*Asstt: Research Officer, Asstt. Botanist, Asst.t. Res. Officer and Director General, Rice Research Institute,. Kala Shah Kaku. . MATERIALS AND METHODS the.
Sarhad
J.
of
Agric.,
Vol.
VII
No.5.
ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS AND HETEROBELTIOSIS IN RICE (OR YZA SA TIVA L.) TAHIR LATIF, M. SHAHID, M. IQBAL and ABDUL MAJEED* ABSTRACT The performance of six Fl crosses uivotvinq five rice v~ri~ties was studies to investigate heteroSlS and heterobeltlOslS for plant height, number of panicl~s/pla~t, panicle le~gth,. number of spikelets per panicle, 100 gram weIght and gram Yleld per plant. Positive heterosis over mid parents was shown by many crosses and over better parents by several .cross~s fo~ all the characters. For grain yield per plant, 100 gram weLg~t a~d panicle length all the crosses showed increase over theIr tnui parents while four of them were superior to their better parents respectively. INTRODUCTION Rice is one of the leading cereals that provides staple food for more than half of the world population and has great importance in the international trade. About 90% of rice is produced and consumed in Asia. Therefore, it is the most important crop of Asian countries. In these countries national policies are directed towards achieving self sufficiency in rice production. Pakistan is famous for producing high quali ty Basmati rice in the international market which 10S also great demand within the country. Unfortunately, like othr field crops the yield of rice is very low as compared with the other leading rice growing countries of the world. Under these circumstances it is the need of the· time to increase the yield of rice. For this purpose many plant breeders have extensively explored and utilized heterosis in boosting up yield of rice. Jones (1926) and Singh et al (1980) reported varying degree of heterosis for yield and some of its components in rice. The present .J..n_y_es!!R.Cl.HOD_ ..~i_rrl.L.9L..?.~~sin~ *Asstt: Research Off icer, Asstt. Botanist, Kala Shah Kaku.
the extent of heterotic effects in breeding programme for some important characters in rice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental material consisted of two fine rice cultivars viz. Bas-370 and Bas-385 and three medium rice cultivars i.e. KS-282, IR-6 and IR-9. Five parents alongwith six hybrids, obtained because of crosses were grown in 1989-90 at Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku. (310 N and 7{~0 E). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Five plants of each entry were selected at random from. each plot and data were recorded on the following parameters, plant height (cm), number of panicles per plant, panicle length (cm), numbr of productive tillers per plant, 100 grain weight (g) and total grain yield (g). Analysis of variance was carried out to test the significant differences of characters between mean of the parents and F1 hybrids. Heterosis was, calculated by following the procedure of Wynne .~ ...Al (1970) Jr.Q._rlJ. the_formula (F 1...:.
Asst.t. Res. Off icer and Director General, Rice Research .
627
Institute,
the significant differences among the sample means were tested by Duncon's Multiple Range Test.
Mid parent/Mid parent) x 100. Het erobeltiosis (Fonseca, 1965) was calculated by following the formula (F 1 - Better Parent/Better Parent) x lOO.
Highly significant differences were observed for all the characters except number of spikele ts per panicle where the differences were significant (Table 1).
RESUL TS AND DISCUSSION The data collected were analysed, statistically according to the, standard analysis of variance techmque and' TabJe I.
Mean squares from analysis of variance and the significant for different characters of nee at Rice Research Institute, Kaku.
Source of variation
d.f,
Plant height
Replication
3
11.767
Varieties
10
'lI-* 2359.081
Error ,
30
22.340
*,**
significant
Table 2.
No. of panicles/ plant
Panicle length
No. of spikelets/ pan.
100 grain weight
Grain yield
33.621
6.366
13.356
0.001
224-.246
** 122.154-
41.080
448.139*
0.186
** 826.433
6.077
158.672
0.007
167.823
'lI-'lI-
24.409
Plant height
No. of . panicles /Qlant
*·M·
levels, respectively.
at 0.05 and 0.01 probability
Summary of Heterotic effect on different Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku.
Parameter
difference Kala Shah
Panicle length.
characters
No. of spike lets/ Qlant
in rice
at
Rice
100 grain weight
Cr ain yield
Mean values of mid parent.
117.37
45.46
27.59
143.97
2.21
73.80
Heterosis Heterobel tiosis
+10.54 +2.27
+3.69 +2.72
+9.09 +3.62
+0.72 -4.55
+9.57 +1+.53
+19.29 +11.42
No. of crosses Below the lower parent
0
3
0
0
6
3
Above the better parent
5
3
Highest/ lowest parent ratio
1.42
1.04-
Above the mid parent
0
6
1
4
6
2 1.31
628
1.23
6 4
1.24
1.78
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The heterotic performance of SIX crosses with their mid and betterparents for the characters studied are presented in Table 2. For plant height, the magnitude of positie heterosis was high in all the crosses while heterobeI tiosis showed positi ve values over the better parent except in the cross Bas.385 x IR 6. A cri tical review of the results presented in (Table 3) indicated that none of the F1 hybrids showed lower mean values of the character plant height than those . of lower parents. The results got full support from. earlier findings of Cheema et a1 (1988). Sharma and Mani (1989). For number of panicles per plant, three out of six crosses showed heterosis over the mid parents and three over the better parent. similarly three hybrids showed lower mean values of the character than' that of lower parent (Table 3). The' cross combination Bs.385 x KS 282 gives