Evaluation Report

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intention to enhance apicultural extension in SE Asia, to improve extension ... 15 percent of beekeepers making more than $CDN 200 per year from beekeeping.
  Beekeeping Development and  Extension in Vietnam  CIDA UPCD Tier 2 Project #597‐T203‐05       

         

 

Evaluation Report  31 October 2012 

   

 

    

                                                                             Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam   

Contents  Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................. 1 Project Description ................................................................................................................................... 4 Project goals .................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Project location .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Project activities .............................................................................................................................................................. 4

Evaluation Team Members ..................................................................................................................... 6 Canadian Evaluation Team .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Beekeeping Development and Extension Project Evaluation Team support .............................................. 6

Evaluation Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 7 Participatory Evaluation ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Preliminary Evaluation Mission February 17 – 25, 2012 ............................................................................ 10 Evaluation Mission – April 6 ‐ May 5, 2012 .................................................................................................. 11 Day one ............................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Days 2 and 3.................................................................................................................................................................... 12 In Hanoi ............................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Summary of evaluation activities ................................................................................................................... 13

Evaluation Results .................................................................................................................................. 14 Goal 1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 Workshops in Vietnam ................................................................................................................................................ 15 Workshops in Canada .................................................................................................................................................. 15 Professional workshops .............................................................................................................................................. 16 Beekeeping manual ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 Beekeeping video .......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Has VBRDC staff learned to use participatory methods? ................................................................................ 17 Availability of educational materials on participatory methods. .................................................................. 18 Training of Asian apicultural agents ........................................................................................................................ 19 Conference presentations .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Beekeeping manual and DVD distribution ............................................................................................................ 20 Educational materials .................................................................................................................................................. 20 Training of MARD extension agents ....................................................................................................................... 21 Training of university extension agents ................................................................................................................. 21 Training of additional commune extension agents ........................................................................................... 21 Summary of Goal 1 Results .............................................................................................................................. 22

Goal 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 23 Number of hives ............................................................................................................................................................ 23 Amount of honey produced ...................................................................................................................................... 24 Amount of honey sold ................................................................................................................................................. 24 Amount of honey given away ................................................................................................................................... 25

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                                                                             Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam   

Beekeeping  income ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 Beekeeping as a livelihood activity ......................................................................................................................... 26 Perceived quality of life .............................................................................................................................................. 26 Reported benefits from beekeeping....................................................................................................................... 27 Participatory community mapping .......................................................................................................................... 28 Diffusion of beekeeping knowledge ....................................................................................................................... 29 Beekeeping clubs .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 VBRDC response to feedback .................................................................................................................................... 31 Summary Conclusion on Goal 2 ................................................................................................................ 32

Goal 3 ........................................................................................................................................................ 33 Beekeeper understanding of pollination ............................................................................................................... 33 PhD thesis on pollination ............................................................................................................................................ 34 Knowledge of increased crop yields from pollination ....................................................................................... 34 Importance of the Natural Forest ............................................................................................................................ 35 Summary Conclusion on Goal 3 ................................................................................................................ 36

Goal 4 ........................................................................................................................................................ 38 VBRDC gender ratios .................................................................................................................................................... 38 Commune beekeeper gender ratios ....................................................................................................................... 38 Beekeeping benefits for women .............................................................................................................................. 39 Gender equity among national and regional agencies ..................................................................................... 40 Summary Conclusion on Goal 4 ...................................................................................................................... 40

Relevance ................................................................................................................................................. 41 National development goals ..................................................................................................................................... 41 VBRDC goals .................................................................................................................................................................... 41 Beekeepers’ goals ......................................................................................................................................................... 41

Sustainability ........................................................................................................................................... 42 Wax foundation ............................................................................................................................................................. 42 Beekeeping equipment ............................................................................................................................................... 44 Advisory services ........................................................................................................................................................... 44 Continuation of beekeeping ...................................................................................................................................... 44

Potential for Replication ....................................................................................................................... 44 Summary on Relevance, Sustainability and Replication ............................................................................ 45

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................ 46 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................. 47 Appendices .............................................................................................................................................. 48 Appendix 1: Project Logical Framework ........................................................................................................ 49 Appendix 2: Survey Questionnaire ................................................................................................................ 55

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                                                                             Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam   

Executive Summary  The Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam project had four goals:  1.   To enhance extension capacity in Vietnam and the region through adoption of participatory  methodologies  2.   To have beekeeping recognized as a significant poverty alleviation strategy in Vietnam and South East  Asia  3.   To have the value of bees as pollinators in mixed rural agriculture recognized in Vietnam and  Southeast Asia  4.   To enhance awareness and achievement of gender equity in Vietnam.    Goal 1 Results  The VBRDC Staff learned participatory methodologies through workshops in Vietnam and Canada and  have successfully incorporated these methodologies into their training and extension practice.  There has  been delivery of training to beekeepers and extension agents in Ha Tinh province using participatory  methods.  A beekeeping manual and video have been produced.  Asian Apiculturists, Vietnamese  university extension workers, and 26 commune extension agents have been trained.  These 26 commune  extension agents were not targeted in the original project design but emerged as important, high‐impact  target group once the work in the communes began. But training of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural  Development (MARD) extension agents was downgraded as an objective during the project owing to a  limited interest at MARD in beekeeping. Only 1 MARD extension agent was trained.    A modified beekeeping training approach has emerged at VBRDC with a strong focus on participatory  methods.  This approach has been developed, tested, and refined during implementation of Ha Tinh  beekeeping project. The approach appears to be well institutionalized among the VBRDC extension staff  and can be expected to be continued into the future.  Some training materials and programs for  apiculture and extension have been developed and showcased at conferences related to beekeeping.    Further dissemination can be expected as the results of the project are incorporated into scholarly  publications and further conference presentations over the coming months.  There has been improved  capacity among target groups of extensionists to train others and to deliver extension programs.  This is  particularly so with commune extension agents in Ha Tinh province, less so with university extension  agents and Asian apiculturists, but not at all with MARD extension agents.    The intention to enhance extension capacity of VBRDC has been achieved to an outstanding degree.  The  intention to enhance apicultural extension in SE Asia, to improve extension capacity of MARD employees,  and improve capacity of university personnel has been achieved to a limited degree.  In conclusion Goal 1:  To enhance extension capacity in Vietnam and the region, through adoption of participatory  methodologies, has been achieved.    Goal 2 Results  The benefits of the project to the commune beekeepers are significant and unambiguous: higher incomes,  increased social capital, higher self‐esteem, better family relationships, and a learned skill that can be  practiced well into old age.  The target was to train 180 rural villagers in six communes.  This target was  surpassed with 195 beekeepers trained directly by the project in the six communes.  The target was to 

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                                                                             Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam   

have 70 percent of beekeepers still producing honey at end of project. This target was significantly  surpassed with virtually all trainees still producing honey and many non‐trainees having been brought into  beekeeping as a result of the dissemination work of the beekeepers themselves.   The target was to have  15 percent of beekeepers making more than $CDN 200 per year from beekeeping.  The target was  surpassed with 124 beekeepers reporting an income over $200 CDN per year.   Many additional villagers  have had opportunities to learn beekeeping through the beekeeping clubs, through the efforts of  individual beekeepers, and through the work of the commune extension agents.  Thus the purpose under  Goal 2 which was to improve rural livelihoods in rural Ha Tĩnh Province, near Vu Quang National Park,  through beekeeping has been met and significantly surpassed.  The livelihood benefits of the project are  striking and the indications of the wide dissemination of the knowledge of beekeeping in the communes is  particularly notable.     The overall intent on Goal 2, however, was to have beekeeping recognized as a significant activity to  alleviate poverty in Vietnam and Southeast Asia.  This goal has been met to a limited degree because  there has not been a substantial communication strategy generated under this project goal.  Useful data  has been collected by the project but it remains to disseminate this data through academic and practical  publications and training materials.  It is to be hoped that the project’s results will be widely disseminated  in the coming months.      Goal 3 Results  Goal 3 anticipated increasing the recognition of the value of bees as pollinators in mixed rural agriculture  in Vietnam and Southeast Asia.  The hope to quantify increases in crop yields resulting from honey bee  pollination in rural Vietnam, and to disseminate those results widely was moderately achieved with the  completion of a PhD thesis on pollination and some conference presentations on this topic.  Enhanced  awareness of MARD and NAEC extension agents and other government agencies with respect to crop  pollination, crop yields, and the ecological role of bees was achieved to a very limited degree due to the  limited participation of these agencies in the project.  Pollination research results have not been  converted into a fact sheet or distributed to agencies in Vietnam and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. There  have been no publications to date on the importance of honey bees in Asian agro ecosystems and the  wide distribution of such publications in Asia has not been achieved. One television segment on  beekeeping based on the project has been produced and aired in Vietnam during August and September  2012. These dissemination results may be improved upon as further academic publications and  knowledge transfer productions emerge as follow‐ups to the project.   It does appear that the beekeepers  have increased their protection of natural forest areas.  How much further this has disseminated is  unclear.  It also appears that participatory surveys were used to assess villagers activities in forested areas  at the beginning of the project and that a conservation component was included in the beekeeper training  program.  Thus overall Goal 3 is assessed to have been achieved to a moderate degree.    Goal 4 Results  Goal 4 tasked the project to enhance awareness and achievement of gender equity in Vietnam.  The  minimum targets for project activities sought to have 30 percent participation by women.  This was  achieved for VBRDC staff and for beekeeper trainees who were the primary focus of project activities.  In  addition it should be noted that among beekeepers the project has contributed to an increased status of  women within their households and has been supportive of the general ethos of gender equality  promoted by Vietnamese policy.  For the Vietnamese national and Southeast Asian target groups the  minimum result was not met.  It can thus be concluded that the gender goal was met to a moderate  degree.         

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                                                                             Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam   

Relevance, Sustainability and Replication  The project has generated results that are relevant to the national goals of Vietnam, to the organizational  goals of VBRDC, and to the livelihood goals of the beekeepers.  The potential for sustainability of project  results is high.  The one minor concern is with the supply of wax foundation to beekeepers in the  communes. The beekeepers are aware of several options to address this problem and given the overall  benefits of beekeeping the evaluation team feels confident that the problem will be resolved using one of  the available options.  The project process is one that can be easily replicated if beekeeping is identified as  an interest of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.  Donors and NGOs can also encourage  replication and can take advantage of the skills now available from VBRDC in order to do so. 

        

 

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Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam

Project Description Project goals The Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam project had four goals: 1. To enhance extension capacity in Vietnam and the region through adoption of participatory methodologies 2. To have beekeeping recognized as a significant poverty alleviation strategy in Vietnam and South East Asia 3. To have the value of bees as pollinators in mixed rural agriculture recognized in Vietnam and Southeast Asia 4. To enhance awareness and achievement of gender equity in Vietnam. As outlined in the project’s first annual report the purpose of the project was to improve beekeeping training programs and the implementation of participatory extension methods in Vietnam in order to enhance rural livelihoods. The main expected outcomes included enhancing awareness among villagers of the ecological role and importance of honey bees, refining beekeeping training programs, improving train-the-trainer abilities in extension methodologies, increasing the number of successful beekeepers, and promoting gender equality. The main beneficiaries were to include staff of the Vietnam Bee Research and Development Centre, Asian apicultural extension personnel, district and commune extension workers, as well as male and female farmers in the target communes. Key project activities were to include graduate training in apiculture; field research and surveys in six communes of Ha Tinh Province; education of an equal number of men and women as apicultural extensionists; upgrading equipment and library resources; and creating and distributing manuals and training videos on beekeeping and rural extension methodologies to relevant organizations in Vietnam and neighbouring countries (Annual Report 2007-2008, 1).

Project location The project’s main training activities were conducted in Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam. Six communes in two districts of Ha Tinh province were involved (Figure 1). Huong Son District Communes: Son Tay , Son Diem, Son Mai, Son Truong Vu Quang District Communes: Duc Linh, Son Tho

Project activities The chronology of main project events are listed in the table below. In addition to these events there was a continuous interaction between the staff of the Vietnam Bee Research and Development Center (VBRDC) and the beekeeping trainees in Ha Tinh province. The contribution of these activities to the realization of the project goals is considered in the evaluation results section.

Table 1: Chronology of Project Events

Date July 2006

Event Project begins

Location Guelph

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Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam

February 2007

April 2007 September 2007 October 2007

April 2008 July 2008 November 2008

November 2008

November 2008 April 2009 July 2009 15-20 September 2009 November 2009 November 2009 May 2010 25-28 October 2010 30 October – 1 November 2010 November 2010 October 2011

January 2012 17-25 Feb 2012 27 Feb – 1 Mar 2012 5 April – 5 May 14 June 2012 June 2012 31 July 2012

Workshop on participatory training techniques and techniques to Hanoi obtain information on daily/seasonal activities and villager desires/concerns. Selection of beekeeper trainees in Son Tho and Son Truong communes, Vu Quang District. Dr. Chinh, Director of BRDC, participates in a workshop on communityCoady Institute, assessment community assessment NS, Canada Baseline surveys completed in Son Tho and Son Truong Ha Tinh communes. Introductory Beekeeping Course Beekeeping training in Son Tho and Son Truong communes. Selection of beekeeper trainees in Son Diem and Duc Linh Ha Tinh communes. 8 Vietnamese extensionists visit to Canada Guelph, Ottawa Mr. Tam, Mrs. Hang, and Dr. Otis attended the 9th Asian Hangzhou, China Apicultural Association conference. Mrs. Hang made a presentation on the project. Baseline surveys completed in Son Diem and Duc Linh communes. Ha Tinh Introductory beekeeping training in Son Diem and Duc Linh communes Advanced beekeeping training in Son Tho and Son Truong Ha Tinh communes. Selection of beekeeper trainees in Son Tay and Son Mai communes. The beekeeping training DVD, “Beekeeping Technique with Apis Hanoi cerana” is completed. Mr. Tam, Mrs. Hang, and Dr. Otis attended the 41st Apimondia Montpellier, France Congress and presented a paper. Baseline surveys completed and introductory beekeeping training Ha Tinh in Son Tay and Son Mai communes Advanced beekeeping training in Son Diem and Duc Linh Ha Tinh communes. Study tour to Danish Beekeeping Project in northern Vietnam Workshop on Participatory Methodologies in Beekeeping Ha Tay Province Extension International Conference on Beekeeping Development and Honey Hanoi Marketing Advanced beekeeping training in Son Tay and Son Mai communes. University workshop, Vietnamese university personnel. Honey bee breeding workshop held in South Vietnam. Honey bee breeding workshop held in North Vietnam Introductory Workshop for 25 Commune Extension Agents First Evaluation Mission Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Workshop

Kim Boi

Second Evaluation Mission PhD thesis defended Advanced Workshop for 25 Extension Agents Project end

Hanoi, Ha Tinh Guelph Ha Tinh

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Moc Chau Ha Tinh Hanoi, Ha Tinh Hanoi

Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam

Evaluation Team Members The evaluation was conducted by a four member Canadian team made up of faculty and students from the University of Guelph, School of Environmental Design and Rural Development. The Canadian team was supported by a large group from the project including the Project Director, many staff from the Vietnam Bee Research and Development Center (VBRDC), and three outside translators. The project group both supported the evaluation logistically and many provided data for the evaluation in a process that conforms to the principles of participatory evaluation. Canadian Evaluation Team Dr. John Devlin – Associate Professor (Evaluation Team Leader) Dr. Nonita Yap - Professor Frances Dietrich-O’Connor - Research Assistant (MSc Candidate) Kerry Ground - Research Assistant (MSc Candidate) Beekeeping Development and Extension Project Evaluation Team support Gard Otis, Canadian Project Director - University of Guelph Nguyen Thi Hang VINAPI Senior Manager Dang Van Thang, VBRDC Deputy Director Pham Thi Huyen, VBRDC Senior Extension Agent Tran Thi Dau, VBRDC Senior Extension Agent Tran Van Toan, VBRDC Senior Extension Agent Nguyen Duc Lam, VBRDC Extension Dinh Quoc Hieu, VBRDC Extension NguyenTong Thanh VBRDC Extension Dang Hai Van, VBRDC Staff Pham Van Cuong, Nguyen Tuong Huy, Phung Thi Kim Trang

Translator Translator Translator

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Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam

Evaluation Methodology Participatory Evaluation In keeping with the first goal of the project, which was to introduce participatory methods to VBRDC, the evaluation adopted a participatory approach. It was intended to collect relevant information, to provide training to VBRDC staff in participatory evaluation, and to enhance organizational learning among the beekeepers and extension agents who participated in the project. The literature on participatory evaluation identifies a fundamental distinction between “accountability” and “organizational learning” approaches to evaluation (Armytage 2011). An accountability approach applies the principles of results-based management. It seeks to determine whether a project’s actual results match the original goals and objectives of the project as designed. Gaps between anticipated and actual results are identified and sometimes explained. While evaluation is intended to enhance the accountability of project managers it is also intended to contribute to improved development practice. But these two purposes may be in conflict. In principle the project managers can learn from the evaluation and improve their performance during the next project cycle. But the time and effort devoted to the collection and analysis of data to determine results may preclude a more open and reflective engagement of project participants in the evaluation of project results with a view to assessing the relevance of the development project to participant interests, organizational learning, and future development activities. Participatory evaluations put much greater emphasis on the process of reflection and on the potential for learning during the evaluation process. Participatory evaluation is an approach in which representatives of donors, executing agencies, stakeholders, and beneficiaries work together in designing, carrying out and interpreting an evaluation (OECD-DAC, 2002). Participatory evaluations can range along a continuum representing degrees of participation by the various stakeholders. The beekeeping project evaluation sought to achieve a degree of participation and was successful in engaging the staff of VBRDC in the execution of the evaluation. It was intended to be a learning opportunity for both the VBRDC staff and the beekeepers in each commune. VBRDC staff organized logistics, collected data, and were interviewed as project participants. Beekeepers were consulted on the logistics of the evaluation process and were involved in reflective discussions on the future of beekeeping in their communes as well as being survey and interviewed. In these ways the evaluation process sought to achieve some of the objectives of participatory evaluation. But the evaluation retained strong elements of accountability. Data were collected on the achievement of project goals, purposes, outcomes, and outputs as these were set out in the project’s logical framework. The data collection instruments were designed in consultation with the Project Director. Consultations with VBRDC staff and the Ha Tinh beekeepers over the design of the evaluation were made during the pre-evaluation mission in February 2012 but the main features of the evaluation process were determined by the Canadian team. The final evaluation report was prepared by the Canadian team. The evaluation was thus a hybrid incorporating elements of both accountability and organizational learning approaches. The evaluation team made some adjustments in the presentation of the logical framework in order to facilitate the design of the evaluation. This involved recasting the logical framework as a work breakdown structure with a nested hierarchy of goals, purposes, outcome, and outputs. This alternative presentation of the project structure provides a summary description of the project and was the basis for the design of the evaluation strategy. The nested hierarchy is presented below for each of the four project goals. This structure is used to organize the reporting of evaluation results in this document.

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Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam

Goal 1: To enhance extension capacity in Vietnam and the region, through adoption of participatory methodologies Purpose 1.1: To enhance extension capacity of VBRDC Outcome 1.1.1: Modified beekeeping training program of VBRDC is developed, tested, and refined during implementation of Ha Tĩnh beekeeping project. Output 1.1.1.1: VBRDC extension staff (8 people) learns to use various participatory methods effectively in all aspects of their work. Output 1.1.1.2: BRDC extension staff attend at 3-4 short workshops in Vietnam Output 1.1.1.3: BDRC extension staff attend extended workshop in Canada Output 1.1.1.4: BDRC extension staff attend “selected professional workshops” Output 1.1.1.5: Production of beekeeping manual and video/DVD on beekeeping Output 1.1.1.6: Educational materials on participatory development are widely available Output 1.1.1.7: Breadth of expertise of BRDC staff is increased Output 1.1.1.8: VBRDC modifies activities in response to evaluation Purpose 1.2: To enhance apicultural extension in SE Asia Outcome 1.2.1: Improved training materials and programs (apiculture and extension) are developed and showcased at conferences related to beekeeping Output 1.2.1.1: Twenty-four (24) Asian apiculture agents trained in PRA, PM&E, PAR techniques Output 1.2.1.2: Production of beekeeping manual and video/DVD on beekeeping Output 1.2.1.3: Educational materials on participatory development are widely available Purpose 1.3: To improve extension capacity of MARD employees and university personnel Outcome 1.3.1: Improved capacity among target groups of extensionists to train others or to deliver extension programs Output 1.3.1.1: Thirty (30) MARD extension agents trained in PRA, PM&E, PAR techniques Output 1.3.1.2: Fifteen (15) Vietnamese university extension staff trained in PRA, PM&E, PAR techniques

Goal 2: Beekeeping is recognized as a significant activity to alleviate poverty in Vietnam and SE Asia Purpose 2.1: To improve rural livelihoods in rural Ha Tĩnh Province, near Vu Quang National Park, through beekeeping Outcome 2.1.1: 70% of trainees become successful beekeepers (i.e. they are producing honey at the end of the project); 15% of trainees make CDN $200 per year from beekeeping. _______________________________ iia) Improved awareness of village assets, resulting from use of participatory methodologies iib) Improvements of training materials and programs from one year to next

i) Comparison of initial and final survey data (gender disaggregated) from each village: % of trainees successful in producing honey; data on revenue derived from sale of bee products. ____________________________________ iia) Socio-economic data from initial village surveys and project evaluations

Outputs

Output indicators

1a) 180 rural villagers in 6 communes in Hà Tĩnh Province receive training in beekeeping 1b) Additional members of villages have opportunities to improve their beekeeping skills. _______________________________ 2a) Villagers gain direct understanding of their community, its resources, their place in it. 2b) VBRDC modifies its programs in response to villager feedback during surveys, training visits, and follow-up visits.

1a) Record individuals participating in beekeeping training. 1b) Establish local bee clubs; record individuals attending bee club meetings and participating in follow-up visit hive inspections ____________________________________ 2a) PRAs, asset maps, transects, etc. conducted in all six communes—at beginning and end of the project 2b) Annual reports, midterm evaluation, final project evaluation (in villages and with VBRDC staff)

iib) Evaluations from villagers obtained through Partic. Monitoring & Evaluation feed-back and midterm evaluation

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Assumptions/ level of risk

1) Success of beekeeping training: Risk level: Low to moderate Assumptions: a) Hà Tĩnh villagers are interested in beekeeping; b) Low level of education of villagers will not interfere with success in bee hive management. c) 70% of trainees become successful beekeepers/15% make more than $200/yr is a robust goal with moderate risk; 50% success with 10% making >$200/yr is a modest goal with low risk. d) Villagers and local government officials will accept participatory techniques. 2) Glut of honey will affect honey sales and success of beekeeping project Risk level: Low Assumptions: a) There is high local demand for forest honey; b) If honey production exceeds local demand, then regional and international marketing will keep price of honey high.

Narrative summary

Expected results

Performance measurement

Goal 3

Impacts

Impact indicators

The value of bees as pollinators (and beekeeping) in mixed rural agriculture is recognized in Vietnam and SE Asia

1) Improved livelihoods of rural farmers as a result of increased yields of bee-pollinated fruits and vegetables (e.g., longans, coffee, squash, rambutans);

1a) Document an increase in numbers of beekeepers and bee hives in Vietnam; 1b) Quantify yields of bee-pollinated fruits and vegetables, either over time in areas where beekeeping is introduced or compared between sites with and without beekeeping; 2) Compare info available from government agencies at start and end of project

2) Government agencies in Asia promote beekeeping in part because of the importance of honey bees as pollinators.

Purposes

Outcomes

Outcome indicators

To quantify increases in crop yields resulting from honey bee pollination in rural Vietnam, and to disseminate those results widely

i) Enhanced awareness of MARD/ NAEC extension agents, other government agencies (Environment), and others, with respect to: ○ crop pollination and crop yields; ○ role of honey bees (and other bees) as pollinators; ○ ecological role of bees (in agroand natural ecosystems)

ia) Assessment of knowledge of Hà Tĩnh villagers about bees and pollinations (as measured in surveys conducted at the start and end of the beekeeping training [Goal 2]) ib) Pollination research results converted to fact sheet distributed to agencies in Vietnam (MARD, etc.) and elsewhere in SE Asia. ic) Publication of summary of importance of honey bees in Asian agroecosystsems; publication distributed widely in Asia. iia) Assessment of villager activities in forested areas (e.g. Vũ Quang NP) through participatory surveys iib) completion of conservation component of beekeeper training (Goal 2)

ii) Hà Tĩnh villagers increase protection of natural forest areas

Outputs

Output indicators

1) Hà Tĩnh villagers develop enhanced understanding of the importance of pollination by bees. 2) Vũ Quang villagers realize increased crop yields resulting from honey bee pollination.

1) PhD thesis completed; thesis contains results of pollination research; 2) Participatory Action Research conducted with Vũ Quang villagers, to demonstrate increases in yields resulting from pollination; 3) Presentation of research results at Asian Apicultural Association conference; 53

Assumptions/level of risk

1) Demonstration of role of pollination by honey beesI Risk Level: Low to moderate Assumptions: a) VBRDC staff will conduct both controlled scientific research and PAR on bee pollination; b) Hà Tĩnh villagers will allow research on crops they grow; c) Enough bee-pollinated crops are grown that research can be conducted. d) Sufficient linkage can be made between bee colony health, floral resources, and forest integrity for forest conservation message to be understood by villagers.

Narrative summary

Expected results

Performance measurement

Assumptions/level of risk

Goal 4

Impacts

Impact indicators

Enhance awareness and achievement of gender equity in Vietnam

Greater gender equity realized among Vietnamese farmers and extension staff at all levels

Disparity from equality in participation of men and women in all activities and at all levels (beyond the life of this project)

1. Gender equality will be achieved in all project activities Risk Level: moderate

Purposes To increase awareness and realization of gender equity issues in target groups

Outcomes Greater gender equity realized among: (1) farmers in Hà Tĩnh Province and (2) MARD, university, and Asian extension staff, as a result of project activities (e.g. participatory activities in villages, extension training programs, and beekeeping training) Outputs

Outcome indicators Compare info obtained in initial assessment and final evaluation surveys; Unstructured observations of male and female participants in all activities.

High proportion of women (goal 50%, minimum 30%) participate in: (a) BRDC extension training, (b) training of other extension personnel, and (c) beekeeping training programs

Number of males and females involved in every project activity: ○ Villagers participating in beekeeper training ○ VBRDC staff attending training programs ○ Workshop participation by * educators at Vietnamese universities; * NAEC extension agents; * Asian apicultural extension personnel. Information obtained from sex-disaggregated sociograms, interviews, and direct observation by CDN or VN staff

a) Gender equity is a stated goal in Vietnam’s CPRGS; b) A male-bias exists in most of the groups targeted for training (e.g., there is a male bias in agricultural and apicultural extension agents); it will constrain our ability to achieve gender equity. c) If male gender bias is taken into account, then adjusted % of male and female participants will approach equity.

Output indicators

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                                                                             Beekeeping Development and Extension in Vietnam   

  Appendix  2   Survey Questionnaire                      

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PARTICIPANTS HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE 2012 Purpose: To understand the current agricultural activities, practices and income generating activities of participants’ households. Code number: ………. (assigned) Date: …………………………………. A. HOUSEHOLD TRAINEE INFORMATION 1. Interview number Assigned …………………… 2. Gender: 3. Age: ………. 4. Education: Highest Grade: ……….. 5. Is your household classified as a poor household: 6. Size of Total Land (agricultural, garden, house) ……………………..m2 7. Do you currently hold a position (chairperson, secretary, treasurer) in a Village or commune organization?

8. Total number living in household: ……… 9. Adults: Age

Education (6/10 or 6/12)

1 2 3 4 5 10. Children: Age

Education (6/10 or 6/12)

1 2 3 4 5

11. Village/Hamlet name: …………….……..

Commune: …………………

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B. HOUSE CONSTRUCTION Walls

Floors

Roof

Bamboo & Thatch 12. Electricity: 13. Potable water: 14. Sanitation: 15. Others Major household appliances

Household Transportation

16. In the last five years has your quality of life 1. Stayed about the same?

Why?

………………………………………..…….……………………………………………… 2. Improved significantly? Why? …………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Declined significantly? Why? ………………………………………..…………………………………………………… 17. How many formal/official/community/ commune/national organizations do you belong to now: #______ 18. How many have you belonged to in the past? # ________ 19. # of training/workshops previously attended#______

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D. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PLEASE MARK THOSE CROPS YOU GREW (MARK CROPS YOU GROW WITH AN “X”) THIS YEAR

Crop 1.Paddy rice 2.Local maize 3.Hybrid maize 4.Potato 5. Cassava 6. Beans

7. Vegetables 8. Tea 9. Cashews 10. Pepper 11. Fruit Trees 12. Other

A:Total income from agriculture .………………… B: Total expenses for agriculture .………………… C Surplus: A minus B …………………………………. Closest market to sell agricultural products _______km Any surplus that I have I sell:

E. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY (TOTAL ANIMALS IN EACH CATEGORY) THIS YEAR

Type of domestic animal 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Total (number)

Water buffalo Ox Pig Horse Goat Ducks and Chickens Deer Other………………..

A: Total income Animal husbandry …………………. B: Total expenses for animal husbandry ……………….. C: Surplus: A minus B ……………….. Closest market to sell animals __________km Any surplus that I have I sell:

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F. OTHER ECONOMIC ACTIVITY THIS YEAR (MARK WITH “X”)

Types of activity 1.Fish Raising

6. Money from relatives

2.Shrimp Raising

7. Wood collecting

3. Forest protection

8. Selling goods in markets

4. Planted forest

9. Pension (retired person)

5. Sell labour near home

10.Other _______________

A: Total income Other Economic Activity ………………… B: Total expenses other economic activity ………………… C: Surplus : A minus B …………………

Closest market to sell other income sources ______km

Any agricultural surplus that I have I sell:

G. BEEKEEPING ACTIVITY THIS YEAR

Number of bee hives you owned at the end of the year – December 2011

#

Number of bee hives you own now – April 2012

#

1. Log hives 2. Top bar hives 3. Modern Hives

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Beekeeping Products Produced Bottles

Honey

Kilograms Price per unit

Total honey produced from bee hives (bottles or kgs) Total honey obtained by honey hunting (bottles or kgs) Total honey sold (bottles or kgs and price per bottle or kg) Total honey given away (bottles or kgs) Beeswax

Kilograms

Price per kg.

Units

Price per unit

Total beeswax collected (number of kg) Beeswax sold (number of kg) Beeswax exchanged for wax foundation (number of kg) Other Beekeeping Products Number of bee hives sold and price per hive Number of bee frames sold and price per frame Number of bee hives given away Mated queens sold and price per queen Mated queens given away Queen cells sold and price per queen cell Number of queen cells given away Other bee product sold (number and price per unit) Product 1: Product 2: A: Total Income Beekeeping B: Total Beekeeping Expenses: (Sugar, wood, wire, etc) C: Surplus: A minus B Where I sell surplus honey: Inside my commune Outside my commune I sell surplus honey to: To individual consumers To shops To traders At a market located how far from my house (km.)

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H. POLLINATION IMPACTS For the questions below, please mark an “X” in the column that best describes your personal situation.

Which of the following crops do you grow? (X)

Since you received training in beekeeping, how have the yields of each of the crops that you grow changed? Much Worse

Little Worse

No Change

Little Better

Much Better

Oranges Tangerines Pomelos Eggplants Green Beans Peanuts Squash, pumpkin Rice Longans Starfruits Lemons Custard Apple Bananas Jackfruit Plum Sesame Persimmon Papaya Watermelon Cucumber Lychee Guava Soya bean Lotus Corn Other crops? (Name them)

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Code No. ________________ Diffusion Questionnaire 1.

Were you involved in beekeeping before the Project?

2.

Where did you FIRST hear about the Bee keeping Project? CHECK ONLY ONE. 1. 2.1 Radio, TV, newspaper

3.

4.

3.

4.2

Neighbours, relatives

5.

6.3

Local commune officials

7.

8.4

Extension agents from Bee Research & Development Center

9.

10. 5

Extension agents from district or commune

No ___

Before you decided to participate in the project, did you consult anyone,? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY. 1. NO 2.

Yes, I consulted commune leaders

3.

Yes, I consulted BRDC extension agents

4.

Yes, I consulted district or commune extensions agents

5.

Yes, I consulted other beekeepers such as Bee Keeping Club

6.

Yes, I consulted my family

If you answer yes to No. 3, was this talk important in your decision ? 1. No effect – I already made up my mind 2.

5.

Yes __

Very important – it helped me make my decision

In order to practice modern beekeeping did you have to make major changes in any of the activities listed below? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY. 1 Farming 2

Animal husbandry (pigs, chickens, cows, deer, etc)

3

Fish or shrimp raising

4

Forest planting

5

Forest harvesting

6

Sell labour

7

Marketing of goods

8

Non-economic household activities such as washing clothes, cooking, preparing children for school

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6.

If you checked any in the above list, what was/were the change (s)? 1. We had to abandon these other income generating activities 2.

The distribution of labour – who does what task - changed

3.

We had to change scheduling of tasks, for example when to wash clothes, when or how many times to go the market

4.

Decision making responsibilities changed – who made what decisions

7.

Do you get any benefits from beekeeping? Yes ____

8.

If yes, what benefits? PICK TOP THREE. 1. 2.1 Financial – improved income

9.

3.

4.2

Higher respect in the community, or among relatives

5.

6.3

It saves time and/or improves family relationships

7.

8.4

Improved health

9.

10. 5

Maintaining cultural tradition

No _____

When you FIRST started practising modern beekeeping did you encounter any problems? Yes ____ No ____

10. If yes, what were the problems? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY. 1. Lack of money to buy sugar to feed bees 2.

Not knowing how to build good beehives

3.

Not knowing how to split beehives

4.

Not knowing how to fight wasps, ants

5.

Lack of wax foundation

6.

Not knowing how to control bee diseases

7.

Colony absconding

11. Were the problems solved?

Yes ___

No ____

12. If yes, who/what helped you solve the problem(s). CHECK ALL THAT APPLY. 1. BRDC extension agents 2.

District or commune extension agents

3.

Other beekeepers (Bee keeping Club)

4.

Beekeeping manual

5.

BRDC DVD

6.

Beekeeping TV program

7.

Visit to other beekeeping communes

8.

I solved the problem myself

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13. What is NOW your most serious problem with beekeeping? CHECK ONLY ONE. 1. Lack of time to attend to beehives 2.

Lack of money to maintain or increase production

3.

Lack of timely technical assistance to solve problems

4.

Other – please explain

14. Now, when you have technical problems, what do you do? 1. Telephone the district or commune extension agent 2.

Telephone the BRDC extension agent

3.

Wait for the next visit of extension agent

4.

Talk to other beekeepers (Beekeeping Club)

5.

Consult the Beekeeping Manual

6.

Solve the problem on my own

15. When you contact extension agents when do you normally get a response? 1. Less than 1 week 2.

One to four weeks

3.

One to six months

4.

Never

16. You received two beehives during the basic training. Have you tried to add new beehives? Yes ____ No____ 17. If yes, when? 1 Within 6 months after the basic training 2

Within 6 months after the advanced training

3

Within 1 year after the basic training

4

Within 1 year after the advanced training

18. If you tried to add new beehives but failed to expand, what was the primary reason? CHECK ONLY ONE. 1. 2.1 Lack of time 3.

4.2

Lack of financial resources to maintain or expand production

5.

6.3

Lack of technical assistance to solve problems

7.

8.4

Lack of interest

.

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19. Have you tried to teach beekeeping to others? Yes ___

No ____

20. If yes, to whom? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY 1. My spouse

21.

2.

My children

3.

My relatives

4.

My friends, neighbours

If yes, to how many households in total have you taught beekeeping? ______________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

(Filename: beekeeping-questionnaire-2012-20-Mar-2012.doc

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