Fiberglass for Fenestration

Fiberglass for Fenestration

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Thank you!

Copyright Materials This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. © AAMA Fiberglass Material Council 2008

Learning Objectives • What is fiberglass • Performance characteristics of fiberglass • Pultrusion process • Manufacturing process and industry standards • Case studies of fiberglass window applications

What is AAMA? • A collection of scientific, business, engineering, production, sales and marketing people whose primary goal is to promote quality, confidence, and knowledge throughout the fenestration industry by representing window, door, skylight, curtain wall and storefront manufacturers and their suppliers • AAMA is a voluntary organization

AAMA’S Major Role • To develop standards and specifications for guidance of architects, builders and industry professionals • To influence code bodies for inclusion of key codes to better the industry and the marketplace • To develop buyer confidence in the quality, performance and reliability of the industry’s certified products.

What is FMC? Mission: To act as an information provider and promoter of fiberglass in the fenestration and related building products industry and provider of technical, regulatory, legislative, marketing and certification support to ensure that the appropriate standards are established, maintained and communicated for the benefit of the users and suppliers of fiberglass pultrusions and products.

Applications of Fiberglass Sustainable products for the world

From automotive to household fixtures

Applications of Fiberglass • Automotive...car bodies, such as the Chevrolet Corvette • Transportation...truck beds and armored vehicles • Aircraft…fuselage, propellers, nose cones • Boats…resistance to UV, saltwater & extreme heat and cold • Recreation…hockey sticks, golf carts, kayaks, travel trailers • Household Fixtures…shower stalls, laundry tubs, ladders • Environment…gas storage tanks, toxic chemical containers • Communications... fiber optic cables • Building and Construction…bridges, “H” & “I” beams, decking, rebar to resist corrosion, guard rails, light poles, manhole covers, tool handles, windows and doors

Advantages Of Fiberglass • Energy efficiency • High strength-to-weight ratio • Withstands extreme heat and cold • Suited for seacoast application • Resists moisture, scratching, denting, warping and impact • Attractive, complex integral shapes • Non-reflective, non-magnetic and non-sparking • Insect resistant • Dark colors in hot climates • Can be formulated for low flammability • Environmentally friendly finish options

Advantages of Fiberglass • Smooth operation • Low thermal expansion • Reduced sash sagging • Minimal sight lines • Large window units • Wind load resistance • Resistant to forced entry • Will not dent, warp, corrode • Unaffected by time or temperature

What is Fiberglass? Glass (sand) and resin strands • Low embodied energy • Energy efficient, non-polluting, low environmental impact • Low thermal expansion and contraction • Strong and durable • Withstands extreme heat and cold • Seacoast worthy • Superb condensation resistance • Resists atmospheric pollutants, chemical corrosion

What is Pultruded Fiberglass? Isometric View of Complex Pultruded Profile

What is Pultrusion?

Click link for You tube video

A Pultruded Profile

Advantages of Pultrusion •

• • •

High throughput rate – “Finished part” – Lines can produce profiles at 3 - 15 ft/min – More traditional line speeds range 3 - 5 ft/min High material usage (low process waste, low labor) Variety of reinforcement types, forms and styles with many thermosetting and thermoplastic resins and fillers Fabrication yields – Complex thin walled shapes – Extremely large profiles – Any transportable length parts

Fiberglass For Fenestration • Provides outstanding “U” factor • High performance finishes in a variety of colors –Powder and Liquid systems –AAMA specifications: 623, 624 & 625

• Can be refinished in the field • Extremely hard and scratch resistant • Environmentally friendly-green material

Thermal Performance of Fiberglass • High R-values/Low U-values • High condensation resistance • Reduces damage to walls • Helps achieve higher level of thermal comfort

Why Buildings? • Buildings consume: – 30% of all of our nation’s energy – 50% of all electrical energy • DOE to reduce building’s energy usage by 50% • AIA goal is “Zero Energy” by 2030

* Source: U.S. Dept of Energy and www.aia.org

What is Sustainability? • Meeting the needs of today without compromising the needs of future generations* • Resource-efficient manufacturing, product use, recycling & disposal • Minimizing the ecological impact of a building

*Source: U.N. Rio Earth Summit, 1992

Sustainability of Materials • Will it adversely affect health of occupants? • Will it need frequent replacement/repairs? • Are there impacts from mining or harvesting material? • Will it minimize energy use? • Toxic by-products created during manufacturing? • Renewable energy consumed during manufacturing? • Raw materials from rare or endangered resources? • Raw materials or mftg. locations far from building site? • Can the material be reused or recycled?

Average Annual Growth Rate of Window Materials 2007 to 2013F 120%

103%

100% 80% 60% 40% Growth

15%

20% 0% -20%

Fiberglass

Vinyl

Aluminum

-30%

-40% -60%

Wood

-44%

Source: AAMA/WDMA 2010/2011 U.S. National Statistical Review and Forecast

Window Usage in Residential Buildings 2007 – 2014 Forecast Total Construction (Millions of Units) 2009 2010 2011

2007

2008

2012F

2013F

2014F

Wood*

15.1

11.9

8.6

8.9

8.7

9.3

10.0

10.6

Aluminum

6.4

4.6

2.9

2.8

2.4

2.8

3.3

3.6

Vinyl

35.7

29.8

25.5

27.8

29.4

33.1

37.6

40.9

Fiberglass*

1.28

1.36

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.8

2.2

2.6

Other

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.2

Total

59.1

48.4

38.9

41.6

42.7

48.0

54.1

58.8


Patio Door Usage 2007 – 2014 Forecast (Thousands of Units) 2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012F

2013F

2014F

Wood*

1245

980

699

726

722

819

909

976

Aluminum

505

375

246

248

237

251

278

289

Vinyl

1785

1515

1296

1422

1498

1711

1956

2147

Steel

560

465

281

301

313

341

383

411

Fiberglass

200

180

160

178

196

233

290

332

Other

50

45

41

44

45

53

62

70

Total*

4345

3560

2723

2919

3011

3409

3879

4225

*Includes both aluminum and vinyl wood clad units and un-clad wood units. Source: AAMA/WDMA 2010/2011 U.S. National Statistical Review and Forecast

Fiberglass Windows and Doors Structural Testing AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A440-08

Fiberglass windows and doors are tested to the same structural performance standard as aluminum, vinyl and wood windows

Fiberglass Windows and Doors Material Test Results Thermal Expansion 5.0 x 10-6 in/in/°F 100 in. sample at a temperature change of 100°F = 0.05 Modulus of Elasticity (PSI x 106)

3.0 Thermal Conductivity BTU/in/hr/SF/°F

2.08 Tensile Strength (KSI)

60.0 Source: Principles of Polymer Engineering; By N.G. Mccrum, C.P. Buckley, and C.B. Bucknall, Published By Oxford University Press In 1990.

Energy Star Program

Fiberglass windows and doors perform very well with the ENERGY STAR© program requirements

Energy Star® Climate Zones for Windows, Doors and Skylights

Energy Star® Qualified Windows and Doors Eligibility U-Factor1

SHGC2

Northern

≤0.35

Any

North/Central

≤0.40

≤0.55

South/Central

≤0.40

≤0.40

Prescriptive

≤0.41

≤0.36

≤0.42

≤0.31

Equivalent Performance (excluding CA)

≤0.43

≤0.24

Climate Zone

1. btu/h.ft2.°F 2. Fraction of incident solar radiation

Products meeting these criteria also qualify in the Southern zone

Energy Star® Qualified Windows and Doors Eligibility Climate Zone Southern

U-Factor1

SHGC2

0.65

0.40

Prescriptive

0.39

Equivalent Performance

0.66 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73

0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35

0.74

0.34

0.75

0.33

1. btu/h.ft2.°F 2. Fraction of incident solar radiation

Window Usage in Non-Residential Buildings 2008 - 2014F (vision area, millions of square feet)

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012F

2013F

2014F

Site Fab Windows

151

118

96

79

83

100

129

Shop Fab Windows

113

95

82

70

75

92

120

Curtain Wall

118

99

77

65

67

78

100

Storefront

160

125

101

83

88

106

138

Total

542

437

356

298

313

375

488


Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study Boyne River Ecology Center • Designed to uplift the spirit, windows allow light and colors inside to change with the hours and the seasons • 1,020 square feet of windows, 308 square feet of skylights built with pultruded fiberglass with an overall U-factor of 0.125.

Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study Green-on-the-Grand • New office near Toronto (Canada’s first C-2000 project) • Window frames are assembled from fiberglass profiles filled with polystyrene insulation, chosen for their insulating value and low embodied energy • 30% window-to-wall ratio

Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study St. Ursula Academy • Toledo’s oldest all-female, Catholic college-preparatory high school • Installed in the late 1950s, 1300 single-pane steel windows had to be replaced • All units were glazed with 7/8" low-E/argon glass meeting the U.S. DOE Energy Star™ requirement of 0.35 U-value

Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study DOE/EERE Solar Decathlon • Uses the USGBC Indoor Environmental Quality and Indoor Air Quality guidelines: –Daylighting –Lighting quality –Thermal comfort –Acoustics –Occupant control of the building’s systems –Access to views

Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study Reed College

• Restoration project included replacement of original 200 windows • Restoration completed using pultruded fiberglass double hung retrofit frames

• Designed to fit with original décor • Selected because of energy efficiency, and low environmental impact

Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study DOE/EERE Solar Decathlon • Entrants design and build homes that can conserve sufficient energy over a fixed period of time to power all of the home’s electricity and operating amenities.

Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study DOE/EERE Solar Decathlon University of Virginia used fiberglass windows and doors in their home’s design • In 2002, achieved perfect scores for: • Energy Balance, • Design & Livability • In 2005, first place for: • Architecture & Dwelling

Fiberglass Windows and Doors

Structural Integrity


Energy Efficiency


Finish


Function


Flexibility


Life Cycle Costing


Sustainability

Fiberglass Windows and Doors • Energy Efficiency • Structural Integrity • Finish • Function • Flexibility • Life Cycle Costing • Sustainability • Overall Value

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