Mar 31, 1976 - A complete list of the reports and papers written under ... E. Application to Physics Journals. PAGE ... Sample of Grouped Corporate Lists.
EVALUATIVE BIBLIOMETRICS: THE USE OF PUBLICATION AND CITATION ANALYSIS IN T H E EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY
Prepared by Francis Narin and the staff o f COMPUTER HORIZONS, INC. 1050 Kings Highway North Cherry H i l l , New Jersey 08034 Phone 609/779-0911
In Fulfillment o f Contract NSF C-627 with the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 1800 G Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20550
Computer Horizons, Inc. Project No. 704R March 3 1 , 1976
Cover Design Adapted from Cancer Referencing in the Biomedical Literature
FOREWORD
T h i s m o n o g r a p h i s t h e l a s t r e p o r t u n d e r C o n t r a c t NSF-C627, between t h e N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e Foundation and Computer Horizons, This report should acquaint I n c . o f C h e r r y H i l l , New J e r s e y . t h e r e a d e r w i t h t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f e v a l u a t i v e b i b l i o m e t r i c s as a tool for research assessment. I t s h o u l d a l s o s e r v e as a r e f erence source for current evaluative applications. A t t h e o u t s e t of t h e p r o j e c t i n July of 1970, t h e c o n t r a c t o b j e c t i v e was t o e x p l o r e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f g e n e r a t i n g i m p o r t a n c e a n d u t i l i z a t i o n m e a s u r e s by c i t a t i o n i n d e x i n g o f 2 5 0 j o u r n a l s i n the physical sciences. In the ensuing 5 y e a r s t h i s b a s i c comp o n e n t o f t h e work h a s e v o l v e d i n t o a r i g o r o u s p r o c e d u r e f o r t h e c a l c u l a t i o n of c i t a t i o n influence covering nearly 2,000 journals, 9 major f i e l d s and 100 s u b f i e l d s o f s c i e n c e . The i n f l u e n c e d a t a and p r o c e d u r e s comprise C h a p t e r s V I I through X of t h i s r e p o r t .
In addition t o providing citation influence data, t h i s monograph a l s o summarizes t h e g e n e r a l s t a t e - o f - t h e - a r t o f p u b l i cation- and- citation- based evaluation. T h i s summary, c o n t a i n e d i n Chapters I through V I , covers the applied t a s k s of general i n t e r e s t u n d e r C o n t r a c t NSF-C627, a s w e l l a s t h e p r e d e c e s s o r a n d r e l a t e d work o f o t h e r s c i e n t i s t s . The p u b l i c a t i o n and c i t a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s w i l l b e shown t o b e e f f e c t i v e e v a l u a t i v e t o o l s , i n general accord with i n t u i t i v e expectations. A t many p o i n t s i n t h e t e x t w h e r e t h e w o r k o f o t h e r s c i e n tists i s mentioned, a t a b l e o r f i g u r e has been included t o acq u a i n t t h e reader with t h e b a s i c works i n t h e f i e l d . These t a b l e s and f i g u r e s have been i n s e r t e d s o t h a t r e a d e r s w i l l n o t have t o r e f e r back t o t h e o r i g i n a l p a p e r s , which a r e s c a t t e r e d o v e r many y e a r s a n d a w i d e v a r i e t y o f d i s c i p l i n a r y l i t e r a t u r e s .
Normally, t h e r e s u l t s o f p u b l i c a t i o n and c i t a t i o n a n a l y s i s are clearly evident. I n s t i t u t i o n s and c o u n t r i e s and o t h e r agg r e g a t e s o f s c i e n t i s t s d i f f e r from o n e a n o t h e r by f a c t o r s o f two o r m o r e i n p u b l i c a t i o n s i z e , i n c i t a t i o n r a t e s , i n s u b j e c t emphasis o r i n o t h e r publication o r c i t a t i o n based measures. Bibliometric indicators usually correlate highly with the intuitive notions of knowledgeable s c i e n t i s t s . Through t h e p e r u s a l o f t h i s monograph it i s hoped t h a t t h e reader w i l l gain s u b s t a n t i a l i n s i g h t i n t o t h e techniques used i n e v a l u a t i v e b i b l i o m e t r i c s , i n t o t h e power and l i m i t a t i o n s o f t h e s e t e c h n i q u e s , a n d i n t o how t h e y may b e a p p l i e d t o t h e a s s e s s m e n t of s c i e n t i f i c activities.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Much o f t h e w o r k r e p o r t e d i n t h i s m o n o g r a p h h a s b e e n p e r f;rnid b y t h e s t a f f o f C o m p u t e r H o r i z o n s , I n c . o v e r t h e l a s t 5 :.cars. C e r t a i n c o n t r i b u t i o n s are w e l l enough d e f i n e d t o b e r e c , ,-.n i z e d i n d i v i d u a l l y . q
The e i g e n v a l u e f o r m u l a t i o n o f j o u r n a l i n f l u e n c e , i t s i m ~ i . ? m e n t a t i o n ,c o m p u t a t i o n , a n d m a p p i n g a r e l a r g e l y t h e w o r k o f 3:. G a b r i e l P i n s k i , Research Advisor a t Computer Horizons, I n c . Much o f t h e w o r k i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l a r e a h a s b e e n d o n e P. C a r p e n t e r , S t a f f A n a l y s t a t Computer Horizons, I n c . ?!r. C a r p e n t e r a l s o d e v e l o p e d t h e c l u s t e r a n a l y s i s t e c h n i q u e s .
- . - !.lark L,
The s t a t i s t i c a l r e l i a b i l i t y f o r m u l a t i o n i n C h a p t e r I X i s R i c h a r d C. Anderson, S e n i o r A n a l y s t a t Computer Zorizons, Inc. t h e work of
D a n i e l G a r s i d e a n d Mark P . C a r p e n t e r made s u b s t a n t i a l z o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e development of t h e two- step and h i e r a r c h i c naps, and t o o t h e r techniques developed i n t h e e a r l y s t a g e s of t h i s contract. J . D a v i d s o n Frame, S t a f f A n a l y s t a n d S.B. K e i t h , A s s o c i a t e A n a l y s t performed t h e a n a l y t i c a l and c o m p u t a t i o n a l t a s k s related to t h e biomedical publication section of Chapter V I .
S p e c i f i c t h a n k s a r e d u e t o D r . B o d o B a r t o c h a , now D i r e c t o r , Division o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l Programs, National Science Foundation, who w a s i n s t r u m e n t a l i n t h e i n i t i a t i o n o f t h i s c o n t r a c t . S p e c i a l t h a n k s a r e a l s o due t o Messrs. Emanuel Haynes and H a r r y P i c a r r i e l l o a t t h e N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e F o u n d a t i o n , who h a v e b e e n NSF p r o j e c t o f f i c e r s f o r t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e c o n t r a c t . I n a related study f o r the National I n s t i t u t e s of Health ( C o n t r a c t N01-OD-3-21091, Computer Horizons h a s been a n a l y z i n g the r e l a t i o n s h i p between biomedical funding and t h e p u b l i c a t i o n s of major N I H g r a n t e e o r g a n i z a t i o n s . The b i o m e d i c a l j o u r n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n and i n f l u e n c e c o m p u t a t i o n s , which are i n c l u d e d D r . Helen i n t h i s r e p o r t , were performed under t h a t contract. H . Gee i s t h e N I H p r o j e c t o f f i c e r . F i n a l l y , t h a n k s are due t o D r . J o y K. Moll, S t a f f A n a l y s t a t C o m p u t e r H o r i z o n s , I n c . f o r a s s i s t a n c e i n e d i t i n g t h i s monograph and t o Eleanor S. Davis f o r its typing and preparation. A complete list o f t h e r e p o r t s and papers w r i t t e n under C o n t r a c t NSF-C627 i s c o n t a i n e d i n C h a p t e r X I .
Francis Narin P r e s i d e n t , Computer H o r i z o n s , I n c . P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r , C o n t r a c t NSF-C627
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
PAGE INTRODUCTION
11.
111.
IV.
v.
A.
An Overview of Publication and Citation Analysis
B.
Structure o f the Monograph
1
SIZE OF T H E SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE
STRUCTURE OF THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY
CORRELATIONS WITH NON-LITERATURE MEASURES A.
Introduction
B.
General Comments o n the Twentyfour Studies
C.
Descriptions of Individual Studies Comparing Bibliometric and Nonbibliometric Measures 1. 2. 3.
Studies Using Correlation Measures Studies Usinq Other Quantitative Measures Studies Using Qualitative Measures
.
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS A.
Basics of Publication and Citation Analysis 1. 2. 3.
4.
Type of Publication Time Spans Comprehensiveness of Source Coverage Multiple Authorships and Affiliations
T A B L E OF CONTENTS (Continued)
CHAPTER VI.
5. 6. 7. 8.
B.
C o m p l e t e n e s s o f Available Data S u p p o r t Acknowledgements Subject Classification Citation Counts
A n Example o f a n Evaluative Bibliometric A n a l y s i s Selection of Institutions Collecting D a t a o n NIH G r a n t s Use of R&D Price D e f l a t o r Concentration o f Funding Non-NIH Funding D a t a Base for P u b l i c a t i o n s Use o f F i x e d J o u r n a l S e t D a t a Processing Publication D a t a P r o b l e m s NIH F u n d s vs. Publication Output: A Cross-Sectional V i e w
C.
T h e Science Citation Index as a Publication and Citation D a t a Base
D.
Use o f the Science -C i t a t i o n Index 1. 2.
3.
4.
C o r p o r a t e Index f o r I n s t i t u t i o n a l P u b l i c a t i o n Analysis Source-I n d e x for Individual P u b l i c a t i o n Analysis C i t a t i o n Index for Citation Analysis Special Problems in Citation Analysis o n an Individual Author Basis a. b. c. d. e. f.
E.
Multiple Authorship Self-citations T h e Homonym P r o b l e m Field Variations in Citations S h o r t 'l'r?rmF l ~ ~ c t u a t i o n s C r o n y i s m : A Possible F u t u r e Problem
Major Data Bases
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
PAGE
CHAPTER VI. F.
Field Dependent Characteristics o f the Scientific Literature 1. 2. 3.
VII.
References and Citations Time Distributions and Growth Rates Concentration
THE INFLUENCE METHODOLOGY A.
Introduction
B.
Development of the Weighting Scheme 1. 2.
C.
The Citation Matrix Influence Weights
The Classification Scheme 1.
2. 3.
Overview o f the Classification Problem Major Fields Biomedical Classification a. b.
4. 5.
Classification into Subject/Specialty Areas Classification into Research Levels
Linking Areas Multidisciplinary Journals
D.
Hierarchies of Journals
E.
Application t o Physics Journals
T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S (Continued)
T,'III.
INFLUENCE M A P S
A.
Non-Biomedical Maps 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
B.
Influence M a p s for Biomedicine 1. 2.
IX
.
F i e l d Weighting and t h e Biomedical Structure Map Influence Maps f o r Individual Biomedical F i e l d s
RELIABILITY A.
Introduction
B.
Comparisons of Sets o f Papers from T w o J o u r n a l s 1.
X.
Biology Chemistry Earth & S p a c e Science Mathematics Psychology Engineering and Technology
S t a t i s t i c a l Parameters
C.
Comparison o f the P u b l i c a t i o n s o f Institutions
D.
C i t a t i o n s to Institutions
APPLICATION T O UNIVERSITY RANKING A.
Introduction
B.
P u b l i c a t i o n D a t a Base
C.
Correlations between P u b l i c a t i o n C o u n t s and Roose-Andersen Rankings
D.
F u r t h e r Correlation Analysis
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
PAGE REFERENCES
320
A.
Biblioqraphy
B.
Computer
320
Horizons
Reports and
A r t i c l e s Generated Under National Science C o n t r a c t C627 C.
Foundation
Related Reports and A r t i c l e : National Institutes of Health C o n t r a c t N01-OD-3-2109
GLOSSARY APPENDIX
APPENDIX
I
-
JOURNAL L I S T S , BY F I E L D A N D S U B F I E L D , WITH INFLUENCE MEASURES A- I.
Data Sources
A-11.
Computational Considerations
A-111.
Influence Measures Major F i e l d s
A-IV.
Influence Subfields
A-V.
Influence ,Tournals
A- VI.
Journal
I1 - I S 1
JOURNAL TITLES
Measures
Measures
for
for
the
the
for
Coverage
AEIBREVIATIONS A N D FULL
v i i i
L I S T O F FIGURES
FIGURE
2-1
Important P a p e r s o n t h e S i z e of t h e Scientific Literature
2-2
Comparative Anatomy Publication Between 1 5 4 0 and 1 8 6 0
2-3
Number of Abstracts Published Each Year i n P h y s i c s Abstracts
2- 4
Bradford P l o t of Health Services Articles Distribution
2-5
N u m b e r o f J o u r n a l s Founded as a Function of Date
2- 6
C u r r e n t Composition o f the W o r l d ' s Technical J o u r n a l Literature National Scientific S i z e vs. National Economic S i z e I m p o r t a n t P a p e r s o n the Structure o f the Scientific Literature T h r e e Dimensional Representation o f Intercorrelations o f Psychology Journals Bibliographic C o u p l i n g and C o C i t a t i o n Strength C o - C i t a t i o n Network for ,Frequently C i t e d P a p e r s in Particle P h y s i c s T w o - S t e p Model for 6 2 C h e m i s t r y J o u r n a l s in 1969 Hierarchy for 6 2 Chemistry J o u r n a l s in 1969 T w o - S t e p Cross-Field Model - 1969 Hierarchical Clustering o f the Configuration o f Business and Economics Journals
L I S T O F FIGURES (Continued)
FIGURE
PAGE
Important Papers o n Scientific Productivity Publication Frequency for Authors Age Versus Contributions t o Chemistry Comparative Distribution of Logarithm of "Weighted" Rate of Publication Correlation of Number of Citations with Number of Publications Percentages of Papers Cited Various Numbers of Times Publication Indices from Cartter Report (1966) Correlations in Sociology Staqes o f Publication and Citation Analysis Lorenz Curve Lorenz Curve for NIH Funding to 2 2 6 Recipient Institutions in 1972 Sample of Grouped Corporate Lists Publication Output vs. NIH Funds for 133 Universities Two-Step Referencing Map of the AlcoholiSm Research Literature P a r t of Harvard University Listinqs in 1973 Corporate -.- - Index SCI Source Index --- Structure
L I S T OF FIGURES (Continued)
FIGURE
PAGE
SCI C itation
-
Reference
Index Structure
Time D i s t r i b u t i o n
f o r 1973
Concentration of Publications J o u r n a l s f o r Major F i e l d s
i n
I n f l u e n c e Map f o r A c o u s t i c s J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r O p t i c s J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r F l u i d s Journals
&
Plasma
I n f l u e n c e Map f o r G e n e r a l , S o l i d S t a t e and Nuclear Physics J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r C h e m i c a l Physics Journals
and Applied
I n f l u e n c e Map f o r Z o o l o g y J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r E n t o m o l o g y
Journals
I n f l u e n c e Map f o r B o t a n y J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r F o o d a n d A g r i c u l t u r e and Dairy and Animal S c i e n c e J o u r n a l s Influence
Map f o r E c o l o g y J o u r n a l s
I n f l u e n c e Map f o r M a r i n e B i o l o g y a n d Oceanography J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r G e n e r a l C h e m i s t r y Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r O r g a n i c C h e m i s t r y Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r I n o r g a n i c a n d N u c l e a r Chemistry Journals
L I S T OF FIGURES (Continued) FIGURE
PAGE
I n f l u e n c e Map f o r A n a l y t i c a l Chemistry Journals I n f l u e n c e Map Journals
f o r Physical Chemistry
I n f l u e n c e Map f o r A p p l i e d a n d P o l y m e r Chemistry Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r A s t r o n o m y a n d Astrophysics Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r G e o s c i e n c e J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r G e n e r a l , A p p l i e d and Miscellaneous Mathematics Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r P r o b a b i l i t y a n d Statistics Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r P s y c h o l o g y J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r E l e c t r i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g and Computer S c i e n c e J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g and Aerospace Technology J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r N u c l e a r T e c h n o l o g y Journals I n f l u e n c e Map Journals
f o r Chemical Engineering
I n f l u e n c e Map f o r M e t a l s a n d M e t a l l u r g y Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r M a t e r i a l s S c i e n c e Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r O p e r a t i o n s R e s e a r c h , Library and Information Science J o u r n a l s
x i i
L I S T O F FIGURES (Continued)
FIGURE
PAGE
Intluence Structure for Biomedical L i t e r a t u r e
the
I n f l u e n c e Map f o r A l l e r g y a n d Immunology J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r A n e s t h e s i o l o g y Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r A r t h r i t i s / Rheumatism J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r C a n c e r J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r C a r d i o v a s c u l a r System J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r D e n t i s t r y J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r D e r m a t o l o g y / Venereal Diseases Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r E n d o c r i n o l o g y Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r G e n e t i c s J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r G e r i a t r i c s / Gerontology Journals I n f l u e n c e Map f o r
Hematology J o u r n a l s
I n f l u e n c e Map f o r O b s t e t r i c s / Gynecology and F e r t i l i t y J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r O t o r h i n o l a r y n g o l o g y and Ophthalmology J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r P a t h o l o g y J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r P e d i a t r i c s J o u r n a l s I n f l u e n c e Map f o r R a d i o l o g y a n d Nuclear Medicine J o u r n a l s
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) FIGURE
PAGE
Influence Map for Respiratory System Journals Influence Map for Veterinary Journals Influence Map for Biochemistry/Molecular Biology/Biophysics/Physiology Journals Influence Map for Cell B i o l o g y / ~ n a t o m y / E m b r y o l o y y / ~ i c r o s c o p y Journals Influence Map for Environmental and Public Health/Tropical Medicine and Parasitology Journals Influence Map for Gastroenterology Journals Influence Map for General and Internal MedicinejClinical Science Journals Influence Map for Neurological System Journals Influence Map for Nutrition and Dietetics Journals Influence Map for Orthopedics/Surgery/ Urology Journals Influence Map for Pharmacology and Pharmacy Journals Influence Map for Psychiatry Journals Influence Map for Virology and Microbiology Journals Distribution of 8 0 8 3 Citations from 1973 Papers to 3247 Papers Published in Phys Kev in 1970 Mean Influence/Publication
xiv
L I S T OF FIGURES (Continued)
Distribution of C i t e d N Times
Citations
1973 t o 1970 Influence vs. Influence
t~ P a p e r s
Lifetime
90% Confidence Curves f o r Determining Sample S i z e Confidence Levels f o r a Fixed Influence/ Publication = 20.0 C i t a t i o n s from 1973 t o t h e 1970 Publicat i o n s o f Groups o f U n i v e r s i t i e s S p e a r m a n R a n k C o r r e l a t i o n f o r Publication a n d I n f l u e n c e W e i g h t e d P u b l i c a t i o n Rank v s . Roose- Andersen Rank
L I S T OF TABLES
TAELE
PAGE
2 -1
J o u r n a l by Country Counts, 1901- 1913
2- 2
National Share of Journal A b s t r a c t s i n C h e m i c a l Abstracts .-
2- 3
T o t a l Number o f C u r r e n t S c i e n t i f i c and T e c h n i c a l S e r i a l s P u b l i s h e d as of 1961 NLL S e r i a l s o n O r d e r , 1965
December
Comparison o f P u b l i c a t i o n and A b s t r a c t Counts f o r 1972 C i t a t i o n t o P u b l i c a t i o n Measure f o r C i t a t i o n t o t h e U.S. C i t a t i o n t o P u b l i c a t i o n Measure Within Each Country C i t a t i o n t o P u b l i c a t i o n Measure from O u t s i d e Each Country Pairs of Couuled
P a p e r s Most S t r o n g l y
S i x Large Journals w i t h Impact Factors Greater than Five Twenty J o u r n a l s w i t h H i g h e s t Impact Factors Clusters Journals
for a Set of
81 Physics
Classification of References i n 3 0 ~ r t i c l e si n P h ysi ca l Review, P u b l i s h e d on T h e o r e t i c a l High Energy Physics from 1968 t o 1972, I n c l u s i v e
A
Papers Comparing B i b l i o m e t r i c Non- Bibliometric Measures
and
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
TABLE
Predictors o f Academic Rank Department Quality by Citation Count: 1957-1958 Biochemistry Doctorates Comparison o f Peer and Citation Ranking o f Economics Journals Intercorrelations of Indices of Eminence Scientific Output and Recognition Correlations between the Cartter Ratings and Publication Counts for 20 Journals Correlations between the RooseAndersen Ratings and Publication Counts for 20 Journals Distribution o f 125 Sampled Departments by Kated Quality o f Graduate Faculty (Sample Size Greater than Five) Factor Analysis o f Department Quality Indicators Product-Moment Correlations Among Selected Characteristics of 125 Departments in Biology, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry (Sample Size Greater than Five) Publication Frequency for ARS Scientists Correlation between Merit and Publication Indices for ARS Scientists
L I S T O F TABLES (Continued)
TABLE
PAGE
Publication
Weights
f o r Sociology
111
Quality of Scientific Articles ,. Rate of Citation
113
A l t e r n a t i v e Methods o f P a p e r s f o r 1967- 1968
115
Association between C i t a t i o n Frequency, between Judges
R a t i n g JATP
Judge Ratings, and Agreement
Agency S u p p o r t Acknowledgements i n 20 L e a d i n g J o u r n a l s f r o m 5 M a j o r F i e l d s - 1969 and 1972 Changes
in
N I H Funding
Concentration
Total Biomedical Research Funding by F e d e r a l and P r i v a t e Agencies t o 229 I n s t i t u t i o n s S c i e n c - e C i t a- t i o n I n d e x 1 9 6 1 - 1 9 7 4 C o m p a r a t i v e S t a t i s t i c a l Summary So cial S .c-i .e. n c-e C i t a t i o n Index -. 1972- 1974 Comparative S t a t i s t i c a l S u m -n a r y M a j o r F i e l d C o v e r a g e b y SCI
i n 1973
C o u n t r y B r e a k d o w n o f 1 9 7 2 Publications o n 1 9 7 3 SCT - -- C -o r p o r a t e Tape C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f Major Abstractinq and Indexing Services P u b l i c a t i o n Type T a b u l a t i o n 1 9 7 3 C- o r.-p .o-- r --a t e- I n d e x
from
F i e l d and Subfield Publication Reference Counts
and
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
TABLE
Reference Time Distributions for Major Fields Immediacy of Referencing for Major Fields Fifty Largest, and Fifty Most Influential, Physics Journals List of Subfields Cross Citing Between 3 Key Journals Referencing Rank Order Among Prototype Journals in 1973 Referencing from Prototype Journals in 1973 Cross Citing Between 3 Multidisciplinary Journals Influence Measures for 3 Multidisciplinary Journals Influence Measures for Physics Journals Influence Measures fop 16 Selected Journals Variance Data for 16 Journals X 2 Test Showing 1973 t o 1970 Influence Measures to be 1:10 of Total ~ i f e t i m e Influence Measures Aggregation of Physics Departments 1973 Citations t o 1970 Physical Review Publication for Groups o f Universities Group Pairs with Significantly Different Citation/Publication Means--Physical Review
xix
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
TABLE
9-7
PAGE
1973 Citations t o the 1 9 7 0 Journal of the American Chemical Society of Groups o f Universities University Group Pairs with Significantly Different Citation/Publication Means--Journal of t h e American Chemical Society Publication D a t a Base Spearman Rank Correlations Between Publication Rankings and RooseAndersen Rankings Cross Field Correlations for RooseAndersen Score Cross Field Correlations for Total Number of Publications Cross Field Correlation for Influence per Publication
APPENDIX I LIST OF TABLES TABLE
PAGE
A-1
Influence Measu.res for the Major Fields
A-2
Influence Measures for the Subfields
A- 3
Journal Assignments & Influence Measures (1973 Data)