Event Marketing and Experiential Marketing towards ...

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Formation of Net MarNeting Contribution Margin (NMCM). (Study at PT. Garuda ..... Net Profit (before taxes) = Net Marketing Contribution - Operating Expenses ...
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ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016) 431 – 439

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