Bergstrom International Airport Sand Hill power Plant, Control Building Spring Terrace American YouthWorks Town Lake Trail Foundation Garden Terrace Vintage Creek learning Center Ebeneezer Baptist Church Sierra Ridge Westcave Preserve St. Andrews Episcopal School St. Gabriel Catholic Church Hornsby Bend Birding Shelter Casa Verde Mineola High School Cuero Junior High School Solar Powered Water Purification Central High School Davis Elementary School Lampasas Middle School

Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Travis Upshur Victoria Victoria Williamson Williamson Williamson

4.65 4.65 19.78 19.78 19.78 19.78 3.55 23.54 9.27 19.78 19.78 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 4.51 4.13 23.62 19.78 4.65 1151.65

2.62 2.62 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 2 13.25 5.22 11.13 11.13 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0.93 0.86 13.29 11.13 2.62 618.50

1739 1739 7389 7389 7389 7389 1326 8795 3465 7389 7389 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 2260.00 2071.00 8824 7389 1739 504339.53



CO2 1560 1560 6629 6629 6629 6629 1190 7891 3109 6629 6629 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 1910.00 1750.00 7917 6629 1560 483511.00

Average per Ozone Season Day (for base year conditions) 1999 2007 Annual Energy Nox Sox CO2 Nox Sox Consumption (KWh/yr) 4 4 16 16 16 16 3 20 8 16 16 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 18 5.00 4.00 19 16 4 1206.00



5 5 22 22 22 22 4 28 11 22 22 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 7.00 6.00 27 22 5 1565.00

0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 1.75

0 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0.01 0 0.01 0.01 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0 0.66

CO2 4 4 19 19 19 19 3 24 9 19 19 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 6.00 5.00 23 19 4 1413.00

17

Table 3. Solar Thermal Projects. City

County

County for eCalc

Project Purpose

Model

Austin Austin Round Rock Dripping Springs San Antonio San Antonio N/A N/A

Travis Travis Willamson Hays Bexar Bexar N/A N/A

Travis Travis Willamson Hays Bexar Bexar N/A N/A

Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Pool Heating System Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Domestic Hot Water (DHW)

N/A SS HX Drainback SS HX Drainback SS HX Drainback SS HX Drainback FS collector SS HX Drainback SS HX Drainback

Total Area (sqft)

Slope (degree)

Azimuth (i.e. South=0, West (-) and East (+))

Fluid

N/A 78.75 52.5 52.5 52.5 256 78.75 52.5

N/A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

0 0 -90 20 0 -45 -45 -45

Antifreeze Water Water Water Water Water Water Water

Table 4. Solar Thermal Projects Emissions Reduction. Project 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

County for ECALC Travis Travis Willamson Hays Bexar Bexar N/A N/A TOTAL

Annual Energy Savings (for base year conditions) Annual Energy 1999 2007 Consumption (KWh/yr) Nox Sox CO2 Nox Sox N/A 4134 3211 3469 3469 26235 N/A N/A 40518

N/A 15.87 12.33 9.16 9.15 69.2 N/A N/A 115.71

N/A 8.93 6.94 2.44 3.29 24.9 N/A N/A 46.5

N/A 5930 4606 4791 5152 38960 N/A N/A 59439

N/A 6.71 5.22 4.41 5.73 43.3 N/A N/A 65.37

N/A 3.72 2.89 1.14 5.68 42.98 N/A N/A 56.41

CO2 N/A 5320 4133 4234 5635 42.612 N/A N/A 19364.6

Average per Ozone Season Day (for base year conditions) Annual Energy Consumption 1999 2007 (KWh/yr) Nox Sox CO2 Nox Sox N/A 14 13 12 12 87 N/A N/A 138

N/A 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.23 N/A N/A 0.39

N/A 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.08 N/A N/A 0.16

N/A 20 18 17 18 130 N/A N/A 203

N/A 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.14 N/A N/A 0.22

N/A 0.01 0 0 0.01 0.09 N/A N/A 0.11

CO2 N/A 17 16 15 19 140 N/A N/A 207

Table 5. Solar Thermal Special Project. Special Case Location Date Collector Number of collectors Total Aperture area (sqft) Maximum operation temperature (°F) Annual Energy Consumption (KWh/yr) Annual Energy Consumption OSD (KWh/yr)

Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio TX Jun-03 Roof Mounted Parabolic Trough 129 4515 400 270583 741.3

18

Table 6. Hydroelectric Plant Information. Hydropower Plant Abbott TP-3 Amistad Austin (Miller) Buchanan 3 Buchanan Canyon Cuero Denison Dunlap TP 1 Eagle Pass Falcon Gonzales H-4 (Lake Gonzales) H-5 (Lake Wood) Inks LB Johnson (Wirtz) Lewisville Mansfield Max Starcke Morris Sheppard Nolte (TP- 5/Meadow Lake) Ray Roberts Sam Rayburn Seguin Toledo Bend Town Bluff TP 4 Whitney Total capacity *Note: IDL is the Idaho National

County Victoria Valverde Lampasas Burnet Burnet Randall Dewitt Grayson Guadalupe Maverick Zapata Gonzales Guadalupe Guadalupe Burnet Burnet Denton Burnet Burnet Palo Pinto Williamson Grayson Jasper Guadalupe Newton Jasper Guadalupe Bosque

Operator Guadalupe Blanco River Authority Intl Bndry and water commission Lower Colorado River Authority Lower Colorado River Authority Lower Colorado River Authority Guadalupe Blanco River Authority Cuero Hydroelectric Corps of Engineergs Guadalupe Blanco River Auth Central Power and LT Co Intl Bndry and water commission Gonzales Guadalupe Blanco River Auth Guadalupe Blanco River Auth Lower Colorado River Authority Lower Colorado River Authority Denton Lower Colorado River Authority Lower Colorado River Authority Brazos River Authority Guadalupe Blanco River Auth Denton Corps of Engineergs Seguin Sabine R Authority LA & Tex Corps of Engineergs Guadalupe Blanco River Auth Corps of Engineergs

District per IDL*

Date Built

Capacity (MW)

12 13 12 12 12 12 12 11 12 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

1920/30's 1969 1938 1931 1931 1989 Historical Register 1977 1940's 1920/30's 1930's 1953 1925 1920/30's 1920/30's 1936 1949 N/A 1937 1949 N/A 1920/30's N/A 1956 N/A N/A 1989 1920/30's 1955

2.8 66 13.4 22.5 11.25 6.07 1.125 70 3.6 9.6 31.5 1.14 2.4 2.4 12.5 45 2 83.7 30 22.5 2.4 1.2 52 0.25 80.75 8 2.4 30 616.485

Laboratory which supports the U.S. Department of Energy's energy research.

19

Table 7. Geothermal Heat Pump Energy Projects. Project

County

Implementation Date

Birdville High School Campus Texas Motor Speedway George W. Bush’s ranch Esperanza del Sol, Dallas (Hope of the Sun) Hillside Oaks, East Dallas Pease Elementary School, Austin Brooke Elementary School Govalle Elementary School Bailey Middle School, Austin Home in Iowa Park The Home of the Future

Denton Denton McLennan Dallas Dallas Travis Travis Travis Travis Wichita Dallas

2001 1998 2001 1994 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997

Capacity (ton) Area (sqft) N/A N/A 14 18 366 90 150 230 512 1 13

N/A N/A N/A 15276 276120 39162 51605 89319 200000 1668 4573

Table 8. Landfill Gas-fired Power Plants: Operational. Landfill Name Arlington LF BFI - Tessman Road Landfill BFI - Tessman Road Landfill Blue Bonnet LF Castle Road Landfill City of Austin LF City of Brownwood Landfill City of Conroe LF City of Waco LF Coastal Plains LF Covel Gardens LF Dallas-Fort Worth LF Denton Sanitary Landfill McCarty Road LF McCommas Bluff LF/City of Dallas Rosenberg Landfill Sanifill Of Texas-Baytown LF Security Recycling and Disposal LF Sunset Farms WMI/Atascocita LF WMI/Atascocita LF Denton Sanitary Landfill Fort Worth Regional LF McCommas Bluff LF/City of Dallas Austin Community LF SCFD = Million of standard cubic feet MTCO2 = Million Tons of CO2

City

County

Waste In Place (tons)

Landfill Owner Organization

Project Status

Project Start Date

MW Capacity

LFG Flow to Project (SCFD)

Emission Reductions (MTCO2)

Arlington San Antonio San Antonio Houston Garland Austin Brownwood Conroe Woodway Alvin San Antonio Dallas Denton Houston Dallas Rosenberg Baytown Cleveland Austin Humble Humble Denton Haltom City Dallas Austin

Tarrant Bexar Bexar Harris Dallas Travis Brown Montgomery McLennan Galveston Bexar Denton Denton Harris Dallas Fort Bend Chambers Montgomery Travis Harris Harris Denton Tarrant Dallas Travis

13,981,144 11,300,000 11,300,000 2,526,000 4,012,500 4,858,500 1,300,100 3,146,000 2,225,000 6,546,410 12,007,000 18,388,100 2,266,664 28,918,718 26,470,000 2,649,100 6,290,000 4,014,800 9,600,000 9,628,700 9,628,700 2,266,664 N/A 26,470,000 10,380,188

City of Arlington Allied Waste Services Allied Waste Services Waste Management, Inc. City of Garland City of Austin, TX City of Brownwood City of Conroe City of Waco Waste Management, Inc. Waste Management, Inc. Waste Management, Inc. City of Denton, TX Allied Waste Services City of Dallas, TX Fort Bend County, TX Waste Management, Inc. Waste Management, Inc. Allied Waste Services Waste Management, Inc. Waste Management, Inc. City of Denton, TX Allied Waste Services City of Dallas, TX Waste Management, Inc.

Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Operational Construction Construction Construction Shutdown

6/1/2001 10/10/2002 5/1/2003 3/1/2003 5/1/2000 2/1/2004 1/1/1998 3/1/2003 3/1/2004 1/10/2003 12/1/2005 1/1/1992 2/1/2005 1/1/1986 1/1/2000 1/1/2000 1/24/2003 5/1/2003 12/1/1996 6/1/2003 1/1/2004 9/1/2006 3/15/2006 7/1/2006 1/1/1998

5.0 5.4 2.7 1.9 N/A 0.2 N/A 2.9 1.5 6.7 9.6 6.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A 3.9 5.0 3.0 8.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 22.0 N/A

1.584 2.900 1.450 0.928 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.000 N/A N/A N/A 0.432 N/A N/A 1.000 1.730 N/A 1.500 3.090 0.620 0.860 0.720 N/A N/A

0.217 0.234 0.117 0.084 0.089 0.009 0.035 0.126 0.065 0.289 0.416 0.286 0.035 0.797 0.772 0.082 0.169 0.217 0.130 0.368 0.074 0.065 0.069 0.953 N/A

20

Table 9. Landfill Gas-Fired Power Plants: Candidates. Landfill Name

City

County

Services LLC Altair Colorado Amarillo LF Amarillo Potter LF Austin Travis Landfill Abilene Jones Blue Ridge LF Fresno Fort Bend Disposal LF Angleton Brazoria SWMA Landfill Brian & College Station Brazos C&T Landfill Linn Hidalgo Camelot Landfill Lewisville Denton Landfill Odessa Ector LF Beaumont Jefferson Prairie LF Grand Prairie Dallas Landfill Irving Dallas City of Laredo LF Laredo Webb City of Lubbock LF Lubbock Lubbock LF Mckinney Collin City Of Midland LF Midland Midland Nacogdoches Nacogdoches Nacogdoches City of Pampa LF Pampa Gray Landfill Perryton Ochiltree Landfill Port Arthur Jefferson LF Sweetwater Nolan Landfill Temple Bell Landfill Bloomington Victoria Weatherford LF Weatherford Parker Falls LF Wichita Falls Wichita Clint LF Clint El Paso Landfill Colorado City Mitchell Comal County LF New Braunfels Comal Landfill Avalon Ellis Eastside Landfill Fort Worth Tarrant Southeast Landfill Kennedale Tarrant LF Alta Loma Galveston Landfill Beaumont Jefferson Landfill Tyler Smith Hillside Landfill Sherman Grayson J.C. Elliot LF Corpus Christi Nueces Lacy-Lakeview LF Waco McLennan McCombs LF El Paso El Paso Mill Creek LF Fort Worth Tarrant Nelson Gardens LF San Antonio Bexar Waste/Maxwell Plano Collin Pine Hill LF Longview Gregg Landfill Jacksonville Cherokee Skyline LF Ferris Ellis (Amarillo) Canyon Randall County LF Sugarland Fort Bend Sprint LF Sugarland Harris Systems LF Austin Travis Environmental Altair Colorado Landfill Dallas Dallas Turkey Creek LF Alvarado Johnson LF Aledo Tarrant LF Houston Harris LF Hutto Williamson Systems Inc. LF Alvin Galveston


Year Landfill Opened

Landfill Closure Year

Landfill Owner Organization

9,195,000 7,031,400 10,380,188 7,921,300 4,113,900 6,279,700 3,009,600 3,844,000 6,044,700 1,300,000 2,868,800 2,835,800 2,063,900 3,180,000 2,177,800 3,957,000 3,053,200 1,296,200 1,176,200 1,631,100 1,802,100 1,283,800 3,600,000 2,556,000 1,079,000 4,073,200 4,904,400 1,545,200 3,817,620 4,254,250 N/A 5,299,400 7,822,500 2,310,400 3,087,300 2,526,400 5,717,100 1,306,200 4,137,100 4,815,500 11,800,000 6,083,700 12,141,700 1,044,200 8,191,000 3,393,200 1,664,372 2,041,600 4,408,900 1,980,400 6,838,600 3,733,200 9,955,600 6,405,000 2,134,700 3,202,900

1988 1976 1977 1982 1993 1993 1981 1976 1981 N/A 1983 1977 1981 1986 1975 1980 1990 1977 1975 1979 1986 1976 N/A 1982 1976 1982 1983 1975 1975 1985 N/A 1976 1973 1991 1989 1981 1972 1985 1984 1973 1980 1982 1982 1983 1942 1987 1981 1987 1990 1976 1969 1983 1977 1978 1981 1994

2004 2050 2001 2067 2025 2050 2007 2004 2019 N/A 2021 2021 2065 2015 2008 2004 2170 2033 2007 2006 2044 2040 N/A 2040 2060 2021 2006 2020 2010 2100 N/A 2036 2025 2021 2020 2023 2005 2020 2046 2002 1993 2004 2060 2030 2040 2025 2020 2005 2050 2002 2003 2025 2005 2017 2040 2022

Clean Harbors City of Amarillo Waste Management, Inc. Ray Knowles Allied Waste Services Republic Services, Inc. Brazos Valley SWMA Duncan Disposal, Inc. City of Farmers Branch Republic Services, Inc. City of Beaumont City of Grand Prairie City of Irving, TX City of Laredo City of Lubbock City of McKinney City of Midland City of Nacogdoches City of Pampa City of Perryton City of Port Arthur City of Sweetwater City of Temple City of Victoria IESI, Inc. City of Wichita Falls City of El Paso City of Colorado City Waste Management, Inc. Republic Services, Inc. Waste Management, Inc. City of Fort Worth, TX Allied Waste Services Allied Waste Services City of Tyler Waste Management, Inc. City of Corpus Christi, TX Waste Management, Inc. City of El Paso Allied Waste Services City of San Antonio North Texas Municipal Water District 4S Oil Company Allied Waste Services Waste Management, Inc. Allied Waste Services The Sprint Companies Landfill Owner Texas Disposal Systems Safety Clean Allied Waste Services Allied Waste Services Waste Management, Inc. Allied Waste Services Waste Management, Inc. Waste Management, Inc.

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Table 10. Landfill Gas-fired Power Plants: Potential. Landfill Name Bell County/Sparks LF Bell Processing Inc. LF Best Pak Disposal Inc. LF BFI LF City of Cleburne Landfill City of Corsicana LF City of Richardson LF ECD Landfill El Centro Landfill Ellis County LF Gulfwest Facility Hazelwood Enterprises, Inc. LF Hutchins Landfill Itasca Landfill Kerrville Landfill Laidlaw/Wilmer LF Lewisville Landfill Maloy Landfill Mexia Landfill New Boston Landfill Newton County Landfill North County C&D Landfill Paris Landfill Pecan Prairie Landfill Pleasant Oaks Landfill Quail Canyon Rio Grande Valley Sinton Trashaway San Angelo Landfill

City

County

Belton Bell Wichita Falls Wichita Pattison Waller Abilene Taylor Cleburne Johnson Corsicana Navarro Richardson Collin Ennis Ellis Robstown Nueces Palmer Ellis Anahuac Chambers N/A N/A Hutchins Dallas Itasca Hill Kerrville Kerr Wilmer Dallas Lewisville Denton Commerce Hunt Mexia Limestone New Boston Bowie Mauriceville Newton League City Galveston Paris Lamar Kingston Hunt Mount Pleasant Titus Lubbock Lubbock Donna Hidalgo Sinton San Patricio San Angelo Tom Green


Year Landfill Opened

Landfill Closure

Landfill Owner

343,200 N/A N/A 745,888 1,583,200 788,100 825,218 N/A N/A 892,320 N/A N/A 1,000,000 N/A N/A 686,400 N/A 610,000 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1,479,900 N/A 200,200 N/A N/A 790,000

1994 1990 N/A 1993 1976 1993 1975 1988 2000 1994 1993 N/A 1978 1977 1985 1992 1986 1979 1983 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1984 1960 1977 N/A 1972 1984

2001 2001 2001 1997 N/A 2100 1990 2089 2013 N/A 2017 N/A 1992 2017 2006 2001 2003 2030 2019 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1998 2012 1993 N/A 2002 N/A

Bell County Bell Processing Inc Waste Management, Inc. Pine Street Salvage Company Landfill Owner Landfill Owner City of Richardson Allied Waste Services Allied Waste Services Waste Management, Inc. Allied Waste Services Landfill Owner Allied Waste Services Allied Waste Services City of Kerrville Landfill Owner Allied Waste Services Republic Services, Inc. Allied Waste Services N/A N/A Republic Services, Inc. N/A Waste Management, Inc. City of Mount Pleasant Allied Waste Services Allied Waste Services Allied Waste Services Republic Services, Inc.

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Figure 1. Solar Photovoltaic Projects throughout Texas.

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Figure 2. Solar Thermal Projects throughout Texas.

24

Figure 3. Hydroelectric Plants throughout Texas.

25

Figure 4. Geothermal Projects Installed throughout Texas.

26

Figure 5. Landfill Gas-fired Power Projects installed throughout Texas.

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Harris Tarrant Collin Dallas Bexar Travis Denton Williamson El Paso Montgomery Galveston Brazoria Comal Rockwall Hays Nueces Fort Bend Ellis Johnson Guadalupe Kaufman Jefferson Parker Smith Bastrop Chambers Gregg San Patricio Liberty Victoria Orange Caldwell Wilson Hardin Harrison Waller Upshur Rusk Hood Hunt Henderson

Annual Elec. Savings (MWh/yr)

Annual Elec. Savings w/ 7% T&D Loss

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

County

Figure 6. Annual Electric Savings per County from PV Projects.

28


Peak-day Elec. Savings (MWh/day)

OSD Elec. Savings w/ 7% T&D Loss

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00

County

Figure 7. Ozone Season Day Electric Savings per County from PV Projects.

29

0.05

0.00 Harris Tarrant Collin Dallas Bexar Travis Denton Williamson El Paso Montgomer Galveston Brazoria Comal Rockwall Hays Nueces Fort Bend Ellis Johnson Guadalupe Kaufman Jefferson Parker Smith Bastrop Chambers Gregg San Liberty Victoria Orange Caldwell Wilson Hardin Harrison Waller Upshur Rusk Hood Hunt Henderson Ward McLennan Mitchell Freestone Fannin Young Cherokee Titus Limestone Red River Robertson Palo Pinto Llano Haskell Howard Calhoun Lamar Nolan Hidalgo Cameron Frio Brazos Jones Wilbarger Fayette Angelina Whichita Wharton Webb Coke Grimes Andrews Coleman Hardeman Pecos Upton Taylor Tom Green Wise Presidio Bosque Crockett Ector Jack Milam

Annual NOx Emissions Reductions (Tons/yr)

Annual NOx Emissions Reductions

0.05

Non-attainment and Affected Counties Other Counties

0.04

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

County

Figure 8. NOx Emissions Reduction per County from PV Projects.

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0.05




0.05

Non-attainment and Affected Counties Non-attainment and Affected Counties Other Counties Other Counties

0.04

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

County

Figure 9. Ozone Season Day NOx Emissions Reduction per County from PV Projects.

31


Annual Elec. Savings (MWh/yr)

Annual Elec. Savings w/ 7% T&D Loss

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

County

Figure 10. Annual Electric Savings per County from Solar Thermal Projects.

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Peak-day Elec. Savings (MWh/day)

OSD Elec. Savings w/ 7% T&D Loss

1.00

0.90

0.80

0.70

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00

County

Figure 11. Ozone Season Day Electric Savings per County from Solar Thermal Projects.

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0.18




0.20

Non-attainment and Affected Counties Other Counties

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

County

Figure 12. NOx Emissions Reduction per County from Solar Thermal Projects.

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OSD NOx Emissions Reductions (Tons/yr)

OSD NOx Emissions Reductions

0.0006 Non-attainment and Affected Counties Non-attainment and Affected Counties Other Counties Other Counties

0.0005

0.0004

0.0003

0.0002

0.0001

County

Figure 13. Ozone Season Day NOx Emissions Reduction per County from Solar Thermal Projects.

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