( ( (
( EVALUATION'OF'KNOWLEDGE'ON' ORAL'HEALTH,'MALOCCLUSIONS'AND' NONFNUTRITIVE'HABITS'OF'DAYCARE' EDUCATORS' ( ( (
ABSTRACT' ( AIM:( The( purpose( of( this( study( was( to( evaluate( daycare( educators’( knowledge( on( oral( health,( malocclusions( and( nonZnutritive( habits( and(how(to(address(these(issues.(Educators(were(also(investigated(on( whether( or( not( they( had( received( previous( instructions( on( oral( health( and( the( quality( of( such( information.( MATERIAL' AND' METHODS:(A(survey(was(conducted(using(a(questionnaire,(given(to( daycare( educators( of( Araraquara( (SP,( Brazil).( The( structured( questionnaire(had(closeZended(questions,(and(was(divided(into(three( sections( according( to( subject( matter.( RESULTS:( Based( on( the( analyzed( questionnaires( (n=143),( most( educators( showed( reasonable(knowledge(on(oral(health((72%)(and(nonZnutritive(habits( (52.4%),(although(89.5%(of(them(had(received(previous(instructions( on( the( subject.( ChiZsquare( test( showed( no( association( between( the( level( of( knowledge( among( educators( and( the( variables:( age,( type( of( school( and( self( assessment( of( knowledge.( CONCLUSIONS:( These( professionals(need(additional(information(about(oral(health(in(order( to( address( these( topics( through( educational( practices,( since( educators( are( the( best( suited( professionals( to( teach( and( motivate( children.( ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ( BARBOZA,(Naiara*( ' KEYWORDS' SANTANA,(Natalia*( LUNARDI,(Nadia**( (
BOECK,(Eloisa(Marcantonio**( PIZZOL,(Karina(Eiras(Dela(Coleta**(
Children.(Malocclusion.(Habits.(Health(educators.(
( ( ( ( Graduate(student,(University(Center(of(Araraquara,(Araraquara,(SP,(Brazil*( Professor,(Department(of(Orthodontics,(University(Center(of(Araraquara,(Araraquara,(SP,(Brazil**( Correspondence:(
[email protected]((PIZZOL(KEDC)(|(Received(28(Apr(2014(Received'in'revised'form(30(Apr(2014(Accepted(02(May(2014(
(
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INTRODUCTION !
During'the'early'years'of'the'child'life,'it'
as' health' multiplier' agents' within' their' families7.
is' expected'that' a' great'part' of'them'presents'
'
some' type' of' non7nutritive' oral' behavior,' or'
education' are' the' best' forms' of' oral' health'
problems' like' dental' caries,' dental' trauma' or'
promotion,' educators' and' caregivers' play'
gingival'in;lammation.'The'lack'of'family1,2$ and'
fundamental' role' in' children' oral' health3,' due'
educators 3$ information' and' idea' that'
to' their' contact' time' and' familiarity' with' the'
deciduous' teeth'do' not' need'proper' attention'
children.8+11'The'family'and'the'daycare'center'
aggravate'the'situation.
are' the' ;irst' and' most' important' groups' in'
'
A c c o r d i n g' t o' t h e' W o r l d' H e a l t h'
which' the' child' is' inserted' in,' outlining' the'
O r g a n i z a t i o n' ( W H O ) 4 ,' d e n t a l' c a r i e s ,'
child' general' behavior' characteristics1,12.'
periodontal'diseases'and'malocclusions'are'the'
Family' and' daycare' and/or' school' will'
three' oral' pathologies' with' higher' prevalence'
unconsciously' or' not' in;luence' in' the' onset,'
worldwide.' In' Brazil,' these' rates' are' more'
development' and' weaning' or' not,' of'
elevated5$ when' compared' to' European' and'
deleterious' behavior,' as' well' as' in' the' child'
North' American' populations,' due' to' lack' of'
oral' health.' For' example,' the' in;luence' of' the'
information'and'access'to'public'dental'care.
educator’s' knowledge' and' attitudes' towards'
'
In' agreement' with' Moimaz,' Saliba' and'
sucking' habits' is' determinant' in' the'
Saliba6$ (1994),' oral' health' education' plays' a'
persistence'or'elimination'of'this'behavior.'''''''''''
relevant'role'in'the'prevention'of'oral'diseases,'
'
as' it' clari;ies' the' causes,' as' well' as' indicates'
importance' for' children’s' oral' health'
preventive' approaches.' Thus,' motivation' and'
education,' the' aim' of' this' study' was' to'
health'education'are'of'great'importance'in'the'
delineate'the'knowledge'and'attitude'pro;ile'of'
promotion'of'oral'health'of'the'population'and'
daycare' center' educators' of' Araraquara' city'
should'be'addressed'as'early'as'possible.'
(SP,' Brazil)'on'oral'health,'non7nutritive'habits'
'
and'malocclusions.
The'preschool'age' is' a'favorable' period'
Considering' that' prevention' and'
Considering'the'educator’s'role'of'great'
for'motivation'work,'given'that'besides'manual' MATERIAL-AND-METHODS
skills,' the' child' is' developing' perception' of' cause7effect' relations,' contributing' to' the' recognition' of' the' importance' of' prevention.'
SAMPLE'SELECTION:
Based' on' the' received' information,' children'
'
will' likely' apply' the' situations' experienced' at'
approved' (protocol' number' 1116/10)' by' the'
The' present' study' was' submitted' and'
the'daycare' center' to' their' daily' lives' and' act'
JRD'7'Journal'of'Research'in'Dentistry,'Tubarão,'v.'2,'n.'4,'jul/aug.'2014
288
Ethics' Committee' of'the' School'of'Dentistry' of'
QUESTIONNAIRE'DISTRIBUTION:
Araraquara'(UNIARA,'SP,'Brazil).
!
'
Initially,' a' list' of' the' total' number' of'
given'to'all'educators' who' work'with'children'
daycare'centers' in' the'city' of'Araraquara' was'
between' 6'months'to' 5'years' of'age.' To' those'
provided' by' the' Araraquara' District' School'
who' agreed' in' participating' in' the' study,' a'
Board.' To' reach' a' signi;icant' number' of'
structured' questionnaire' was' given,' with'
individuals' (n),' daycare' centers' were' divided'
close7ended' questions,' aiming' to' obtain'
into' regions' (North,' South,' East,' West)'
information' on' the' level' of' educators’'
according'to'locations'in'the'city'map,'supplied'
knowledge' on'oral' diseases' like'dental' caries,'
by' the' School' Board.' Three' public' daycare'
periodontal'diseases,'as'well'as'attitude'in'face'
centers'were'selected'in'each'region,' choosing'
of' dental' traumas.' Information' referring' to'
daycare' centers' located' distant' from' each'
non7nutritive'oral'habits'and'approaches'in'the'
other,' avoiding' that' socio7economical' factors'
presence'of'this'behavior'in'students'were'also'
could'interfere' in' the' study' results.' Similarly,'
analyzed.' Educators' were' still' questioned'
six' private' daycare' centers' were' selected;'
whether' they' received' information' or'
representing' 20%' of' the' total' sampling'
p r o f e s s i o n a l' i n s t r u c t i o n' o n' h a b i t s ,'
number,' reproducing' the' public/private'
malocclusions,' traumas,' dental' caries' and'
daycare' ratio.' The' number' of'daycare' centers'
other' oral' diseases.' The' questionnaires' were'
included' in' the' study' was' calculated' in'
personally' collected' ;ifteen' days' later.' A'
accordance' with' the' least' necessary' number'
second'collection'was'carried'out'30'days'later,'
for'statistical'relevance'and'representativeness'
to' avoid' sample' de;icit' that' could' affect' the'
in'the'studied'population.
study.' A' ;inal' sampling' of' 143' questionnaires'
-
was'obtained.'
Each'selected'daycare'center'received'a'
A' free' and' informed' consent' form' was'
document' from'the'District'School' Board,' with'
'
The'questionnaire' was' composed'of'34'
information'on'the' study' and'authorization'of'
close7ended' and' 3' open7ended' questions,'
participation.' To' minimize' possible' method'
divided' in' three' sections:' 1)' dental' caries,'
errors,' a' pilot' study' was' carried' out' in' two'
traumas' and' periodontal' diseases;' 2)' non7
(one' public' and' one' private)' randomly'
nutritive' oral' habit;' 3)' self7evaluation' of'
selected' daycare' centers' from' the' total'
knowledge' on' oral' health' and' application' in'
sampling,' and' the' questionnaire' used' in' the'
preschool' education.' As' analysis' parameter,'
study'distributed'to'educators.'
three' levels' were' de;ined,' according' to' the' number'of'correct'answers'in'sections'1'and'2.' Cases' with' score' equal' or' superior' to' 80%'
JRD'7'Journal'of'Research'in'Dentistry,'Tubarão,'v.'2,'n.'4,'jul/aug.'2014
289
were'considered'appropriate;'cases' with'score'
(142' women' and' 1' man),' demonstrating' that'
between'50779%,' reasonable;' cases' inferior'to'
the' preschool' pedagogy' area' is' almost'
50%,' unsatisfactory.' Since' section' 3' of' the'
exclusively' feminine' in' Brazil.' The' age'
questionnaire' was' a' self7evaluation,' the'
distribution' of' the' sample' (;igure' 1)'
answers' were' individually' analyzed' and' not'
demonstrates' that' most' daycare' center'
scored,'as'they'could'not'be'considered'correct'
educators' were' between' 30' and'39' years' old'
or'incorrect.
(average'of'37.8'years).' Only'22'teachers'work' in' private' daycare'centers,' whereas' 121'work'
DATA'ANALYSIS:
in'public'ones.
!
!
Data' were' computed' using' Excel' 2007'
Regarding' the' level' of' educators'
software,' and' subsequently' descriptive' and'
knowledge,' section' 1' of' the' questionnaire'
statistical' analyses' were' carried' out.' In' the'
showed'that'most'educators'(103)'had'regular'
q u a n t i t a t i v e' a n a l y s i s ,' t h e' f r e q u e n c y'
knowledge' on' the' subject' (dental' caries,'
distribution' of' answers' was' observed.'
periodontal' diseases' and' oral' traumas),' while'
Questions' with' multiple' choices' and' only' one'
37' had' appropriate' knowledge' and' 3'
correct' combination'were'not' considered.' For'
insuf;icient'or'inappropriate'knowledge'(;igure'
statistical'analysis,'Chi7Square'test'was'used'to'
2).' Although' the' average' of' appropriate'
verify' the' existence' of' associations' between'
knowledge'found'in'the'study'was'not'elevated'
the' study' variables' (p
